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Home , History of science

MODULE 1 THE OF — SEARCH FOR THE

NOTETAKING Remember, taking notes are a way to help you learn the new information you will read. There are no right answers; as you read each day, write your notes in your own words by responding to the prompts given.

what to do Week 1, Day 1 Read pages 1 to the top of page 5 in the text, Exploring Creation with General Science 3rd Ed. You will be reading section, The Earliest Science: Ancient Times–600 BC, and subsections, Egypt and Other . As you read, keep this notebook open to these pages and complete the tasks on the following checklist (check them off as you complete them).

 Write the definitions to the vocabulary words you find to help you memorize them (they are in bold, blue font).

 Write a sentence or two summarizing what you learned in each section under the appropriate section heading.

 Answer the On Your Own question 1.1.

 Begin your History of Science Timeline.

 Check off Day 1 on your Daily Schedule in the front of this notebook.

21 600 BC, EGYPT, & OTHER CULTURES OTHER & BC, EGYPT, 600 Introduction OCABULARY V The Earliest Science: Ancient Times–600 BC: EgyptThe Earliest Ancient Times–600 Science: The Earliest Science: Ancient Times–600 BC: Other Cultures The Earliest Science: Ancient Times–600 (Make sure you include a couple sentences about Imhotep and what he is known for.) a couple sentences about Imhotep and what he is known include you sure (Make – TIMES ANCIENT SCIENCE: EARLIEST HE

read learned as you summarizing what you write a sentence or two In the provided, put it is better if you the materials in the textbook, could copy While you each of the sections. words. own learned into your what you T Papyrus— Science—

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to checkofftoday on your daily schedule! today’s reading, has been donefor you as anexample. can get). Then writethethree interesting factsunderneaththepicture. Imhotep, whoyou met in Find, print, andpasteapicture ofthescientistontimelineatrightyear (orascloseyou logia.com/bookextras) andlearn2to3interesting factsaboutthemthatyou didn’t know before. istheBookExtraswebsitelook upeachofthemontheInternet(agood placetostart atapo - to fitinto your notebook. on page53. Again, cutandpaste asbefore. You now have acompletetimelinethatcanbefolded of page51andcutpasteasbefore. Finally, matchthewavy lineonpage55withthewavy line line. Nextmatchthedottedlineon theleftsideofpage53withdottedlineonright 51, cuttingjusttotherightofit. Tape orpasteittothe rightsideofpage49, hidingthedashed of themodule. make atimeline. Today you willgetyour timelineready soitwillbeeasytouseduringtherest and you willlearnaboutwhatcontributionsthey madetoscience. As you read aboutthem, you’ll As you read through therest ofthismodule, you willbeintroduced tomany important HISTORY OFSCIENCETIMELINE INSTRUCTIONS O Look at the entire definition of science.) science do not think of Egyptian doctors asscientists.Why?(Hint: that revolutionized life inthe ancient world practices fortheirtimes Although the ancient Egyptians had reasonably advanced medical N YOUR OWN Once you have completed preparing your timeline, you have finished for today. Don’t forget ofscienceoverAs you peopleinthehistory thenextweek studytheimportant ortwo, Remove thetimelinepages(pages51–56)inthisnotebook. Cutoffthedashedlineonpage , and although there were many inventions and although there weremany inventions Check thisbox onceyou’ve checked your answer. , most of most historiansof r 23

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complete the tasks on the following checklist on the following complete the tasks , As you read As you at wh

to take notes on you will learn about will scientists you notes on the Use the graphic to take organizer and subsections: 600 BC–AD 500, Science Begins to Emerge: True in the section, and Hypothesis. Scientists, Greek More Two Scientists, Greek Three of this notebook. Schedule in the front on the Daily Check off this day lso, in the below, write down any questions or thoughts you have as you’re read as you’re have or thoughts you questions any write down in the space below, Also, SCIENTISTS, TWO MORE GREEK SCIENTISTS, & HYPOTHESIS SCIENTISTS, TWO MORE GREEK SCIENTISTS, & HYPOTHESIS

 it tomorrow). will conduct Experiment 1.1 (you through  Read 

RUE SCIENCE BEGINS TO EMERGE: 600 BC–AD 500, THREE GREEK EMERGE: 600 SCIENCE BEGINS TO TRUE eek 1, Day 2 W in the text. Read pages 5–10 (check them off as you complete them). as you (check them off ing. You might want to include a sentence or two on how to state a good hypothesis. to state a good on how might want to include a sentence or two You ing. se the graphic organizer to take notes on the scientists you will learn about on pages 5–10. As pages 5–10. will learn about on notes on the scientists you organizer to take Use the graphic Then on the line (their name will be in blue letters). put his name , about each read you about what made each scientist important. write a sentence or two in the space under the line, are you your timeline when them to forget to add Don’t you. for The first one has been done finished. 24 MODULE 1 BC—AD 500 True Science Emerge: 600 Begins to Many peopletraveledfardistancestoseehim. had alotofmedicalknowledgeandabilitytoheal. Imhotep wasawell-knowndoctorinEgypt.He Imhotep (c2650BC) 25

MODULE 1 complete the , read As you Summary: do

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(turn to the lab report form in the lab section of form report (turn to the lab Cold Water for Experiment 1.1. Experiment for at wh

Gather your supplies 1.1 Complete Experiment this notebook). More. Investigate the Explore of this notebook. Check off Schedule in the front on the Daily this day

   

eek 1, Day 3 Hot Water W to Experiment 1.1 in the text. relate pages 6–10 as they Re-read complete them). (check them off as you checklist tasks on the following Turn to the lab report form for Experiment 1.1 on page 409 of this student notebook. Read 1.1 on page 409 of this student notebook. Experiment for form to the lab report Turn read Now materials. should do and gather your the whole experiment to see what you through each step, complete As you each step as instructed. completing the experiment again, through activity and More Then complete the Explore form. lab report on your information your record data. your record MORE EXPLORE Then write a coloring into hot and cold water. put food you when what happened Draw it happened. sentence explaining why 26 MODULE 1 Spontaneous generation— Spontaneous marize whatthegeocentricsystemis, andfinally completeOn Your Ownquestions 1.2and1.3. least 2thingsyou learnedaboutthescientistsyou meet. Add themtoyour timeline. Then sum- As you read pages10–12, theEven More Greek Scientistssection, below withat filloutthechart (check themoffasyou completethem). Read pages10–14inthetext. W eek 1,Day4      thisdayCheck off ontheDaily Scheduleinthefront ofthisnotebook. Complete Experiment 1.2(turntothelabsectionofthisnotebookfor alabreport). Answer theOn Your Ownquestions. and Then GetsMoving Again: AD 500-1500withsubsection, the subsections: Even More Greek Scientistsandthesection: ScienceProgress Stalls Use thegraphic organizersto them. Write thedefinitions Name EVEN MOREGREEKSCIENTISTS More Scientistsfrom 600BC–AD500 what As you read, 384–-322 BC When didhelive? to the vocabulary words tothevocabulary you findtohelp you memorize VOCABULARY take notes completethetasksonfollowing checklist

t onthescientistsyou willlearnaboutin o 2. 1.

spontaneous generation. He incorrectlybelieved in studied livingthings. life sciencesbecause he Known asthefatherof do

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MODULE 1 r What did he do? What did what do you think about the , When did he live? When did More Scientists from 600 BC–AD 500 600 BC–AD from Scientists More Name

The geocentric system is a view of the and in which ______is of The geocentric system is a view against it, was though there even idea lasted so long, This incorrect at the center. fit it because scientist and and respected was such a great because ______things ought to be. of how scientists’ ______notions many N YOUR OWN N YOUR density of popcorn kernels? Are they more or less dense than the density of popcorn kernels? Are they more or lead sinker and the Ping-Pong ball? Based on your results in Experiment 1.1 Summarize the geocentric system by completing the following sentences. completing the following by Summarize the geocentric system O 1.2 28 MODULE 1 1.3 own ground-breakingequation,E=mc nuclear powercouldneverbeagoodsourceofusableenergy.Yethis ics, healsohadsomeideasthatwereincorrect.Einsteinbelieved ceived the1921NobelPrizeforhiscontributionstotheoreticalphys tory (We’lltalkmoreabouthimlaterinthismodule).Thoughhere Albert Einsteinisoneofthemostwell-knownscientistsinrecenthis O brilliant scientist,saiditwasn’tworthexploring? if scientistsdecidednottoexplorenuclearenergybecauseEinstein,a non-carbon-based energy.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhavehappened nuclear powerstationstoday,providingamajorsourceofworldwide below. Summarize whatyou learnaboutalchemy whilereading therest ofpage14by fillingintheblanks Experiment 1.2. Usethelabreport form inthelabsectionofthis notebooktorecord your data. thissectionby readingStart page12through thefirst2paragraphs ofpage14andconducting N YOUR OWN to eachother, they ______into othersubstances. They triedtodothisbecausethey saw thatwhentwo different substanceswere exposed Alchemists triedtofindaway totransform ______into______. SCIENCE PROGRESSSTALLS ANDTHENGETS MOVING AGAIN: AD500–1500&ALCHEMY 2 , isattheheartofover400 - - r - 29

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Thoughts on my first week of General Science on my first week Thoughts What are the two lessons we can learn from this time period? can learn from lessons we the two What are ______Lesson 1: ______Lesson 2: We now know that what the alchemists tried to do will not work. But one thing they did they one thing But work. will not to do tried alchemists what the that know now We was that? ______What was very good. 30 MODULE 1 complete On Your Ownquestions1.4–1.6. withwhatyouchart learnedaboutthescientistsyou meet. Add them toyour timeline. Finally, As you read pages14–16, summarizethesectionsby answering thequestionsandfillingout What didthey dothatallowed future scientiststousetheirwork? What were the Arabs andChinesedoingduringthetimeperiodof AD 500–1000? (check themoffasyou completethem). Read pages14–16inthetext. W eek 2,Day1    Use thegraphic organizerto  thisdayCheck off ontheDaily Scheduleinthefront ofthisnotebook. Answer theOn Your Ownquestions. Ages. Take notes O THER MEDIEVAL CULTURES &ENDOFTHEDARK AGES whilereading subsections: OtherMedieval Cultures &EndoftheDark what As you read Other MedievalCultures take notes , completethetasksonfollowing checklist

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MODULE 1 r What did he do? What did When did he live? When did End of the Dark Ages: Scientists from AD 1000–1500 End of the Darkfrom Scientists Ages: Name

N YOUR OWN N YOUR Nicolas of Cusa Thomas Bradwardine Robert Explain why it is important to document scientific data. Explain why it is important to document scientific O 1.4 32 MODULE 1 1.5 of thereasonssciencegotoutDarkAges. tists arenot another. Thatideahasdevelopedbecauseinrecentyears,manyscien Some peoplebelievethatscienceand O N YOUR OWN C hristian. Explainhowa C C hristianity areatoddswithone hristian worldviewis,infact,one r - 33

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o what his contribution to thehis contribution to what on the scientists you will learn about in the you on the scientists t

exactly take notes take As you read complete the tasks on the following checklist checklist tasks on the following complete the read As you at wh 7–18 in the text. section: The : The “Golden Age” of Science: AD 1500–1660. Age” of Science: “Golden The The Renaissance: section: Own question. Your the On Answer activity. More Investigate the Explore of this notebook. Check off Schedule in the front on the Daily this day

se the graphic organizer to  Use the graphic    eek 2, Day 2 HE RENAISSANCE: THE “GOLDEN AGE” OF SCIENCE: AD 1500–1660 OF SCIENCE: THE “GOLDEN AGE” THE RENAISSANCE:

N YOUR OWN N YOUR W Read pages 1 (check them off as you complete them). as you (check them off Galileo is often incorrectly credited with the invention of the telescope.invention of the with the credited Galileo is often incorrectly to see section back in this Look O Use the graphic organizer on the next page to take notes on the scientists you will learn about notes on the scientists you organizer on the next page to take Use the graphic name will be put his name on the line (their about each scientist, read you As on pages 17–18. what made each about write a sentence or two under the line, Then in the space in blue letters). Then answer finished. are when you timeline to your them to add forget Don’t scientist important. text. activity on page 19 of your More complete the Explore Finally question 1.6. Own Your On telescope was. Explain how this is an example of the importance of importance of the this is an example Explain how telescope was. with other scientists. it scientific data and sharing documenting 1.6 34 MODULE 1 The Golden Age Golden Age The of Science: AD Science: AD of Write asentenceexplainingwhathappened andhow itrelates toairpressure. EXPLORE MORE Renaissance: 1500–1600 Summary: The The 35

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he sections: The Era of Newton: AD 1660– AD The Era of Newton: the sections: take notes take As you read As you Antoni van Leeuwenhoek 1. 2. at wh THE ERA OF NEWTON: AD 1660–1735 AD 1660–1735 THE ERA OF NEWTON: 2. Sir 1. the Explore More activity. More the Explore

you read. you

as Own questions. Your the On Answer Complete this day on the Daily Schedule in the front of this notebook. Schedule in the front on the Daily Check off this day

se the graphic organizers to organizers to  Use the graphic   

eek 2, Day 3 1. 2. W in the text. Read pages 19–22 AD 1735–1820 complete the and the Industrial Revolution: “Enlightenment” The 1735 & complete them). (check them off as you checklist tasks on the following As you read pages 19–20, write two things you learn about each scientist on the chart. Add Add each scientist on the chart. learn about things you write two pages 19–20, read As you Own questions 1.7. Your Then complete On timeline. these men to your 36 MODULE 1 1.7 Summarize whattheterm “Enlightenment” describes. Why isitinquotation marks? Explore More activity. read provided. aboutonthechart Remembertoadd themtoyour timeline. Finally, completethe dustrial Revolution inthespacesindicated. Write two thingsyou learnabouteach scientistyou As you read pages20–22, summarizewhatyou learnabouttheterms “Enlightenment” andIn would sayaboutsuchtextbooks? today thatdonotuse at all. What do you think Newton science to such students, there aremany sciencetextbookswritten Some students think learning mathematics is difficult. In ordertoteach O N YOUR OWN THE “ENLIGHTENMENT”ANDINDUSTRIALREVOLUTION: AD 1735–1820 r - 37

MODULE 1 Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier Antoine-Laurent 1. 2.

John Dalton 1. 2. Carolus Linnaeus Carolus 1. 2. EXPLORE MORE EXPLORE Paste it here. and print it out. mechanical hand of your a picture Take Summarize why this time period was also known as the Industrial Revolution. was also known this time period Summarize why 38 MODULE 1    you  forget toadd themtoyour timeline. Then answer On Your Ownquestion1.8. As you read pages22–24, writesomefactsyou learnabouteachscientistonthechart. Don’t AD 1900– . (check themoffasyou completethem). Read pages22–26inthetext. W 2. 1. eek 2,Day4 Use thegraphic organizerto thisdayCheck off ontheDaily Scheduleinthefront ofthisnotebook. Complete Answer theOn Your Ownquestions. read THE RESTOFTHE19THCENTURY: AD1820–1900 sections: The Restofthe19thCentury: AD 1820–1900andModernScience: 2. 1. 2. 1. theExplore More activity. what As you read, take notes completethetasksonfollowing checklist

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MODULE 1 r Michael 1. 2. James Joule 1. 2.

James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk 1. 2. ON YOUR OWN YOUR ON dealt experiments learned about Louis Pasteur, whose section, you this In scientistsToday, all generation. idea of spontaneous to the a final blow factthat cannot occur. Explain how generation agree that spontaneous on earth withoutto be Darwin’s idea that life came for problem a is it. God creating 1.8 40 MODULE 1 ule (from the forget toadd themtoyour timeline. Then writedown themajorpointsyou learnedinthismod As you read pages24–26, withwhatyou completethechart learnabouteachscientist. Don’t Summarize the3majorpointsyou learnedinthismodule Neils Bohr 3. 2. 1. Name Summing Upsection). Modern Science: Scientists of AD1900–PresentModern Science:Scientistsof MODERN SCIENCE:AD1900–PRESENT When didhelive? . What didhedo?

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it works best if you try best if you to do this without - it works begin by completing the checklist below. completing the checklist begin by , your thoughts and questions on your down , write If you like what . by reviewing your notebook pages. What does this mean? What does pages. notebook your for the exam reviewing by 1 all that you’ve learned in this module. Do you view the world differently than differently the world view Do you learned in this module. all that you’ve your answers (or have your parent check your answers) with the Solutions answers) check your parent your (or have answers your “looking back” at your notes and textbook. When you are done, you can use your use your can you done, are you When notes and textbook. “looking back” at your you did not know. answers text and notes to fill in any Check and Tests Manual Well, take some time to look over all that you have learned so far. learned so far. have all that you to look over some time take Well, the Study Guide questions Answer Prepare of this notebook. Check off Schedule in the front on the Daily this day about it? reading did before you Connections page. the Creation

    a moment and take might want to you start the study process, you  Before

eek 3, Day W Own Your all the On and completed notes, taken the module, read that you’ve Now do that To time to study! it’s questions,

42 MODULE 1 MODULE 1 MODULE 43

CREATIONWrite down any thoughts or questions that may be sparked after reading this section. you can. You can even make make even can You can. you n ancient form of paper, made from a made from of paper, An ancient form plant of the same name be The idea that living organisms can nonliving from formed spontaneously substances world The systematic study of the natural observationthrough and experimentation general to formulate in order . Don’t worry…it is not graded, but it IS a great but it IS a great worry…it graded, is not Don’t . study you guide to help STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE 1 MODULE FOR GUIDE STUDY A Horse and carriage tablets Clay Egyptian doctors treated open wounds with moldy bread so the wounds would heal quickly heal quickly would so the wounds with moldy bread open wounds Egyptian doctors treated the mold killed bacteria). by created (Penicillin kills bacteria). the common cold (Mud to heal them from painted with mud Patients were seeds have seeds to eat (Poppy poppy be given experiencing pain would Patients that were drugs). pain-relieving morphine and codeine which are his guide will help you better understand the key information addressed in the module. It is also in the module. addressed information the key better understand will help you his guide to find the answers to any to any notes to find the answers and your the module back through go Then, an educated guess. study guide, first go through the questions and answer them as best and answer the questions go through first study guide, . Now you have a great source from which to study! from source a great have you Now . in the Solutions Manual exactly what it is titled: it is titled: what exactly questions you didn’t remember. Once it is completed, check your answers with the answer key key with the answer answers your check Once it is completed, remember. didn’t questions you way to see how much you remember and review more challenging information. To complete this To information. challenging more and review remember you much see how to way T

Papyrus

. . . . hat invention helped Egyptian doctors easily document information, transport it to other helped Egyptian document information, doctors easily What invention generations? future it for and store scholars, he Egyptians were not considered scientists, even though they had incredibly advanced medical had incredibly though they even scientists, not considered The Egyptians were Which science. method of used the trial and error That is because they their time. practices for on patients? use NOT of these healing methods did they Papyrus Papyrus Spontaneous generation Science b c b c a. a. atch the following words with their definitions by drawing a line to the correct definition. the correct a line to by drawing with their definitions words the following

3 2 1 44 MODULE 1 7 6 5 4 9 8 c b a. ______. A badchangewasthatscience begantomove away from theauthority of was thatsciencebegantostoprelying ontheauthorityof______. During theEnlightenment, amajorchangeinscientific approach tookplace. A good change ______Science begantoprogress towards theendof theDark Ages mainly becausethe F for itbeingbelieved for solong? T ocritus onthebeach!)? that ideaeven further. What ideadidLeucippusandDemocrituspropose (Hint: Think ofDem- being madeofasinglesubstance. Leucippusbuiltonthatideaandhisstudent, , took Scientists oftenbuildononeanother’s ideas. Anaximenes triedtoexplainallthingsinnature as The maingoal ofthealchemistswastoturnleadinto__ scientist believes it. because ______orjustabrilliant The accountsof Aristotle andPtolemy teach usthatascientistshouldn’t holdontoanideajust . .

rue orFalse: IsaacNewton championedtheidea ofspontaneousgenerationandisresponsible

or Questions6 Sand hasahigherdensitythanwater. All matteriscomposedofatoms. The beachisarelaxing placetodoscience. ______–9, completethesentenceinyourown words: ___ world view begantoreplace theRoman worldview. ______. 45

MODULE 1 - es or no: Does a scientist’s beliefs affect the way he interprets data? he interprets the way affect beliefs Does a scientist’s es or no: Y tion, the supposed production of living organisms from nonliving matter. Today, all scientists agree agree all scientists Today, nonliving matter. of living organisms from the supposed production tion, idea Darwin’s for is a problem that Explain how occur. that spontaneous generation cannot it. came to be on earththat life without God creating ouis Pasteur conducted experiments that dealt a final blow to the idea of spontaneous genera that dealt a final blow Louis Pasteur conducted experiments harles Darwin had two major impacts on the of science when he published his ideas of science when on the progress major impacts Charles Darwin had two they? What are and one positive. one negative about the origin of species: hort Answer: Short heard he had based on descriptions lenses, two out of a tube with an instrument Galileo built he What did about the heavens. data more to collect a lot him This allowed of a military device. of this device? he the inventor Was build?

13 12 11 10 46 MODULE 1

Complete thefollowing checklist.   Tests Manual.  this moduleyou may useyour text, notes, andStudyGuidequestionstohelpyou  notebook, andtheStudyGuidequestions) lab report.  W eek 3,Day2

 T Go backinthetextand With aparent, checkyourtestanswers againsttheanswers inthe

thisdayCheck off ontheDaily Scheduleinthefront ofthisnotebook take thetest—ifyou needit T Choose ake about20minutes toreview (review fortheexam your notesinthis ake (itcanbefound inthe theexam agenerallabreport form asareference touseasyou create oneformal what review yougotwrong anything onthetest .

t . Solutions and Tests Manual o

do ). Rememberfor . Solutions and . 47

MODULE 1 48 MODULE 1 scroll. improved thepapyrus Imhotep created or 3. Itissaidthat arthritis. like appendicitisand treat conditions who was ableto for medicineand to haveusedplants the firstphysician considered tobe 2. Heisalso Egypt. located inSaqqara, pyramid thatisstill Egypt’s firststep architect who built 1. Imhotepwas an 2650 BC HISTORY OFSCIENCETIMELINE 1000 BC 49

MODULE 1 50 MODULE 1 800 BC 600 BC 400 BC 200 BC c. 4BC c. CHRIST BIRTH OF 51

MODULE 1 52 MODULE 1 AD 1100 pre- AD 1100 AD 1200 AD 1300 AD 1400 AD 1500 53

MODULE 1 54 MODULE 1 AD 1600 AD 1700 AD 1800 AD 1900 AD 2000 55

MODULE 1 56 MODULE 1