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Truly 2. ED D United States Patent (19) (11) 4,169,401 Walker 45) Oct. 2, 1979 54 CIRCUIT FOR REDUCING SOLENOID 4,104,950 8/1978 Finley ............................... 84/1.01 X HOLD-IN POWER IN ELECTRONIC PLAYER PANOS AND SIMILAR Primary Examiner-Stanley J. Witkowski KEYBOARD OPERATED INSTRUMENTS Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Jim Zegeer (75) Inventor: Henry V. Walker, Franklin, Tenn. 57 ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: Teledyne Industries, Inc., Los There is disclosed a method and apparatus for reducing Angeles, Calif. the power required to activate the soft and playing mechanism of an electronic player piano and similar 21 Appl. No.: 792,849 instruments. In accordance with the invention, full volt 22 Filed: May 2, 1977 age on the solenoid is maintained for a short period of 2 time which is more than sufficient to allow full travel of : s ; m G10C 3/3/4 the solenoid and then the power is reduced by reducing " " "746,36/, the applied voltage. In accordance with the preferred 58) Field of Search ...................... 84/101.102,103, embodiment, a timer is started when the solenoid is 84/1.28, 19-23, 115, 246; 361/154 commanded on and then when the timer times out, the e command gate signal is turned on and off with a wave 56) References Cited form which can be set at a duty cycle sufficient to main U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS tain the solenoid in the held-in position. 3,864,608 2/1975 Normile et al. ...................... 361/154 3,868,882 3/1975 Fukui et al. ....................... 84/115 X 3 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures SOFT PEDAL ON/OFF COMMAND 4B 4. 6 EXISTING 3 4 6 9 8 4D 25 40 O truly 14 2.43 ED D OSC GATING D 3 15 DRIVER WVEFORY 12 SOFT f "...of sun A TIMER 2. R. "P" D-CYCLEADJUST 3 s C2' c. -T ...if 5 TO SUSTAIN 42 77 PEDAL D 3 4. 6 Y. DRIVER SUSTAIN PEDAL ON/OFF - Didr. COMMAND 4B' *55K POWER REDUCTION CIRCUIT SUSTAIN 54"(Of of TIMER .pf a. As I U.S. Patent Oct. 2, 1979 Sheet 1 of 3 4,169,401 FIG (PRIOR ART). U d ex3 s al BIPHASE TAPE BiPHASE CAg Cas SPACE/MARK - RECORD SPACE/MARK a co ENCODER PLAY L Sa 2 COUNTER SUSTAINgo E3 SOENOD E SOFT PEDAL U.S. Patent Oct. 2, 1979 Sheet 2 of 3 4,169,401 SOFT PEDAL ON/OFF COMMAND 4B EXSTNG t 3 4. 4. 6 - 9 76 (4D 25 40 3 2- O D O D O ST OSC GAING D 14 B8 5 DRIVER vivifax 2 (as 4C I SOFT Es 75-3 E. 4. TIMER ROf T0 +5 SUSTAIN ° DO is6 five 5 D - I-18DYE lap SUSTAIN PEDAL ON/OFF COMMAND 4B *55K FIG 3 it ". POWER REDUCTION CIRCUIT SUSTAIN IOpf Of 2 TIMER - .lpf 44 K FG 4. POWER REDUCTION WAVEFORM ?: DUTY CYCLE SHOWN WAVEFORM 4G SOLENOID 4B COMMAND TIMER 4C -Fu. POWER TO soLEND - so % POWER TO SLEOD SOLENOIDDRIVE 4D SIGNAL U.S. Patent Oct. 2, 1979 Sheet 3 of 3 4,169,401 BIT ASSIGNMENT Cl6 44. G. 87. B32 D 45. A 88. C16 D 46. At 89. E 47. B 90. F 48. C 9. F. 49. C. 92. G 50. D 93. G S. D. 94. A S2 E 95. Af S3, F 96. B 54. F. 97. C 55. G 98. CA S6. G. 99. D 57. A 100. D 58. A 01. E 59. B 102. F 60. C 103. Fl 6. C. 104. O G 62. D 10S. BASS THEME G 63. Dif 106. BASS INTENSITY A 64, E 107. BASS INTENSITY 2 A. 65. F 08. BASS INTENSITY 3 B 66. F. 09. BASS INTENSITY 4 C 67, G 0. O C 68. G. l. TREBLE THEME D 69. A il2. TREBLE INTENSITY Dif 70. Af 113. TREBLE INTENSITY 2 E 7. B 114. TREBLE INTENSITY 3 F 72. C S. TREBLE INTENSITY 4 F. 73. C# 16. 0. G 74. D 117. SUSTAIN PEDAL G 7S. DA 18. SOFT PEDAL A 76. E 19. A. 77. F 120. B 78. F# 121. C (MIDDLE) 79. G 122. C# 80. Gif 123. 8. A 124. 82. Af 125. SYNC 83. B 126. 84. C 127. 2 28. r 32 (14 UNASSIGNED BITS) FIG. 5 4,169,401 1. 2 and sold by the assignee hereof and there is fully de CIRCUIT FOR REDUCING SOLENOED HOLD-N scribed in the “Service Manual' for Teledyne Piano POWER IN ELECTRONIC PLAYER PIANOS AND Recorder/Player Model PP-1, Assembly No. 3288, SMILAR KEYBOARD OPERATED ATL 3263 published in October, 1975; INSTRUMENTS FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the power reduction circuit of the present invention; and RELATED APPLICATIONS FIG. 4A-FIG. 4D inclusive are waveform diagrams This application is related to the following applica which facilitate an understanding of the invention. tions: U.S. Ser. No. 681,093, filed Apr. 28, 1976 for FIG. 5 is a bit assignment chart as shown in the afore "Method and Apparatus For Reproducing A Musical 10 mentioned "Service Manual'. Presentation” of Joseph Max Campbell and now U.S. Referring to FIG. 1, the keyboard of a piano is desig Pat. No. 4,132,142; Ser. No. 681,098, filed Apr. 28, 1976 nated by the numeral 10 as a keyboard data source. It for “Demultiplex and Storage System For Time Divi could be any musical keyboard instrument such as a sion Multiplexed Frames of Musical Data” of William harpsichord, carillon, organ, piano, etc. and each output Solon Finley and now U.S. Pat. No. 4,104,950; and Ser. 15 or switch actuation is indicated by lines 11-1 through No. 680,996, filed Apr. 28, 1976 for "Solenoid-Hammer 11-N, the number of such output lines corresponding to Control System For The Re-Creation of Expression the number of key switch actuations to be sensed or Effects From A Recorded Musical Presentation' of scanned and recorded, for example, 80 keys, and, with Joseph Max Campbell and William Solon Finley and respect to the present invention, the "sustain' and now U.S. Pat. No. 4,132,141, all of which are assigned 20 "soft' pedals or equivalent thereof of an 88 key piano to Teledyne Industries, Inc., the assignee hereof. may be sensed. Multiplexer 12, timed by timing signals BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND from timing source TS, scans or looks at each individual BRIEF DESCRIPTION line 11-1 ... 11-Nin a time sequence which constitutes the data frames and also contains the data which indi In the playing of a player piano by electronic means, 25 a strong solenoid is required to activate the "soft' and cates whether or not the soft or sustain pedals are to be “sustain' playing mechanisms of the piano. In order to actuated. The details of such a word format, shown in obtain the necessary force from solenoids, high currents FIG. 5, is not relevant to the present invention and will must be passed through the solenoids resulting in signifi not be described in detail herein. They are found in the cant power dissipation. During certain performances, 30 above-identified Service Manual, which is a publication the pedal solenoids must be activated for long periods of in the prior art and hence is incorporated herein by time which will cause the solenoids to overheat and reference. Thus, the key switches, expression informa sometimes burn up. Several alternatives have been in tion (bit positions 105-115), and sustain and soft pedal vestigated to eliminate the problem, the first of which (bit positions 117 and 118) actuations are sensed by the was a switch which was activated by the solenoid as it 35 digital multiplexer 12 one at a time and in a general neared the end of its travel. This switch inserted a resis sequential fashion. However, if no transpositions are tance that reduced the voltage applied to the solenoid contemplated, it is not necessary that they be sequen and thus reduced the power dissipation while still main tially examined: They may be looked at or scanned in taining the solenoid in the held-in position. The problem groups in any fashion or order, the only criteria being with this arrangement is that the adjustments are critical that the position of the particular switch and its scan and the switch mechanism is costly to build and install. time be maintained in the entire system. Multiplexer 12 A second alternative is to simply provide sufficient heat thereby translates the parallel data of the key switch sink material around the solenoid to remove the heat actuations to serial data stream along its output line 13 and maintain it at a reasonable working temperature. and this serial data stream is in frames of data of 128 bits This approach was found to be unsatisfactory in that it 45 in length containing the data above-identified along was impractical to provide sufficient heat sink inside a with synchronizing data as produced by synchronizer piano to keep the solenoid at a reasonable temperature 10-S and supplied by lines 11-S. This data is then en during extremely long activation periods. Moreover, coded in a phase encoder 14 which receives timing this heating up effect could be detrimental to the piano signals from timing source TS, and recorded on mag itself by drying it out. The solution to this problem 50 netic tape in a tape recorder-playback unit 15. Since the according to the present invention maintains full volt present invention is only concerned with the soft and age on the solenoid for a short period of time-more sustain pedal solenoids, only these will be described than sufficient to allow full travel-and then reduces later herein in detail.
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