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Fish Remains from the Karlo Site (CA-Las-7), Lassen County, California

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Fish Remains from the Karlo Site (CA-Las-7), Lassen County, California UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Title Fish Remains from the Karlo Site (CA-Las-7), Lassen County, California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7s19v1kx Journal Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 2(1) ISSN 0191-3557 Author Follett, W. I Publication Date 1980-07-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Vol. 2, No. I, pp. 114-122(1980). Fish Remains from the Karlo Site (CA-Las-T), Lassen County, California W. I. FOLLETT HIS paper describes fish remains included Traversing the flat is a small tributary of Tamong the archaeological materials Secret Creek that originates in two small recovered from the Karlo site (CA-Las-7), springs on the south side of Snowstorm Moun­ Lassen County, California, during the summer tain. This tributary apparently carries perma­ of 1955 by Francis A. Riddell and his associ­ nent water for a distance of 1.8 km. from its ates, of the University of California Archaeo­ source and then becomes intermittent for a logical Survey (Riddell 19566:63, 1960^:3). In distance of 3.4 km. to its junction with Secret using this designation rather than Las-7, which Creek. Downstream from that junction, Secret was used for the Karlo site by Riddell Creek joins Willow Creek, which, originating (1960a:2), I follow Heizer (1968). in large springs a little more than 1.6 km. east of Eagle Lake, flows into Susan River, the THE SITE major tributary of intermittent Honey Lake. The Karlo site is in Secret Valley, some­ Dense submerged beds of aquatic herbs, what more than 24 km, north of Honey Lake, including Leafy Pondweed (Potamogeton in the western part of the Lake Lahontan foliosus Raf.) and Sego Pondweed (P. pec- hydrographic basin (see Russell 1885:P1. IV). tinatus L.), provide cover for numerous small The site is located in Section 7, Township 31 fishes in Secret Creek and its tributary. North, Range 15 East, Mount Diablo meridian A radiocarbon age of 2350+150 '''C years (U.S. Geological Survey, Karlo Quadrangle, B.P. (=150-775 B.C.; computed from a sched­ 1954); its elevation is about 1357 m. Secret ule correlating '"C years B.P. with Bristlecone Valley is within the Upper Sonoran Zone Pine dates in calendar years) was based on (Grinnell, Dixon, and Linsdale 1930:Fig. 2) in charcoal recovered in 1955 from the Karlo site a sandy flat among Western Juniper (Jun­ at a depth of ca. 60 to 90 cm. below the surface iperus occidentalis Hook.), extensive stands of (see Hubbs, Bien, and Suess 1960:211). Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.), con­ The archaeology of the Karlo site was siderable Rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus discussed by Riddell (1956a:45-47, \956b, nauseosus [Pall.] Britton), and occasional 1958:44, 1960a; see also Meighan 1959:295; Greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus [Hook.] Lanning 1963:275.) The site was within the Torr.). ethnographic territory of the wadddikadi- W. I. Follett, Curator Emeritus of Ichthyology, California Northern Paiute (Riddell 1960a:l, as Academv of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118. Waddtkut). [114] FISH REMAINS FROM THE KARLO SITE 15 Fish remains from the Karlo site are deposited in the Lowie Museum of Anthro­ pology, University of California, Berkeley. FISHES REPRESENTED Fishes of five species, four genera, and three families appear to be represented. The fish remains comprise 35 disarticu­ lated vertebrae and one lower pharyngeal; nearly all are incomplete or fragmentary. Twenty remains (representing 5 species) were recovered from a depth of 0-30 cm.; 12 (4 species) from 30-61 cm.; and 4 (2 species) from Vertebral centrum (thoracic), 8.0 mm. long and 61-91 cm. 12.0 mm. wide, of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout The length of a fish indicates total length (Salmo clarkii henshawi); representing a fish (tip of snout to tip of longest caudal ray). The ca. 84 cm. in length and perhaps 8.5 kg. in weight; width of a vertebra (or its centrum) indicates from a depth of 61 -91 cm. the horizontal diameter. Common and scientific names of Cali­ fornia fishes follow those listed by Hubbs, Follett, and Dempster (1979). The spelling "Kuyui" has been used for Chasmistes cujus by anthropologists, at least since 1881 (see Hodge 1907:743); the spelling "Cui-ui," used by ichthy­ ologists, may have originated with Snyder (1917:50). Trouts—Salmonidae The Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarku henshawi Gill and Jordan), an excellent Vertebral centrum (caudal), 6.2 mm. long and food fish (see Holder 1912:Fig. 54, as Salmo 8.8 mm. wide, of Eagle Lake Rainbow Trout henshawi tahoensis), was known to the (Salmo gairdnerii aquilarum); representing a fish Northern Paiute as agdi (ho-ad and Harrington ca. 61 cm. in length and perhaps 2.6 kg. in weight; from a depth of 30-61 cm. 1929:157). Material. Six vertebral centra (one shown were presumably captured in the lower in Fig. 1), 4.6 to 8.0 mm. long and 6.5 to Truckee River or in Pyramid Lake or in Winne­ 12.0 mm. wide, representing trout ca. 46 to 84 mucca Lake, where this trout was once cm. in length and perhaps 0.7 to 8.5 kg. in abundant. weight; 5 centra from a depth of 0-30 cm., I The Eagle Lake Rainbow Trout (Salmo from 61-91 cm. Two other centra, ca. 7.2 and gairdnerii aquilarum Snyder), an excellent ca. 8.0 mm. long and 9.5 and 10.7 mm. wide, food fish (see Snyder 1917:Fig. 7, as Salmo from a depth of 0-30 cm., are doubtfully re­ aquilarum), may have been known to the ferred to this trout. Northern Paiute as agdi, as was the Lahontan Provenience. Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Cutthroat Trout. 116 JOURNAL OF CALIFORNIA AND GREAT BASIN ANTHROPOLOGY Material. Two vertebral centra (the larger Material. A left lower pharyngeal (Fig. 3), shown in Fig. 2), 5.3 and 6.2 mm. long and ca. 14.3 mm. long, represents a Tui Chub ca. 19 cm. 6.8 and 8.8 mm. wide, representing trout ca. 51 in length and perhaps 90 g. in weight; from a and 61 cm. in length and perhaps 1.5 and 2.6 kg. depth of 0-30 cm. A vertebra, 4.5 mm. long and in weight; from depths of 0-30 cm. and 30-61 5.0 mm. wide, from a depth of 30-61 cm., is cm. (An adult male Eagle Lake Rainbow Trout doubtfully referred to the Tui Chub. 61 cm. long that I snagged with a weighted Provenience. Tui Chub could presumably treble hook on May 9, 1931, in Eagle Lake at have been captured in nearly any of the lakes or the mouth of Pine Creek, weighed 2.6 kg.) The streams of the Lahontan basin, including ridges extending more or less horizontally Susan River (see Snyder 1917:84, as Siphateles along the sides of these two centra agree in obesus and as Leucidiuspectinifer) and Willow shape and arrangement with those on four Creek (see Rutter 1903:147, as Rutilus centra of a paratype (Stanford Nat. Hist. Mus. olivaceus). Cat. No. 13575, now on deposit with the Cali­ fornia Academy of Sciences). Suckers—Catostomidae Provenience. Eagle Lake Rainbow Trout were presumably captured in Pine Creek on The Tahoe Sucker (Catostomus tahoensis their spawning migration from Eagle Lake, Gill and Jordan), figured by Snyder (19I7:Fig. where this trout was endemic. 1, as Catostomus arenarius), was known to the Northern Paiute as ahvdagu (Loud and Minnows—Cyprinidae Harrington 1929:156, as awago). It is a good- tasting and easily prepared fish (La Rivers The Tui Chub (Gila bicolor [Girard]), 1962:357). photographed by Follett (1967: PI. 5), was known to the Northern Paiute as tui pak'f Material. A first vertebra (Fig. 4), 2.0 mm. (Loud and Harrington 1929:156, as tui- long and 8.2 mm. wide, represents a sucker ca. pagwf). Although bony, this minnow is well 41 cm. in length and perhaps 0.7 kg. in weight; regarded as a food fish if cooked immediately from a depth of 0-30 cm. Three vertebrae 5.1 to after being caught (Kimsey 1954:406). 5.3 mm. long and 6.0 to 7.7 mm. wide, from depths of 0-30 cm. and 30-61 cm., are doubt­ fully referred to the Tahoe Sucker. Provenience. The Tahoe Sucker could presumably have been captured in nearly any of the lakes or streams of the Lahontan basin (see Snyder 1917:84). Of these, however, the most likely would seem to be Secret Creek or its tributary that passes but a short distance from the Karlo site. During periods of high water, Tahoe Suckers presumably ascended into that tributary from Secret Creek, or perhaps from as far downstream as Willow Creek or Susan River (see Rutter 1903:147). Lower pharyngeal (left), 14.3 mm. long, of Tui Chub (Gila bicolor); representing a fish ca. 19 cm. (On May 24, 1958, I dipnetted a Tahoe Sucker in length and perhaps 90 g. in weight; from a 17 cm. long [Calif. Acad. Sci. Cat. No. 26318] depth of 0-30 cm. in that tributary.) FISH REMAINS FROM THE KARLO SITE 17 Fig. 4. First vertebra, 2.0 mm. long and 8.2 mm. wide, Fig. 5. Vertebra (caudal), 7.5 mm. long and 9.3 mm. of Tahoe Sucker (Catostomus tahoensis); repre­ wide, of Kuyui (Chasmistes cujus); representing senting a fish ca. 41 cm. in length and perhaps a fish ca. 58 cm. in length and perhaps 2.3 kg.
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