320X240 320X

No. 1 2 3 4 Proponent Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Profile PD PD PD SD Mandatory/Optional in Spec(note1) Mandatory Resolution (Nominal) 320x240 320X180 416x240 480x360 Picture Aspect Ratio (Nominal) 1.33 1.78 1.78 1.33 Horizontal Encoded Frame Size - N/16 - 1 = 320 320 416 480 Verticalpic_width_in_mbs_minus1 Encoded Frame Size - N/16 - 1 = pic_height_in_map_units_minus1 240 192 240 360 Active Picture Width (Max) 320 320 416 480 Active Picture Height (Max) 240 180 240 360 Cropping Center Center Center Center picture, picture in picture, picture, AVC crop 180 line AVC crop AVC crop set to area, AVC set to set to active area crop set to active area active area active area

Overscan Flag = 1? No No No No Aspect Ratio Sample Aspect Ratio - aspect_ratio_idc (sar_width, sar_height - if necessary) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Aspect Ratio - Container ["picture" del] 1.333 1.667 1.733 1.333 Picture Aspect Ratio - Active 1.333 1.778 1.733 1.333 Display width (sq. pixels, w/o overscan) 320 320 416 480 Display width Max (sq. pixels, w/ overscan) 320 320 416 480 Frame rates 11.99p, 11.99p, 11.99p, 11.99p, 14.99p, 14.99p, 14.99p, 14.99p, 23.976p, 23.976p, 23.976p, 23.976p, 25p, 25p, 25p, 25p, 29.97p 29.97p 29.97p 29.97p

Progressive / interlace Progressiv Progressiv Progressiv Progressiv Black Padding e e e e Inactive frame areas shall be filled with visible black (RGB=16, 16, 16) Quantization range[2] Luma (Y') 16-235 visible (not clipped, 1 - 255 valid)

Color space [3] BT.709-5, , chroma +/-128 (clipped; i.e. no negative RGB coefficients) Recommended practice topics Interlaced temporal sub-sampling, Content not interlace filtered, intended for deinterlacers and progressive display (device should flicker filter if direct to interlaced CRT). Encoding 3:2 pulldown not filtering recommended.

Gamma curve, render intent, display maritx_coefficients=1, i.e. BT.601 and BT.709 gamma. Video balanced on standard gamma 2.2 studio monitor and viewing conditions, devices shall provide gamma adaptation compensation (e.g. 2.5 - 3.0 for small screens and bright viewing, 1.8 - 2.0 for home theater) 50Hz Devices shall decode 50Hz picture formats allowed above. Devices shall display 50Hz formats if equipped with internal displays. Devices shall output at 50 Hz or higher, if equipped with compatible video outputs, e.g. SCART, HDMI, VGA, etc. Format conversion from 25/50Hz to 60Hz outputs is optional for devices. [1] e.g. NTSC, PAL, anamorphic, sq, … [2] e.g. 16-235, 0-255, +/-128, … [3] e.g. Rec 601, 709; negative coefficients

(note1) Mandatory: Mandatory for all devices to support for each corresponding Profile. Optional: Optional for all devices to support for each corresponding Profile. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft SD SD SD SD SD SD HD Mandatory 640x480 864x480 704x480 704x480 720x480 720x480 1280X720 1.33 1.78 1.33 1.78 1.33 1.78 1.78

640 864 704 704 720 720 1280

480 480 480 480 480 480 720 640 864 704 704 704 704 1280 480 480 480 480 480 480 720 Center Center Center Center Center Center Center picture, picture, picture, picture, picture, picture, picture, AVC crop AVC crop AVC crop AVC crop AVC crop AVC crop AVC crop set to set to set to set to set to set to set to active area active area active area active area active area active area active area

No No No No Yes Yes No

1.00 1.00 0.91 1.21 0.91 1.21 1.00 1.333 1.800 1.333 1.778 1.364 1.818 1.778 1.333 1.800 1.333 1.778 1.333 1.778 1.778 640 864 640 853 640 853 1280 640 864 640 853 655 873 1280 11.99p, 11.99p, 23.976p, 23.976p, 23.976p, 23.976p, 23.976p, 14.99p, 14.99p, 29.97i 29.97i 29.97i 29.97i 25p, 23.976p, 23.976p, 29.97p, 25p, 25p 50p, 29.97p 59.94p

Progressiv Progressiv Both Both Both Both Progressiv e Inactive framee areas shall be filled with visible black (RGB=16, 16, 16) e Luma (Y') 16-235 visible (not clipped, 1 - 255 valid)

BT.709-5, , chroma +/-128 (clipped; i.e. no negative RGB coefficients) Content not interlace filtered, intended for deinterlacers and progressive display (device should flicker filter if direct to interlaced CRT). Encoding 3:2 pulldown not recommended.

960 1440 1920

720 1088 1088 960 1440 1920 720 1080 1080 Center Center Center picture, picture in picture in AVC crop 1080 line 1080 line set to area, AVC area, AVC active area crop set to crop set to active area active area

No No No

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.333 1.324 1.765 1.333 1.333 1.778 960 1440 1920 960 1440 1920 23.976p, 23.976p, 23.976p, 25p, 25p, 25p, 29.97p, 29.97p, 29.97p, 50p, 50p, 25i, 50p, 25i, 59.94p 29.97i 29.97i

Progressiv Both Both Inactive frame areas shall be filled with visible black (RGB=16, 16, 16) e Luma (Y') 16-235 visible (not clipped, 1 - 255 valid)

maritx_coefficients=1, i.e. BT.601 and BT.709 gamma. Video balanced on standard gamma 2.2 studio monitor and viewing conditions, devices shall provide gamma compensation (e.g. 2.5 - 3.0 for small screens and bright viewing, 1.8 - 2.0 for home theater) Devices shall decode 50Hz picture formats allowed above. Devices shall display 50Hz formats if equipped with internal displays. Devices shall output at 50 Hz or higher, if equipped with compatible video outputs, e.g. SCART, HDMI, VGA, etc. Format conversion from 25/50Hz to 60Hz outputs is optional for devices. Notes to Discuss: • [MS] Attempting to pre-correct for limited devices at encoding (e.g. vertical resolution filtering to prevent “CRT flicker”, encoding letterbox bars, encoded pulldown, etc.) usually compromises high end devices (progressive displays, 120Hz, motion interpolation, automatic PAR adaptation, etc.) Not correct: MS recommending video encoded optimized for progressive studio monitor and viewing conditions. Devices shall be responsible for interlace flicker filtering,2:3 pulldown, and gamma correction for display conditions. • [MS] Might recommend safe areas based on device cropping to 4:3 No; the visible picture area is explicitly specified by AVC cropping parameters. "Overscan" area is also explicitly defined. Legacy TV behavior still requires 5%/10% safe area boarders for encoded frame. • [MS] Clarification of “exact scan” pixel dimensions to avoid unnecessary scaling (e.g. 704 or 720 = 4:3? = 16:9 anamorphic?) Display intent must be specified explicitly using correct SAR in h.264 • [SPE] Proposes a new MP4 box for optional frame crop. • Crop box parameters shall be constant through an entire track • Crop box must exist in every sync sample for random access. • Luma crop parameters must be a multiple of 2 to compensate for 4:2:0 subsampling of chroma pixels. • Top and Bottom luma crop parameters are limited to a multiple of 4 to compensate for field based presentations in 4:2:0. • Composition objects such as subtitles require positioning methods to coordinate with frame cropping. This is not included in the scope of this box and must be defined elsewhere. • [MS] Vertical coding size can be any number of lines up to defined maximum number. • [MS] Some of current internet streaming distributed contents are encoded with respect to aspect ratio of the source video. • PC software platforms are capable of handling as it is done today • CE platforms may not be capable of handling flexible sized videoformat (although iPod, Zune, cell phones, Walkman, etc. do). • Limited guaranteed video format supported in LSI (Required in decoder, usually supported in display processing, which must convert to square pixels, different display sizes, different output signal formats) • Increase in testing –can not guarantee every combination (only 14 frame sizes proposed and required AVC cropping) • [SPE] Define active video window in MP4 file format as DECE unique user data (Existing AVC elementary stream method using SEI would keep this in the elementary stream for all containers and streaming, and deliver the information directly to decoder) • [SPE] Contents are encoded with embedded black lines as done today (for non-internet streaming contents) • [SPE] PC software uses MP4 file format to crop the embedded black lines as post process before displaying the contents. • [SPE] CE platform displays/outputs with black lines –may optionally crop the black lines. [MS] Attempting to pre-correct for limited devices at encoding (e.g. vertical resolution filtering to prevent “CRT flicker”, encoding letterbox bars, encoded pulldown, etc.) usually compromises high end devices (progressive displays, 120Hz, motion interpolation, automatic PAR adaptation, etc.) Not correct: MS recommending video encoded optimized for progressive studio monitor and viewing conditions. Devices shall be responsible for interlace flicker filtering,2:3 pulldown, and gamma correction for display conditions. No; the visible picture area is explicitly specified by AVC cropping parameters. "Overscan" area is also explicitly defined. Legacy TV behavior still requires 5%/10% safe area boarders for encoded frame. [MS] Clarification of “exact scan” pixel dimensions to avoid unnecessary scaling (e.g. 704 or 720 = 4:3? = 16:9 anamorphic?) Display intent must be specified explicitly using correct SAR in h.264

Luma crop parameters must be a multiple of 2 to compensate for 4:2:0 subsampling of chroma pixels. Top and Bottom luma crop parameters are limited to a multiple of 4 to compensate for field based presentations in 4:2:0. Composition objects such as subtitles require positioning methods to coordinate with frame cropping. This is not included in the scope of this box and must be defined elsewhere. [MS] Vertical coding size can be any number of lines up to defined maximum number. No; only standard frame sizes are encoded. Variable picture area identified by AVC cropping parameters. [MS] Some of current internet streaming distributed contents are encoded with respect to aspect ratio of the source video. MOST Download and streaming content is encoded to actual square pixel picture dimensions (e.g. iTunes, NetFlix, Amazon, Xbox Live, CinemaNow, Hulu, YouTube, etc.)

CE platforms may not be capable of handling flexible sized videoformat (although iPod, Zune, cell phones, Walkman, etc. do). (Required in decoder, usually supported in display processing, which must convert to square pixels, different display sizes, different output signal formats) (only 14 frame sizes proposed and required AVC cropping) [SPE] Define active video window in MP4 file format as DECE unique user data (Existing AVC elementary stream method using SEI would keep this in the elementary stream for all containers and streaming, and deliver the information directly to decoder) [SPE] Contents are encoded with embedded black lines as done today (for non-internet streaming contents) (Same as current Microsoft proposal) [SPE] PC software uses MP4 file format to crop the embedded black lines as post process before displaying the contents. (MS uses AVC crop parameters, required for decoder) [SPE] CE platform displays/outputs with black lines –may optionally crop the black lines. (Decoder always provides croped area, but device can display full frame or other frame that better matches display or video output signal, e.g. DVD players generate 16:9 letterbox frame for 4:3 NTSC signals and displays, or output "anamorphic" scaled 16:9 for NTSC signal and 16:9 display) [MS] Attempting to pre-correct for limited devices at encoding (e.g. vertical resolution filtering to prevent “CRT flicker”, encoding letterbox bars, encoded pulldown, etc.) usually compromises high end devices (progressive displays, 120Hz, motion interpolation, automatic PAR adaptation, etc.) Not correct: MS recommending video encoded optimized for progressive studio monitor and viewing conditions. Devices shall be responsible for interlace flicker filtering,2:3 pulldown, and gamma correction for display conditions. No; the visible picture area is explicitly specified by AVC cropping parameters. "Overscan" area is also explicitly defined. Legacy TV behavior still requires 5%/10% safe area boarders for encoded frame. [MS] Clarification of “exact scan” pixel dimensions to avoid unnecessary scaling (e.g. 704 or 720 = 4:3? = 16:9 anamorphic?) Display intent must be specified explicitly using correct SAR in h.264

Composition objects such as subtitles require positioning methods to coordinate with frame cropping. This is not included in the scope of this box and must be defined elsewhere. No; only standard frame sizes are encoded. Variable picture area identified by AVC cropping parameters. MOST Download and streaming content is encoded to actual square pixel picture dimensions (e.g. iTunes, NetFlix, Amazon, Xbox Live, CinemaNow, Hulu, YouTube, etc.)

(Required in decoder, usually supported in display processing, which must convert to square pixels, different display sizes, different output signal formats)

(Existing AVC elementary stream method using SEI would keep this in the elementary stream for all containers and streaming, and deliver the information directly to decoder)

(MS uses AVC crop parameters, required for decoder) (Decoder always provides croped area, but device can display full frame or other frame that better matches display or video output signal, e.g. DVD players generate 16:9 letterbox frame for 4:3 NTSC signals and displays, or output "anamorphic" scaled 16:9 for NTSC signal and 16:9 display) [MS] Attempting to pre-correct for limited devices at encoding (e.g. vertical resolution filtering to prevent “CRT flicker”, encoding letterbox bars, encoded pulldown, etc.) usually compromises high end devices (progressive displays, 120Hz, motion interpolation, automatic PAR adaptation, etc.)

No; the visible picture area is explicitly specified by AVC cropping parameters. "Overscan" area is also explicitly defined. Legacy TV behavior still requires 5%/10% safe area boarders for encoded frame.

MOST Download and streaming content is encoded to actual square pixel picture dimensions (e.g. iTunes, NetFlix, Amazon, Xbox Live, CinemaNow, Hulu, YouTube, etc.)

(Decoder always provides croped area, but device can display full frame or other frame that better matches display or video output signal, e.g. DVD players generate 16:9 letterbox frame for 4:3 NTSC signals and displays, or output "anamorphic" scaled 16:9 for NTSC signal and 16:9 display) (Decoder always provides croped area, but device can display full frame or other frame that better matches display or video output signal, e.g. DVD players generate 16:9 letterbox frame for 4:3 NTSC signals and displays, or output "anamorphic" scaled 16:9 for NTSC signal and 16:9 display) Sample Pixel Aspect Ratio Pixel aspect ratio (often abbreviated PAR) is a mathematical ratio that describes how the width of pixels in a digital image compares to their height. [Sample Aspect Ratio and Pixels Aspect Ratio are entirely different for digital video, and need to be carefully distinguished by terminology. There is one Sample Aspect Ratio used to encode a segment of video. It is usually displayed with different Pixel Aspect Ratios, which require scaling/resampling and filtering in different ways for different displays or video output signals.

"PAR "is an ambiguous abbreviation that can mean "Picture Aspect Ratio" as well as "Pixel Aspect Ratio".

All we need to know about Sample Aspect Ratio is defined in chart E-1 of the AVC standard. 16 "idc" values are enumerated and defined, and can be referenced to specify our picture formats. There are no values or constraints for pixel aspect ratios, and we won't specify them. -kh]

Most digital imaging systems describe an image as a grid of very small but nonetheless square pixels. However, some imaging systems, especially those which must maintain compatibility with Standard-definition television motion pictures, define an image as a grid of rectangular pixels in which the width of the pixel is slightly different from that of its height. Pixel Aspect Ratio describes this difference. Use of Pixel Aspect Ratio mostly involves pictures pertaining to standard-definition television and some other exceptional cases. Most other imaging systems, including those which comply with SMPTE standards and practices, use square pixels. Pixel aspect ratios of common video formats Pixel Aspect Ratio values for common standard-definition video formats are listed below. Note that for each video format, three different types of Pixel Aspect Ratio values are listed: Rec.601, a Rec.601-compliant value, which is considered the real Pixel Aspect Ratio of standard-definition video of that type. (Read Explanation) Digital, which is roughly equivalent to Rec.601 and is more suitable to use in Digital Video Editing software. (Read Explanation)

Picture Pixel Aspect Ratio Video Dimension Pixel Aspect Ratio (Decimal) System s Rec.601 Digital Rec.601 Digital Standard (4:3) PAL 720×576 (e.g. 576i) 704×576 59:54:00 12:11

Widescreen (16:9)352×288 PAL 118:81 16:11 Standard (4:3) NTSC 720×480 (e.g. 480i) 704×480 10:11

Widescreen (16:9)352×240 NTSC 40:33:00

Picture Aspect Ratio - Active Picture

TV - 1.33 (4:3), 1.78 (16:9) Movies – 1.33 (4:3), 1.85, 2.35, 2.40

Common aspect ratios: 1.33 (4:3 TV), 1.78 (16:9 TV), 1.85 2.0, 2.33, 2.4(film), 16:9 anamorphic 708x483 SMPTE D1 display aperture 704x480 ATSC 4:3? 720x480 DVD 4:3?

The aspect ratio of an image is its width divided by its height. Aspect ratios are mathematically expressed as x :y (pronounced "x-to-y") and x×y (pronounced "x-by-y"). The most common aspect ratios used today in the presentation of films in movie theaters are 1.85:1 and 2.39:1[1]. Two common videographic aspect ratios are 4:3 (1.33:1), universal for standard-definition video formats, and 16:9 (1.78:1), universal to high-definition television and European digital television. Other cinema and video aspect ratios exist, but are used infrequently. In still camera photography, the most common aspect ratios are 4:3, 3:2, and more recently being found in consumer cameras, previously only commonly seen in professional cameras, 16:9[2][3]. Other aspect ratios, such as 5:4, 6:7, and 1:1 (square format), are used in photography as well. Converting formats of unequal ratios is done by either cropping the original image to the receiving format's aspect ratio (zooming), by adding horizontal mattes (letterboxing) or vertical mattes (pillarboxing) to retain the original format's aspect ratio, or by distorting the image to fill the receiving format's ratio. Cinematographic aspect ratios are usually denoted as a decimal fraction width to unit height, while videographic aspect ratios are usually denoted by ratios of whole numbers.

Resolution The display resolution of a digital television or display typically refers to the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. It can be an ambiguous term especially as the displayed resolution is controlled by all different factors in cathode ray tube (CRT) and flat panel or projection displays using fixed picture-element (pixel) arrays. Televisions are of the following resolutions: SDTV: 480i (NTSC, 720×480 split into two 240-line fields) SDTV: 576i (PAL, 720×576 split into two 288-line fields) EDTV: 480p (NTSC, 720×480) EDTV: 576p (PAL, 720×576) HDTV: 720p (1280×720) HDTV: 1080i (1280×1080, 1440×1080, or 1920×1080 split into two 540-line fields) HDTV: 1080p (1920×1080 progressive scan) Computers have higher resolutions. Currently, 1024×768 is regarded as an acceptable default. As of July, 2002, 1024×768 Extended Graphics Array was the most common display resolution.[1][2] Many web sites and multimedia products were re- designed from the previous 800×600 format to the higher 1024×768-optimized layout. The validity of this method of gathering statistics is diminishing, however, as LCD monitors have only one native display resolution - the highest available on that particular monitor. When users select a lower resolution, the lower resolution is reported to the statistics gathering website. This is useful if you want to know what resolution the user is seeing (which most web designers want to know), but it does not tell you the highest resolution the monitor is capable of displaying. Nevertheless, the actual number of pixels in front of the user has not changed. Instead, interpolation in the monitor causes the picture to become fuzzy as it attempts to display an image of the wrong resolution by scaling it. The availability of inexpensive LCD monitors has made the 5:4 aspect ratio resolution of 1280×1024 more popular for desktop usage. Many computer users including CAD users, graphic artists and video game players run their computers at 1600×1200 resolution (UXGA, Ultra-eXtended) or higher if they have the necessary equipment. Other recently available resolutions include oversize aspects like 1400×1050 SXGA+ and wide aspects like 1280×720 WXGA, 1680×1050 WSXGA+, and 1920×1200 WUXGA. A new HD resolution of 2560×1600 WQXGA has been released mainly in 30" LCD monitors. Special monitors for medical diagnostic work are using 3280×2048 WQSXGA, which is the current maximum resolution available in a single monitor. The most common computer display resolutions are as follows:[

Overscan Overscan is extra image area around the four edges of a video image that is not normally seen by the viewer. It exists because television sets in the 1930s through 1970s were highly variable in how the video image was framed within the cathode ray tube (CRT). Early televisions varied in their displayable area because of manufacturing tolerance problems. There were also effects from the early design limitations of linear power supplies, whose DC voltage was not regulated as well as in later switching-type power supplies. This would cause the image to shrink when AC power 'browned out', as well as a process called blooming, where the image size increased slightly when a brighter overall picture was displayed. Because of this, TV producers could not be certain where the visible edges of the image would be. In order to cope with this, they defined three areas:[1]

Title safe: An area visible by all reasonably maintained sets, where text was certain not to be cut off. Action safe: A larger area that represented where a "perfect" set (with high precision to allow less overscanning) would cut the image off. Overscan: The full image area to the electronic edge of the signal.

A significant number of people would still see some of the Overscan area, so while nothing important to a scene could be placed there, it also had to be kept free of microphones, stage hands, and other distractions. Studio monitors and camera viewfinders can be set to show this area, so that producers and directors can make certain it is clear. When activated, this mode is called underscan.[2]

Analog to digital resolution issues 720 vs. 702 or 704 PAL - 702 is the width of analogue, not digital; the definition of what is 4:3, and what is 16:9, derives from here (702 can be either). NTSC - 704 is the width of analogue, not digital; the definition of what is 4:3, and what is 16:9, derives from here (704 can be either).

625 / 525 or 576 / 480 In broadcasting, analogue systems count the lines not used for the visible picture, whereas the digital systems only bother to encode (and compress) content that may contain something to see. The 625 (PAL) and 525 (NTSC) line areas therefore contain even more to overscan, which can be seen when vertical hold is lost and the picture rolls.[citation needed] A large part of the vertical overscan available in analogue only, known as the vertical blanking interval, can be used for older forms of analogue datacasting such as Teletext services (like Ceefex and subtitling in the UK). The equivalent service on Digital television does not employ overscan and instead often uses MHEG.[citation needed] Horizontally, the difference between 702/704 and 720 is referred to as nominal analogue blanking.

480 vs 486 The 525-line system originally contained 486 lines of picture, not 480. Digital foundations to most storage and transmission systems since the early 1990s have meant that analogue NTSC has only been expected to have 480 lines of picture.[citation needed] How this affects the interpretation of "the 4:3 ratio" as equal to 704x480 or 704x486 is unclear, but the VGA standard of 640x480 has had a large impact.[citation needed]

CRT legacy. New model 1:1 sample to pixel (but reality usually involves scaling). Need to explicitly state SAR in video. “Hypothetical reference display”.

Black Padding

Horizontal Subsampling 4:2:0, 4:1:1, 1440h, etc. Sample aspect ratio is changed from the norm. See anamorphic Squeeze, subsample the horizontal to match aspect ratio of non-square pixels.

Quantization range e.g. 16-235, 0-255, +/-128 Color space Rec 601, 709; negative coefficients

50 Hz Professional conversion tools exist but results are just okay Input by SPE Consider building a progressive frame, then output converted interlace frame Standardizing on 24p and 60i for as line standards allows content to be used globally on modern equipment (external displays) Input by Microsoft Restrict 50Hz Contents Allow 50Hz Content and devices in 50Hz Regions (Both Contents & Devices Regionally optional) Allow 50Hz Content Worldwide with a Warning (Contents Regionally optional, Devices mandatory) Playback of 25i content on 60Hz interfaces/displays Gamma curve, render intent, display adaptation

Frame rates 15.00p, 23.97p, 25.00i, 29.97i/p, 50.00p, 59.97i/p (1000/1001 video rates) Any frame rate is OK on a self contained device with decoupled refresh or multisync; but NTSC, PAL, HDMI, etc. video connections have limited frame rate options. Typically, STB can output 24Hz to new displays, or 30i to old (3:2 pulldown) Typically STB can output 24Hz with 3:2 or +4% to 50/60 Hz displays; problem is 25i content to 60Hz only displays. Devices can insert pulldown Setup, color space, 3:2 pulldown, deinterlace, crop, p/s, letterbox, pillarbox, tiltscan, cylindrical stretch Output signal limitations: e.g. 1280x720 may require 1366x720, etc. connection to allow “Overscan” cropping and 1:1 sample to pixel mapping (without scaling and filtering) Progressive or Interlacing

Interlaced temporal sub-sampling, filtering Gamma curve, render intent, display adaptation

Picture Aspect Ratio - Active Picture

TV - 1.33 (4:3), 1.78 (16:9) Movies – 1.33 (4:3), 1.85, 2.35, 2.40

Common aspect ratios: 1.33 (4:3 TV), 1.78 (16:9 TV), 1.85 2.0, 2.33, 2.4(film), 16:9 anamorphic 708x483 SMPTE D1 display aperture 704x480 ATSC 4:3? 720x480 DVD 4:3?

CRT legacy. New model 1:1 sample to pixel (but reality usually involves scaling). Need to explicitly state SAR in video. “Hypothetical reference display”.

Black Padding

Horizontal Subsampling 4:2:0, 4:1:1, 1440h, etc. Sample aspect ratio is changed from the norm. See anamorphic Squeeze, subsample the horizontal to match aspect ratio of non-square pixels. Quantization range e.g. 16-235, 0-255, +/-128 Color space Rec 601, 709; negative coefficients 50 Hz Professional conversion tools exist but results are just okay Input by SPE Consider building a progressive frame, then output converted interlace frame Standardizing on 24p and 60i for as line standards allows content to be used globally on modern equipment (external displays) Input by Microsoft Restrict 50Hz Contents Allow 50Hz Content and devices in 50Hz Regions (Both Contents & Devices Regionally optional) Allow 50Hz Content Worldwide with a Warning (Contents Regionally optional, Devices mandatory) Playback of 25i content on 60Hz interfaces/displays Gamma curve, render intent, display adaptation

Interlaced temporal sub-sampling, filtering Gamma curve, render intent, display adaptation

Picture Aspect Ratio - Active Picture

TV - 1.33 (4:3), 1.78 (16:9) Movies – 1.33 (4:3), 1.85, 2.35, 2.40

Common aspect ratios: 1.33 (4:3 TV), 1.78 (16:9 TV), 1.85 2.0, 2.33, 2.4(film), 16:9 anamorphic 708x483 SMPTE D1 display aperture 704x480 ATSC 4:3? 720x480 DVD 4:3?

CRT legacy. New model 1:1 sample to pixel (but reality usually involves scaling). Need to explicitly state SAR in video. “Hypothetical reference display”.

Black Padding

Horizontal Subsampling 4:2:0, 4:1:1, 1440h, etc. Sample aspect ratio is changed from the norm. See anamorphic Squeeze, subsample the horizontal to match aspect ratio of non-square pixels.

Quantization range e.g. 16-235, 0-255, +/-128 Color space Rec 601, 709; negative coefficients

Interlaced temporal sub-sampling, filtering Gamma curve, render intent, display adaptation

Picture Aspect Ratio - Active Picture

TV - 1.33 (4:3), 1.78 (16:9) Movies – 1.33 (4:3), 1.85, 2.35, 2.40

Common aspect ratios: 1.33 (4:3 TV), 1.78 (16:9 TV), 1.85 2.0, 2.33, 2.4(film), 16:9 anamorphic 708x483 SMPTE D1 display aperture 704x480 ATSC 4:3? 720x480 DVD 4:3?

CRT legacy. New model 1:1 sample to pixel (but reality usually involves scaling). Need to explicitly state SAR in video. “Hypothetical reference display”.

Black Padding

Interlaced temporal sub-sampling, filtering Gamma curve, render intent, display adaptation

Picture Aspect Ratio - Active Picture

TV - 1.33 (4:3), 1.78 (16:9) Movies – 1.33 (4:3), 1.85, 2.35, 2.40

Common aspect ratios: 1.33 (4:3 TV), 1.78 (16:9 TV), 1.85 2.0, 2.33, 2.4(film), 16:9 anamorphic 708x483 SMPTE D1 display aperture 704x480 ATSC 4:3? 720x480 DVD 4:3?

CRT legacy. New model 1:1 sample to pixel (but reality usually involves scaling). Need to explicitly state SAR in video. “Hypothetical reference display”.

Black Padding

Horizontal Subsampling 4:2:0, 4:1:1, 1440h, etc. Sample aspect ratio is changed from the norm. See anamorphic Squeeze, subsample the horizontal to match aspect ratio of non-square pixels.

Quantization range e.g. 16-235, 0-255, +/-128 Color space Rec 601, 709; negative coefficients

Interlaced temporal sub-sampling, filtering Gamma curve, render intent, display adaptation