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ERASMUS – Europos Sąjungos Studijų Programa, Pavadinta XVI A

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ERASMUS – Europos Sąjungos Studijų Programa, Pavadinta XVI A GEOLOGIJOS STUDIJOS 69 ERASMUS Europos Sàjungos studijø programa, pavadinta XVI a. humanisto Erazmo Roterda- mieèio (1469-1536) vardu ir skirta skatinti aukðtøjø mokyklø studentø ir dëstytojø studijø programø mainus tarp ES universitetø. ERASMUS programa pradëta 1987 m. Atkûrus Lietuvos nepriklausomybæ, galimybë dalyvauti ðioje programoje atsirado ir Lietuvos universitetams. Vilniaus universiteto geologiniø katedrø dëstytojai ir studentai taip pat dalyvauja ávairios paskirties ir trukmës programos priemonëse. Viena ið tæstiniø priemoniø yra INTENSYVIOS ERASMUS PROGRAMOS (IEP), kurios yra teminës, jø trukmë apie dvi savaites. Hidrogeologijos ir inþinerinës geologijos katedra nuo 2002 m. kartu su Kylio (progra- mos koordinatorius), Cagliari, Gento, Grenados, Sofijos ir Tulûzos universitetais dalyvauja vienoje tæsti- nëje IEP, skirtoje Europos poþeminio vandens naudojimo ir apsaugos nuo pavirðinës tarðos problemoms. IEP renginiai jau yra vykæ Grenadoje, Cagliari ir Vilniuje. Ketvirtasis Europos hidrogeologinis IEP renginys vyko pretendentës á ES nares Bulgarijos sostinëje Sofijoje. Jame dalyvavo VU Hidrogeologijos ir inþinerinës katedros doktorantë Aurelija Baublytë (ren- ginyje ji perskaitë paskaità) bei du I kurso magistrantai Daiva Kukytë ir Þygimantas Palaitis. Spausdindama IEP dalyvës doktorantës Aurelijos Baublytës straipsná, G.A. redakcija nori atkreipti geo- loginiø katedrø studentø dëmesá, kad ERASMUS programa leidþia paávairinti studijas, ágyti naujø þiniø, paþinti kitø ðaliø geologijà, sukaupti patyrimo bendraujant su kitø ðaliø studentais ir specialistais. Intensyvios ERASMUS programos dalyviai ekskursijos metu. Participants of Intensive ERASMUS Program during a field trip. Bulgarija, dar vadinama raudonøjø roþiø ða- kurortuose, kur yra daug sveikatingumo centrø, limi, besididþiuojanti savo vynuogynais ir ið jø ga- kurie medicininëms procedûroms naudoja na- minamu vynu, yra pietryèiø Europos valstybë, uþ- tûraliø gydomøjø savybiø turinèias priemones. imanti apie 22 proc. Balkanø pusiasalio. Garsë- Gamtininkø, ypaè geologø, dëmesá labiausiai janti kultûrinëmis vertybëmis, turtinga ir be galo traukia Balkanø, Rilos, Rodopo, Pirino kalnai, uþ- graþia gamta, savitomis tradicijomis ir paproèiais imantys apie du treèdalius valstybës ploto. Ne ði ðalis kasmet sulaukia daug turistø. Pasyvø po- kà maþiau áspûdingos ir paslaptingosios karsti- ilsá mëgstantys gali mëgautis saulës ir Juodosios nës olos bei mineralinio vandens ðaltiniai, kuriø jûros teikiamais malonumais, stiprinti sveikatà daugiau nei tûkstantis iðsibarstæ po visà ðalies 70 GEOLOGIJOS STUDIJOS Bulgarijos þemëlapis su ekskursijos metu aplankytomis vieto- Map of Bulgaria with visited places during field trip: 1 mis: 1 Dolna Banya terminio vandens baseino teritorija (Mo- Dolna Banya thermal water basin (Momin Prohod mi- min prohod mineralinio vandens ðaltinis); 2 Belovo mine- neral water spring); 2 Belovo mineral water spring; 3 ralinio vandens ðaltinis; 3 Vucha uþtvanka; 4 Michalko- Vucha dam; 4 Michalkovo mineral water spring; 5 vo mineralinio vandens ðaltinis; 5 Nastan Trigrad karstinis Nastan Trigrad karst system region; 6 monitoring post rajonas; 6 Bedenski bani mineralinio vandens monitoringo of Bedenski Bani mineral water; 7 Plovdiv-Asenov- postas; 7 Plovdiv-Asenovgrad industrinë zona; 8 Plovdiv grad industrial zone; 8 municipal landfill of Plovdiv miesto buitiniø atliekø sàvartynas; 9 Pancharevo minerali- town; 9 Pancharevo mineral water spring; 10 Kazi- nio vandens ðaltinis; 10 Kazichane vandenvietë geriamojo chane pumping station for drinking water supply; 11 vandens tiekimui; 11 Ravno pole terminio vandens sritis. Ravno Pole thermal water field. teritorijà. Daugelis ðaltiniø dël savo specifi- nës cheminës sudëties (iðtirpusiø minera- liniø druskø, dujø (azoto, metano, anglies dvideginio, vandenilio sulfido)), mikrokom- ponentø (silicio, fluoro ir kt.) ir aukðtos tem- peratûros (iki 100 °C) turi gydomøjø savy- biø. Todël mineraliniø vandenø kurortai kai kurie jø ásikûræ senovës Romënø termø ar turkø pirèiø vietose yra vienas bulgarø pa- sididþiavimø. Be to, karðtas poþeminis van- duo naudojamas ir pastatams apðildyti. Viskam pamatyti ir patirti reikëtø ne- maþai laiko, taèiau bent jau netiesiogiai su visu tuo susipaþinti, nors prabëgomis ERASMUS intensyvios programos vadovas-koor- dinatorius, Kylio universiteto doc. Eckart Bedbur. ERASMUS Intensive Program head coordinator Docent Eckart Bedbur of Kiel University. GEOLOGIJOS STUDIJOS 71 Prie mineralinio vandens ðaltinio Momin prohod Vilniaus universiteto studentai Bulgarijoje Intensyvios ERASMUS pro- gramos ekskursijos metu: doktorantë Aurelija Baublytë (pirmame plane), magistrantai Daiva Kukytë ir Þygiman- tas Palaitis. Near Momin Prohod mineral water spring students of Pancharevo mineralinio vandens cheminë sudëtis ir fi- Vilnius University: Aurelija Baublytë, Daiva Kukytë and Þy- zikinës savybës. gimantas Palaitis (during a field trip of Intensive ERASMUS Chemical composition and physical properties of Pan- Program in Bulgaria). charevo mineral water. kai kà pamatyti buvo galima 2006 m. rugsëjo þmogaus veiklos atsiradusi neigiama átaka gam- 4-15 d. vykusio Intensyvios ERASMUS Progra- tai ir konkreèiai poþeminiam vandeniui. mos seminaro Europos poþeminis vanduo: Pirmàjà ekskursijos dienà ið Sofijos patrau- apsaugos ir valymo strategijos metu. Ðioje këme Rodopo kalnø link. Palikæ Sofijos slëná, programoje dalyvauja 7 universitetai, jà koor- sustojome Dolna Banya terminio vandens ba- dinuoja Kylio universitetas. Seminaro vieta kas- seino teritorijoje. Ðis baseinas yra centrinëje va- met keièiama. Ðiemet já organizavo Sofijos uni- karø Bulgarijos dalyje tarp Rila ir Ichtiman Sred- versitetas Minno-geolozhki universitet Sv. Ivan na Gora kalnø. Jam priklauso keturi minerali- Rilski. Á seminarà atvaþiavo 30 studentø (tarp nio vandens ðaltiniai: Kostonetso, Dolna Ba- jø, beje, buvo nemaþai doktorantø) ið Cagliari nya, Pchelinski bani ir Momin Prohod. Pas- (Italija), Kylio (Vokietija), Gento (Belgija), Gra- tarojo mineralinio vandens ðaltinio vanduo dël nados (Ispanija), Vilniaus (Lietuva), Sofijos savo specifinës sudëties dar nuo antikos laikø (Bulgarija), Tulûzos (Prancûzija) universitetø. naudojamas balneologijai (kvëpavimo takams, Èia anglø kalba buvo skaitomos paskaitos, su- paralyþiui gydyti). Tai natrio sulfatinis, aukðtos sijusios su poþeminio vandens tarðos ir jo ap- temperatûros (iki 65 °C) vanduo, jo sudëtyje yra saugos problemomis. Buvo naudinga ne tik fluorido (iki 12,5 mg/l), silicio (H2SiO3 koncen- atnaujinti ir papildyti hidrogeologines þi- tracija iki 127 mg/l), be to, ið minëtø ðaltiniø ja- nias, bet ir susipaþinti su kitø ðaliø hidrogeo- me didþiausia radono (iki 560 emanacijø/l) kon- loginëmis problemomis (poþeminio vandens centracija. tarða ir stygiumi) bei jø sprendimo bûdais. Ekskursijos metu teko aplankyti ir kitus mi- Didelá áspûdá paliko ekskursijø metu aplan- neralinio vandens telkinius. Belovo lûþiø zo- kyti objektai natûralûs gamtos objektai, kurorti- nos subterminis (temperatûra iki 20°C) mine- niai miesteliai, savitos architektûros kaimeliai, dël ralinis vanduo gëlas, kalcio hidrokarbonatinis, 72 GEOLOGIJOS STUDIJOS Vucha uþtvanka (autorës nuotrauka). Vucha dam (Photo by author). geresnës kokybës nei gyvenvietëje vartojamas giliausia 300 m gylio, o ilgiausios ilgis 1 km. kvartero poþeminis vanduo, tad þmonës bû- Ákaitus nuo saulës, oloje egzotiðku pavadinimu riuojasi jo prisipilti á plastikinius butelius. Mi- Velnio gerklë, galima atsigaivinti, nes èia ið vir- chalkovo vienas ið natûraliai gazuotø sodos ðaus krentanèio vandens temperatûra tesiekia tipo mineralinis (mineralizacija 2,5 g/l) van- 10 °C. Pasivaikðèiojæ po ðià teritorijà, IEP daly- duo, kurio sudëtyje daug fluoro. Tai vienintelis viai ásiamþino atminimui. toks Bulgarijoje á butelius pilstomas vanduo, já Dar vienas áspûdingas reginys Rodopo kal- vartoja virðkinimo problemø turintys þmonës. nuose aukðèiausia Bulgarijoje 145 m aukðèio Bedenski bani mineralinio vandens ðaltinis Vucha uþtvanka. Statyti jà buvo labai sudëtin- yra 12 km á rytus nuo kurortinio Devino mies- ga dël nevienodø geologiniø sàlygø skirtingose telio, á kurá ðis vanduo tiekiamas vamzdþiais. pusëse. Maksimalus vandens gylis 130 m. Tai natrio hidrokarbonatinis sulfatinis, terminis Dalis ekskursijø buvo skirtos su poþeminio (72-76 °C), beveik 2 g/l mineralizacijos vanduo, vandens tarða susijusiems klausimams. Vienas kurio sudëtyje yra silicio, fluoro (7,9 mg/l). Ge- ið tokiø objektø Plovdivo-Asenovgrado in- rai þinomas ir Pancharevo kalcio magnio hid- dustrinë zona pietinëje Virðutinio Thraciano þe- rokarbonatinis mineralinis vanduo, beveik 50 °C mumoje. Èia ið gamyklø á aplinkà patenkantys temperatûros, dar nuo senovës Romënø laikø cinkas ir ðvinas pavojingi virðutiniams kvartero naudojamas kaip gydomasis. Jo sudëtyje yra bei neogeno vandeningiems sluoksniams. silicio (H2SiO3 koncentracija iki 20-30 mg/l), Pgrindiniai tarðos ðaltiniai lydykla, lydyklos se- ðiek tiek fluoro (0,2-0,3 mg/l) ir radono (6 ema- noji ir naujoji atliekø kaupvietës. Pavojingiausias nacijos/l). Beveik prie visø ðaltiniø yra informa- dirvoþemio ir poþeminio vandens tarðos ðalti- cija apie vandens cheminæ sudëtá ir fizines sa- nis lydyklos nutekamøjø vandenø kanalas. vybes. Neseniai teritorija pradëta tvarkyti: lydyklos ka- Pagrindinis karstinis rajonas Nastan-Tri- minuose árengti nauji filtrai, pertvarkytos atlie- grad vietovë Rodopo kalnuose, kur dël poþe- kø kaupvietës, valomas nutekamøjø vandenø minio vandens poveikio karbonatinëse
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