Experimental Philosophy
Forthcoming in Annual Review of Psychology Experimental Philosophy Joshua Knobe 1,2 , Wesley Buckwalter 3, Shaun Nichols 4, Philip Robbins 5, Hagop Sarkissian 6, and Tamler Sommers 7 1 Program in Cognitive Science, Yale University; 2 Department of Philosophy, Yale University; 3 Department of Philosophy, City University of New York, Graduate Center; 4 Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona; 5 Department of Philosophy, University of Missouri; 6 Department of Philosophy, City University of New York, Baruch College; 7 Department of Philosophy, University of Houston. Abstract Experimental philosophy is a new interdisciplinary field that uses methods normally associated with psychology to investigate questions normally associated with philosophy. The present review focuses on research in experimental philosophy on four central questions. First, why is it that people’s moral judgments appear to influence their intuitions about seemingly nonmoral questions? Second, do people think that moral questions have objective answers, or do they see morality as fundamentally relative? Third, do people believe in free will, and do they see free will as compatible with determinism? Fourth, how do people determine whether an entity is conscious? Keywords: moral psychology, moral relativism, free will, consciousness, causation. INTRODUCTION Contemporary work in philosophy is shot through with appeals to intuition. When a philosopher wants to understand the nature of knowledge or causation or free will, the usual approach is to begin by constructing a series of imaginary cases designed to elicit prereflective judgments about the nature of these phenomena. These prereflective judgments are then treated as important sources of evidence. This basic approach has been applied with great sophistication across a wide variety of different domains.
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