Orchidaceae), Propagadas in Vitro , Utilizando Isoenzimas
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Tese 2014 Cristiane Gouvêa Fajardo
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE CENTRO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS- GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA Conservação genética de Cattleya granulosa Lindley: uma orquídea ameaçada de extinção Tese de Doutorado Cristiane Gouvêa Fajardo Orientador: Dr. Wagner Franco Molina Co-orientador: Dr. Fábio de Almeida Vieira Natal-RN 2014 1 CRISTIANE GOUVÊA FAJARDO Conservação genética da orquídea Cattleya granulosa Lindley Tese de Doutorado apresentada como requisito para a obtenção do título de Doutor, pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Área de Ecologia Terrestre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal-RN 2014 1 “O mundo é um lugar perigoso de se viver, não por causa daqueles que fazem o mal, mas sim por causa daqueles que observam e deixam o mal acontecer.” Albert Einstein 2 SUMÁRIO Apresentação ..................................................................................................................... 1 Resumo .............................................................................................................................. 2 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 3 Introdução .......................................................................................................................... 4 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................ 8 Referências ....................................................................................................................... -
Chromosome Numbers and Polyploidy Events in Korean Non-Commelinids Monocots: a Contribution to Plant Systematics
pISSN 1225-8318 − Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 48(4): 260 277 (2018) eISSN 2466-1546 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2018.48.4.260 Korean Journal of REVIEW Plant Taxonomy Chromosome numbers and polyploidy events in Korean non-commelinids monocots: A contribution to plant systematics Tae-Soo JANG* and Hanna WEISS-SCHNEEWEISS1 Department of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea 1Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria (Received 4 June 2018; Revised 9 September 2018; Accepted 16 December 2018) ABSTRACT: The evolution of chromosome numbers and the karyotype structure is a prominent feature of plant genomes contributing to or at least accompanying plant diversification and eventually leading to speciation. Polyploidy, the multiplication of whole chromosome sets, is widespread and ploidy-level variation is frequent at all taxonomic levels, including species and populations, in angiosperms. Analyses of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels of 252 taxa of Korean non-commelinid monocots indicated that diploids (ca. 44%) and tet- raploids (ca. 14%) prevail, with fewer triploids (ca. 6%), pentaploids (ca. 2%), and hexaploids (ca. 4%) being found. The range of genome sizes of the analyzed taxa (0.3–44.5 pg/1C) falls well within that reported in the Plant DNA C-values database (0.061–152.33 pg/1C). Analyses of karyotype features in angiosperm often involve, in addition to chromosome numbers and genome sizes, mapping of selected repetitive DNAs in chro- mosomes. All of these data when interpreted in a phylogenetic context allow for the addressing of evolution- ary questions concerning the large-scale evolution of the genomes as well as the evolution of individual repeat types, especially ribosomal DNAs (5S and 35S rDNAs), and other tandem and dispersed repeats that can be identified in any plant genome at a relatively low cost using next-generation sequencing technologies. -
Appendix: Orchid Potting Mixtures - an Abridged Historical Review 1
Appendix: Orchid potting mixtures - An abridged historical review 1 T. J. SHEEHAN Introduction There is little doubt that potting media development over time has been the salvation of orchid growers (Bomba, 1975). When epiphytic orchids were first introduced into England and other European countries in the 18th century growers could not envision plants growing in anything but soil. '"Peat and loam' were good for everything and frequently became the mass murderers of the first generation of epiphytic orchids," Hooker is believed to have said around the end of the 19th century; England had become the graveyard of tropical orchids. Undoubtedly this was in reference to the concern individuals were having over the potting media problems. This problem also drew the attention of such noted individuals as John Lindley and Sir Joseph Paxton, as well as the Gardener's Chronicle, who noted that "The Rule of Thumb" had nothing to say about orchid growing; it was only effective in orchid killing (Bomba 1975). Fortunately, the ingenuity of growers solved the problem as innovative potting mixes evolved over the years. After visiting a number of orchid growing establishments it immediately becomes obvious to any orchid grower, professional or hobbyist, that orchids, both epiphytic and terrestrial, will grow in a wide variety of media. It has often been stated that epiphytic orchids can be grown in any medium except soil as long as watering and fertilization are adjusted to fit the mix being used. Ter restrial orchids seem to thrive in any medium that contains 40% or more organic matter. Reading cultural recommendations from the early days of orchid growing is most interesting and highly recommended. -
The Epipactis Helleborine Group (Orchidaceae): an Overview of Recent Taxonomic Changes, with an Updated List of Currently Accepted Taxa
plants Review The Epipactis helleborine Group (Orchidaceae): An Overview of Recent Taxonomic Changes, with an Updated List of Currently Accepted Taxa Zbigniew Łobas 1,* , Anatoliy Khapugin 2,3 , Elzbieta˙ Zołubak˙ 1 and Anna Jakubska-Busse 1,* 1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, 625003 Tyumen, Russia; [email protected] 3 Joint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park “Smolny”, 430005 Saransk, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.Ł.); [email protected] (A.J.-B.) Abstract: The Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz group is one of the most taxonomically challenging species complexes within the genus Epipactis. Because of the exceptionally high levels of morpho- logical variability and the ability to readily cross with other species, ninety different taxa at various taxonomic ranks have already been described within its nominative subspecies, but the taxonomic status of most of them is uncertain, widely disputed, and sometimes even irrelevant. The present review is based on results of the most recent research devoted to the E. helleborine group taxonomy. In addition, we analysed data about taxa belonging to this group presented in some research articles and monographs devoted directly to the genus Epipactis or to orchids in certain area(s). Based on the reviewed literature and data collected in four taxonomic databases Available Online, we propose an Citation: Łobas, Z.; Khapugin, A.; updated list of the 10 currently accepted taxa in the E. -
7Th International Orchid Conservation Congress
7TH INTERNATIONAL ORCHID CONSERVATION CONGRESS Jodrell Laboratory Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 28 May – 1 June 2019 Welcome to Kew! The International Orchid Conservation Congress (IOCC) series started in Western Australia in 2001, and subsequent meetings were held in Florida, Costa Rica, the Czech Republic, La Réunion and Hong Kong. At the meeting in Hong Kong, it was decided that IOCCVII should be held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The title for IOCCVII is “Orchid Conservation: the Next Generation”, and we hope that the focus will be on the importance of involving the next generation of orchid conservation biologists and on the use of next-generation techniques. We are delighted to welcome more than 150 delegates from around the world to share their experiences of orchid conservation with each other. Orchids are among the most highly threatened groups of plants, with threats to orchids including habitat destruction, legal and illegal trade and climate change. As a result, our mission to conserve orchids is of increasing importance – if we don’t act, then we may be the last generation to see some groups of orchids, notably slipper orchids, in the wild. We are grateful to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for the use of the venue and for logistical support. The Lennox Boyd Trust, the Linnean Society of London and Orchid Conservation International and friends and family of the late Amy Morris provided financial support which has allowed us to provide bursaries for orchid specialists from Developing Countries so that they can attend the congress. We have an exciting and busy programme – with many talks and posters and other events including a demonstration of orchid propagation, a “World Café” session on conservation planning (arranged with the Conservation Planning Specialist Group) and a meeting of the Orchid Specialist Group. -
Type of the Paper (Article
Conference Proceedings Paper Russian Red Data Book Orchids: What Anthropogenic Factors are Leading to their Extinction in Regions? Anatoliy A. Khapugin 1,2* 1 Tyumen State University; Volodarskogo Street, 6, 625003, Tyumen, Tyumen region, Russia 2 Joint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park ‘Smolny’ ; Krasnaya Street 30, 430005, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The research of drivers leading to plant extinction is primary task in global biodiversity conservation. Despite Russia covers a large area, there is a lack of data on factors leading to plant extinction there, including orchids. We aimed to evaluate the anthropogenic drivers threaten orchids included in the Russian Red Data Books. For this purpose, we generalized and systematized data on orchids included in all relevant (i.e. published during recent 10–11 years) regional Red Data Books available online by 31 December 2020. For each Red Data Book orchid, we identified threats, i.e. drivers leading to species extinction, according to sections “Limiting factors” or “Limiting factors and threats” of regional Red Data Books. We found the total taxonomic list of Red Data Book orchids in the analyzed regions of Russia. The similarity of the lists of orchid taxa in analyzed regions has been established on the basis of Jaccard index. In regards of extinction drivers, we found what of them are most serious threats to orchids in the regions of Russian Federation. We believe that the conducting of the similar study for the whole amount of threatened plants of Russia will provide highly valuable results demanded all over the world. -
Skvortsovia: 6(2): 1–66 (2020) Skvortsovia ISSN 2309-6497 (Print) Copyright: © 2020 Russian Academy of Sciences ISSN 2309-6500 (Online)
Skvortsovia: 6(2): 1–66 (2020) Skvortsovia ISSN 2309-6497 (Print) Copyright: © 2020 Russian Academy of Sciences http://skvortsovia.uran.ru/ ISSN 2309-6500 (Online) Conference Proceedings The Ninth Conference in Memory of Alexei K. Skvortsov Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. February, 2020 Translation received: 22 August 2020 | Accepted by Ivan A. Schanzer: 26 August 2020 | Published online: 4 September 2020 Translated by: Irina Kadis. Edited by: Irina Belyaeva and Keith Chamberlain Conference Overview Ivan A. Schanzer Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 4, 127276 Moscow, Russian Federation Email: [email protected] The 9th annual Conference to celebrate the Centenary of Professor Alexey K. Skvortsov (1920–2008) was held at Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG) in February 2020. The Conference was organized by the Moscow Branch of the Russian Botanical Society and supported by Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden and Moscow State University (MSU). Financial support was provided by the Chimmed Group, Moscow, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No 20-04-20001). Unlike the previous conferences, the topic was widened to encompass several of the areas of interest to Prof. Skvortsov, namely, microevolution, taxonomy, and flora studies. The Conference took the form of a two-day meeting with an additional short lecture course on plant nomenclature given by Irina Belyaeva Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (RBG, Kew). The 9th Conference gathered botanists from the Russian regions of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Arzamas, Balashov, Borok, Bryansk, Kalach-na-Donu, Magadan, Novosibirsk, Penza, Ryazan, Saratov, Ufa, and Volgograd, as well as Debrecen (Hungary), London (UK), Storrs (Connecticut, US), and Vilnius (Lithuania), 87 in all, who presented their talks and posters, and took part in discussions. -
A Visual Identification Key to Orchidaceae of Korea
pISSN 1225-8318 Korean J. Pl. Taxon. eISSN 2466-1546 47(2): 124−131 (2017) Korean Journal of https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2017.47.2.124 Plant Taxonomy A visual identification key to Orchidaceae of Korea Seon-Won Seo and Sang-Hun Oh* Department of Biology, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea (Received 28 May 2017; Revised 15 June 2017; Accepted 25 June 2017) ABSTRACT: Species identification is a fundamental and routine process in plant systematics, and linguistic-based dichotomous keys are widely used in the identification process. Recently, novel tools for species identification have been developed to improve the accuracy, ease to use, and accessibility related to these tasks for a broad range of users given the advances in information and communications technology. A visual identification key is such an approach, in which couplets consist of images of plants or a part of a plant instead of botanical ter- minology. We developed a visual identification key for 101 taxa of Orchidaceae in Korea and evaluated its per- formance. It uses short statements for image couplets to avoid misinterpretations by users. The key at the initial steps (couplets) uses relatively easy characters that can be determined with the naked eye. The final steps of the visual key provide images of species and information about distributions and flowering times to determine the species that best fit the available information. The number of steps required to identify a species varies, ranging from three to ten with an average of 4.5. A performance test with senior college students showed that species were accurately identified using the visual key at a rate significantly higher than when using a linguistic-based dichotomous key and a color manual. -
(Orchidaceae) Во Флоре России the Genus Epipactis Zinn
Turczaninowia 21 (4): 19–34 (2018) ISSN 1560–7259 (print edition) DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.21.4.3 TURCZANINOWIA http://turczaninowia.asu.ru ISSN 1560–7267 (online edition) УДК 582.594.2(470+571) Род Epipactis Zinn (Orchidaceae) во флоре России А. В. Фатерыга, В. В. Фатерыга Карадагская научная станция им. Т. И. Вяземского – природный заповедник РАН, ул. Науки, 24, пгт Курортное, г. Феодосия, Республика Крым, 298188, Россия. E-mail: [email protected] Ключевые слова: Евразия, орхидеи, распространение, синонимия, таксономия. Аннотация. Род Epipactis Zinn является одним из наиболее таксономически сложных родов семейства Orchidaceae. Большинство видов рода составляют узкоареальные самоопыляющиеся таксоны, изолирован- ные друг от друга вследствие автогамии. Однако в последние годы можно наблюдать тенденцию к описанию большого числа перекрестноопыляющихся видов, ведущую к таксономической «инфляции». В настоящей пу- бликации приводится обзор рода Epipactis для территории России, который включает 15 видов и три допол- нительных подвида: E. palustris (L.) Crantz, E. thunbergii A. Gray, E. atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser, E. condensata Boiss. ex D. P. Young (= E. viridiflora subsp. kuenkeleana Akhalk., H. Baumann, R. Lorenz et Mosul., syn. nov.), E. krymmontana Kreutz, Fateryga et Efimov, E. microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw., E. helleborine (L.) Crantz subsp. hellebori- ne, E. helleborine subsp. papillosa (Franch. et Sav.) Fateryga, stat. nov., E. helleborine subsp. tremolsii (Pau) E. Klein (= E. turcica Kreutz, syn. nov.; = E. helleborine subsp. levantina Kreutz, Óvári et Shifman, syn. nov.), E. distans Arv.- Touv., E. purpurata Sm., E. leptochila (Godfery) Godfery subsp. leptochila, E. leptochila subsp. neglecta Kümpel, E. muelleri Godfery, E. pontica Taubenheim, E. tangutica Schltr., E. euxina Fateryga, Popovich et Kreutz и E. -
Chromosome Numbers and Polyploidy Events in Korean Non-Commelinids Monocots: a Contribution to Plant Systematics
pISSN 1225-8318 − Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 48(4): 260 277 (2018) eISSN 2466-1546 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2018.48.4.260 Korean Journal of REVIEW Plant Taxonomy Chromosome numbers and polyploidy events in Korean non-commelinids monocots: A contribution to plant systematics Tae-Soo JANG* and Hanna WEISS-SCHNEEWEISS1 Department of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea 1Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria (Received 4 June 2018; Revised 9 September 2018; Accepted 16 December 2018) ABSTRACT: The evolution of chromosome numbers and the karyotype structure is a prominent feature of plant genomes contributing to or at least accompanying plant diversification and eventually leading to speciation. Polyploidy, the multiplication of whole chromosome sets, is widespread and ploidy-level variation is frequent at all taxonomic levels, including species and populations, in angiosperms. Analyses of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels of 252 taxa of Korean non-commelinid monocots indicated that diploids (ca. 44%) and tet- raploids (ca. 14%) prevail, with fewer triploids (ca. 6%), pentaploids (ca. 2%), and hexaploids (ca. 4%) being found. The range of genome sizes of the analyzed taxa (0.3–44.5 pg/1C) falls well within that reported in the Plant DNA C-values database (0.061–152.33 pg/1C). Analyses of karyotype features in angiosperm often involve, in addition to chromosome numbers and genome sizes, mapping of selected repetitive DNAs in chro- mosomes. All of these data when interpreted in a phylogenetic context allow for the addressing of evolution- ary questions concerning the large-scale evolution of the genomes as well as the evolution of individual repeat types, especially ribosomal DNAs (5S and 35S rDNAs), and other tandem and dispersed repeats that can be identified in any plant genome at a relatively low cost using next-generation sequencing technologies. -
Conservação Genética De Populações Naturais: Uma Revisão Para Orchidaceae
ARTIGO DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v6n3p108-118 Conservação genética de populações naturais: uma revisão para Orchidaceae Cristiane Gouvêa Fajardo1, Fábio de Almeida Vieira2, Wagner Franco Molina3 1. Bióloga (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora). Doutora em Ecologia (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte). Professora da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. 2. Biólogo (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros). Doutor em Engenharia Florestal (Universidade Federal de Lavras). Professor da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. 3. Biólogo (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte). Doutor em Genética e Evolução (Universidade Federal de São Carlos). Professor da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. *Autor para correspondência: [email protected] RESUMO. Esta revisão apresenta a importância da conservação genética para a elaboração de estratégias conservacionistas adequadas à distribuição espacial da diversidade genética, sendo apresentados e contextualizados exemplos de estudos de genética de populações e filogeografia na família Orchidaceae. O principal foco da biologia da conservação é a compreensão e a manutenção da diversidade genética, já que ela fornece o potencial adaptativo e evolutivo de uma espécie. Deste modo, o conhecimento da diversidade genética de uma espécie é primordial para as ações de conservação e manejo. Os níveis de variabilidade genética podem ser determinados pela estrutura populacional de uma espécie, sendo o resultado de características reprodutivas e demográficas, ocasionadas pela interação e ação uma série de mecanismos evolutivos e ecológicos. A avaliação da estrutura populacional das espécies permite descobrir as Unidades Evolutivas Significativas (UES), que devem ser explicitamente definidas em características que realcem o potencial para a sobrevivência da espécie. -
Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys Molecular94: 39–49 (2018) systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae... 39 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) Ting Zhou1, Xiao-Hua Jin1 1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China Corresponding author: Xiao-Hua Jin ([email protected]) Academic editor: Y.-H. Tan | Received 30 September 2017 | Accepted 9 January 2018 | Published 29 January 2018 Citation: Zhou T, Jin X-H (2018) Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae). In: Jin X-H, Shui Y-M, Tan Y-H, Kang M (Eds) Plant diversity in Southeast Asia. PhytoKeys 94: 39–49. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346 Abstract Neottieae comprise about 150–200 species and are distributed mainly in temperate and subtropical zones of the northern hemisphere. Mycoheterotrophy is common in Neottieae. Based on three DNA markers and a broad sampling of Neottieae, these results indicate that Neottieae is strongly supported as monophyletic and Palmorchis is sister to the remaining genera of Neottieae. Holopogon and Neottia s.s. are deeply nested within Listera. The habit of leafless mycotrophy has independently evolved at least three times in Neottieae, one in Cephalanthera, another in Neottia s.l. and the third in the clade formed by Limodorum and Aphyllorchis. Keywords Generic delimitation, Molecular phylogenetics, Mycoheterotrophy, Neottia, peloric form Introduction Neottieae Lindl.