Proper Basic Hoof Care
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Foot and Mouth Disease Fastfact
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) What is foot and mouth How does FMD affect my Who should I contact if I disease and what causes it? animal? suspect FMD? Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is The most common signs of foot Contact your veterinarian a highly contagious viral disease of and mouth disease are fever and immediately. FMD is not currently cloven-hoofed (two-toed) animals (e.g., the formation of blisters, ulcers and found in the United States; suspicion cattle, pigs, sheep). FMD causes painful sores on the mouth, tongue, nose, of the disease requires immediate sores and blisters on the feet, mouth feet, and teats. Foot lesions occur in attention. the area of the coronary band and and teats of animals. between the toes. Infected cattle are How can I protect my animal Foot and mouth disease is a high depressed, reluctant to move, and from FMD? consequence livestock disease due to unwilling or unable to eat, which can To prevent the introduction of FMD, its potential for rapid spread, severe lead to decreased milk production, use strict biosecurity procedures on trade restrictions and the subsequent weight loss, and poor growth. Affected your farm. Isolate any new introductions economic impacts that would result. animals may also have nasal discharge or animal returning to the farm for The disease occurs in parts of Asia, and excessive salivation. Pigs often several weeks before introducing them have sore feet but less commonly into the herd. Minimize visitors on Africa, the Middle East and South develop mouth lesions. Sheep and your farm, especially those that have America, but has been eradicated goats show very mild, if any, signs of traveled from countries with FMD. -
Introduction
Whether you enjoy horses as they roam INTRODUCTION around the yard, depend on them for getting From the Ground Up your work done, or engage in competitive Grab hold of most any equine publication and you enthusiasts have wri�en and spoken about proper sports, keeping up with the latest in health can witness the excitement building around research horse and hoof care, much of their advice has been of the equine hoof. We have marveled at its simplistic dismissed until more recently. Discussions of sound advancements will help you enjoy them for design and intricate functions for decades, yet this hoof management practices are once again coming more productive years. latest, fresh information renews our respect and to the forefront in the equine sports industry because enthusiasm for keeping those hooves healthy. Such lameness issues are so common and devastating to so facts surrounding hoof health and disease give us many top performance horses in the world. Careful an accurate perspective on what it takes to raise and study, observation and research is allowing us to have maintain healthy horses; the hooves are a window to horses that run faster, travel farther, jump higher, the horse’s state of health. We are steadily improving ride safer and live longer. Sharing this valuable in our horsemanship and making decisions which information with you is an honor and a privilege and keep our valuable partners from harm, allowing is part of an ongoing dedication to help horses stay or us to enjoy them for more years than we thought become healthier. -
Rangifer Tarandus) Hoof Suitable for Efficient Locomotion on Complex Grounds
J Vet Res 61, 223-229, 2017 DE DE GRUYTER OPEN DOI:10.1515/jvetres-2017-0029 G Macro-microscopic research in reideer (Rangifer tarandus) hoof suitable for efficient locomotion on complex grounds Rui Zhang, Yu Qiao, Qiaoli Ji, Songsong Ma, Jianqiao Li Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China [email protected] Received: November 25, 2016 Accepted: May 8, 2017 Abstract Introduction: Reindeer are adapted to long distance migration. This species can cope with variations in substrate, especially in ice and snow environment. However, few detailed studies about reindeer hoof are available. Thus this article describes the results of studies on macro- and micro-structures of reindeer hoof. Material and Methods: The gross anatomy of the reindeer hooves was examined. Stereo microscope (SM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe four key selected positions of reindeer hooves. Moreover, element contents of the three selected positions of reindeer hooves were analysed using the SEM equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope. Results: Hoof bone structures were similar to other artiodactyl animals. In the microscopic analysis, the surfaces of the ungula sphere and ungula sole presented irregular laminated structure. Ungula edge surfaces were smooth and ungula cusp surfaces had unique features. Aside from C, O, and N, reindeer hooves contained such elements as S, Si, Fe, Al, and Ca. The content of the elements in different parts varied. Ti was the particular element in the ungula sole, and ungula edge lacked Mg and S which other parts contained. -
AZA Ungulate TAG Midyear Meetings March 23-25, 2021 “Many Hooves, One Herd”
AZA Ungulate TAG Midyear Meetings March 23-25, 2021 “Many Hooves, One Herd” Tuesday March 23 - DAY 1 (All times are Eastern Standard Time) 11am-1pm Welcome, Overview, and Agenda for the Week – Moderator, Steve Metzler, Antelope, Cattle, Giraffid, and Camelid TAG Chair AZA Ungulate TAG Chair Briefings • Rhino TAG – Adam Eyres, TAG Chair, Fossil Rim Wildlife Center • Equid TAG – Tim Thier, TAG Chair, Saint Louis Zoo • Hippo, Peccary, Pig, and Tapir TAG – Martin Ramirez, TAG Chair, Woodland Park Zoo • Deer (Cervid/Tragulid) TAG – Michelle Hatwood, TAG Chair, Audubon Species Survival Center • Caprinae TAG – Gil Myers, TAG Chair, Smithsonian National Zoo • Antelope, Cattle, Giraffid, and Camelid (ACGC) TAG – Steve Metzler, TAG Chair, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance 1pm-2:30pm Animal Program Leaders Meeting 3pm-5pm The Future of SSPs and How it May Impact the Ungulate TAGs and Collection Planning – Presentations and Discussion, Moderator, Steve Metzler • Panelists, Dave Powell, Animal Population Management Committee, Saint Louis Zoo and Ungulate TAG Chairs Wednesday March 24 – DAY 2 (All times are Eastern Standard Time) 11am-1pm Reports from the Field Part 1 – Moderators, Wendy Enright and RoxAnna Breitigan, The Living Desert Zoo and Gardens • Peninsular Pronghorn Conservation Project – Melodi Tayles, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance • Large-antlered Muntjac CGF Grant – Michelle Hatwood, Audubon Species Survival Center • Action Indonesia Update – James Burton, IUCN Asian Wild Cattle Specialist Group • Saola Working Group activities - James Burton, -
Footrot in Sheep and Goats Lynn Pezzanite, Animal Sciences Student Dr
PURDUE EXTENSION Animal Sciences AS-596-W Footrot in Sheep and Goats Lynn Pezzanite, Animal Sciences Student Dr. Mike Neary, Small Ruminant Extension Specialist, Purdue University Terry Hutchens, Extension Goat Specialist, University of Kentucky Footrot is a costly disease in the sheep and goat warms to mud. Footrot is most prevalent and highly industry. Countless producers lose time and money contagious in wet, moist areas. When pastures have each year in an attempt to control it in their flock or been consistently wet with no dry spells there is a herd. If footrot becomes a problem, it takes much higher incidence of outbreaks. The ideal soil reservoir effort and labor to control symptoms and eliminate is high in moisture at temperatures between 50°F to it. However, footrot is a preventable disease with 70°F. attentive management. Symptoms Causes of Footrot Foot scald and footrot result in lameness, reduced Footrot is caused by the coexistence of two weight gain, decreased milk and wool production, gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, Fusobacterium and decreased reproductive capabilities as severely necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus (also infected animals are reluctant to move in order to feed. referred to as Bacteroides nodosus). Several different Affected animals often carry the affected leg or lie strains of D. nodosus affect both sheep and goats, down for extended periods, rubbing off the wool/hair and can also be carried by cattle, deer, and horses. In on their flanks, brisket, and knees. These conditions general, sheep are affected more severely than goats. result in production losses, treatment and prevention The bacteria Fusobacterium necrophorum causes costs, premature culling, and reduced sale value of a common disease known as foot scald. -
The Analysis of Sea Turtle and Bovid Keratin Artefacts Using Drift
Archaeometry 49, 4 (2007) 685–698 doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2007.00328.x BlackwellOxford,ARCHArchaeometry0003-813X©XXXORIGINALTheE. UniversityO. analysis Espinoza, UK Publishing ofofARTICLES seaB.Oxford, W. turtle LtdBaker 2007 and and bovid C. A.keratin THEBerry artefacts ANALYSIS OF SEA TURTLE AND BOVID KERATIN ARTEFACTS USING DRIFT SPECTROSCOPY AND DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS* E. O. ESPINOZA† and B. W. BAKER US National Fish & Wildlife Forensics Laboratory, 1490 E. Main St, Ashland, OR 97520, USA and C. A. BERRY Department of Chemistry, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520, USA We investigated the utility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for the analysis and identification of sea turtle (Family Cheloniidae) and bovid (Family Bovidae) keratins, commonly used to manufacture historic artefacts. Spectral libraries are helpful in determining the class of the material (i.e., keratin versus plastics), but do not allow for inferences about the species source of keratin. Mathematical post- processing of the spectra employing discriminant analysis provided a useful statistical tool to differentiate tortoiseshell from bovid horn keratin. All keratin standards used in this study (n = 35 Bovidae; n = 24 Cheloniidae) were correctly classified with the discriminant analysis. A resulting performance index of 95.7% shows that DRIFTS, combined with discriminant analysis, is a powerful quantitative technique for distinguishing sea turtle and bovid keratins commonly encountered in museum collections and the modern wildlife trade. KEYWORDS: KERATIN, DRIFT SPECTROSCOPY, DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS, X-RAY FLUORESCENCE, SEA TURTLE, BOVID, TORTOISESHELL, HORN, WILDLIFE FORENSICS INTRODUCTION The keratinous scutes of sea turtles and horn sheaths of bovids have been used for centuries in artefact manufacture (Aikin 1840; Ritchie 1975). -
Barefoot in the Rodeo Big Leagues
In this Issue: ™ Jordon peterson (Cont) ..... 2 Dave rabe ....................... 15 Healing Cracks .................. 2 Intro to Bar Wall ............. 16 From the editors ............... 3 shoe Contraction! ........... 17 eventing Akhal-Tekes ....... 4 Trimming Corner ............ 18 Dr. Bowker-Bone Loss ..... 7 Barefoot News ................ 21 A Day in the Life .............. 8 Order Form ..................... 21 Concave vs. Flat Feet ........ 9 Advertisers Corner .....23-24 Trimming into the Wind . 10 Online extras .............25-30 equine Frog p1 ............... 12 (Online Extras in PDF only) www.TheHorsesHoof.com News for Barefoot Hoofcare Issue 38 – spring 2010 Jordon peterson: Barefoot in the rodeo Big Leagues By Johnny Holder It becomes clear after speaking with Jordon that she is extremely confident in her barefoot his past December, Jordon Jae Peterson horse, and it is the kind of confidence that rode into rodeo history by becoming the comes only with experience. Jordon has ridden first barrel racer to compete at the pres- T barefoot horses almost half of her life. she and tigious Wrangler National Finals Rodeo on a Jester have successfully competed in arenas barefoot horse. When the dust settled, Jordon across the united states. They won the 2006 and her great horse Frenchmans Jester (AKA Barrel Futurities of America World Jester) finished in sixth place in the world Championships Futurity in Oklahoma City. standings. Their wins at professional rodeos include: win- They won the sixth go round, and placed in four Photo courtesy Jordon Peterson ning 1st in the deep sand footing at Odessa, more rounds. Their time of 13.72 in the sixth Texas; 1st at the Fort Worth stock show and round tied for the fourth fastest time recorded rodeo; 1st at ellensburg, Washington in the during the grueling ten day event. -
The Effect of Loading Upon Hoof Wall Growth and Hoof Shape in the Thoroughbred Foal
The effect of loading upon hoof wall growth and hoof shape in the Thoroughbred foal by Simon John Curtis A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Central Lancashire in collaboration with Myerscough College February, 2017 Declaration Concurrent registration for two or more academic awards: I declare that while registered as a candidate for the research degree, I have not been a registered candidate or enrolled student for another award of the University or other academic or professional institution. Material submitted for another award: I declare that no material contained in the thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work. Signature of Candidate; Type of Award; Doctor of Philosophy School; School of Sport and Wellbeing i Abstract The hoof wall is adapted to take most of the weight-bearing of the foot and is anisotropic and homogeneous. Foals appear to be born with symmetrical paired feet which by maturity are frequently unequal in angle and width. They stand within minutes of birth subjecting the hoof wall to loading. Hoof growth rate and hoof compression may be factors affecting hoof shape. The effect of conformation changes during maturation upon loading and differential hoof growth was unknown. The aims were to; quantify and evaluate the epidermal structure, hoof growth rate, hoof renewal, dorsal hoof wall angle, plastic hoof compression, and hoof loading, during paediatric development. Hoof growth rate, renewal, and hoof angle were recorded in foals (n=80) and weanlings/yearlings (n=12) and the hoof wall structure of histological samples of fetuses and paediatric foals (n=15) was determined. -
Mechanical Indices of Hoof Horn and Their Associations with Length Measurements and Lesion Scores
veterinary sciences Article Claw Characteristics of Culled Sows from Three Farrow-to-Finish Greek Farms. Part 2: Mechanical Indices of Hoof Horn and Their Associations with Length Measurements and Lesion Scores Sofia Chalvatzi 1,*, Georgios A. Papadopoulos 1 , Fotios Kroustallas 1 , Mihaela Cernat 2, Vassilis Skampardonis 2 , Christina Marouda 3, Vasileia Fotiadou 1, Vasileios Psychas 3, Theofilos Poutahidis 3, Leonidas Leontides 2 and Paschalis Fortomaris 1 1 Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] (G.A.P.); [email protected] (F.K.); [email protected] (V.F.); [email protected] (P.F.) 2 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Economics of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43132 Karditsa, Greece; [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (V.S.); [email protected] (L.L.) 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (V.P.); [email protected] (T.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Citation: Chalvatzi, S.; Papadopoulos, G.A.; Kroustallas, F.; Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanical indices of hoof horn Cernat, M.; Skampardonis, V.; and their association with length measurements and lesion score. The feet of 185 culled sows from Marouda, C.; Fotiadou, V.; Psychas, V.; Poutahidis, T.; Leontides, L.; et al. three Greek farms (A: 57 sows; B: 64 sows; C: 64 sows) were used. A slice from the dorsal wall of each Claw Characteristics of Culled Sows claw was used to assess by a three-point bending test the Young’s modulus, yield stress and aximum from Three Farrow-to-Finish Greek stress values. -
FOI Summary, Thianil (Thiafentanil Oxalate), MIF 900-000
Date of Index Listing: June 16, 2016 FREEDOM OF INFORMATION SUMMARY ORIGINAL REQUEST FOR ADDITION TO THE INDEX OF LEGALLY MARKETED UNAPPROVED NEW ANIMAL DRUGS FOR MINOR SPECIES MIF 900-000 THIANIL (thiafentanil oxalate) Captive non-food-producing minor species hoof stock “For immobilization of captive minor species hoof stock excluding any member of a food- producing minor species such as deer, elk, or bison and any minor species animal that may become eligible for consumption by humans or food-producing animals.” Requested by: Wildlife Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Freedom of Information Summary MIF 900-000 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GENERAL INFORMATION: ............................................................................. 1 II. EFFECTIVENESS AND TARGET ANIMAL SAFETY: .............................................. 1 A. Findings of the Qualified Expert Panel: ...................................................... 2 B. Literature Considered by the Qualified Expert Panel: ................................... 4 III. USER SAFETY: ............................................................................................. 6 IV. AGENCY CONCLUSIONS: .............................................................................. 7 A. Determination of Eligibility for Indexing: .................................................... 7 B. Qualified Expert Panel: ............................................................................ 7 C. Marketing Status: ................................................................................... 7 D. Exclusivity: -
Cattle, Sheep, Goats, and Horses: What’S the Difference for Working Rangelands?
ANR Publication 8524 | July 2015 http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu ckr li UNDERSTANDING WORKING RANGELANDS Cattle, Sheep, Goats, and Horses: What’s the Difference for Working Rangelands? : rrunaway/F Photo INTRODUCTION omestic livestock commonly raised in California include STEPHANIE LARSON, University of California Cooperative Extension Dcattle (bovines), sheep (ovines), goats (caprines), and County Director and Livestock horses (equines). Cattle, sheep, and goats can be used for Range Management Advisor, the production of meat or dairy products, depending on Sonoma County; SHEILA BARRY, their breed and management. Horses are kept primarily for University of California Cooperative recreation and for use in ranch work. Each livestock species has Extension County Director and Livestock Range Management dissimilar feed and husbandry needs, interacts with humans Advisor, San Francisco Bay Area; differently, and has varying effects on the land and vegetation. and LISA BUSH, Rangeland Livestock affect land and vegetation in several interrelated ways, Consultant. including removal of leaves, stems, and other plant parts; removal or redistribution of nutrients; and mechanical impacts on soil and plants through trampling (Vallentine 1990). All of these factors vary by animal species, depending on dietary preference, digestive system, mouth anatomy, and Working rangelands are public or privately owned open space lands that are managed with livestock grazing and rancher stewardship. Photo: Josh Mazgelis/Flickr Their management contributes to the production of a variety of ecosystem services, including food, clean water, weed control, wildlife habitat, fire fuel reduction, carbon sequestration, pollination, aesthetic views, cultural heritage, recreational and educational opportunities, and open space conservation. ANR Publication 8524 | UNDERSTANDING WORKING RANGELANDS – Cattle, Sheep, Goats, and Horses: What’s the Difference for Working Rangelands | July 2015 | 2 animal size and weight. -
Milky Mammals Let’S Learn About Dairy Cows
MILKY MAMMALS LET’S LEARN ABOUT DAIRY COWS TEACHERS: Your field trip to the farm will create opportunities for your stu- dents to observe a variety of animals found on a farm. These observations inspire students to ask questions, collect and document data for journal entries and science investigations. Each hands- on discovery assists in connecting and enhancing Next Generation Science Standards. Grade Level/Range: Grades K-5 OBJECTIVE Students will carefully observe a variety of mammals found on a farm and understand the characteristics of mammals. Students will learn that Holstein cows are a breed of dairy animals Students will connect dairy products purchased at the grocery store to the farm/farmer that produced them Students will understand making health choices will grow a strong body DRESS UP LIKE A COW One student will volunteer to dress up like a cow. (Scientific name Bos Taurus) We start with a black and white fur (or hair) apron because the student will be turned into a Holstein cow. Holstein cattle are one of the 6 most common breeds of dairy cows in the United States. Dairy cattle are designed to produce more milk rather than muscle mass for the beef industry. Holstein’s cattle are mammals and most mammals have hair/fur which is very important in keeping animals warm. Mammals are warm-blooded and it is important for them to maintain their body temperature to be healthy. I modi- fied the statement on mammals because humans are the only mammals that regulate their internal tem- perature through sweating. Humans are considered hairless, having some hair on the head, axillae and groin.