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World Heritage Sites in Finland (PDF) WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN FINLAND WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN FINLAND There are currently seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Finland. Six of them are cultural heritage sites and one is a natural heritage site. Each of the sites represents outstanding, universally valuable cultural or natural heritage. www.maailmanperinto.fi/en CONTENTS World Heritage – Our Common Treasure ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 Fortress of Suomenlinna ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 6 STRUVE GEODETIC ARC Old Rauma ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 Petäjävesi Old Church �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 Verla Groundwood and Board Mill ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 Sammallahdenmäki Bronze Age Burial Site �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 Struve Geodetic Arc ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 16 KVARKEN Kvarken Archipelago ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 ARCHIPELAGO PETÄJÄVESI OLD CHURCH OLD RAUMA SAMMALLAHDEN- MÄKI VERLA SUOMEN- SUOMENLINNA LINNA IMAGE: ARTTU KOKKONEN MUSTAVIIRI, STRUVE GEODETIC ARC 2 IMAGE: SIRKKA IMAGE 3 a masterpiece of human creative genius, bear a 2003 and ratified by Finland in 2013. Intangible WORLD HERITAGE unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cul- living cultural heritage may include oral tradition, tural tradition or to a civilisation which is living or performing arts, ceremonies, crafts, culinary – OUR COMMON TREASURE which has disappeared, be an outstanding exam- heritage and information and skills related to the ple of a type of building, architectural or techno- local environment. The convention highlights the WORLD HERITAGE OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL logical ensemble or landscape. Cultural heritage importance of traditions, cultural diversity and CONVENTION VALUE sites may also be an example of a traditional the significance of people in the context of cultur- human settlement, land-use or sea-use which is al heritage. Communities have an irreplaceable The World Heritage Convention is an inter- All World Heritage Sites are of Outstanding representative of a culture or human interaction role in identifying and defining intangible cultural national convention on the protection of the Universal Value (OUV), either cultural or natural, with the environment. heritage. world’s cultural and natural heritage sites adopt- which is the basic requirement for becoming a ed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific World Heritage Site. Natural heritage sites must contain areas of and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1972. exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic impor- The Outstanding Universal Value represents the tance, be an outstanding example represent- The purpose of the World Heritage Convention is unique significance of UNESCO World Heritage ing major stages of the Earth’s history, be an to indicate and ensure the value and conservation Sites that surpasses established international outstanding example representing significant of the world’s most essential cultural and natural borders. Sites must contain all the elements that ongoing ecological and biological processes and heritage sites. World Heritage is considered to be display their Outstanding Universal Value in as contain natural habitats of threatened species. the property of all of humankind, and everyone is intact and unaltered form as possible within their responsible for conserving it for future generations. individual context. If the site is under threat, for example, due to an armed conflict, a natural disaster, uncontrolled States that have ratified the convention can nom- WORLD HERITAGE LIST tourism or construction work performed on the inate sites to be added to the World Heritage List. site or in its immediate vicinity, it can be added The World Heritage Committee, which consists The World Heritage List consists of various to the List of World Heritage in danger. If the site of 21 member states, makes decisions regarding cultural and natural sites and their combinations. loses a key characteristic which was considered which sites are added to the list. Finland ratified In total, there are more than a thousand sites to be a precondition for being designated as a the World Heritage Convention in 1987. all over the world. Some sites are located in an World Heritage Site, it can be removed from the area that crosses one or more borders. The list is list. balanced by focusing on underrepresented geo- graphic areas and themes, such as 20th century architecture, cultural landscapes and industrial INTANGIBLE CULTURAL sites. HERITAGE SUOMENLINNA In order to become listed, the site must fulfil cer- The Convention for the Safeguarding of the OLD RAUMA IMAGE: AINO HEININEN IMAGE: CITY OF RAUMA tain criteria. Cultural heritage sites can represent Intangible Cultural Heritage was adopted in 4 5 IMAGE: ARTTU KOKKONEN ARTTU IMAGE: FROM VIAPORI TO AINO HEININEN IMAGE: SUOMENLINNA The construction of the fortress began in 1748, under Swedish rule and the supervision of August Ehrensvärd. The purpose of the fortress was to act as a naval base and defend the mainland. The for- tress was named Sveaborg, which was translated into Finnish as Viapori. In 1808, Sveaborg surren- dered to Russian troops, and it became a Russian military base and garrison town. In 1855, the fortress was badly damaged in the Crimean war. The fortress received its current name, Suomen- linna, in 1918. Finland had become independent a year before. The fortress was placed under civilian administration in 1973. Suomenlinna is now a living district of Helsinki with about 800 inhabitants. ONE OF FINLAND’S MOST POPULAR SITES IMAGE: SUPER OTUS IMAGE: The ferry trip to the fortress of Suomenlinna from Helsinki Market Square takes about 15 min- utes. There are approximately 200 buildings in FORTRESS OF an area of 80 hectares on the eight islands of the Suomenlinna district. The fortress boasts about 6 SUOMENLINNA kilometres of walls and 105 cannons. The fortress is one of Finland’s most popular The Fortress of Suomenlinna was added to the UNESCO World tourist sites with approximately one million Heritage List in 1991 as a unique monument of the European for- visitors every year. Suomenlinna’s services are tress architecture of the 18th century. The special feature of the available throughout the year. Events and guided unconventional bastion fort is that, in the course of its history, it has tours are arranged all year round. served in the defence of three realms: Sweden, Russia and Finland. www.suomenlinna.fi/en 7 IMAGE: CITY OF RAUMA IMAGE: HEART OF THE TOWN more than 600 buildings in an area of 29 hec- tares in Old Rauma, most of which are owned by Old Rauma is a historical area of architecture, private persons. and its narrow streets are lined with buildings constructed as early as in the 18th century. The The Old Rauma wooden town area offers a area currently known as Old Rauma was estab- variety of services for locals and tourists alike. lished slowly after the fire in 1682. Commerce and services are concentrated around the market square and the two main streets. A The town of Rauma did not expand outside the variety of stores, cafés and restaurants and atel- Old Rauma area before the beginning of the 20th iers can be found there. century. The World Heritage Site at the centre of the town remains the beating heart of the town. The Old Rauma area has a variety of attractions, such as museums and the medieval stone church, Church of the Holy Cross. Approximately half a ”KYL RAUM O AIN RAUM“ million tourists visit the site every year. (’RAUMA WILL ALWAYS BE RAUMA‘) www.vanharauma.fi/en The Old Rauma area currently provides homes for 800 people in a historical setting. There are IMAGE: CITY OF RAUMA IMAGE: OLD RAUMA Old Rauma was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1991 as the largest contiguous wooden town area in the Nordics. Its authenticity is based on its well-preserved historic building stock, including the medieval street networks and a vibrant community. 9 IMAGE: ANNE KALLIOLA IMAGE: FOUR CENTURIES OF FINNISH ANNE KALLIOLA IMAGE: FOLKLORE The Petäjävesi Old Church, built by the peasants of Central Finland in 1763–1765, is a master- piece of woodcarving, and the greatest emotions one can experience are concealed within it. The old church is dear to the residents of Petäjävesi, and it is an enchanting attraction for thousands of visitors every year. The outstanding architec- tural and engineering value of the church are apparent inside the church, as the interior deco- ration of the church is almost completely original. The story of the cross-shaped church is repre- sentative of Finnish obstinance and the
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