Introduction 1
Notes Introduction 1. Samuel Beckett, “Waiting for Godot” in Samuel Beckett: The Complete Dramatic Works (London: Faber and Faber, 1990), 18. Hereafter all Beckett plays, except Eleutheria, are cited in the body of the text as CDW. 2. Frederick Simoons, Plants of Life, Plants of Death (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998); see especially Chapter 4, “Mandrake, a Root Human in Form.” 3. William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 2, Act III, sc. 2, l.314, The Complete Oxford Shakespeare I: Histories, eds. Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987). 4. Hugo Rahner, Greek Myths and Christian Mastery (New York: Biblio and Tannen, 1971), 257–8. 5. Jonathan Dollimore, Death, Desire and Loss in Western Culture (Harmondsworth: Allen Lane, Penguin, 1998), 46. 6. Ibid., 44. 7. St. Augustine, Confessions, 8.1, trans. R. S. Pine- Coffin (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961), 158. Cited by Beckett in Beckett’s Dream Notebook (Reading, PA: Beckett International Foundation, 1999), 20. Beckett used the 1907 Everyman library edition, translated by E. B. Pusey. 8. St. Augustine, Concerning The City of God against the Pagans, trans. Henry Bettenson (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 2003), 591. 9. Ibid., 577. 10. Ibid., 524. 11. Ibid., 515. 12. Ibid., 523. 13. Malone Dies, (London: Faber and Faber, 2010), 114. Hereafter cited in the body of the text as MD. 14. James Knowlson, Light and Darkness in the Theatre of Samuel Beckett (London: Turret Books, 1972). Although Manichaeism is in some senses a Gnostic reli- gion, I prefer that the terms are separated, not least because certain forms of Christian Gnosticism were attacked for promiscuity, whereas Manichaeism 200 ● Notes advocated and practiced extreme asceticism for the perfectus of the religion.
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