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Introduction 1 Notes Introduction 1. Samuel Beckett, “Waiting for Godot” in Samuel Beckett: The Complete Dramatic Works (London: Faber and Faber, 1990), 18. Hereafter all Beckett plays, except Eleutheria, are cited in the body of the text as CDW. 2. Frederick Simoons, Plants of Life, Plants of Death (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998); see especially Chapter 4, “Mandrake, a Root Human in Form.” 3. William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 2, Act III, sc. 2, l.314, The Complete Oxford Shakespeare I: Histories, eds. Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987). 4. Hugo Rahner, Greek Myths and Christian Mastery (New York: Biblio and Tannen, 1971), 257–8. 5. Jonathan Dollimore, Death, Desire and Loss in Western Culture (Harmondsworth: Allen Lane, Penguin, 1998), 46. 6. Ibid., 44. 7. St. Augustine, Confessions, 8.1, trans. R. S. Pine- Coffin (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961), 158. Cited by Beckett in Beckett’s Dream Notebook (Reading, PA: Beckett International Foundation, 1999), 20. Beckett used the 1907 Everyman library edition, translated by E. B. Pusey. 8. St. Augustine, Concerning The City of God against the Pagans, trans. Henry Bettenson (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 2003), 591. 9. Ibid., 577. 10. Ibid., 524. 11. Ibid., 515. 12. Ibid., 523. 13. Malone Dies, (London: Faber and Faber, 2010), 114. Hereafter cited in the body of the text as MD. 14. James Knowlson, Light and Darkness in the Theatre of Samuel Beckett (London: Turret Books, 1972). Although Manichaeism is in some senses a Gnostic reli- gion, I prefer that the terms are separated, not least because certain forms of Christian Gnosticism were attacked for promiscuity, whereas Manichaeism 200 ● Notes advocated and practiced extreme asceticism for the perfectus of the religion. Similarly, the Gnostic reverence for the female Sophia (knowledge) does not sit well with Beckett’s occasionally virulent misogyny. For Gnosticism and Manichaeism, see Yuri Stoyanov, The Other God: Dualist Religions from Antiquity to the Cathar Heresy (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000). 15. M/S Reading 1396/4/16. XV, 45. Reprinted in Knowlson, Light and Darkness in the Theatre of Samuel Beckett. 16. S. E. Gontarski, The Intent of Undoing in Samuel Beckett’s Dramatic Texts (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985). Gontarski notes how Manichaean thought segues well with that of Schopenhauer to such a degree that he feels able to move from Manichaean to Schopenhauerean terminology when discussing Krapp’s Last Tape. (In particular cf. 60.) 17. “Proust” in Proust and the Three Dialogues with Georges Duthuit, (London: Calder, 1987), 67. Hereafter cited in the body of the text as Proust. 18. Calderón de la Barca, La Vida es Sueño, I,i, 111–2, ed. Albert Solomon (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1961); “To have been born is man- kind’s greatest sin,” in Life is a Dream, trans. William E. Colford (New York: Barron’s 1958). 19. Arthur Schopenhauer, World as Will and Representation, Vol. I, trans E. F. J. Payne, (New York: Dover, 1969), §51, 254. 20. Arthur Schopenhauer, Essays and Aphorisms, trans. R. J. Hollingdale (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2004), 63. 21. Arthur Schopenhauer, World as Will and Representation, Vol. II, trans E. F. J. Payne, (New York: Dover, 19 69),13–14. 22. Schopenhauer, World as Will and Representation, Vol. I, § 60, 328. 23. Schopenhauer, Essays and Aphorisms, 47–8. 24. Gottfried Büttner, “Beckett and Schopenhauer,” Samuel Beckett: Endlessness in the Year 2000, Samuel Beckett Today/Aujourd’hui 11 (2002): 116. 25. Schopenhauer, World as Will and Representation, Vol. I, §68, 390. 26. Ibid., §57, 314. 27. Ibid., §34, 178–9. 28. Ibid., § 27, 152. 29. Ibid., § 60, 327. 30. Ibid., § 62, 334. 31. Ibid., § 36, 185. 32. Ibid., § 37, 195. 33. Ibid., § 52, 267. 34. Alan Goldman, “Plain Sex,” in The Philosophy of Sex: Contemporary Readings, eds. Alan Soble and Nicholas Power (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007), 56. 35. Robert Solomon, “Sex and Perversion,” in Philosophy and Sex, eds. Robert Baker and Frederick Elliston (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1975), 279. 36. Roger Scruton, Sexual Desire: A Philosophical Investigation (London: Continuum, 2006), 14. Notes ● 201 37. Alan Soble, “Masturbation Again,” in The Philosophy of Sex: Contemporary Readings, ed. Alan Soble and Alan Nicholas Power (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007), 75–98. 38. Christopher Hamilton, “Sex,” in The Philosophy of Sex: Contemporary Readings, 103. 39. Ibid. 40. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations I, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe (Oxford: Blackwell, 1983), § 66. 41. Samuel Beckett, How It Is, (London: Faber and Faber, 2009), 66. Hereafter cited in the body of the text as HII. 1 A Rump Sexuality: The Recurrence of Defecating Horses in Beckett’s Oeuvre 1. Author’s comment to Eoin O’Brien, Introduction to Dream of Fair to Middling Women (Dublin: Black Cat Press, 1992), x. 2. John Pilling ed., Beckett’s Dream Notebook (Reading: Beckett International Foundation, 1999), 47–57; 59–69. 3. Samuel Beckett, Dream of Fair to Middling Women (Dublin: Black Cat Press, 1992), 1. Hereafter cited in the body of the text as Dream. 4. John Pilling, A Companion to Dream of Fair to Middling Women (Tallahassee, FL: Journal of Beckett Studies Books, 2004), 17. 5. Marcel Proust, In Search of Lost Time Vol. 1 Swann’s Way, trans. C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin, ed. D. J. Enright (London: Vintage, 1996), 164. 6. Ibid., 164–168. 7. Samuel Beckett, Molloy, (London: Faber and Faber, 2009), 12. Hereafter cited in the body of the text as M. 8. Hugh Kenner, Samuel Beckett: A Critical Study (London: John Calder, 1962), 124. 9. Ibid., 123. 10. C. J. Ackerley rightly asserts in conversation that the inclusion of the horn allows for Wagnerian overtones at the end of Molloy’s narrative. The manu- script evidence supports this. However, once the horn is inserted into the text and the possibilities of its presence are explored by Beckett, a Wagnerian reso- nance does not preclude those of a different nature, such as the sexualized read- ing offered here. 11. Samuel Beckett, Mercier and Camier (London: Faber and Faber, 2010), 70. Hereafter cited in the body of the text as MC. 12. Janet Menzies, “Beckett’s Bicycles,” The Journal of Beckett Studies No. 6 (1980): 101. 13. Ibid., 99. 14. Jake Kennedy, “Modernist (Im)mobilities: Marcel Duchamp, Samuel Beckett and the Avant- Garde Bike,” Tout- fait: The Marcel Duchamp Studies On- Line Journal (2005): 1, www.toutfait.com/online_journal_details.php?postid=4331. 202 ● Notes 15. Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Anti- Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem, and Helen R. Lane (London: Athlone Press, 1984), 2. 16. Pilling, A Companion to Dream of Fair to Middling Women, 18. 17. Sigmund Freud, Case Histories I: “Dora” and “Little Hans,” The Penguin Freud Library Vol. 8, trans. Alix and James Strachey, ed. Angela Richards (London: Penguin, 1983), 283. 18. Ibid., 284. 19. Ibid., 264. 20. Ibid., 286. 21. Sigmund Freud, “The Sexual Theories of Children,” in On Sexuality: Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality and Other Works, The Penguin Freud Library Vol. 7. trans James Strachey, ed. Angela Richards (London: Penguin, 1991), 197. The emphasis is Freud’s. 22. Freud, Case Histories I, 239. 23. Ibid., 217. 24. Beckett, The Unnamable, (London: Faber and Faber, 2010, 45. Hereafter cited in the body of the text as U. 25. Freud, Case Histories I, 285. 26. Ibid., 197. 27. Ibid., 290. 28. A homophonic pun on the French for mother. 29. Letter to Nuala Costello, February 27, 1934, in The Letters of Samuel Beckett: 1929–1940, eds. Martha Dow Feshenfeld and Lois More Overbeck (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 187–188. 30. Ibid., 188. 31. Ibid., 192. 32. The offspring of a female donkey and a male horse. 33. C.f. Mary Bryden, Samuel Beckett and the Idea of God (London: Palgrave, 1998), 109, where she points out the Greek for hinny, ginnos, is not to be found in the original Biblical accounts of the entry into Jerusalem. If it is Maddy’s own mis- take, this only further personalizes the issue. 34. Psalm 145:14. The King James Bible. 2 The Horror of Sex 1. Jeri L. Kroll, “Belacqua as artist and lover: ‘What a Misfortune,’ ” The Journal of Beckett Studies, Vol. 3 (1978): 11. 2. Yoshiki Tajiri, “The Mechanization of Sexuality in Beckett’s Early Work,” Samuel Beckett Today/ Aujourd’hui Vol 12 (2002): 195. 3. Matthew Feldman, Beckett’s Books: A Cultural History of Samuel Beckett’s “Interwar Notes” (London: Continuum, 2006), 148–9. 4. John Fletcher, Samuel Beckett’s Art (London: Chatto and Windus, 1967), 129. Notes ● 203 5. Samuel Beckett, Murphy (London: Faber and Faber, 2010), 71. Hereafter cited in the body of the text as Murphy. 6. Within Murphy’s first zone of mind “the pleasure was reprisal, the pleasure of reversing the physical experience. Here the kick that the physical Murphy received, the mental Murphy gave. It was the same kick, but corrected as to direction.” (71) 7. Letter to Thomas McGreevy, 12 September 1931, The Letters of Samuel Beckett 1029-1940 ed. Feshenfeld and Overbeck (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 87. 8. Thomas W. Laqueur, Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation (Cambridge, MA: Zone Books, 2003). 9. Ruby Cohn, ed., “MacGreevy on Yeats,” in Disjecta: Miscellaneous Writings and a Dramatic Fragment (London: Calder, 1983), 95. 10. Samuel Beckett, Collected Poems 1930–1978 (London: Calder, 1986), 16. 11. Lawrence E. Harvey, Samuel Beckett: Poet and Critic (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970), 260. 12. Ibid., 76. 13. David Green, “Beckett’s Dream: More Niente than Bel,” The Journal of Beckett Studies, Vol. 5 Pt. 1&2 (1995): 70. 14. Ibid., 77 15. St. Augustine, Confessions VIII, 7, trans.
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