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Energy Module 2R2019

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Energy Module 2R2019 Name (printed) _______________________________ First Day Stamp INTRODUCTION TO MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE 1. Momentum depends on mass as well as velocity. Find the momentum of a 50-kg person walking at 2.0 m/s and the momentum of a 10-g bullet moving at 1,000 m/s. Person Bullet BIG IDEA #1: 2. Now find the kinetic energy of the person and the bullet. Person Bullet BIG IDEA #2: 3. To change the momentum of an object, you must apply … 4. A 0.25 kg soccer ball is rolling at 8.0 m/s toward a player. The player kicks the ball back in the opposite direction, giving it a speed of 16 m/s. What is the average force, during the kick, between the player’s foot and the ball if the kick lasts -2 3.0 x 10 s? 5. 6. Raw eggs are fragile. They break easily. Can you think of a way to throw one as hard as possible without it breaking? Be specific. 7. Egg tosses are fun, especially when the distance between the participants is large. In one egg toss, a 0.60 kg egg is moving at 15 m/s. The egg can only take 24 N of force before breaking. How much time must the catch last in order for the egg not to break? BIG IDEA #3: 8. The photograph to the right shows a Pelton water wheel attached to an electric generator. Notice that the water wheel blades are more like little bowls rather than being traditionally flat. This causes the water to be splashed upward after striking the blades. Considering impulse and change in momentum, why would this be advantageous? BIG IDEA #4: 1 SUMMARY QUESTIONS IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM 1. _____ Which of the following has the largest momentum relative to the Earth? a. a tightrope walker crossing Niagara Falls c. a pickup truck speeding along a highway b. a Mack truck parked in a parking lot d. a dog running down the street 2. _____ Compared to falling on a wooden floor, a wine glass may not break when it falls to a carpeted floor because of the a. smaller impulse b. longer time to stop. c. both of these d. neither of these. 3. _____ Compared to the force that brings a small car to a stop, the force required to bring a heavy truck traveling at the same speed to a stop a. is less b. is more c. may be less and may be more. 4. _____ Why is it safer to hit your head on a padded dashboard than on an unpadded dashboard? a. The change in momentum is smaller c. The impulse is smaller b. The impulse time is longer d. The acceleration is higher 5. _____ A 15.0 N force acts on a 2.0 kg mass for 5.0 seconds. How much does the momentum of the object change? a. 6 kg-m/s b. 38 kg-m/s c. 75 kg-m/s d. 150 kg-m/s 6. _____ A mass of 2 kg is at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. A constant force of 2 N is applied to the mass for 3 s and is then removed. What is the speed of the mass after 6 s? a. 1 m/s b. 3 m/s c. 6 m/s d. 12 m/s e. 24 m/s 7. _____ A 0.25-kg soccer ball is rolling at 6.0 m/s toward a player. The player kicks the ball back in the opposite direction and gives it a velocity of 14 m/s. If the kick lasts 0.020 s, what is the average force during the interaction between the player’s foot and the ball? a. 75 N b. 100 N c. 175 N d. 250 N Move ahead STOP! IF YOU MOVE BEYOND THIS POINT WITHOUT 2 GETTING CHECKED THERE WILL BE A PENALTY. QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM Do the following questions and problems from the Giancoli book in the space below and on the following page. Pages 187 – 192 Questions 7, 9; Problems 2, 3, 15, 18, 19 Move ahead STOP! IF YOU MOVE BEYOND THIS POINT WITHOUT 3 GETTING CHECKED THERE WILL BE A PENALTY. INTRODUCTION TO CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM 1. 2. A 2.0 kg mass moving with a speed of 0.50 m/s collides head-on with a 1.5 kg mass moving at 0.30 m/s in the opposite direction. After the collision, the 2.0 kg mass stops. What is the velocity of the other mass after the collision? Demo #______: Exploding Cans (What is the big takeaway?) Demo #______: Air / Water Rocket (What is the big takeaway?) Demo #______: Tennis Ball Cannon (Calculate the speed of the tennis ball using Conservation of Momentum.) 3. A 4.0 kg cart moving at 2.0 m/s suddenly explodes into two pieces with a 1.0 kg piece being propelled forward at 10 m/s (with respect to the ground). What is the velocity of the other piece? 4 SUMMARY QUESTIONS CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM 1. _____ A firecracker is placed in the midst of a motionless cluster of billiard balls on a table. When the firecracker explodes, the balls scatter in all directions. The total momentum of the balls immediately after the explosion is a. more than before the explosion c. the same as before the explosion b. less than before the explosion d. cannot tell from this information 2. _____ A firecracker is placed in the midst of a motionless cluster of billiard balls on a table. When the firecracker explodes, the balls scatter in all directions. The total kinetic energy of the balls immediately after the explosion is a. more than before the explosion c. the same as before the explosion b. less than before the explosion d. cannot tell from this information 3. _____ Two objects collide and one is initially at rest. After the collision, it is possible for: a. both to be moving d. either “a” or “b” b. one to be moving e. either “a” or “c” c. both to be at rest f. either “a,” “b,” or “c” 4. _____ A rifle recoils from firing a bullet. The speed of the rifle’s recoil is small because the a. force against the rifle is smaller than against the bullet. c. rifle has much more mass than the bullet. b. momentum is mainly concentrated in the bullet. d. momentum of the rifle is smaller. 5. _____ Mighty Matt weighs 800 N and is running down the football field at 4 m/s. Speedy Gonzales weighs only 400 N but runs at 8 m/s, while Ponderous Poncho weighs 1600 N and runs only 2 m/s. In an attempt at a tackle who will be more effective in stopping Matt? a. Speedy Gonzales b. Ponderous Poncho c. Both the same 6. _____ In which collision will Mighty Matt be hurt more? a. Speedy Gonzales b. Ponderous Poncho c. Both the same 7. _____ A rifle recoils from firing a bullet. The speed of the rifle’s recoil is small because the a. force against the rifle is smaller than against the bullet. c. rifle has much more mass than the bullet. b. momentum is mainly concentrated in the bullet d. momentum of the rifle is smaller. 8. _____A 5-kg fish swimming at a speed of 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish swimming toward it at 4 m/s. The speed of the larger fish after lunch is 1 1 1 1 a. m/s b. m/s c. m/s d. m/s 9 6 5 2 9. _____€ A 3-kg fish swimming at a€ speed of 3 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish swimming moving away from it at 2 m/s. The speed of the larger fish after lunch is 11 9 7 3 a. 4 m/s b. 4 m/s c. 4 m/s d. 4 m/s € € € € Move ahead STOP! IF YOU MOVE BEYOND THIS POINT WITHOUT 5 GETTING CHECKED THERE WILL BE A PENALTY. LAB COLLISIONS IN ONE DIMENSION INTRODUCTION The equipment pictured below can be used to produce collisions between two marbles. A flexible ruler is mounted into a curved metal frame. A steel marble is released in the groove of the ruler at its highest point and collides with another marble, which is set on a pedestal at the end of the ruler. The pedestal is positioned such that the marble on the pedestal is projected horizontally. PURPOSE To test the Law of Conservation of Momentum in one-dimensional collisions. PROCEDURE 1. Measure the masses of the steel and glass marbles. 2. Measure the distance the steel ball travels horizontally from the ruler when released from the upper end of the ruler and has no collision. 3. Position the glass marble on the pedestal so that it will be projected horizontally when struck by the steel marble (and in the same direction as the steel marble is moving). Measure the distance that each of the marbles travels horizontally from the end of the ruler when the steel marble is released from the upper end of the ruler and allowed to collide with the glass marble. The distances can be made more easily by allowing the marbles to strike carbon paper. DATA Mass of steel marble (kg): ________ Mass of glass marble (kg): ________ Distance of steel ball (m) with no collision Average distance of steel marble without collision (m): ______________ Distance of steel ball (m) with collision Average distance of steel marble with collision (m): ______________ Distance of glass ball (m) with collision Average distance of glass marble with collision (m): ______________ 6 QUESTIONS/CALCULATIONS (SHOW ALL WORK CAREFULLY) 1.
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