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Rapport Fytosanitaire Signaleringen 2014

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Rapport Fytosanitaire Signaleringen 2014 Rapport fytosanitaire signaleringen 2014 Datum 23 april 2015 FYTOSIGNALERING 2014 COLOFON Colofon Projectnaam: Rapport fytosanitaire signaleringen 2014 Versienummer 2.0 Projectleider: dr. W.H. van Eck Contactpersoon: Antoon Hermans T 088 223 11 45 M 065 318 25 49 F 088 223 33 34 [email protected] Divisie Landbouw & Natuur | Afdeling toezichtontwikkeling Catharijnesingel 59 | Utrecht Postbus 43006 | 3540 AA Utrecht Pagina 2 van 155 FYTOSIGNALERING 2014 COLOFON Pagina 3 van 155 FYTOSIGNALERING 2014 INHOUD Inhoud COLOFON 2 VOORWOORD 8 Samenvatting 9 Notificaties 9 Bloemisterij 9 Groenten en fruit 9 Akkerbouw 10 Bloembollen 10 Boomkwekerij en groene ruimte 11 Houtige producten 11 Diagnostisch fytosanitair jaaroverzicht 11 Pest Status 12 1 Inleiding 13 1.1 Fytosanitaire signaleringen 13 1.2 Het fytosanitaire inspectieprogramma 13 1.3 Afhandeling en registratie van inspecties in CLIENT 15 1.4 Leeswijzer 15 2 Notificaties bij import en export 17 2.1 Inleiding 17 2.2 Notificaties bij import 17 2.3 Notificaties bij export vanuit Nederland 24 2.3.1 Onderscheppingen door derde landen 24 2.3.2 Notificaties vanwege de vondst van schadelijke organismen 26 2.3.3 Onderscheppingen door EU-lidstaten in intern verkeer 26 2.3.4 Conclusies notificaties door derde landen en EU-lidstaten 27 3 Bloemisterij 29 3.1 Samenvatting inspectieresultaten 30 3.2 Import 31 3.3 Teelt 32 3.4 Fytobewaking 34 3.5 Export en handel 38 3.6 Organismen 39 3.7 Nieuwe risico’s 40 4 Groenten en fruit 43 4.1 Samenvatting inspectieresultaten 43 4.2 Import 45 4.2.1 Importinspectie Capsicum vanaf 1 oktober 2014 45 4.2.2 Wijzigingen Fytorichtlijn vanaf 1 oktober 2014 46 4.2.3 Citrus Black Spot ( Phyllosticta citricarpa ) – Zuid Afrika 46 4.2.4 Handhaving inspectielocaties 47 4.2.5 Vondsten uit Suriname 48 4.2.6 Response to Emerging Risks from Imports (RERI) 48 4.3 Teelt 49 4.3.1 Afrikaanse Fruitmot 49 Pagina 5 van 155 FYTOSIGNALERING 2014 INHOUD 4.3.2 Xanthomonas fragariae 50 4.3.3 Clavibacter 51 4.3.4 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp . sepedonicus in tomaat 53 4.3.5 Ralstonia in tomaat 53 4.3.6 Pepino mozaïek virus 53 4.4 Fytobewaking 54 4.5 Export en handel 58 4.5.1 Middellandse zeevlieg Ceratitis capitata 59 4.5.2 Tuta absoluta - vrijwaring export VS 60 4.6 Nieuwe risico’s 60 5 Akkerbouw 63 5.1 Samenvatting inspectieresultaten 63 5.2 Import 63 5.3 Teelt 64 5.3.1 Ralstonia solanacearum in oppervlaktewater 64 5.3.2 Ralstonia solanacearum in aardappel 66 5.3.3 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp . sepedonicus 66 5.3.4 Meloidogyne chitwoodi /Meloidogyne fallax 67 5.3.5 Globodera rostochiensis en G. pallida 69 5.3.6 Tarragrond van AM besmette percelen 76 5.3.7 Synchytrium endobioticum 77 5.3.8 Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) 78 5.4 Export en handel 84 5.5 Nieuwe risico’s 84 5.5.1 Epitrix spp. 84 5.5.2 Candidatus ‘liberibacter solanacearum’ (CLso) 85 5.6 Overige zaken 85 6 Bloembollen 89 6.1 Inleiding 89 6.2 Samenvatting inspectieresultaten import, teelt en export 89 6.3 In Fytobewaking 90 6.4 Quarantaineorganismen 92 6.5 Export en handel 93 7 Boomkwekerij en groene ruimte 97 7.1 Inleiding 97 7.2 Boomkwekerij 99 7.2.1 Boomkwekerij - Fytobewaking 99 7.2.2 Export 101 7.3 Groene ruimte 101 7.3.1 Fytobewaking 101 7.3.2 Meldingen burgers en bedrijven 101 7.4 Organismen 102 7.4.1 Insecten 102 7.4.2 Schimmels 103 7.4.3 Bacteriën 104 7.4.4 Nematoden 106 7.5 Nieuwe risico’s 107 8 Houtige producten 109 8.1 Samenvatting inspectieresultaten 109 8.2 Verpakkingshout 110 8.2.1 Importinspecties verpakkingshout steenproducten uit China 110 Pagina 6 van 155 FYTOSIGNALERING 2014 INHOUD 8.2.2 Workshop verpakkingshout China 111 8.2.3 Monitoring verpakkingshout door NVWA 112 8.2.4 Inspecties door Douane 116 8.2.5 Export verpakkingshout 116 8.3 Schors van Pinus herkomst Portugal 117 8.4 Haardhout 117 8.5 Overige houtproducten 118 8.5.1 Import hout 118 8.5.2 Houten decoratieproducten 118 8.6 Houtproducten - Meldingen burgers en bedrijven 119 8.7 Risico organismen 119 9 Diagnostisch fytosanitair jaaroverzicht NRC 121 9.1 Inleiding 121 9.2 Algemeen 121 9.3 Bacteriologie 122 9.3.1 Vondst van Xylella fastidiosa op Coffea spp. 122 9.3.2 Ralstonia solanacearum in de glastuinbouw 123 9.3.3 Survey Erwinia’s in bloembollenteelt 124 9.3.4 Onderzoek Candidatus ‘Liberibacter solanacearum’ 125 9.4 Entomologie 126 9.4.1 Vondsten algemeen 126 9.4.2 Nieuwe vondsten in verpakkingshout 127 9.5 Mycologie 128 9.5.1 Nieuwe bladvlekkenziekte in maïs 128 9.5.2 Phytophthora -soorten in zeegras 129 9.5.3 EUPHRESCO-project SENDO (wratziekte) 129 9.5.4 Pathogeniteit van Diaporthe vaccinii 131 9.6 Nematologie 132 9.6.1 Nieuwe vondsten 132 9.6.2 Surveys 133 9.6.3 Trend 133 9.6.4 Onderzoek 134 9.6.5 Collecties 134 9.7 Virologie 134 9.7.1 Potato spindle tuber viroid in aardappel 134 9.7.2 Potato spindle tuber viroid in dahlia 135 9.7.3 EUPHRESCO-project VirusCollect 135 9.8 Invasieve planten 136 9.8.1 Twee nieuwe soorten kroos voor Nederland 136 9.8.2 Vederkruiden voor in het aquarium 137 9.9 Moleculaire biologie 137 9.9.1 Trends 137 9.9.2 Ontwikkeling moleculaire toetsen Spodoptera spp. 138 9.9.3 Vergelijking toetsversies aardappelcystenaaltjes. 139 10 Pest status 143 10.1 Definitie en werkwijze 143 10.2 Wijzigingen in 2014 143 10.3 Pest status per 31 december 2014 143 Bijlage: Lijst van afkortingen 153 Pagina 7 van 155 FYTOSIGNALERING 2014 VOORWOORD Voorwoord Voor u ligt het Rapport fytosanitaire signaleringen 2014. Vanaf 2004 doet de Ne- derlandse Voedsel en Warenautoriteit (NVWA) jaarlijks verslag van de Staat van de Plantgezondheid in Nederland. De rapportage geeft een overzicht van in- en uitgaande notificaties, uitgevoerde inspecties op en bestrijdingsacties tegen qua- rantaineorganismen en andere schadelijke organismen. De eerstgenoemde orga- nismen zijn gereguleerd op grond van EU-richtlijn 2000/29/EG of zijn door de NVWA aangewezen als quarantainewaardig. In dit rapport wordt ook aandacht besteed aan organismen die niet zijn gereguleerd, nog niet of beperkt in Neder- land voorkomen, maar in de toekomst mogelijk een probleem kunnen vormen. Pagina 8 van 155 FYTOSIGNALERING 2013 SAMENVATTING Samenvatting Notificaties − Het aantal notificaties door Nederland van Q-organismen in importzendingen afkomstig uit derde landen is in 2014 afgenomen ten opzichte van 2013, van 438 naar 370. − In de gehele EU was sprake van een toename van deze notificaties van 2.333 in 2013 naar 2.463 in 2014. − Het aantal notificaties door Nederland wegens documentfouten is in 2014 ver- der gedaald tot nagenoeg de helft van dat in 2011. Het effect van de intensi- vering van de documentcontrole naar aanleiding van een aanbeveling van de Food and Veterinary Office (FVO) heeft zich ook in 2014 doorgezet. − Het aantal notificaties, dat Nederland heeft ontvangen uit derde landen, is in 2014 vergelijkbaar met eerdere jaren met een opvallend aantal van 21 notifi- caties voor pootgoed en minder notificaties voor bloembollen. − Het aantal notificaties, dat Nederland heeft ontvangen van EU-lidstaten over zendingen in het interne EU-verkeer betrof 74 in 2014. Daarvan hadden 64 betrekking op de vondst van een EU-quarantaineorganisme, de overige had- den betrekking op het ontbreken of incompleet zijn van het plantenpaspoort. Bloemisterij De sector bloemisterij omvat het brede scala van producten voor sierteelt, waarbij zowel voortkwekingsmateriaal als eindproduct wordt geproduceerd. In de sterk internationaal georganiseerde productieketens is een nauwe verbinding tussen de ketenschakels. Belangrijkste bevindingen uit 2014 zijn: − In 2014 is het aantal onderscheppingen van een schadelijk organisme bij im- port met 154 beduidend lager dan in voorgaande jaren, met name dankzij een halvering van het aantal Spodoptera littoralis vondsten. − Opmerkelijk in 2014 was de vondst van de Japanse trips Thrips setosus bij een teler van Hydrangea. Dit is de eerste vondst van dit organisme in de EU. Ook opmerkelijk is de sterke afname van het aantal vondsten van Opogona sacchari , acht in 2014 ten opzichte van ruim dertig een jaar eerder . − In het kader van de fytobewaking zijn 413 waarnemingen uitgevoerd op sier- teeltbedrijven. In 78 gevallen is een organisme gevonden dat is ingezonden voor diagnose. − In 2014 zijn relatief veel monsters genomen in Brugmansia en Solanum jas- minoides vanwege eerdere vondsten van Tomato apical stunt viroid in deze gewassen. Hieruit blijkt dat beide gewassen nog steeds in belangrijke mate zijn geïnfecteerd. − Bij export is, in tegenstelling tot in voorgaande jaren, het aantal afkeuringen wegens schadelijke organismen sterk gedaald, evenals het aantal afkeuringen om administratieve redenen. Strengere controles lijken hier hun vruchten af te werpen. Groenten en fruit De sector groenten en fruit betreft productie in volle grond en in kassen, met pro- ductieketens van zaadproductie tot teelt van eindproducten, waarbij in elke keten- schakel import, handel en export plaatsvindt. Belangrijkste bevindingen uit 2014 zijn: − In 2014 is het aantal intercepties van quarantaineorganismen bij importin- spectie afgenomen ten opzichte van 2013, van 191 naar 145. Deze afname Pagina 9 van 155 FYTOSIGNALERING 2013 SAMENVATTING wordt veroorzaakt door een sterke afname van onderscheppingen Phyllosticta citricarpa (Citrus Black Spot). − Vanaf 1 oktober 2014 is de paprikasnuitkever ( Anthonomus eugenii ) voor de gehele EU gereguleerd voor alle gewassen en is uitroeiing verplicht. Vooruitlo- pend daarop is een survey uitgevoerd waarin 169 insecten zijn gevonden. − Het aantal vondsten van Xanthomonas fragariae in uitgangsmateriaal van aardbei is verder teruggelopen tot dertien in 2014.
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