Germania Anzeiger Der Römisch - Germanischen Kommission Des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts

GERMANIA ANZEIGER DER RÖMISCH - GERMANISCHEN KOMMISSION DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS

JAHRGANG 96 2018 1.–2. HALBBAND

PDF-Dokument des gedruckten Beitrags

Rainer Arzbach

Rezension / Review / Compte rendu

Ökonomie der Eliten. Eine Studie zur Interpretation wirtschaftsarchäologischer Funde und Befunde von mittelalterlichen Herrschaftssitzen.

SCHRIFTLEITUNG FRANKFURT A. M. PALMENGARTENSTRASSE 10–12

GEBR. MANN VERLAG · BERLIN MIT 86 TEXTABBILDUNGEN UND 13 TABELLEN Inhalt

Aufsätze / Articles

Lefranc, Philippe / Strahm, Christian / van Willigen, Samuel / Féliu, Clément / Wörle-Soares, Marie / Hildebrand, Erwin / Hubert, Vera, Neue Metallurgiebelege im Jungneolithikum in der Oberrheinebene: Die Funde von Colmar „Aérodrome“ und Eckwersheim „Burgweg“ ...... 1 Brozio, Jan Piet, Zur absoluten Chronologie der Einzelgrabkultur in Nord- Die wissenschaftlichen Beiträge in der Germania unterliegen dem Peer-Review- deutschland und Nordjütland ...... 45 Verfahren durch auswärtige Gutachterinnen und Gutachter. Contributions to Germania are subject to peer review process by external referees. Chaume, Bruno / Dedet, Bernard, Tracking down the story of the discovery of Tous les textes présentés à la revue « Germania » sont soumis the Vix princely burial: new results ...... 93 à des rapporteurs externes à la RGK. Färber, Roland, Neue Inschriften aus Nida (Frankfurt-Heddernheim): Monu- mente für Jupiter, ein Veteran und ein Dekurio ...... 139 Grünewald, Martin, Studien zur Bevölkerungsdichte und Migration in Ober- germanien und Raetien. Ein Überblick anhand ausgewählter Gräberfelder . . 159 Roxburgh, Marcus / Olli, Maarja, Eyes to the North: a multi-element analysis of copper-alloy eye brooches in the eastern Baltic, produced during the Roman Iron Age ...... 209

Aufsätze / Articles

Der Abonnementpreis beträgt 30,80 € pro Jahrgang. Bestellungen sind direkt an den Verlag zu richten. Mitglieder des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts und Studierende der Altertumswissenschaften können die Germania zum Diskussionen / Discussions Vorzugspreis von 15,40 € abonnieren. Studierende werden gebeten, ihre Bestel- lungen mit einer Studienbescheinigung an die Schriftleitung zu richten. Wir Grunwald, Susanne, Archäologie im ehemaligen Ostpreußen als wissenschaftsge- bitten weiterhin, die Beendigung des Studiums und Adressänderungen unver- schichtliche Herausforderung ...... 235 züglich sowohl dem Verlag ([email protected]) als auch der Redaktion ([email protected]) mitzuteilen, damit die fristgerechte Lieferung gewährleistet werden kann. Rezensionen / Reviews / Comptes rendus ISBN 978-3-7861-2830-4 Grünberg, Judith / Gramsch, Bernhard / Larsson, Lars / Orschiedt, Jörg / ISSN 0016-8874 Meller, Harald (Red.), Mesolithic Burials – Rites, Symbols and Social Orga- © 2019 by Römisch-Germanische Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Frankfurt a.M. nisation of Early Post-Glacial Communities. Mesolithische Bestattungen – Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin Riten, Symbole und soziale Organisation früher postglazialer Gemeinschaften Verantwortlicher Redakteur Alexander Gramsch, Römisch-Germanische Kommission (Almut Schülke)...... 245 Graphische Betreuung Kirstine Ruppel, Römisch-Germanische Kommission Collina, Carmine, Le Néolithique ancien en Italie du Sud. Evolution des indus- Formalredaktion Nadine Baumann, Bonn; Ulrike Rambuscheck, Hannover; tries lithiques entre VIIe et VIe millénaire (Paolo Biagi)...... 250 Candida La Russa, Römisch-Germanische Kommission Die Schlagwörter werden nach der ZENON-Schlagwortsystematik vergeben. Satz und Druck Bonifatius GmbH, Paderborn Printed in Germany Amkreutz, Luc / Haack, Fabian / Hofmann, Daniela / van Wijk, Ivo (Hrsg.), Wamser, Ludwig, Mauenheim und Bargen, Zwei Grabhügelfelder der Hallstatt- Something Out of the Ordinary? Interpreting Diversity in the Early Neolithic und Frühlatènezeit aus dem nördlichen Hegau (Bettina Arnold) ...... 316 Linearbandkeramik and Beyond (Thomas Link)...... 252 Krausse, Dirk / Fernández-Götz, Manuel / Hansen, Leif / Kretschmer, Inga, Ramminger, Britta (ed.), Niederdorfelden “Auf dem Hainspiel”. Eine (ganz nor- The Heuneburg and the Early Iron Age Princely Seats: First Towns North of the male) Siedlung der älteren bis mittleren Bandkeramik im hessischen Main-Kin- Alps (Katja Winger) ...... 320 zig-Kreis (Michael Ilett) ...... 256 Danielisová, Alžběta / Fernández-Götz, Manuel (Hrsg.), Persistent Economic Zeeb-Lanz, Andrea (Hrsg.), Ritualised Destruction in the Early Neolithic. The Ways of Living. Production, Distribution, and Consumption in Late Prehistory Exceptional Site of Herxheim (Palatinate, Germany) (Isabel Hohle) . . . . . 261 and Early History (Robert Schumann) ...... 322 Pétrequin, Anne-Marie / Pétrequin, Pierre (eds), Clairvaux et le “Néolithique Robertson, Peter, Iron Age Hillfort Defences and the Tactics of Sling Warfare Moyen Bourguignon” Vol. 1 and 2 (Laurence Manolakakis) ...... 266 (Andy Reymann) ...... 327 Salisbury, Roderick B., Soilscapes in Archaeology. Settlement and Social Organiz- Hunter, Fraser / Ralston, Ian (Hrsg.), Scotland in Later Prehistoric Europe ation in the Neolithic of the Great Hungarian Plain (Marko Porčić). . . . . 269 (Olivier Büchsenschütz) ...... 331 Bondár, Mária, The Late Copper Age Cemetery at Pilismarót-Basaharc. István Nieuwhof, Annet, Eight human skulls in a dung heap and more. Ritual practice in Torma’s Excavations (1967, 1969–1972) (Marek Nowak) ...... 272 the terp region of the northern Netherlands 600 BC–AD 300 (Frauke Mohr- winkel) ...... 334 Laporte, Luc / Scarre, Chris (Hrsg.), The Megalithic Architectures of Europe (Johanna Brinkmann) ...... 277 Keller, Ralf, Die Siedlung der Eisenzeit und Römischen Kaiserzeit im “Reißwag” bei Lauda-Königshofen im Taubertal (Piotr Łuczkiewicz)...... 339 Iversen, Rune, The Transformation of Neolithic Societies. An Eastern Danish Per- spective on the 3rd Millennium BC (Martin Furholt) ...... 281 Istvánovits, Eszter / Kulcsár, Valéria, Sarmatians – History and Archaeology of a Forgotten People (Michel Kazanski) ...... 343 Gori, Maja, Along the Rivers and Through the Mountains. A revised chrono-cultural framework for the south-western Balkans during the late 3rd and early 2nd Bellón Ruiz, Juan Pedro / Ruiz Rodríguez, Arturo / Molinos Molinos, millenium BCE (Laura Dietrich) ...... 285 Manuel / Rueda Galán, Carmen / Gómez Cabeza, Francisco (Hrsg.), La Segunda Guerra Púnica en la península ibérica. Baecula: arqueología de una Matarazzo, Tiziana, Micromorphological Analysis of Activity Areas sealed by batalla (Martin Luik)...... 347 Vesu vius’ Avellino Eruption: The Early Bronze Age Village of Afragola in Southern Italy (Philippe Rentzel) ...... 288 Seiler, Stephan, Die Entwicklung der römischen Villenwirtschaft im Trierer Land. Agrarökonomische und infrastrukturelle Untersuchungen eines römischen Klontza-Jaklová, Věra, What’s Wrong? Hard Science and Humanities – Tackling Wirtschaftsgebietes (Gerda von Bülow) ...... 351 the Question of the Absolute Chronology of the Santorini Eruption (Peter Tóth) ...... 290 Fünfschilling, Sylvia, Die römischen Gläser aus Augst und Kaiseraugst. Kom- mentierter Formenkatalog und ausgewählte Neufunde 1981–2010 aus Augusta Gorogianni, Evi / Pavúk, Peter / Girella, Luca (Hrsg.), Beyond Thalassocracies. Raurica (Michael J. Klein) ...... 355 Understanding Processes of Minoanisation and Mycenaeanisation in the Aegean (Sebastian Traunmüller) ...... 294 Sedlmayer, Helga, Große Thermen, Palästra, Macellum und Schola im Zentrum der Colonia Carnuntum (Hans-Peter Kuhnen) ...... 358 von Rüden, Constance / Georgiou, Artemis / Jacobs, Ariane / Halstead, Paul, Feasting, Craft and Depositional Practice in Late Bronze Age Palaepa- Breeze, David, Bearsden. A Roman Fort on the Antonine Wall (Christoph Rum- phos. The Well Fillings of Evreti (Tobias Mühlenbruch) ...... 297 mel) ...... 362 Knapp, A. Bernard / van Dommelen, Peter (Hrsg.), The Cambridge Prehistory Gottschalk, Raymund, Spätrömische Gräber im Umland von Köln (Harry van of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean (Philipp W. Stockhammer) . . 302 Enckevort) ...... 365 Öhlinger, Birgit, Ritual und Religion im Archaischen Sizilien. Formations- und Rubel, Alexander, Religion und Kult der Germanen (Sigmund Oehrl). . . . . 369 Transformationsprozesse binnenländischer Kultorte im Kontext kultureller Dübner, Daniel, Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung und Struktur der frühge- Kontakte (Peter Attema)...... 307 schichtlichen Siedlung Flögeln im Elbe-Weser-Dreieck (Hans-Jörg Karlsen) 373 Keller, Christin, Die Rekonstruktion sozialer Gruppen der Hallstattzeit zwischen Nüsse, Hans-Jörg, Haus, Gehöft und Siedlung im Norden und Westen der Ger- Enns und Donau. Eine statistische Analyse (Holger Wendling) ...... 311 mania magna (Ingo Eichfeld) ...... 376 Amkreutz, Luc / Haack, Fabian / Hofmann, Daniela / van Wijk, Ivo (Hrsg.), Wamser, Ludwig, Mauenheim und Bargen, Zwei Grabhügelfelder der Hallstatt- Something Out of the Ordinary? Interpreting Diversity in the Early Neolithic und Frühlatènezeit aus dem nördlichen Hegau (Bettina Arnold) ...... 316 Linearbandkeramik and Beyond (Thomas Link)...... 252 Krausse, Dirk / Fernández-Götz, Manuel / Hansen, Leif / Kretschmer, Inga, Ramminger, Britta (ed.), Niederdorfelden “Auf dem Hainspiel”. Eine (ganz nor- The Heuneburg and the Early Iron Age Princely Seats: First Towns North of the male) Siedlung der älteren bis mittleren Bandkeramik im hessischen Main-Kin- Alps (Katja Winger) ...... 320 zig-Kreis (Michael Ilett) ...... 256 Danielisová, Alžběta / Fernández-Götz, Manuel (Hrsg.), Persistent Economic Zeeb-Lanz, Andrea (Hrsg.), Ritualised Destruction in the Early Neolithic. The Ways of Living. Production, Distribution, and Consumption in Late Prehistory Exceptional Site of Herxheim (Palatinate, Germany) (Isabel Hohle) . . . . . 261 and Early History (Robert Schumann) ...... 322 Pétrequin, Anne-Marie / Pétrequin, Pierre (eds), Clairvaux et le “Néolithique Robertson, Peter, Iron Age Hillfort Defences and the Tactics of Sling Warfare Moyen Bourguignon” Vol. 1 and 2 (Laurence Manolakakis) ...... 266 (Andy Reymann) ...... 327 Salisbury, Roderick B., Soilscapes in Archaeology. Settlement and Social Organiz- Hunter, Fraser / Ralston, Ian (Hrsg.), Scotland in Later Prehistoric Europe ation in the Neolithic of the Great Hungarian Plain (Marko Porčić). . . . . 269 (Olivier Büchsenschütz) ...... 331 Bondár, Mária, The Late Copper Age Cemetery at Pilismarót-Basaharc. István Nieuwhof, Annet, Eight human skulls in a dung heap and more. Ritual practice in Torma’s Excavations (1967, 1969–1972) (Marek Nowak) ...... 272 the terp region of the northern Netherlands 600 BC–AD 300 (Frauke Mohr- winkel) ...... 334 Laporte, Luc / Scarre, Chris (Hrsg.), The Megalithic Architectures of Europe (Johanna Brinkmann) ...... 277 Keller, Ralf, Die Siedlung der Eisenzeit und Römischen Kaiserzeit im “Reißwag” bei Lauda-Königshofen im Taubertal (Piotr Łuczkiewicz)...... 339 Iversen, Rune, The Transformation of Neolithic Societies. An Eastern Danish Per- spective on the 3rd Millennium BC (Martin Furholt) ...... 281 Istvánovits, Eszter / Kulcsár, Valéria, Sarmatians – History and Archaeology of a Forgotten People (Michel Kazanski) ...... 343 Gori, Maja, Along the Rivers and Through the Mountains. A revised chrono-cultural framework for the south-western Balkans during the late 3rd and early 2nd Bellón Ruiz, Juan Pedro / Ruiz Rodríguez, Arturo / Molinos Molinos, millenium BCE (Laura Dietrich) ...... 285 Manuel / Rueda Galán, Carmen / Gómez Cabeza, Francisco (Hrsg.), La Segunda Guerra Púnica en la península ibérica. Baecula: arqueología de una Matarazzo, Tiziana, Micromorphological Analysis of Activity Areas sealed by batalla (Martin Luik)...... 347 Vesu vius’ Avellino Eruption: The Early Bronze Age Village of Afragola in Southern Italy (Philippe Rentzel) ...... 288 Seiler, Stephan, Die Entwicklung der römischen Villenwirtschaft im Trierer Land. Agrarökonomische und infrastrukturelle Untersuchungen eines römischen Klontza-Jaklová, Věra, What’s Wrong? Hard Science and Humanities – Tackling Wirtschaftsgebietes (Gerda von Bülow) ...... 351 the Question of the Absolute Chronology of the Santorini Eruption (Peter Tóth) ...... 290 Fünfschilling, Sylvia, Die römischen Gläser aus Augst und Kaiseraugst. Kom- mentierter Formenkatalog und ausgewählte Neufunde 1981–2010 aus Augusta Gorogianni, Evi / Pavúk, Peter / Girella, Luca (Hrsg.), Beyond Thalassocracies. Raurica (Michael J. Klein) ...... 355 Understanding Processes of Minoanisation and Mycenaeanisation in the Aegean (Sebastian Traunmüller) ...... 294 Sedlmayer, Helga, Große Thermen, Palästra, Macellum und Schola im Zentrum der Colonia Carnuntum (Hans-Peter Kuhnen) ...... 358 von Rüden, Constance / Georgiou, Artemis / Jacobs, Ariane / Halstead, Paul, Feasting, Craft and Depositional Practice in Late Bronze Age Palaepa- Breeze, David, Bearsden. A Roman Fort on the Antonine Wall (Christoph Rum- phos. The Well Fillings of Evreti (Tobias Mühlenbruch) ...... 297 mel) ...... 362 Knapp, A. Bernard / van Dommelen, Peter (Hrsg.), The Cambridge Prehistory Gottschalk, Raymund, Spätrömische Gräber im Umland von Köln (Harry van of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean (Philipp W. Stockhammer) . . 302 Enckevort) ...... 365 Öhlinger, Birgit, Ritual und Religion im Archaischen Sizilien. Formations- und Rubel, Alexander, Religion und Kult der Germanen (Sigmund Oehrl). . . . . 369 Transformationsprozesse binnenländischer Kultorte im Kontext kultureller Dübner, Daniel, Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung und Struktur der frühge- Kontakte (Peter Attema)...... 307 schichtlichen Siedlung Flögeln im Elbe-Weser-Dreieck (Hans-Jörg Karlsen) 373 Keller, Christin, Die Rekonstruktion sozialer Gruppen der Hallstattzeit zwischen Nüsse, Hans-Jörg, Haus, Gehöft und Siedlung im Norden und Westen der Ger- Enns und Donau. Eine statistische Analyse (Holger Wendling) ...... 311 mania magna (Ingo Eichfeld) ...... 376 Krause, Arnulf, Runen. Geschichte – Gebrauch – Bedeutung (Sigmund Oehrl) 379 Chacon, Richard J. / Mendoza, Rubén G. (Hrsg.), Feast, Famine or Fighting? Multiple Pathways to Social Complexity (Marion Benz) ...... 445 Hausmair, Barbara, Am Rande des Grabes. Todeskonzepte und Bestattungsritual in der frühmittelalterlichen Alamannia (Doris Gutsmiedl-Schümann) . . 383 Grömer, Karina, The Art of Prehistoric Textile Making. The Development of Craft Traditions and Clothing in Central Europe (Małgorzata Siennicka) . . . . 450 Christie, Neil / Herold, Hajnalka (Hrsg.), Fortified Settlements in Early Medie- val Europe. Defended Communities of the 8th–10th Centuries (Sebastian Feneuille, Serge / Letourneux, Jean-Pierre / Bouchar, Marie, Protocoles Brather)...... 386 d’étude des mortiers anciens à l’usage des archéologues (Sophie Hüglin). . . 454 Klammt, Anne, Die Standorte unbefestigter Siedlungen der nördlichen Elbslawen. Sénécheau, Miriam / Samida, Stefanie (Hrsg.), Living History als Gegenstand Zwischen Klimaveränderung und politischem Wandel (Anne Pedersen) . . 389 Historischen Lernens. Begriffe – Problemfelder – Materialien. Geschichte und Public History Bd. 1 (Gunter Schöbel) ...... 458 Oras, Ester, Practices of Wealth Depositing in the 1st–9th Century AD Eastern Bal- tic (Nina Dworschak) ...... 393 Meier, Thomas / Ott, Michael R. / Sauer, Rebecca (eds), Materiale Textkultu- ren. Konzepte – Materialien – Praktiken (Uroš Matić) ...... 463 Herdick, Michael, Ökonomie der Eliten. Eine Studie zur Interpretation wirt- schaftsarchäologischer Funde und Befunde von mittelalterlichen Herrschaftssit- Alberti, Benjamin / Jones, Andrew Meirion / Pollard, Joshua (Hrsg.), zen (Rainer Atzbach) ...... 396 Archaeo logy after Interpretation. Returning Materials to Archaeological Theory (Stefan Schreiber)...... 467 Csiky, Gergely, Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons. Classification, Typology, Chronology and Technology (Orsolya Heinrich-Tamáska) ...... 400 Kokowski, Andrzej / Niemirowski, Wieńcysław, Na tropie zaginionych odkryć. Archeologia w świetle doniesień prasowych z dawnej prowincji Grenzmark – Kaufmann, Günther (ed.), Archäologie des Überetsch (Elisabetta Starnini) . . 404 Posen-Westpreußen. Auf den Spuren von verlorenen Entdeckungen. Die Krause, Rüdiger, Archäologie im Gebirge: Montafoner Zeitmaschine. Frühe Archäologie im Spiegel der Presse der ehemaligen Provinz Grenzmark – Besiedlungsgeschichte und Bergbau im Montafon, Vorarlberg (Österreich) Posen-Westpreußen (Susanne Grunwald) ...... 473 (Hans Reschreiter) ...... 406 Collis, John / Pearce, Mark / Nicolis, Franco (Hrsg.), Summer Farms. Seaso- nal Exploitation of the Uplands from Prehistory to the Present (Sabine Rein- Empfangene Bücher / Books received / Livres reçues 479 hold) ...... 411 Hinweise für Publikationen der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission ...... 485 Brandt, J. Rasmus / Prusac, Marina / Roland, Håkon (Hrsg.), Death and Changing Rituals: Function and Meaning in Ancient Funerary Practices (Edel- Guidelines for Publications of the Romano-Germanic Commission ...... 489 traud Aspöck) ...... 414 Recommandations pour les publications de la Römisch-Germanische Kommission 493 Devlin, Zoë L. / Graham, Emma-Jayne (Hrsg.), Death Embodied. Archaeological Approaches to the Treatment of the Corpse (Melanie Augstein)...... 418 Thompson, Tim (Hrsg.), The Archaeology of Cremation. Burned Human Remains in Funerary Studies (Birgit Grosskopf ) ...... 423 Williams, Howard / Giles, Melanie (eds), Archaeologists and the Dead (Sophie Bergerbrant) ...... 426 Milledge Nelson, Sarah, Shamans, Queens and Figurines. The Development of Gender Archaeology (Nona Palincaş) ...... 432 Reymann, Andy Das religions-ethnologische Konzept des Schamanen in der prähis- torischen Archäologie (Emília Pásztor) ...... 436 Walz, Markus (ed.), Handbuch Museum – Geschichte, Aufgaben, Perspektiven (Gunter Schöbel) ...... 440 Rowley-Conwy, Peter / Serjeantson, Dale / Halstead, Paul (Hrsg.), Econo- mic Zooarchaeology: Studies in Hunting, Herding and Early Agriculture (Nor- Die mit den Initialen gekennzeichneten Résumés wurden bert Benecke) ...... 444 von Yves Gautier (Y. G.) übersetzt. Krause, Arnulf, Runen. Geschichte – Gebrauch – Bedeutung (Sigmund Oehrl) 379 Chacon, Richard J. / Mendoza, Rubén G. (Hrsg.), Feast, Famine or Fighting? Multiple Pathways to Social Complexity (Marion Benz) ...... 445 Hausmair, Barbara, Am Rande des Grabes. Todeskonzepte und Bestattungsritual in der frühmittelalterlichen Alamannia (Doris Gutsmiedl-Schümann) . . 383 Grömer, Karina, The Art of Prehistoric Textile Making. The Development of Craft Traditions and Clothing in Central Europe (Małgorzata Siennicka) . . . . 450 Christie, Neil / Herold, Hajnalka (Hrsg.), Fortified Settlements in Early Medie- val Europe. Defended Communities of the 8th–10th Centuries (Sebastian Feneuille, Serge / Letourneux, Jean-Pierre / Bouchar, Marie, Protocoles Brather)...... 386 d’étude des mortiers anciens à l’usage des archéologues (Sophie Hüglin). . . 454 Klammt, Anne, Die Standorte unbefestigter Siedlungen der nördlichen Elbslawen. Sénécheau, Miriam / Samida, Stefanie (Hrsg.), Living History als Gegenstand Zwischen Klimaveränderung und politischem Wandel (Anne Pedersen) . . 389 Historischen Lernens. Begriffe – Problemfelder – Materialien. Geschichte und Public History Bd. 1 (Gunter Schöbel) ...... 458 Oras, Ester, Practices of Wealth Depositing in the 1st–9th Century AD Eastern Bal- tic (Nina Dworschak) ...... 393 Meier, Thomas / Ott, Michael R. / Sauer, Rebecca (eds), Materiale Textkultu- ren. Konzepte – Materialien – Praktiken (Uroš Matić) ...... 463 Herdick, Michael, Ökonomie der Eliten. Eine Studie zur Interpretation wirt- schaftsarchäologischer Funde und Befunde von mittelalterlichen Herrschaftssit- Alberti, Benjamin / Jones, Andrew Meirion / Pollard, Joshua (Hrsg.), zen (Rainer Atzbach) ...... 396 Archaeo logy after Interpretation. Returning Materials to Archaeological Theory (Stefan Schreiber)...... 467 Csiky, Gergely, Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons. Classification, Typology, Chronology and Technology (Orsolya Heinrich-Tamáska) ...... 400 Kokowski, Andrzej / Niemirowski, Wieńcysław, Na tropie zaginionych odkryć. Archeologia w świetle doniesień prasowych z dawnej prowincji Grenzmark – Kaufmann, Günther (ed.), Archäologie des Überetsch (Elisabetta Starnini) . . 404 Posen-Westpreußen. Auf den Spuren von verlorenen Entdeckungen. Die Krause, Rüdiger, Archäologie im Gebirge: Montafoner Zeitmaschine. Frühe Archäologie im Spiegel der Presse der ehemaligen Provinz Grenzmark – Besiedlungsgeschichte und Bergbau im Montafon, Vorarlberg (Österreich) Posen-Westpreußen (Susanne Grunwald) ...... 473 (Hans Reschreiter) ...... 406 Collis, John / Pearce, Mark / Nicolis, Franco (Hrsg.), Summer Farms. Seaso- nal Exploitation of the Uplands from Prehistory to the Present (Sabine Rein- Empfangene Bücher / Books received / Livres reçues 479 hold) ...... 411 Hinweise für Publikationen der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission ...... 485 Brandt, J. Rasmus / Prusac, Marina / Roland, Håkon (Hrsg.), Death and Changing Rituals: Function and Meaning in Ancient Funerary Practices (Edel- Guidelines for Publications of the Romano-Germanic Commission ...... 489 traud Aspöck) ...... 414 Recommandations pour les publications de la Römisch-Germanische Kommission 493 Devlin, Zoë L. / Graham, Emma-Jayne (Hrsg.), Death Embodied. Archaeological Approaches to the Treatment of the Corpse (Melanie Augstein)...... 418 Thompson, Tim (Hrsg.), The Archaeology of Cremation. Burned Human Remains in Funerary Studies (Birgit Grosskopf ) ...... 423 Williams, Howard / Giles, Melanie (eds), Archaeologists and the Dead (Sophie Bergerbrant) ...... 426 Milledge Nelson, Sarah, Shamans, Queens and Figurines. The Development of Gender Archaeology (Nona Palincaş) ...... 432 Reymann, Andy Das religions-ethnologische Konzept des Schamanen in der prähis- torischen Archäologie (Emília Pásztor) ...... 436 Walz, Markus (ed.), Handbuch Museum – Geschichte, Aufgaben, Perspektiven (Gunter Schöbel) ...... 440 Rowley-Conwy, Peter / Serjeantson, Dale / Halstead, Paul (Hrsg.), Econo- mic Zooarchaeology: Studies in Hunting, Herding and Early Agriculture (Nor- Die mit den Initialen gekennzeichneten Résumés wurden bert Benecke) ...... 444 von Yves Gautier (Y. G.) übersetzt. 396 Atzbach: Herdick, Ökonomie der Eliten zudringen. Ihre Sprache ist klar und präzise, ihre Analysen sind gut verständlich dargestellt und prägnant ausgewertet. Wünschenswert wäre lediglich eine stärkere Verknüpfung zwischen dem Katalog und dem auswertenden Teil der Arbeit gewesen. Die von der Autorin gewählte Variante macht es dem Leser nicht immer leicht, sich alle Bezüge zu erschließen. Die Dissertation trägt als Langzeitstudie, mit umfassender Fundvorlage zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., zur in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten intensiv diskutierten Debatte des Konzepts von Werten und Wertstellungen sowie deren Transformation bei. Die vorliegende Studie weckt daher nicht nur das Interesse der an der baltischen Archäologie des 1. Jahrtausends interessierten Wissenschaftler, sondern bietet einem breiteren Publikum Anknüpfungspunkte als grundlegendes Werk zur Problematik des Forschungs- gegenstands ‚Depotfund‘ und dessen (auch nach der Lektüre dieser Arbeit) nicht weniger kontro- versen Interpretation. D–60438 Frankfurt a. M. Nina Dworschak Ruth-Moufang-Str. 2 Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main E-Mail: [email protected] Archäologischen Instituts

Michael Herdick, Ökonomie der Eliten. Eine Studie zur Interpretation wirtschaftsarchäologi- scher Funde und Befunde von mittelalterlichen Herrschaftssitzen. Monographien des RGZM volume 124. Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz 2015. € 90.00. ISBN 978-3- 88467-236-5. xi + 453 pages with 155 illustrations (mostly black and white, 2 full coloured).

This book is the printed version of Michael Herdick’s PhD thesis which was accepted by the Department of History and Cultural Studies at Philipps-University Marburg in 2011. The volumi- nous study is based on the state of research on medieval economy reviewed in a separate paper already in 2008 (M. Herdick / Th. Kühtreiber, Burgen, Handwerk und Gewerbe – Anmerkun- gen zum Forschungsstand. In: W. Melzer [ed.], Archäologie und mittelalterliches Handwerk. Eine Standortbestimmung. Soester Beitr. Arch. 9 [Soest 2008] 37‒59), and it mostly reflects the state of research before 2009 (p. 308). Delayed publishing is a widespread problem in the humanities, usu- ally either due to a lack of resources or to the workload of the author, which was the case here. Apart from the foreword and bibliography, the body of this book consists of eight main chapters followed by a synthesis and four concluding theses instead of a summary. The introduction (Einlei- tung, p. 1) presents a survey of the empirical basis, research question, and objectives of this study. Moreover, the author discusses the relevance of an “economic archaeology” for the history of economy on the one hand and the importance of controlling resources for a lordship on the other. “Economic archaeology” is as odd a discipline as “social archaeology” or “landscape archaeology”, because economy is such a central part of human existence that defining and studying it in a separate discipline does not make any sense. This opening chapter implies that economy of elites can be understood primarily in terms of craftsmanship, i. e. the exploitation and processing of non-ag- ricultural resources. Husbandry and farming, which in pre-industrial times comprised at least 90 % of the world’s economy, are not the focus of this study. Neither the geographic area nor the timeframe are properly defined in this introduction. However, emphasis is placed on the German speaking parts of the Holy Roman Empire (in this book sometimes referred to as the “Deutsches Reich” – a quite anachronistic term to refer to periods before 1871) and on the period between AD 800 and 1600; some excurses include aspects of the Roman Iron Age and even Greek and Roman Antiquity. Atzbach: Herdick, Ökonomie der Eliten 397 398 Atzbach: Herdick, Ökonomie der Eliten

The research question can be paraphrased as: “Which relevance did the supervision of craft and craft: non-ferrous metal work. From a systematic point of view, rather than discussing different industry for a lord of a medieval castle or palatium have and what economic influence did a lord crafts in different chapters it would have made more sense to regard all kinds of crafts in a common have on the whole economy in his dominion?” The author aims to approach these questions by main chapter. The home farms (or palatium?) of Karlburg and of Helfta are chosen as case studies. examining existing research hypotheses in the area of the German-speaking Middle Ages and to Discussing some types of fibulae as signifiers of a “Christian sphere” (p. 121) between theth 8 and discuss the economic engagement of lords in craft and industry. It may astound the international the 10th centuries is not beneficial, since Christianisation was completed at that time in nowadays reader that neither a theoretical background is defined nor a clarification of methods and sources is Franconia. Furthermore, although M. Herdick states the opinion that the use of recycled material given in this introduction. This is a widespread and characteristic trait in German-speaking ar chae- declined during the Middle Ages, he lacks any evidence for this hypothesis (p. 135 note 594 only ol ogy, which must not be misunderstood as a lack of theory (cf. R. Karl, Macht und Ohnmacht deals with spoils that definitely cannot be considered as recycled material). The lack of material des positivistischen Denkens. Beitr. Ur- u. Frühgesch. Mitteleuropa 58 [Langenweißbach 2010]). appropriate for reuse does not contradict that material was reused. Moreover, he constructs a “cen- In fact, this study is based on a theoretical concept derived from Thorstein Veblen’s model of con- tral workshop” for the production of sheet metal fibulae / bracteates on the basis of a single find spicu ous consumption (Th. Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class [New York 1899]) within the from Bonn-Petersberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, with similarity to other casting mould finds. economic framework of housekeeping; this essential theoretical reflexion is remarkably well hidden Similarity between finds is not necessarily proof that they were produced at a single site. The con- in the synthesis chapter (pp. 297‒389, esp. pp. 302‒308 and 331‒339). clusion that non-ferrous metal workshops were associated with centres of power is correct, but there is no evidence for a monopoly or special survey of that branch of artisanship at these sites. The next chapters discuss different types of lordship and the relevance of the lordship’s seat for The production of non-ferrous metal goods could be seen as a performative act existing within a the control or benefit of economy in a more or less chronological order. The chapter on the eco- ritual frame focused on the exchange of gifts: beyond any doubt, a guest could be impressed by the nomic potential of episcopal castles (in Saxony) and its relevance for the early development of lord’s ability to produce fine goods at his seat (pp. 138; 152). While this model presented by the towns during the Early Middle Ages (“Das wirtschaftliche Potenzial der Domburgen und seine author is brilliant and inspiring, it implies that such workshops should be expected at all royal or Bedeutung für die frühe Stadtentwicklung”, pp. 25‒73) focuses on Saxon episcopal seats roughly bishopric seats, evidence of which though plausibly could be found is currently lacking. In addi- between the 9th and 11th centuries. The episcopal castles housed and protected artisans in competi- tion, specialised artisan settlements in remote positions not associated with seats of power but tion both with other noblemen and with the rising economy of the surrounding town. During the belonging to the manorial systems are also known. Nevertheless, this model calls for a need to High Middle Ages, these craftsmen left the castles and settled in urban areas under the bishop’s carefully scrutinise the areas surrounding home farms and castles. supervision. The chapter “Entstehung und Entwicklung der mittelalterlichen Burgenökonomie – statische The next main chapter, “Pfalzen und Wirtschaftshöfe: Ökonomische Fixpunkte mobiler Verhältnisse oder dynamische Prozesse?” (Origin and development of a medieval castle economy – Herrschaft” (Palatia and royal home farms: economic ledger of mobile lordship, pp. 73‒121), faces static settings or dynamic processes?, pp. 153‒205) seeks to explore economic consequences of the the problem of how to differentiate between a “Pfalz” (palatium) as a residence and a “Königshof” transition from older lordly dwellings in rural settlements to castles as a new seat and centre of (royal home farm) as the economic support of dominion. Two main branches of economic activity lordship. The process is also known as the “vertical shift of nobility” from a village onto a château à are discussed in a very systematic manner in studying the cases of palatia in Werla, Tilleda, Helfta, motte and took place in the early 11th century. M. Herdick’s hypothesis is that the shift of a seat and Gebesee: textile manufacturing and iron work. The first is regarded as a special, developed from a village to a castle also implied a shift in economy. The early medieval hill fort of Runder craft driven at a proto-industrial level on palatium sites, especially Tilleda. Contrastingly, iron work Berg close to Urach (3rd‒10th centuries) is introduced here. The subsequent consideration of econ- is recognised as more or less ubiquitous both within and outside of palatia. M. Herdick interprets omy, transport, and communication associated with the Runder Berg focuses on the Carolingian this as an economic “weakness” of the kingdom during this period. However, this could also be period and discusses the relationship between fortified seats (hill forts) and home farms. In the case discussed in light of the manorial system: if weapons and other iron work were part of ordinary of Unterregenbach, the economic potential of the lord’s seat is determined based on the dimen - levies, there was no need for a lordly monopoly of this craft. Here, the structural problem of this sions of the adjacent church and the origin of the found pottery (p. 177). In other words, this is a volume, i. e. that current research could not be integrated due to the long delay of publication, comparison of deeply different types of archaeological sites: a Migration Period hill fort (Runder becomes again visible: the analysis does not account for new publications about palatia such as Berg), temporary Carolingian hill forts related to the conquest of Saxony, and the “Miracle of Tilleda (M. Dapper, Musterbeispiel einer Herrscherresidenz – Die Pfalz Tilleda im 11. Jahrhun- Unterregenbach” (Günter Fehring), an ecclesiastical settlement lacking any written sources. One of dert. In: R. Atzbach / S. Lüken / H. Ottomeyer, Burg und Herrschaft. Eine Ausstellung des the most valuable conclusions of M. Herdick’s study is already obvious at this point: the lack of Deutschen Historischen Museums Berlin, 25. Juni bis 24. Oktober 2010 [Berlin, Dresden 2011] reliable and comparable archaeological sources prevents in-depth analysis of the available material. 65, cat. no. 2.37 with further references); Pöhlde (B. Schütte, Mittelalterliche Königshöfe und Pfalzen im heutigen Niedersachsen. Pöhlde als herrscherlicher Aufenthaltsort [München 2015] The next main chapter, “Wirtschaftliches Denken im Mittelalter oder die Frage nach der öko- with further references); Ingelheim (H. Grewe, Auf den Spuren Karls des Großen in Ingelheim nomischen Rationalität adeligen Handelns” (Economic thinking during the Middle Ages or the [Ingelheim 2014] with further references); and the imperial region around Salz Palatium (P. Ettel question of the economic rationale behind noble activity, pp. 205‒235), appears at first to go off et al., Die Pfalz Salz und das Neustädter Becken ‒ Lebensraum für Könige [Jena 2016] with fur- on a tangent as this part introduces economic ideas from ancient Greece, ancient Rome, and the ther references). Bible. However, the objective of this excurse is to develop a proxy for medieval economic ideas which are difficult to detect in medieval writers’ statements. Beyond this rough proxy, the ideas The main chapter on the function and use of the production of non-agrarian goods in royal and behind the economic activity of medieval noblemen remain unknown and no direct written ecclesiastical palatia (“Überlegungen zur Funktion und Verwendung der nichtagrarischen Güter- sources concerning this topic are available. From a theological point of view, the economy should produktion in königlichen und kirchlichen Pfalzen”, pp. 121‒152) takes into consideration a new enable a nobleman to live properly, while his interest in profit must match the ethical framework

GERMANIA 96, 2018 Atzbach: Herdick, Ökonomie der Eliten 397 398 Atzbach: Herdick, Ökonomie der Eliten

GERMANIA 96, 2018 Atzbach: Herdick, Ökonomie der Eliten 399 400 Heinrich-Tamáska: Csiky, Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons of Christianity. Unfortunately, there is currently no possibility to check how far the economic real- tion for the study of archaeological sources – this must be seen more as wishful thinking than ity of a lordly seat was subject to this proposed medieval ideal. reality. 4. Archaeological research on economic processes based upon theoretical and methodologi- cal research questions is a desideratum. Yes, it is! The next chapters reject the idea of the late medieval period as an age of decline (“Spätmit- telalterliche Adelsökonomie – Wirtschaften in einer ‘Achsenepoche’ oder während einer ‘Ver- All in all, this volume contains an impressive amount of empiric data. The author is not to be fallszeit’?”; Late medieval noble economy – an activity in a transition period or during an age of blamed for the central weakness of his courageous project: we lack reliable archaeological data that decline?, pp. 235‒253) and the perception that economic activity on castles was reduced as reac- enables us to scrutinise economic ideas – or even the economic reality – during the Middle Ages. It tion to the flourishing urban economy (“Die spätmittelalterliche Burg als ökonomischer Faktor”; might also be a pipe dream to describe the major part of medieval economy – agriculture – on the The late medieval castle as an economic factor, pp. 253‒297). The important argument is made basis of archaeological sources. However, it would have been worth taking into consideration the that a castle’s economy is difficult to assess because of its (unknown) shattered belongings and known remnants of this part of economic activity such as tithe barns, storehouses, mills, account outer resources. The given example of Hausberg Castle comprises an “Erdstall” (earth cellar) inter- books, rent-rolls, etc. preted as storehouse. This might be seen as a courageous interpretation; nevertheless, this chapter Of course, it is sad that such an important topic waited four years for its final, and in some for the very first time in this book touches the backbone of medieval economy: husbandry and respects still overhasty edition. Nevertheless, this volume is an important contribution to the field agriculture. The stated rising importance of outer baileys might be an exaggeration; it does not take of economic research as it shows the possibilities as well as the limitations of studying archaeologi- into consideration the use of outer baileys in Outremer or as a widespread element in urban forti- cal sources. fications (p. 279) already during the 12th and 13th centuries. Outer baileys had both military and economic functions. Furthermore, the difference between main castle and outer bailey fades out in DK–8270 Højbjerg Rainer Atzbach coincidence with the growing need for comfort. Consequently, residential buildings were also Moesgård Allé 22 School of Culture and Society erected in the outer bailey area – and we have to supply here: in towns! This is a surprising blind E-mail: [email protected] Aarhus University spot in M. Herdick’s argumentation: the role of towns in terms of lordly seats. Hanover and Berlin are typical examples that anticipate the post-medieval rise of cities as new centres in territories; castles remained mighty symbols of power, but towns became capitals. Gergely Csiky, Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons. Classification, Typology, Chronology In addition, in these chapters, the presentation of the case of Neideck Castle once again neglects and Technology. East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 Band 32. recent intensive research and excavations that have revealed a large older main castle erected during Brill, Leiden, Boston 2015. € 201,–. ISBN 978-9-00422-661-6 (Hardcover). € 197,–. ISBN the 13th century (reviewed by G. Brütting / D. Burger / G. U. Grossmann, Burglengenfeld 978-90-04-30454-3 (E-Book). ISSN 1872-8103. 529 Seiten, 55 Karten, 24 Diagramme, 104 [Oberpfalz] und Neideck [Franken]. Rundbrief Wartburg-Ges. 48, 2010, 10‒12). This does not Abbildungen. support M. Herdick’s interpretation of this castle primarily as a home farm rather than the seat of a dynasty. Nevertheless, the economic function of castles as centres of feudal administration contin- Der hier zu besprechende Band über die awarenzeitlichen Stich- und Hiebwaffen von Gergely ued into the Late Middle Ages and M. Herdick’s rejection of an age of “dying” castles (“Burgen- Csiky ist die englische Übersetzung seiner 2009 an der Lóránd Eötvös Universität Budapest einge- sterben”) is absolutely right and has been discussed intensively before (G. U. Grossmann / H. reichten PhD-Arbeit unter dem gleichen Titel. Die Aufnahme in die oben genannte Brill-Reihe Ottomeyer [eds], Die Burg [Dresden, Berlin 2010] with further references). zeigt, dass frühmittelalterliche Bewaffnung ein international reflektiertes Forschungsthema dar- The title of the last main chapter “Synthese: Handwerk im Bereich mittelalterlicher Herrschafts- stellt. Es handelt sich tatsächlich um die erste monographische Behandlung awarenzeitlicher Waf- sitze – Facetten einer Prestigeökonomie” (Synthesis: Craftsmanship at medieval lordly seats – fentypen, obwohl in den letzten Jahren eine Reihe neuer Studien zu diesem Themenbereich Aspects of prestigious economy, pp. 297‒389) makes the reader expect an in-depth analysis of the erschienen sind, die das einschlägige Fundmaterial des frühmittelalterlichen Mitteldonauraumes cases; unfortunately, M. Herdick refuses to develop a new overall narrative with respect to the behandeln (bei G. Csiky noch nicht zitiert: F. Szücsi, Avar kori balták, bárdok, szekercék és insufficient archaeological sources. Although this is a difficult, recurring issue in the field at large, fokosok a 6.–8. századi Kárpát-medencében [Awarenzeitliche Streitäxte, Beile und Äxte im 6.–8. this chapter is the weakest part of the volume. Large parts of this “synthesis” (starting with p. 308) Jahrhundert aus dem Karpatenbecken]. Alba Regia 42, 2014, 113–186; A. P. Kiss, Huns, Ger- simply repeat the arguments given in the first eight chapters, sometimes enlarged with examples of mans, Byzantines? The origins of the narrow bladed long seaxes. Acta Arch. Carpathica 49, 2014, current research. This chapter reveals a severe lack of editorial work: A careful revision and update 131–164). of the first chapters – which were evidently written long before the “synthesis” – and a sharp and Die Archäologie der Awarenzeit (567–796/800) mit ihren über 60 000 Bestattungen ist eindeu- clear conclusion would have certainly benefitted the volume. tig durch die typochronologische Auswertung der Grabfunde bestimmt. Im Rahmen einzelner The book concludes with four theses for “economic archaeological research concerning crafts- Gräberfeldvorlagen wurden die Grundlagen der awarenzeitlichen Chronologie gelegt (zusammen- man ship on medieval lordly seats”, which are as true as they are generic or even trivial: 1. There is fassend: F. Daim, Avars and Avar archaeology – an introduction. In: H.-W. Gotz / J. Jarnut / W. no immediate relationship between the volume of craft relicts and their relevance for the economy: Pohl [Hrsg.], Regna and Gentes. The Relationship Between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peo- Formation processes and the environment of a lordly seat must be taken into consideration. 2. The ples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World [Leiden, Boston 2003] 463–570). focus of archaeology on development and growth manipulates and distorts the view on history. Auch wenn diese Periodisierung in der letzten Zeit einiges an Kritik erfuhr – vor allem bezüglich Future research should rather concentrate on ordinary supply and demand as factors of economic eines mittelawarenzeitlichen Horizonts (vgl. Beiträge in Antæus 29–30, 2008) –, liefert sie den- processes in a region. 3. The knowledge of contemporary ideas concerning economy is a precondi- noch die Basis für regionale Studien und die Bearbeitung einzelner Fundgruppen. Diese ermögli-

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