Development of East German
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BIbLIOGRAPHY 2016 AFI Annual Report. (2017). Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Retrieved July 31, 2017, from https://www.afi-global.org/sites/default/files/publica- tions/2017-05/2016%20AFI%20Annual%20Report.pdf. A Law of the Abolition of Currencies in a Small Denomination and Rounding off a Fraction, July 15, 1953, Law No.60 (Shōgakutsūka no seiri oyobi shiharaikin no hasūkeisan ni kansuru hōritsu). Retrieved April 11, 2017, from https:// web.archive.org/web/20020628033108/http://www.shugiin.go.jp/itdb_ housei.nsf/html/houritsu/01619530715060.htm. About PBC. (2018, August 21). The People’s Bank of China. Retrieved August 21, 2018, from http://www.pbc.gov.cn/english/130712/index.html. About Us. Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Retrieved July 31, 2017, from https:// www.afi-global.org/about-us. AFI Official Members. Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Retrieved July 31, 2017, from https://www.afi-global.org/sites/default/files/inlinefiles/AFI%20 Official%20Members_8%20February%202018.pdf. Ahamed, L. (2009). Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. London: Penguin Books. Alderman, L., Kanter, J., Yardley, J., Ewing, J., Kitsantonis, N., Daley, S., Russell, K., Higgins, A., & Eavis, P. (2016, June 17). Explaining Greece’s Debt Crisis. The New York Times. Retrieved January 28, 2018, from https://www.nytimes. com/interactive/2016/business/international/greece-debt-crisis-euro.html. Alesina, A. (1988). Macroeconomics and Politics (S. Fischer, Ed.). NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 3, 13–62. Alesina, A. (1989). Politics and Business Cycles in Industrial Democracies. Economic Policy, 4(8), 57–98. © The Author(s) 2018 355 R. Ray Chaudhuri, Central Bank Independence, Regulations, and Monetary Policy, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58912-5 356 BIBLIOGRAPHY Alesina, A., & Grilli, V. -
The Terminal Mesolithic and Early Neolithic Log Boats of Stralsund- Mischwasserspeicher (Hansestadt Stralsund, Fpl
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263238670 The Terminal Mesolithic and Early Neolithic log boats of Stralsund- Mischwasserspeicher (Hansestadt Stralsund, Fpl. 225). Evidence of early waterborne transport on the German Southe... Chapter · January 2009 CITATION READS 1 435 2 authors: Stefanie Klooß Harald Lübke Archäologisches Landesamt Schleswig-Holstein Zentrum für Baltische und Skandinavische Archäologie 30 PUBLICATIONS 177 CITATIONS 127 PUBLICATIONS 753 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Untersuchungen und Materialien zur Steinzeit in Schleswig-Holstein und im Ostseeraum View project Archaeology of Hunting View project All content following this page was uploaded by Stefanie Klooß on 20 June 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Forschungsinstitut für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Sonderdruck aus Ronald Bockius (ed.) BETWEEN THE SEAS TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE IN NAUTICAL TECHNOLOGY PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BOAT AND SHIP ARCHAEOLOGY MAINZ 2006 ISBSA 11 Hosted by Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Forschungsbereich Antike Schiffahrt, Mainz With support from Gesellschaft der Freunde des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 2009 STEFANIE KLOOSS · HARALD LÜBKE THE TERMINAL MESOLITHIC AND EARLY NEOLITHIC LOGBOATS OF STRALSUND-MISCHWASSERSPEICHER EVIDENCE OF EARLY WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ON THE GERMAN SOUTHERN BALTIC COAST At the German Baltic coast excellent conditions exist for the preservation of archaeological objects, and even for organic material, wood, bark or plant fibre. Due to the worldwide sea level rise and the isostatic land sinking after the Weichselian glaciation, a regular sunken landscape with traces of human dwelling- places and other activities is preserved below the present sea level at the S.W. -
Socialist Planning
Socialist Planning Socialist planning played an enormous role in the economic and political history of the twentieth century. Beginning in the USSR it spread round the world. It influenced economic institutions and economic policy in countries as varied as Bulgaria, USA, China, Japan, India, Poland and France. How did it work? What were its weaknesses and strengths? What is its legacy for the twenty-first century? Now in its third edition, this textbook is fully updated to cover the findings of the period since the collapse of the USSR. It provides an overview of socialist planning, explains the underlying theory and its limitations, looks at its implementation in various sectors of the economy, and places developments in their historical context. A new chap- ter analyses how planning worked in the defence–industry complex. This book is an ideal text for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in comparative economic systems and twentieth-century economic history. michael ellman is Emeritus Professor in the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. He is the author, co- author and editor of numerous books and articles on the Soviet and Russian economies, on transition economics, and on Soviet economic and political history. In 1998, he was awarded the Kondratieff prize for his ‘contributions to the development of the social sciences’. Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.122.253.212 on Sat Jan 10 18:08:28 GMT 2015. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139871341 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2015 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 128.122.253.212 on Sat Jan 10 18:08:28 GMT 2015. -
77 3 the Estimation of Gross Domestic Product and Its Growth
LA7.772 - 3 The Estimation of Gross Domestic Product and Its Growth Rate for the German Democratic Republic Public Disclosure Authorized Irwin L. Collier . r', 'WORLD BANK STAFF WORKING PAPERS Number 773 A Background Study for Doilar GNPs of the U.S.S.R. anid Ensfern Euirope Public Disclosure Authorized 0- ..- Public Disclosure Authorized 0 0- Public Disclosure Authorized WORLD BANK STAFF WORKING PAPERS Number 773 A Background Study for Dollar GNPs of the U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe The Estimation of Gross Domestic Producd and Its Growth Rate for the German Democratic Republic Irwin L. Collier The World Bank Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Copyright (© 1985 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing November 1985 This is a working document published informally by the World Bank. To present the results of research with the least possible delay, the typescript has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. The publication is supplied at a token charge to defray part of the cost of manufacdtue and distribution. The World Bank does not accept responsibility for the views expressed herein, which are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the World Bank or to its affiliated organizations. The findings, interpretations, and conclusioins are the results of rescilch supported by the Bank; they do not necessarily represent official policy of the Bank. -
The Reliability of China's Economic Data
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Staff Research Project January 28, 2013 The Reliability of China’s Economic Data: An Analysis of National Output by Iacob N. Koch-Weser USCC Policy Analyst, Economics and Trade Disclaimer: This paper is the product of professional research performed by staff of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, and was prepared at the request of the Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission’s website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 108-7. However, the public release of this document does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission, any individual Commissioner, or the Commission’s other professional staff, of the views or conclusions expressed in this staff research report. 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Section I: The Quality of Statistical Work ..................................................................................... -
World Bank Document
Report No. 26839-RU No. Report Russian Federation Country Financial Accountablility Assessment Accountablility Financial Country Federation Russian Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank World Document of the Asia Region Europe and Central and Services Unit Policy Operations September 16, 2003 Assessment Accountability Country Financial Russian Federation Report No. 26839-RU CTJFtFtENCY EOUIVALENTS Unit of currency = Ruble EXCHANGE RATE US$ 1 = 3 1.825 Rubles (December 30,2002) ACRONYMNS AND ABBREVIATIONS AC Accounts Chamber PAC Public Accounts Committee ASOSAI Asian Organization of Supreme Audit PEIR Public Expenditure and Institutional Institutions Review CAS Country Assistance Strategy PIU Project Implementation Unit CBR Central Bank of Russia PSC Public Sector Committee COA Chart of Accounts RF Russian Federation CID Control and Inspections Division RFTA Regional Fiscal Technical Assistance CIFA Core Integrative Fiduciary Assessment ROSC Report on Observance of Standards and Code CPI Corruption Perceptions Index SAI Supreme Audit Institution CPPR Country Portfolio Performance Reviews SAL Sectoral Adjustment Loan DFID Department for International Development SNAO Swedish national Accounting Office (UK) ESW Economic and Sector Work SOE State-Owned Enterprise EUROSAI European Organization of Supreme Audit su Spending Units Institutions FMI Financial Management Initiative TGL Treasury General Ledger FMIS Financial Management Information -
Structural Change in Russian Transition
Gregory: Russian Structural Change 5/28/2004 Structural Change in Russian Transition Paul R. Gregory Professor of Economics University of Houston May 25, 2004 Final Version Gregory: Russian Structural Change 5/28/2004 INTRODUCTION Socialist economies such as the Soviet Union practiced centralized distribution of resources according to what became known as “planner’s preferences”.1 Planner’s preferences were essentially the preferences of the dictatorial government rather than of consumers. The distribution of resources was also affected by special interests such as the military-industrial complex or the heavy industry lobby. In addition, rigidity of material balance planning or “planning from the achieved level,” produced additional deviations from market-like resource allocations. Finally, relative autarky of the socialist economies (primarily limited to intra- COMECON trade) prevented them from realizing their comparative advantages and created additional biases. Consequently, the patterns of resource allocation and structural proportions (as observed in the structure of GDP, consumer budgets, foreign trade, and so on) that emerged in the Soviet period differed significantly from those of market economies at similar levels of development. These structural distortions produced inefficiencies that were in part responsible for inadequate levels and distorted structures of consumption in Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union and for the stagnation of these economies in the 1970s and 1980s.2 Transitional economies, including Russia, started their transformation with initial conditions inherited from the pre-existing socialist economies. It is therefore natural to expect that these economies, after the removal of the constraints of planning, should move in the direction of more “normal” proportions of market economies in the process. -
Countries Codes and Currencies 2020.Xlsx
World Bank Country Code Country Name WHO Region Currency Name Currency Code Income Group (2018) AFG Afghanistan EMR Low Afghanistan Afghani AFN ALB Albania EUR Upper‐middle Albanian Lek ALL DZA Algeria AFR Upper‐middle Algerian Dinar DZD AND Andorra EUR High Euro EUR AGO Angola AFR Lower‐middle Angolan Kwanza AON ATG Antigua and Barbuda AMR High Eastern Caribbean Dollar XCD ARG Argentina AMR Upper‐middle Argentine Peso ARS ARM Armenia EUR Upper‐middle Dram AMD AUS Australia WPR High Australian Dollar AUD AUT Austria EUR High Euro EUR AZE Azerbaijan EUR Upper‐middle Manat AZN BHS Bahamas AMR High Bahamian Dollar BSD BHR Bahrain EMR High Baharaini Dinar BHD BGD Bangladesh SEAR Lower‐middle Taka BDT BRB Barbados AMR High Barbados Dollar BBD BLR Belarus EUR Upper‐middle Belarusian Ruble BYN BEL Belgium EUR High Euro EUR BLZ Belize AMR Upper‐middle Belize Dollar BZD BEN Benin AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BTN Bhutan SEAR Lower‐middle Ngultrum BTN BOL Bolivia Plurinational States of AMR Lower‐middle Boliviano BOB BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina EUR Upper‐middle Convertible Mark BAM BWA Botswana AFR Upper‐middle Botswana Pula BWP BRA Brazil AMR Upper‐middle Brazilian Real BRL BRN Brunei Darussalam WPR High Brunei Dollar BND BGR Bulgaria EUR Upper‐middle Bulgarian Lev BGL BFA Burkina Faso AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BDI Burundi AFR Low Burundi Franc BIF CPV Cabo Verde Republic of AFR Lower‐middle Cape Verde Escudo CVE KHM Cambodia WPR Lower‐middle Riel KHR CMR Cameroon AFR Lower‐middle CFA Franc XAF CAN Canada AMR High Canadian Dollar CAD CAF Central African Republic -
Micro Database Investment Funds Statistics Base Data Report 2020-05
Micro Database Investment Funds Statistics Base Data Report 2020-05 Data available from 2009-09 to 2020-06 Metadata Version: IFS-Base-Data-Doc-v3-1 DOI: 10.12757/Bbk.IFSBase.09092006 Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Data and Service Centre Jannick Blaschke Heike Haupenthal Deutsche Bundesbank Research Data and Service Centre 2 Abstract We describe the research dataset “Investment Funds Statistics Base” using a structured metadata schema.1) This document consists of three sections. In the first section, we describe the general properties of the dataset as a whole, such as its scope and coverage as well as the methods of data collection and data appraisal. The second section looks at the variable level, providing an overview and detailed tables for each variable. In addition, this section looks at the value level and provides codelists, i.e. information on the meaning of values for categorical variables. The third section provides relevant definitions. Keywords: Investment Funds, Funds, IFS, IFS-Base, Money Market Funds, MMFs, Financial Mar- kets, Banking Research, Shadow Banking, Behavioral Finance, Financial Stability Metadata Version: IFS-Base-Data-Doc-v3-1 DOI: 10.12757/Bbk.IFSBase.09092006 Citation: Blaschke, J., and H. Haupenthal (2020). Investment Funds Statistics Base, Data Report 2020-05 – Metadata Version 3-1. Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Data and Service Centre. 1 The metadata scheme is derived from the “Data Documentation Initiative” (DDI, http://www.ddialliance.org). Investment Funds Statistics Base Data Report 2020-05 3 Contents 1 Dataset description .................................... 4 1.1 Overview and identification . 4 1.2 Dataset scope and coverage . 5 1.3 Data collection . -
Television and the Cold War in the German Democratic Republic
0/-*/&4637&: *ODPMMBCPSBUJPOXJUI6OHMVFJU XFIBWFTFUVQBTVSWFZ POMZUFORVFTUJPOT UP MFBSONPSFBCPVUIPXPQFOBDDFTTFCPPLTBSFEJTDPWFSFEBOEVTFE 8FSFBMMZWBMVFZPVSQBSUJDJQBUJPOQMFBTFUBLFQBSU $-*$,)&3& "OFMFDUSPOJDWFSTJPOPGUIJTCPPLJTGSFFMZBWBJMBCMF UIBOLTUP UIFTVQQPSUPGMJCSBSJFTXPSLJOHXJUI,OPXMFEHF6OMBUDIFE ,6JTBDPMMBCPSBUJWFJOJUJBUJWFEFTJHOFEUPNBLFIJHIRVBMJUZ CPPLT0QFO"DDFTTGPSUIFQVCMJDHPPE Revised Pages Envisioning Socialism Revised Pages Revised Pages Envisioning Socialism Television and the Cold War in the German Democratic Republic Heather L. Gumbert The University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor Revised Pages Copyright © by Heather L. Gumbert 2014 All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (be- yond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America c Printed on acid- free paper 2017 2016 2015 2014 5 4 3 2 A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978– 0- 472– 11919– 6 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978– 0- 472– 12002– 4 (e- book) Revised Pages For my parents Revised Pages Revised Pages Contents Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 1 Cold War Signals: Television Technology in the GDR 14 2 Inventing Television Programming in the GDR 36 3 The Revolution Wasn’t Televised: Political Discipline Confronts Live Television in 1956 60 4 Mediating the Berlin Wall: Television in August 1961 81 5 Coercion and Consent in Television Broadcasting: The Consequences of August 1961 105 6 Reaching Consensus on Television 135 Conclusion 158 Notes 165 Bibliography 217 Index 231 Revised Pages Revised Pages Acknowledgments This work is the product of more years than I would like to admit. -
International Indicators of Development in Transforming Economy and Society
International indicators of development in transforming economy and society Jan Fischer Czech Statistical Office Na padesátém 81 100 82 Prague 10, Czech Republic [email protected] If we are to explain the influence of the worldwide movement for the implementation and dissemination of international indicators of development on the situation in the Czech Republic, we should mention at least in a nutshell the substantial changes that occurred in last 15 years. The Velvet Revolution of 1989 made it possible to launch a rather quiet and general process of transforming the socialistic system into a democratic society with market economy. Of this process in the area of the State Statistical Service the following is worth mentioning in particular: − transition from balance aggregates of the planned economy (mostly not revealed to public) to national accounting macro-aggregates brought out broadly on a regular basis, − respecting of “fundamentals”, especially the introduction of the protection of individual data provided to statistical service authorities, − abandonment of the uniform system of socio-economic classifications (conforming to the former Comecon’s system of classifications and only indirectly convertible to UN classifications) and step-by-step introduction of the direct use of the classifications recommended to the EU member states (i.e. including classifications of international organisations such as ILO, FAO, WHO, etc.), − replacement of industrial (branch) output indicators (and follow-up ones) from the era of planned economy with -
The Economic Impact of Social Ties: Evidence from German Reunification
The Economic Impact of Social Ties: Evidence from German Reunification∗ Konrad B. Burchardiy Tarek A. Hassanz November, 2010 Job Market Paper Abstract We use the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 to identify a causal effect of social ties between West and East Germans on economic growth, household income, and firm investment: West German regions which (for idiosyncratic reasons) had closer social ties to East Germany prior to 1989 experienced faster growth in income per capita after reunification. A one standard deviation rise in the share of households with social ties to East Germany is associated with a 4.6% rise in income per capita over five years. Much of this effect on regional economic growth seems to be driven by a rise in entrepreneurial activity. Moreover, firms which are based in West German regions with closer social ties to the East in 1989 are more likely to operate a subsidiary in East Germany even today. At the household level, West German households with relatives in East Germany in 1989 experienced a persistent rise in their income after the fall of the Berlin Wall. We interpret our findings as evidence of a persistent effect of social ties in 1989 on regional economic development and provide evidence on possible mechanisms. JEL Classification: O11, P16, N40. Keywords: economic development, German reunification, networks, social ties. ∗We are grateful to Philippe Aghion, Oriana Bandiera, Tim Besley, Davide Cantoni, Wendy Carlin, Jason Garred, Maitreesh Ghatak, Claudia Goldin, Jennifer Hunt, Erik Hurst, Nathan Nunn, Rohini Pande, Torsten Persson, Michael Peters, Steve Redding, Daniel Sturm, and seminar participants at Harvard, the University of Chicago, UCLA, the London School of Economics, the EDP Meeting London, and London Business School for useful comments.