UNDERGROUND RAILOAD RESOURCES in the U.S. THEME STUDY Page 1 E. STATEMENT of HISTORIC CONTEXT: the UNDERGROUND RAILROAD in AMERI
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CRM Vol. 21, No. 4
PUBLISHED BY THE VOLUME 21 NO. 4 1998 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Contents ISSN 1068-4999 To promote and maintain high standards for preserving and managing cultural resources Slavery and Resistance Foreword 3 Robert Stanton DIRECTOR Robert Stanton Slavery and Resistance—Expanding Our Horizon 4 ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR Frank Faragasso and Doug Stover CULTURAL RESOURCE STEWARDSHIP AND PARTNERSHIPS Revisiting the Underground Railroad 7 Katherine H. Stevenson Gary Collison EDITOR Ronald M. Greenberg The UGRR and Local History 11 Carol Kammen GUEST EDITORS Frank Faragasso Confronting Slavery and Revealing the "Lost Cause" 14 Doug Stover James Oliver Horton ADVISORS Changing Interpretation at Gettysburg NMP 17 David Andrews Editor.NPS Eric Foner and John A. Latschar Joan Bacharach Museum Registrar, NPS The Remarkable Legacy of Selina Gray 20 Randall I. Biallas Karen Byrne Historical Architect, NPS Susan Buggey Director. Historical Services Branch Frederick Douglass in Toronto 23 Parks Canada Hilary Russell lohn A. Burns Architect, NPS Harry A. Butowsky Local Pasts in National Programs 28 Historian, NPS Muriel Crespi Pratt Cassity Executive Director, National Alliance of Preservation Commissions The Natchez Court Records Project 30 Muriel Crespi Ronald L. F. Davis Cultural Anthropologist, NPS Mark R. Edwards The Educational Value of Quindaro Townsite in the 21st Century 34 Director. Historic Preservation Division, State Historic Preservation Officer. Georgia Michael M. Swann Roger E. Kelly Archeologist, NPS NPS Study to Preserve and Interpret the UGRR 39 Antoinette I- Lee John C. Paige Historian. NPS ASSISTANT The UGRR on the Rio Grande 41 Denise M. Mayo Aaron Mahr Yanez CONSULTANTS NPS Aids Pathways to Freedom Group 45 Wm. -
A Plan for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery in the United States, Without Danger Or Loss to the Citizens of the South (Modified)
A Plan for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery in the United States, without Danger or Loss to the Citizens of the South (modified) Source: This pamphlet was published in Baltimore in 1825 by Benjamin Lundy, a Quaker abolitionist. In it, Lundy presented a plan for experimental farms worked by enslaved people who would be promised freedom after a certain number of years. It seems unnecessary, in proposing a plan for the general abolition of slavery from the United States, to observe upon the immensity of the evil, and the gloomy prospect of dangers it presents to the American people: disunion; bloodshed; and servile wars of extermination, horrible in their nature and consequences, and disgraceful in the eyes of the civilized world. Any plan of emancipation, to be effective, must consult at once the economic interests and prevailing opinions of the southern planters, and bend itself to the existing laws of the southern states. Therefore, emancipation should be connected with colonization, and it should demand no economic sacrifice from existing slave-holders, and create no loss of property for their children. Free labor and cooperative labor is superior to slave labor, and more profitable. If this can be shown, even in the places where slavery exists now, the example will gradually spread. To create an example, it is proposed: ● To purchase two sections of government land, within the good south western cotton-producing areas, either in Tennessee, Alabama, or Mississippi. ● To place on this land from fifty to one hundred negroes, and introduce a system of cooperative labor, promising them liberty after five years of service, along with liberty and education for their children. -
Benjamin Lundy, Abolitionist
BENJAMIN LUNDY, ABOLITIONIST FRED LANDON Here was a man, without education, without wealth . ... who had under- taken, single-hai).ded and without the shadow of a doubt of his ultimate success, to abolish Amencan slavery. Macy, The Anti-Slavery Crusade. HE stude?t of Ameri~ history, _whose field of investigation T lies within the twenttes and thtrttes of the last century, finds the name of Benjamin Lundy appearing in many records. At a time when the older America seemed to be breaking up and when all its people seemed to be on the move, he was as restless as any. In 1830 he could say that he had travelled more than 5,000 miles on foot and more than 20,000 miles in other ways, that he had visited 19 states, and had made two voyages to Hayti. Within the next five years he added to this record three journeys to Texas and the southwest, and a journey through the western part of Upper Canada. His purpose never varied. While others might seek wealth or adventure, he was seeking a solution for the national problems in volved in slavery, and he was particularly seeking the means by which the lot of the negro race in America might be improved. As a pioneer in the abolitionist movement, as the most active propagandist of anti-slavery ideas during the twenties, and as the agent through whom William Lloyd Garrison was first enlisted in the cause, it is strange that he has had so little recognition given to his efforts. A patchwork sort of biography issued eighty years ago, casual references in larger histories, and two or three brief magazine articles alone record Lundy's activities. -
National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form
NPSForm10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (Revised March 1992) . ^ ;- j> United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. _X_New Submission _ Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing__________________________________ The Underground Railroad in Massachusetts 1783-1865______________________________ B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) C. Form Prepared by_________________________________________ name/title Kathrvn Grover and Neil Larson. Preservation Consultants, with Betsy Friedberg and Michael Steinitz. MHC. Paul Weinbaum and Tara Morrison. NFS organization Massachusetts Historical Commission________ date July 2005 street & number 220 Morhssey Boulevard________ telephone 617-727-8470_____________ city or town Boston____ state MA______ zip code 02125___________________________ D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National -
The Art of Books Bindings.Lib.Ua.Edu
Publishers’ Bindings Online, 1815-1930: The Art of Books bindings.lib.ua.edu Sample Lesson Plan: Slave Narratives Grades 5-12 Objectives: Using examples from the PBO bindings database, students will learn what slave narratives are, who wrote them, and their purposes. Materials: A computer with an Internet connection and a large screen or other capability to display the teacher’s actions to the entire class. Lesson Use of imported Africans and African Americans for slave labor began in the Jamestown colony of Virginia in the seventeenth century, and lasted until after the Civil War ended in 1865. The best way to learn about the experience of those who were held as slaves is to study their first-hand accounts. Many slaves who either had escaped or been freed published their stories during the nineteenth century. These stories became a distinct literary genre known as slave narratives. Prominent American colonists published popular autobiographies – or books about themselves – during the eighteenth century. About the same time, Puritans began writing the stories of Native Americans held in captivity. The first slave narratives, published in the late 1700s, had their roots in these two genres, but they had their own unique characteristics as well. The slave narrative developed as a genre during the nineteenth century for two reasons. The first was the support slaves received from the abolitionist – or anti-slavery – movement, which gained momentum beginning in the 1830s. The other is the romantic movement of American literature, which encouraged individualism, stressed emotional subjects, and often featured quests for American ideals, such as freedom. -
The Early Antislavery Agency System in Pennsylvania, 1833-1837
THE EARLY ANTISLAVERY AGENCY SYSTEM IN PENNSYLVANIA, 1833-1837 By JOHIN L. MYERS* I N THE years before 1830 a strikingly large number of the antislavery leaders of the United States, including Anthony Benezet, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, James Wilson, George Bourne, John Woolman, and Benjamin Lundy, lived in or near Philadelphia. Pennsylvania's influential Quakers were the first religious sect to repudiate the practice of purchasing and sell- ing slaves, while the nation's first abolition society was organized in the state in 1775.1 The first national organization to espouse the cause of the Negro, the American Convention for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and Improving the Condition of the African Race, was founded and thereafter convened every one to three years until 1832 in Philadelphia, sustained in large measure by Pennsylvanians. The legislature in 1780 abolished slavery on a gradual plan and with later laws attempted to safeguard the movement of the Negro to a free status. Since all this was true, why was Pennsylvania one of the last of the free states to estab- lish a militart antislavery auxiliary affiliated with the American Anti-Slavery Society, and why did it contribute so little to the organized antislavery movement of the early 1830's? The contributions of Pennsylvanians to the abolition crusade of the nineteenth century were initially modest. Historians still disagree whether the national leadership of the militant anti- slavery movement of the 1830's emanated from the Garrisonians in Boston, the New York merchants, or Westerners, but few Pennsylvanians occupied vital positions. This secondary role is further demonstrated by the existence in the state of only six of the 221 auxiliaries of the national society in May, 1835. -
Education on the Underground Railroad: a Case Study of Three Communities in New York State (1820-1870)
Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE 12-2013 Education on the Underground Railroad: A Case Study of Three Communities in New York State (1820-1870) Lenora April Harris Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Education Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Harris, Lenora April, "Education on the Underground Railroad: A Case Study of Three Communities in New York State (1820-1870)" (2013). Dissertations - ALL. 30. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/30 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT In the mid-nineteenth century a compulsory education system was emerging that allowed all children to attend public schools in northern states. This dissertation investigates school attendance rates among African American children in New York State from 1850–1870 by examining household patterns and educational access for African American school-age children in three communities: Sandy Ground, Syracuse, and Watertown. These communities were selected because of their involvement in the Underground Railroad. I employed a combination of educational and social history methods, qualitative and quantitative. An analysis of federal census reports, state superintendent reports, city directories, area maps, and property records for the years 1820–1870 yielded comparative data on households, African American and European American, in which African American school-age children resided. The nature of schooling and the manner in which the household and community advocated for school attendance during this period are also described and compared. -
Indiana Magazine of History in the Development of Mid-Western
78 Indiana Magazine of History in the development of mid-western colleges will profit by reading this newest history of a strong Indiana College-the erstwhile Indiana Asbury University, now DePauw Univer- sity. WILLIAM0. LYNCH. Charles Osborn in the Anti-Slavery Movement. By Ruth An- na Ketring. The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, Columbus. Pp. xi, 95. This monograph (Ohio Historical Collections, Volume VII) presents a study of a southerner, who was active in the Friends Church, who was born, reared, and educated in North Carolina, and who began his career as a Quaker min- ister in Tennessee. Charles Osborn spent most of his years when in the service of his church as a traveling minister. This was from 1809 to 1840. He was born in 1775 and died in 1850. In about 1816, he moved with his family from Ten- nessee to Jefferson County, Ohio, and, in 1819, to Wayne County, Indiana. Later (1827-1830), the family lived for three years in Clinton County, Ohio. Returning to Wayne County, Indiana, the next migration was to Cass County, Michigan, where the family remained till 1842. During the last years of his life, Osborn was engaged in farming and lived in Porter County, Indiana. In his early years, Osborn was not interested in anti- slavery activities, but as the years went by he became more and more hostile to the institution. While he moved slowly from one position to another, Miss Ketring states that “he was one of the few leaders who bridged the gap from the early and moderate anti-slavery movement in the South to the rabid campaigns of the northern abolitionists” (p. -
Black Evangelicals and the Gospel of Freedom, 1790-1890
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2009 SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890 Alicestyne Turley University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Turley, Alicestyne, "SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890" (2009). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 79. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/79 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Alicestyne Turley The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2009 SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890 _______________________________ ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION _______________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Alicestyne Turley Lexington, Kentucky Co-Director: Dr. Ron Eller, Professor of History Co-Director, Dr. Joanne Pope Melish, Professor of History Lexington, Kentucky 2009 Copyright © Alicestyne Turley 2009 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890 The true nineteenth-century story of the Underground Railroad begins in the South and is spread North by free blacks, escaping southern slaves, and displaced, white, anti-slavery Protestant evangelicals. This study examines the role of free blacks, escaping slaves, and white Protestant evangelicals influenced by tenants of Kentucky’s Second Great Awakening who were inspired, directly or indirectly, to aid in African American community building. -
The End of Slavery in West Virginia
W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2011 It Took a War: The End of Slavery in West Virginia Mark Guerci College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Guerci, Mark, "It Took a War: The End of Slavery in West Virginia" (2011). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 381. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/381 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 0 It Took a War: The End of Slavery in West Virginia A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in History from the College of William and Mary by Mark Guerci Accepted for (Honors, High Honors, Highest Honors) Scott Nelson, Director Melvin Ely Clyde Haulman Williamsburg, VA April 14, 2011 1 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………2 Chapter I: It Takes But a Very Few Slaves…………………………………………...13 Chapter II: A House Divided, Pressured, and Radicalized………………………..…35 Chapter III: The Natural Consequences of a State of War…………………………..56 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….72 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..74 Maps…………………………………..………………………………………………….79 2 Introduction For many of Waitman Willey‘s constituents, the urgency was palpable. As frustration in the first year of the Civil War turned Northern opinion toward more drastic war measures, Virginians west of the Allegheny Mountains saw an opportunity to free themselves from a government in Richmond dominated by eastern slaveholders. -
The Development of an Anti-Slavery Society
Southeastern University FireScholars Selected Honors Theses 4-2015 Quakers and Slavery: The evelopmeD nt of an Anti- Slavery Society Ryan P. Murray Southeastern University - Lakeland Follow this and additional works at: http://firescholars.seu.edu/honors Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Christianity Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Murray, Ryan P., "Quakers and Slavery: The eD velopment of an Anti-Slavery Society" (2015). Selected Honors Theses. Paper 11. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by FireScholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Selected Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of FireScholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Quakers and Slavery: The Development of an Anti-Slavery Society Ryan P. Murray Southeastern University Honors Program Undergraduate Thesis April 1, 2015 Murray Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Review of Literature……………………………………………………………………………....4 Chapter One: The Pro-Slavery Era and the Later Development of Anti-Slavery Sentiments…...13 Chapter Two: The Spread of Anti-Slavery Sentiments, John Woolman………………………....21 Chapter Three: The Spread of Anti-Slavery Sentiments, Anthony Benezet……………….…….37 Chapter Four: The Anti-Slavery Era……………………………………………………….…….51 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………….....61 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..63 2 Murray Introduction In the late 1640s and early 1650s, in the midst of the English Civil War, a British shoemaker brought together some fellow dissenters to create the Religious Society of Friends. This sect of Christianity formed itself on the basis that any person could know and communicate with God because of an “Inner Light” that dwelt within all people. In 1668, a young aristocrat named William Penn joined the Society which had become known collectively as the Quakers. -
1 Marie-Jeanne Rossignol, University Paris Diderot “The Wilderness Years of Antislavery” Summary in English As Early As
Marie-Jeanne Rossignol, University Paris Diderot “The Wilderness Years of Antislavery” Summary in English As early as the 1790s, the United States underwent a period of rapid westward expansion and new state-making. With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and the final defeat of Indian nations in the East on the occasion of the War of 1812, expansion was given further impetus. This paper focuses on how antislavery developed in the Old Northwest in the years between the War of 1812 and 1827, in an age characterized by the cotton boom and the internal slave trade. These were indeed “wilderness years” for the antislavery movement. Born at the end of the eighteenth-century as an East coast, elite-sponsored philanthropic endeavor with strong religious inspiration, it had to reconstruct itself as a popular movement with new methods and activists. This rejuvenation of the movement took place in the Old North-West in the 1820s mainly. William Lloyd Garrison’s clamouring for “immediate abolitionism” in the early 1830s was no radical break: the new generation of abolitionists who rose to national prominence with him could surf on the wave of (mainly Quaker and Baptist) activism that had previously developed in the West in the tough context of a frontier environment. Although immigrants moved to the “Old North-West” in the early 1800s, mass immigration to the region did not take place until after William Henry Harrison crushed the Indians during the War of 1812. The North-West was seen as the “Far West” by those early immigrants who still got lost on the prairie but did not have to fear hostile Indians.