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Bone Marrow (Stem Cell) Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease Bone Marrow (Stem Cell) Transplant
Bone Marrow (Stem Cell) Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease Bone Marrow (Stem Cell) Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease 1 Produced by St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Departments of Hematology, Patient Education, and Biomedical Communications. Funds were provided by St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, ALSAC, and a grant from the Plough Foundation. This document is not intended to take the place of the care and attention of your personal physician. Our goal is to promote active participation in your care and treatment by providing information and education. Questions about individual health concerns or specifi c treatment options should be discussed with your physician. For more general information on sickle cell disease, please visit our Web site at www.stjude.org/sicklecell. Copyright © 2009 St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital How did bone marrow (stem cell) transplants begin for children with sickle cell disease? Bone marrow (stem cell) transplants have been used for the treatment and cure of a variety of cancers, immune system diseases, and blood diseases for many years. Doctors in the United States and other countries have developed studies to treat children who have severe sickle cell disease with bone marrow (stem cell) transplants. How does a bone marrow (stem cell) transplant work? 2 In a person with sickle cell disease, the bone marrow produces red blood cells that contain hemoglobin S. This leads to the complications of sickle cell disease. • To prepare for a bone marrow (stem cell) transplant, strong medicines, called chemotherapy, are used to weaken or destroy the patient’s own bone marrow, stem cells, and infection fi ghting system. -
Hd Model of a Conscious Cosmos
J. Nonlocality: Special Issue on Psi and Nonlocal Mind, 2017 ISSN: 2167-6283 Quantum semiotics Stephen Jarosek E-mail: [email protected] Submitted: November 22, 2016 …what we call matter is not completely dead, but is merely mind hidebound with habits. It still retains the element of diversification; and in that diversification there is life. Charles Sanders Peirce, CP 6.158 (1931-1966)1 It has become fashionable, these days, to incorporate the word quantum into a title, whenever someone wants to sell a book or an article, on topics ranging from home cooking to auto repair. Far from entertaining such indulgences, in quantum semiotics, we are interested in the question of whether the principles of consciousness might somehow be relevant to the realm of the very small. This relates to panpsychism. To some, panpsychism is also a four-letter word that carries its own baggage. We need to move past this, with humility, and certainly at least in the spirit of brainstorming. There is “something” going on that now has some of our most enquiring minds contemplating whether we are not in fact just players in a matrix illusion, a kind of computer simulation. We don’t need to resort to such conspiracy theories, just yet, but we do need to keep an open mind. The word quantum relates to discreteness as opposed to continuum. Matter is comprised of discrete atoms and molecules and subatomic particles… electrons occupy energy levels in atoms in discrete jumps… we have the wave-particle duality of discrete photons as packets of energy… and thus we have Planck’s constant that plays an integral part in the quantum narrative. -
Genetic Manipulation of Stem Cells Eleni Papanikolaou1,2*, Kalliopi I
logy & Ob o st ec e tr n i y c s G Papanikolaou et al. Gynecol Obstetric 2011, S:6 Gynecology & Obstetrics DOI: 10.4172/2161-0932.S6-001 ISSN: 2161-0932 Review Article Open Access Genetic Manipulation of Stem Cells Eleni Papanikolaou1,2*, Kalliopi I. Pappa1,3 and Nicholas P. Anagnou1,2 1Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Centre for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece 2Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece 3First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece Abstract Stem cells have the remarkable potential for self-renewal and differentiation into many cell types in the body during early life and development. In addition, in many tissues they constitute a source of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish damaged or dead cells. After division, each new cell has the potential either to retain the stem cell status or to differentiate to a more specialized cell type, such as a red blood cell, a brain cell or a heart cell. Until recently, three types of stem cells from animals and humans have been characterized, i.e. embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells and somatic adult stem cells. However, in late 2007, researchers accomplished another breakthrough by identifying conditions that allow some specialized adult cells to be “reprogrammed” genetically to assume a stem cell-like state. These cells, called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), express genes and factors important for maintaining the unique properties and features of embryonic stem cells. -
Genetics and Stem Cell Research A.Genetics
7: Genetics and Stem Cell Research A.Genetics 1. Introduction The principal special feature of genetics research is that the result of the study applies not only to the proband but also influences her lineage both in the past and in the future. For example genetic studies demonstrated Thomas Jefferson’s sexual relationship with his slave Sally Hemings and defined their descendants to this day. As we all know from television, genetic studies can be done from any tissue fragment that contains DNA so that studies of surgical specimens, biopsy materials, hair, epithelium and blood samples can all be utilized for extensive genetic studies. 2. Sampling Some DNA is more medically valuable than other. Samples from isolated populations in which a particular disorder is prevalent have a much greater probability of yielding the causal gene(s) because they have fewer genome variations than in the general population. Once isolated, the genetic material associated with the disorder has a good chance of yielding novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic approaches for the disorder. 3. Property rights A persistent question is whether the providers of the genetic material have any rights to the products created from their genetic material. These days, most consent forms are written explicitly to exclude intellectual property rights from the subjects. As might be imagined, this smacks of exploitation in the developing world. Negotiation of a monetary return to the community has sometimes been concluded. Important and lucrative products have been derived from individuals’ genomes without their receiving royalties or other compensation. However, the knowledge, technical expertise, and capital needed to make a useful product from a blood or tissue sample come from the company not the donor. -
The Amazing Stem Cell What Are They? Where Do They Come From? How Are They Changing Medicine? Stem Cells Are “Master Cells”
The Amazing Stem Cell What are they? Where do they come from? How are they changing medicine? Stem cells are “master cells” Stem cells can be “guided” to become many other cell types. Stem Cell Bone cell Self-renewed stem cell Brain cell Heart muscle Blood cell cell There are several types of stem cells, each from a unique source Embryonic stem cells* • Removed from embryos created for in vitro fertilization after donation consent is given. (Not sourced from aborted fetuses.) • Embryos are 3-5 days old (blastocyst) and have about 150 cells. • Can become any type of cell in the body, also called pluripotent cells. • Can regenerate or repair diseased tissue and organs. • Current use limited to eye-related disorders. * Not used by Mayo Clinic. Adult stem cells • Found in most adult organs and tissues, including bone marrow. • Often taken from bone marrow in the hip. • Blood stem cells can be collected through apheresis (separated from blood). • Can regenerate and repair diseased or damaged tissues (regenerative medicine). • Can be used as specialized “drugs” to potentially treat degenerative conditions. • Currently tested in people with neurological and heart disease. Umbilical cord blood stem cells • Found in blood in placenta and umbilical cord after childbirth. • Have the ability to change into specialized cells (like blood cells), also called progenitor cells. • Parents choose to donate umbilical cord blood for use in research, or have it stored for private or public banks. • Can be used in place of bone marrow stem cell transplants in some clinical applications. Bioengineered stem cells • Regular adult cells (e.g., blood, skin) reprogrammed to act like embryonic stem cells (induced pluripotent stem cells). -
The Longest Telomeres: a General Signature of Adult Stem Cell Compartments
Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on September 25, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press The longest telomeres: a general signature of adult stem cell compartments Ignacio Flores,1 Andres Canela,1 Elsa Vera,1 Agueda Tejera,1 George Cotsarelis,2 and María A. Blasco1,3 1Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain; 2University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, M8 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA Identification of adult stem cells and their location (niches) is of great relevance for regenerative medicine. However, stem cell niches are still poorly defined in most adult tissues. Here, we show that the longest telomeres are a general feature of adult stem cell compartments. Using confocal telomere quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (telomapping), we find gradients of telomere length within tissues, with the longest telomeres mapping to the known stem cell compartments. In mouse hair follicles, we show that cells with the longest telomeres map to the known stem cell compartments, colocalize with stem cell markers, and behave as stem cells upon treatment with mitogenic stimuli. Using K15-EGFP reporter mice, which mark hair follicle stem cells, we show that GFP-positive cells have the longest telomeres. The stem cell compartments in small intestine, testis, cornea, and brain of the mouse are also enriched in cells with the longest telomeres. This constitutes the description of a novel general property of adult stem cell compartments. Finally, we make the novel finding that telomeres shorten with age in different mouse stem cell compartments, which parallels a decline in stem cell functionality, suggesting that telomere loss may contribute to stem cell dysfunction with age. -
Liberal Arts Science $600 Million in Support of Undergraduate Science Education
Janelia Update |||| Roger Tsien |||| Ask a Scientist SUMMER 2004 www.hhmi.org/bulletin LIBERAL ARTS SCIENCE In science and teaching— and preparing future investigators—liberal arts colleges earn an A+. C O N T E N T S Summer 2004 || Volume 17 Number 2 FEATURES 22 10 10 A Wellspring of Scientists [COVER STORY] When it comes to producing science Ph.D.s, liberal arts colleges are at the head of the class. By Christopher Connell 22 Cells Aglow Combining aesthetics with shrewd science, Roger Tsien found a bet- ter way to look at cells—and helped to revolutionize several scientif-ic disciplines. By Diana Steele 28 Night Science Like to take risks and tackle intractable problems? As construction motors on at Janelia Farm, the call is out for venturesome scientists with big research ideas. By Mary Beth Gardiner DEPARTMENTS 02 I N S T I T U T E N E W S HHMI Announces New 34 Investigator Competition | Undergraduate Science: $50 Million in New Grants 03 PRESIDENT’S LETTER The Scientific Apprenticeship U P F R O N T 04 New Discoveries Propel Stem Cell Research 06 Sleeper’s Hold on Science 08 Ask a Scientist 27 I N T E R V I E W Toward Détente on Stem Cell Research 33 G R A N T S Extending hhmi’s Global Outreach | Institute Awards Two Grants for Science Education Programs 34 INSTITUTE NEWS Bye-Bye Bio 101 NEWS & NOTES 36 Saving the Children 37 Six Antigens at a Time 38 The Emergence of Resistance 40 39 Hidden Potential 39 Remembering Santiago 40 Models and Mentors 41 Tracking the Transgenic Fly 42 Conduct Beyond Reproach 43 The 1918 Flu: Case Solved 44 HHMI LAB BOOK 46 N O T A B E N E 49 INSIDE HHMI Dollars and Sense ON THE COVER: Nancy H. -
The Awards of Science: Beyond the Nobel Prize. Part 2. the Winners
The Awards of Science: Beyond the Nobel Prfze. Part 2. The Wfnners and Their Most-Cited Papers Number 50 December 10, 1984 In part one of this essay, 1we provided ty Lasker winners have won the Nobel— a list of 52 prizes described as “non- 39 of them before and 1 after winning the Nobel” awards. The reason for choosing Nobel, S according to Alice Fordyce, di- this term was somewhat tongue-in- rector, Albert Lasker Medical Research cheek. The Nobel Prize has attained Awards. such a position of prestige with both Another award that has often antici- scientists and the general public that pated the Nobel is the Gairdner Founda- other scientific awards seem to pale in tion Award. Sally-Anne Hrica, execu- comparison. This generalization is con- tive director, Gairdner Foundation, firmed by the public’s attitude toward notes that 27 Gairdner winners went on Nobel Prize winners. Like movie stars, to win the Nobel, while 2 received the Nobelists are often idolized and consult- Gairdner after the Nobel.G Recently, the ed by the press on topics for which they John Scott Award7 of Philadelphia was have little training. Nobelist Rosalyn given to Georges J.F. Kohler, Basel In- Yalow,z Veterans Administration Re- stitute of Immunology, and Cesar Mil- search Center, Bronx, New York, whose stein, Medical Research Council’s Labo- name is almost synonymous with radio- ratory, Cambridge. This selection was immunoassay, notes, “The Nobel Prize made almost a year before the Nobel gives you the opportunity to make a fool Prize announcements. of yourself in public. -
Obama to Reverse Bush Limits on Stem-Cell Research 6 March 2009
Obama to reverse Bush limits on stem-cell research 6 March 2009 cell research last August in a list of answers to the Science Debate 2008 scientific lobby group. "I strongly support expanding research on stem cells," Obama wrote. "I believe that the restrictions that President Bush has placed on funding of human embryonic stem- cell research have handcuffed our scientists and hindered our ability to compete with other nations. "As president, I will lift the current administration's ban on federal funding of research on embryonic Stem cell cultures are held up in a US lab. US President stem cell lines created after Aug. 9, 2001 through Barack Obama will on Monday sign an executive order executive order, and I will ensure that all research reversing Bush administration restrictions on federal on stem cells is conducted ethically and with funding for stem cell research, a senior administration rigorous oversight." official said. Reports about Obama's plans for Monday were immediately condemned by Tony Perkins, president of the Family Research Council. US President Barack Obama will on Monday sign an executive order reversing Bush administration "Today's news that President Obama will open the restrictions on federal funding for stem-cell door to direct taxpayer funds for embryonic stem- research, a senior administration official said. cell research that encourages the destruction of human embryos is a slap in the face to Americans The official would not divulge the exact wording of who believe in the dignity of all human life," Perkins the order, but confirmed, on condition of said. anonymity, that it would be in line with Obama's campaign vow to restore funding to embryonic Bush barred federal funding from supporting work stem-cell research. -
Pluripotent Stem Cells: the Search for the "Perfect" Source
Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology Volume 12 Issue 2 Article 10 2011 Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Search for the "Perfect" Source Nancy M.P. King Christine Nero Coughlin Anthony Atala Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mjlst Recommended Citation Nancy M. King, Christine N. Coughlin & Anthony Atala, Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Search for the "Perfect" Source, 12 MINN. J.L. SCI. & TECH. 715 (2011). Available at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mjlst/vol12/iss2/10 The Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology is published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. King NMP, Coughlin CN, Atala A. Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Search for the “Perfect” Source. Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology. 2011;12(2):715-30. Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Search for the “Perfect” Source Nancy M.P. King*, Christine Nero Coughlin** & Anthony Atala*** Anyone who dreamed that the public controversy over human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research had begun to die down was rudely awakened by the decision in Sherley v. Sebelius.1 On August 23, District of Columbia District Court Judge Royce Lamberth issued a preliminary injunction halting federal funding of research using newly created hESC lines until the plaintiffs’ challenge to the 2009 liberalization of funding guidelines can be heard.2 On September 9, 2010, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia temporarily stayed Judge Lamberth’s order,3 and on September 28, 2010, the Court of Appeals ordered that the appeal be expedited and granted the Obama administration’s motion to permit federally © 2011 Nancy M.P. -
Cloning: a Select Chronology, 1997-2003
Order Code RL31211 Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Cloning: A Select Chronology, 1997-2003 Updated March 10, 2003 Mary V. Wright Information Research Specialist Information Research Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Summary This is a selected chronology of the events surrounding and following the cloning of a sheep from a single adult sheep cell by Scottish scientists, which was announced in February 1997. The project was cosponsored by PPL Therapeutics, Edinburgh, Scotland, which has applied for patents for the techniques used. This chronology also addresses subsequent reports of other cloning experiments, including the first one using human cells. Information on presidential actions and legislative activities related to the ethical and moral issues surrounding cloning is provided, as well as relevant Web sites. More information on cloning and on human embryo research can be found in CRS Report RL31015, Stem Cell Research and CRS Report RS21044, Background and Legal Issues Related to Stem Cell Research. This report will be updated as necessary. Contents Chronology .......................................................1 1997 ........................................................1 1998 ........................................................2 1999 ........................................................3 2000 ........................................................4 2001 ........................................................5 2002 ........................................................6 -
Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics, and Governance
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/24623 SHARE Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics, and Governance DETAILS 328 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-45288-5 | DOI 10.17226/24623 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations; National Academy of Sciences; National Academy of Medicine; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine FIND RELATED TITLES Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics, and Governance Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical, and Ethical Considerations A Report of Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics, and Governance THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by Contract No. HHSP233201400020B/HHSP23337045 with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Greenwall Foundation, Grant No. 15-108819-000-DIS with the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foun- dation, Contract No. HHSP233201400020B/HHSP23337035 with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the Wellcome Trust, with additional support from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Presidents’ Circle Fund and the National Academy of Sciences W.K.