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The Naval Safety Center’s Aviation Magazine May-June 2005, Volume 50 No. 3 Features RADM Dick Brooks Commander, Naval Safety Center Alan Lewis Staff Executive Director John Mahoney Head, Communications and Marketing Naval Safety Center (757) 444-3520 (DSN 564) Dial the following extensions any time during the greeting Publications Fax (757) 444-6791 Focus on Hypoxia Approach Staff Jack Stewart Editor 6 My Decision Matrix [email protected] Ext. 7257 By Lt. Brad Gilroy Allan Amen Graphics, Design & Layout Don’t underestimate the value of pressure-chamber [email protected] Ext. 7248 Ginger Rives Distribution (Magazines and Posters) training. [email protected] Ext. 7256 Capt. Ken Neubauer Aviation Safety Programs [email protected] Ext. 7225 8 Are You a Hypoxia Expert? Kimball Thompson EA, Aviation Safety Programs By Cdr. Kevin E. Brooks, MD, MPH [email protected] Ext. 7226 Cdr. Deke Forbes Aircraft Operations Division Here’s a chance to test your hypoxia IQ. [email protected] Ext. 7203 Cdr. Chuck Huff Aircraft Mishap Investigation Division [email protected] Ext. 7236 10 Hypoxia in the Hornet Capt. Nicholas Webster Aeromedical Division By Lt. Greg Ostrander [email protected] Ext. 7228 What we know, and what we’re doing to reduce hypoxia Analysts incidents. Cdr. Mike Scavone Carrier Branch Head, EA-6B, S-3, T-45 , F-14 [email protected] Ext. 7272 Cdr. John Morrison E-2, C-2 [email protected] Ext. 7212 Maj. “Spool” McCann, USMC AV-8B, ARSAG, NVD 13 Oxygen Para-what? [email protected] Ext. 7216 LCdr.Marc “Milt” Carlson FA-18 By Lt. Greg Ostrander [email protected] Ext. 7217 Do you know about the oxygen paradox phenomenon? LCdr. Bruce Bicknell F-16, F-5, T-38, F-4, T-2, UAV [email protected] Ext. 7274 Cdr. “Buc” Owens Shore-Based Branch Head, P-3, EP-3, C-130, E-6B, C-9, C-40 [email protected] Ext. 7210 Improved Hypoxia Training for Jet Refreshers Lt. Michael Ellingson C-12, T-6 (JPATS), T-34, T-39, T-44, Flying Club, 14 USN H-53E, C-20, C-35, C-26, C-37 By Lt. Anthony Artino and HM1 Stephanie O’Brien [email protected] Ext. 7281 The Naval Survival Training Institute has a way to Cdr. Bob Lucas H-2, H-3, H-60 [email protected] Ext. 7207 improve hypoxia training. LtCol. Jon MacCartney CH-46E, V-22, USMC CH-53 [email protected] Ext. 7281 Capt. “Fancy” Shea, USMC AH-1 UH-1N, UH-1, H-57, NVG [email protected] Ext. 7266 Lt. Scott Harvey USN H-46D 16 Investigating Hypoxia [email protected] Ext. 7208 LCdr. Frederick B. Hoo Facilities Branch, Fuels By Dave Clark and Maj. Chuck Megown, USMC [email protected] Ext. 7281 Tracing the cause of a mishap to hypoxia is a challenge ACCS (AW/SW) Leslee McPherson ATC [email protected] Ext. 7282 for our investigators. ABEC (AW/SW) John Timko ALRE/Air Terminal [email protected] Ext. 7279 ABE2 Samuel Phillips ALRE/Air Terminal [email protected] Ext. 7276 18 Feeling Drunk on Thanksgiving Mishaps waste our time and resources. They take our Sailors, Marines and civilian employees By Lt. Matt Hooker away from their units and workplaces and put them in hospitals, wheelchairs and coffins. Mishaps A Hawkeye pilot recognizes all the tell-tale signs of ruin equipment and weapons. They diminish our readiness. This magazine’s goal is to help make sure that personnel can devote their time and energy to the mission, and that any losses are due to hypoxia and reaches for the oxygen mask. enemy action, not to our own errors, shortcuts or failure to manage risk. We believe there is only one way to do any task: the way that follows the rules and takes precautions against hazards. Combat is hazardous enough; the time to learn to do a job right is before combat starts. Approach (ISSN 1094-0405) is published bimonthly by Commander, Naval Safety Center, and is 20 What Is He Doing? an authorized publication for members of the Department of Defense. Contents are not necessarily the official views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. By LCdr. Mike Fitzpatrick Navy. Photos and artwork are representative and do not necessarily show the people or equipment A slow, unintentional descent allows Hornet pilot to discussed. We reserve the right to edit all manuscripts. Reference to commercial products does not imply Navy endorsement. Unless otherwise stated, material in this magazine may be reprinted regain consciousness. without permission; please credit the magazine and author. Approach is available for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. Telephone credit card orders can be made 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Eastern time at (202) 512-1800.Periodicals postage paid at Norfolk, Va., and additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Approach, Code 73A, Naval Safety Center, 375 A Street Discover Approach online at: Norfolk, VA 23511-4399 WWW.safetycenter.navy.mil/media/approach Send articles and letters to the address above, or via e-mail to the editor, [email protected]. On the cover: This issue focuses on hypoxia. Aviators training in the pressure chamber. 30 CRM: Ditching Into the Deep By LCdr. Bill Mellen Today could be the day you fight for survival. Photo Composite Departments 22 The Night Shift: 2 Admiral’s Corner Can We Completely Adapt and How? By LCdr. Mike Staier, USCG How Are We Doing? Here’s an update on the aviation-mishap rate. Aviation is not a 9 to 5 job. Can you be on top of your game no matter what the clock says? 3 Work Zone 26 Road Trip The ORM and Fundamentals Campaign: Get a By LCdr. Donald E. Kennedy Triangulation Fix Poor decisions almost killed a 19-year-old. By Cdr. Buc Owens, Cdr. Darryl Barrickman, and Lt. Scott Harvey 29 Paying Homage to the FOD God By PR1 Thomas Leadingham 25 Mishap-Free Milestones Find out where all that FOD comes from. IBC ORM Corner—Best Practices May-June Thanks Information for continual improvement. Here are several best practices worth sharing. Thanks for helping with this issue… Lt.Don Hughes, HSL-44 LCdr. Brad Bloye, VFC-12 LCdr. Will Powers, VFA-37 BC Ready Room Gouge Lt. Marcus Cole, VAW-113 Lt. Taylor George, NSC Admiral’s Corner From Commander, Naval Safety Center he Navy Safety is truly tragic because there is training and rules in Campaign Plan has place to have prevented the mishaps. Every one of us been distributed to who wears the wings of gold must continue to follow the Tall commands. The cam- rules created to keep us safe, and to lead those under paign motto is “Work, Play, our charge. Live,” emphasizing the 24/7 As leaders, we must enforce the rules that govern nature of risk. It focuses heavily on three key areas that the way we fly; when we don’t, we gradually move produce approximately 75 percent of all Navy/Marine away from safe practices. This migration is like ter- Corps fatalities, injuries, and costs: traffic (the leading mites in the wood of our safety culture; it invisibly cause of death for service personnel), recreational/off- but gradually eats into the core, destroying it from duty (which cause the highest number of injuries) and the inside out. We don’t realize the damage that has aviation (costliest in terms of dollars, and too often the been done until a major mishap occurs—one that was result of some form of human error). preventable. This issue contains information to support the I challenge all of us as Navy or Marine officers and Navy Safety Campaign Plan. To help reduce human aviation professionals to improve our safety culture. Set errors and to provide the tools each command can use the example by relearning and following NATOPS. We in mishap prevention, the Work Zone section features are the greatest fighting force the world has ever seen. information on the ORM and Fundamentals Campaign. Permitting any erosion of our safety culture will degrade Recently, hypoxia incidents have reemphasized how our effectiveness, result in the loss of skilled aircrew and dangerous and costly this medical condition can be. Our assets, and impact our combat readiness. aeromedical staff wants everyone to get informed, so we Take on board the information in the Navy Safety have devoted much of this issue to hypoxia. Campaign Plan (available at: www.safetycenter.navy. Hypoxia long has been and will continue to be a mil/mishapreduction/campaignplan/) and use the significant hazard in aviation. Year after year, we rewrite resources provided in this issue. lesson plans, to again and again reemphasize age-old information on hypoxia hazards. Why must we relearn old lessons about using protective systems and rules that prevent hypoxia from occurring? I have reviewed the last three mishaps where young aviators lost their lives as a result of hypoxia. Each loss RADM Dick Brooks How are we doing? Aviation (Rates = Mishaps Per 100,000 Flight Hours) Class-A Flight Mishaps (FY05 thru 20 May) Service Current Rate FY04 FY05 Goal* FY02-04 Avg Fighter/Attack Helo thru 20 May 04 USN: 11/1.79 8/1.24 10/0.88 19.7/1.77 4/2.63 5/4.24 USMC: 4/1.68 10/4.79 7/1.94 14.7/3.96 3/3.14 1/.86 * Goals based on FY02 baseline.