Appendix 8.2 Flora Species Recorded with the Assessment Area

Native / Project Area: Growth Distribution in Developed Modified Scientific Name Common Name Exotic to Protection Status Developed Plantation Orchard Shrubland Grassland Reedbed Mangrove Pond Form Hong Kong (1) Area Watercourse Hong Kong Area

Acacia auriculiformis Ear-leaved Acacia tree exotic common - + ++ + +

Acacia confusa Taiwan Acacia tree exotic - - +++ ++ +++ + ++ + Acacia mangium Big-leaved Acacia tree exotic - - + + + Spiny Bears Acanthus ilicifolius shrub native common - +++ +++ Breech Common perennial Achyranthes aspera native common - + Achyranthes herb restricted; Acrostichum aureum Leather Fern herb native - +++ ++ common (2) Aegiceras corniculatum - shrub native common - +++ Sensitive Joint- Aeschynomene indica shrubby herb native very common - ++ vetch Billygoat-weed , Ageratum conyzoides herb exotic common - + ++ Goatweed shrub or Aglaia odorata Mock Lime exotic common - + small tree Albizia lebbeck Lebbeck Tree tree exotic - - + + Aleurites moluccana Candlenut Tree tree exotic common - ++ perennial Alocasia macrorrhizos Giant Alocasia native very common - + + ++ ++ herb Chinese Aloe , perennial Aloe vera var. chinensis exotic - - + + Barbados Aloe herb perennial Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligator-weed exotic common (2) - + herb Sessile perennial Alternanthera sessilis native common (2) - +++ + + Alternanthera herb perennial Alysicarpus vaginalis Alyce Clover native very common - + + herb Amaranthus viridis Green Amaranth herb native very common - + + + Aporusa dioica Aporusa tree native very common - +

Listed under Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586); "Class II" in List of Wild Aquilaria sinensis Incense Tree tree native common Plant under State ++ Protection; "Vulnerable" in China Plant Red Data Book; "Vulnerable" in IUCN Red List (ver. 2 15.2.)

Alexandra Palm , Archontophoenix alexandrae tree palm exotic - - + King Palm Artocarpus heterophyllus Jackfruit tree exotic common - + + +++ ++ + ++ perennial Aster subulatus - exotic common (2) - + herb Cultivated or Asystasia micrantha - Herb Exotic - + naturalized cultivated; Averrhoa carambola Carambola small tree exotic - ++ common Dwarf Mountain shrub or Baeckea frutescens native very common - + Pine small tree

clumped Bambusa sp. Bamboo sp. - - - + ++ ++ tree bamboo

Bauhinia spp. - - - - - + + Bidens alba - herb exotic very common - +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ + +++ ++ Bischofia javanica Autumn Maple tree native common - + + +

Blechnum orientale Oriental Blechnum herb native very common - + + +

Tree Cotton , Red Bombax ceiba tree exotic - - + + ++ + + Kapok Tree Australian perennial Bothriochloa bladhii native very common - + + Bluestem herb Digitate Golden- Bothriochloa ischaemum herb native common - + beard climbing Bougainvillea spectabilis Brazil Bougainvillea exotic cultivated - + + shrub Brachiaria mutica Blunt Signal-grass herb exotic common (2) - ++ +++ ++++ Breynia fruticosa Waxy Leaf shrub native very common - + shrub or Bridelia tomentosa Pop-gun Seed native very common - ++ ++ ++ + +++ + small tree Broussonetia papyrifera Paper Mulberry tree native very common - + + Calliandra haematocephala Pink Powder Puff shrub exotic common - ++ Callicarpa kochiana - shrub native common - + + Callistemon viminalis Tall Bottle-brush tree exotic - - + + climbing Cansjera rheedii - native restricted - + shrub Carica papaya Papaya tree exotic common - + +++ + ++ parasitic Cassytha filiformis Cassytha climber: native very common - + twining herb rare, but Casuarina equisetifolia Horsetail Tree tree exotic common - ++ + +++ cultivated (4) Periwinkle , Rose Catharanthus roseus herb exotic common - + Periwinkle

Celtis sinensis Chinese Hackberry tree native common - ++ + + +++ + + +

Philippine's Celtis timorensis tree native restricted - + Hackberry Cenchrus echinatus Bur Grass herb exotic common - + common, also Cerbera manghas Cerbera tree native - ++ planted Peacock-plume Chloris barbata herb native very common - + + + + Grass

Listed under Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586); Cibotium barometz Lamb of Tartary large herb native very common "Category II" in Wild + Plant under State protection; Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong: Vulnerable

Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Tree large tree native common - ++

Cissus repens Creeping Treebine climber native restricted - +

Appendix 8.2 - P1 of 5 Appendix 8.2 Flora Species Recorded with the Assessment Area

Citrus maxima Pummelo tree exotic widely planted - + + Citrus reticulata Mandarin small tree exotic common - + + Claoxylon indicum Claoxylon tree native common - + Clausena lansium Wampi small tree exotic common - + ++ + + Clerodendrum fortunatum Glorybower shrub native common - +

Cocculus orbiculatus Snail Seed climber: vine native common - + +

Codiaeum variegatum Garden Croton shrub exotic - - + Colocasia esculenta Taro herb exotic common (2) - + common; very Commelina diffusa Diffuse Day-flower herb native - + + ++ common (2) Conyza sumatrensis - herb exotic - - ++ Corchorus aestuans Mock Jute herb native common - + Iron Plant , Tree of Cordyline fruticosa shrub exotic - - + King Crateva unilocularis Spider Tree tree exotic common - +

Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum St. John's Lily herb native restricted - +

Curcuma aromatica - Herb Exotic Restricted - + parasitic Cuscuta chinensis Chinese Dodder native common - + herb Interrupted Tri-vein common; very Cyclosorus interruptus herb native - ++ + Fern common (2) Cyclosorus parasiticus Wood-fern herb native very common - + ++ ++ perennial Cynodon dactylon Couch Grass native very common - + + ++ ++ ++ herb Laxspiculate Cyperus distans herb native common (2) - + + Galingale

Cyperus eragrostis Imbricate Galingale herb exotic - - +

common; Cyperus imbricatus Imbricate Galingale herb native - + uncommon (2) Cyperus iria Rice Galingale herb native common (2) - + + common; Cyperus malaccensis Malacea Galingale herb native - + +++ ++ uncommon (2) Cyperus surinamensis - herb exotic - - + + Dactyloctenium aegyptium Crow-foot Grass herb native common - + Bentham's Dalbergia benthamii climber: vine native common - + Rosewood Scandent Dalbergia hancei climber: vine native common - + Rosewood

Flame Tree , Delonix regia tree exotic - - + + Flame of the Forest

climbing Derris trifoliata Derris native common - ++ + shrub Desmodium heterocarpon False Groundnut subshrub native very common - + Desmodium tortuosum Beggarweed subshurb exotic common - + + Three-flowered Beggarweed, Desmodium triflorum herb native common - + + Three-flowered Desmodium Desmos chinensis Desmos woody vine native common - ++ Digitaria ciliaris Ciliate Crabgrass herb native very common - + ++ + ++ + ++ restricted but Dimocarpus longan Longan tree exotic widely cultivated - + +++ + + +++ (1)

Dioscorea alata L. - climber: vine native cultivated - + +

climbing Duranta erecta Golden Dewdrops exotic common - + shrub Dypsis lutescens Bamboo Palm shrub palm exotic - - ++ Short-awned Barn- Echinochloa crusgalli herb native common (2) - + + yard Grass perennial Eclipta prostrata Eclipta native common (2) - + + herb Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth floating herb exotic common (2) - + Eleusine indica Goose Grass herb native very common - ++ ++ + Twig-hanging Embelia laeta climber: vine native very common - + Embelia Emilia sonchifolia Tassel Flower herb native very common - + + + + + perennial Eragrostis atrovirens Thalia Lovegrass native common (2) - + herb Eriobotrya japonica Loquat small tree exotic cultivated - + + River Red Gum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis tree exotic cultivated - ++ Murray Red Gum Lemon-scented Eucalyptus citriodora tree exotic cultivated - ++ Gum Eucalyptus exserta - tree exotic cultivated - ++ Eucalyptus tereticornis Forest Gray Gum tree exotic cultivated - ++ ++ Euphorbia hirta Garden Spurge herb exotic - - + + ++ + Milk Spurge, Euphorbia hypericifolia Hypericeleaf herb native - - + + Euphorbia Thyme-leaved Euphorbia thymifolia herb native common - + + Spurge Excoecaria agallocha Milky Mangrove tree native common - ++ Cochin-china common, Excoecaria cochinchinensis shrub exotic - + Excoecaria cultivated Ficus benjamina ‘Variegata’ Weeping Fig tree exotic cultivated - +

Ficus elastica India-rubber Tree , tree exotic cultivated - +

shrub or Ficus hirta Hairy Fig native common - +++ small tree Opposite-leaved shrub or Ficus hispida native very common - + + ++ ++ Fig small tree Ficus microcarpa Chinese Banyan tree native common - ++++ + ++ +++ + + climbing Ficus pumila Creeping Fig native very common - + woody vine Japanese Superb Ficus subpisocarpa tree native common - + ++ + Fig Ficus virens Big-leaved Fig tree native common - + + Dichotomous very common; Fimbristylis dichotoma herb native - + + Fimbristylis common (2) Ferrugineous-scale Fimbristylis sieboldii herb native common (2) - ++ Fimbristylis Flueggea virosa Snow Berry shrub native common - + +

Garcinia subelliptica Common Garcinia tree exotic - - +

Gardenia jasminoides Cape Jasmine shrub native common - + Hairy-fruited Glochidion eriocarpum shrub native very common - + Abacus Plant

Appendix 8.2 - P2 of 5 Appendix 8.2 Flora Species Recorded with the Assessment Area

Glochidion spp. - - - - - ++ Small-leaved Joint- Gnetum parvifolium woody vine native common - + fir Wild Globe Gomphrena celosioides Amaranth, Silver- herb exotic restricted - + gomphrena Oblong Gymnanthera oblonga climber native restricted - ++ Gymnanthera perennial Hedychium coronarium Ginger Lily exotic common (2) - + + + herb Hedyotis auricularia Auriclar Hedyotis herb native common - + Corymbose Hedyotis corymbosa herb native very common - + + + Hedyotis Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Chinese Hibiscus shrub exotic - - ++

Hibiscus tiliaceus Cuban Bast tree or shrub native very common - + ++ + ++ +

Night-blooming perennial Hylocereus undatus exotic Cultivated - + + Cereus herb American Hymenocallis littoralis herb exotic - - + Hymenocallis

Ilex asprella Rough-leaved Holly shrub native very common - +

Ilex pubescens Downy Holly shrub native very common - + perennial Imperata cylindrica var. major - native very common - +++ ++ ++ ++ herb very common; Ipomoea aquatica Water Spinach herb exotic - ++ common (2) Ipomoea batatas Sweet Potato herb exotic common - +

Annual Bluegrass , climber: Ipomoea cairica Imperial Japanese exotic very common - ++ ++ ++ twining herb Morning Glory

herbaceous Ipomoea triloba - exotic common - + ++ + ++ climber Bearded Duck- perennial Ischaemum barbatum native very common (2) - + beak herb climbing Jasminum sambac Arabian Jasmine exotic common - + shrub

Juniperus chinensis L. 'Kaizuca' Dragon Juniper tree exotic Cultivated - + +

shrub or Kandelia obovata - native common - ++++ small tree Khaya senegalensis - tree exotic cultivated - + Koelreuteria bipinnata Golden Rain Tree tree exotic - - + very common; Kyllinga nemoralis Uni-spike Kyllinga herb native - + common (2) Kyllinga polyphylla Aromatic Kyllinga herb exotic common (2) - + ++ + + ++ Listed under Forests Queen Crape Lagerstroemia speciosa (3) large tree exotic Cultivated and Countryside + + Myrtle Ordinance Cap. 96 Lantana camara Lantana shrub exotic very common - + + ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++ Chinese very common; Leptochloa chinensis herb native - + Sprangletop common (2) Leucaena leucocephala White Popinac small tree exotic common - ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ small tree or Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet native common - + + shrub Brittle False restricted; Lindernia crustacea herb native - + + + + Pimpernel common (2)

restricted but Wild Plant under State Litchi chinensis (3) Lychee tree exotic + + +++ ++ + ++ widely planted Protection: Category II

shrub or Litsea cubeba Fragrant Litsea native common - ++ + small tree Litsea glutinosa Pond Spice tree native very common - +++ + + Persimmon-leaved Litsea monopetala small tree native restricted - + + Litsea Round-leaved Litsea rotundifolia var. Litsea/Oblong- shrub native very common - + ++ oblongifolia leaved Litsea perennial common; very Ludwigia adscendens Water-dragon native - + herb common (2) Ludwigia erecta - herb exotic - - + Ludwigia hyssopifolia - herb native very common (2) - + + ++

Lygodium japonicum Climbing Fern climbing herb native very common - + + + + ++

Macaranga tanarius Elephant's Ear tree native common - ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++ creeping Macroptilium lathyroides One-leaved Clover exotic common - + + + herb

Mallotus paniculatus Turn-in-the-wind tree or shrub native very common - +

Malvastrum coromandelianum False Mallow herb native common - + +

Mangifera indica Mango tree exotic - - + + + Manihot esculenta Tapioca Plant shrub exotic common - + Melaleuca cajuputi Paper-bark Tree tree exotic common - ++ ++ Common Melastoma malabathricum L. shrub native common - + ++ Melastoma Blood-red Melastoma sanguineum shrub native common - + ++ Melastoma Melia azedarach China-berry tree exotic common - ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ ++ +++ ++ perennial Melinis repens Redtop exotic very common - + +++ ++ herb climber: Merremia hederacea Ivy-like Merremia native restricted - + twining herb Listed under Forests White Jade Orchid Michelia x alba (3) tree exotic widely planted and Countryside + + + Tree Ordinance Cap. 96 shrub or Microcos nervosa Microcos native common - + +++ small tree perennial Ciliate very common; Microstegium ciliatum procumbent native - ++ Microstegium common (2) herb Mile-a-minute Mikania micrantha climbing herb exotic very common - ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ Weed Mimosa pudica Sensitive Plant herb exotic very common - + ++ + Many-flowered perennial Miscanthus floridulus native common - + Silvergrass herb Little-leaved Indian- climbing Morinda parvifolia native very common - + mulberry shrub

Morus alba White Mulberry tree or shrub native common - + + + +

Appendix 8.2 - P3 of 5 Appendix 8.2 Flora Species Recorded with the Assessment Area

perennial Musa x paradisiaca Common Banana exotic common - + +++ + + ++ herb climbing Mussaenda pubescens Splash-of-white native very common - + Shrub

Oleander , Nerium oleander large shrub exotic - - + + Common Oleander

perennial very common; Neyraudia reynaudiana Burma-reed native - + + + + herb common (2) Nymphaea sp. - aquatic herb exotic common (2) - + Ophiopogon japonicus - herb native common - +

Osmanthus fragrans Kwai-Fah tree or shrub exotic - - +

perennial Oxalis corniculata Sorrel native very common - + herb Oxalis debilis subsp. perennial Lavender Sorrel exotic common - + Corymbosa herb planted for Pachira aquatica - tree exotic ornamental - + purpose

Paederia scandens Chinese Fevervine climber: vine native very common - + + ++ + ++ +

creeping Palhinhaea cernua Nodding Clubmoss native very common - + + herb very common; Panicum brevifolium Panic Grass herb native - + common (2) Aquatic Panic perennial common; Panicum dichotomiflorum native - ++ ++ Grass herb uncommon (2) perennial Panicum maximum Guinea Grass exotic very common - ++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++++ ++ herb perennial Paspalum conjugatum Hilo Grass native common - + + + herb perennial Paspalum distichum Knotgrass native common (2) - + + herb Paspalum scrobiculatum var. perennial Ditch Millet native common (2) - ++ ++ orbiculare herb herbaceous Passiflora foetida Passion Flower exotic very common - + + + + vine perennial Pennisetum purpureum Napier Grass exotic very common - + + + herb Pericampylus glaucus Pericampylus woody vine native restricted - + small tree Phoenix roebelenii Dwarf Date Palm exotic - - + palm Common perennial very common; Phragmites australis native - ++++ ++ + Reedgrass herb common (2)

Phyllanthus emblica Myrobalan tree or shrub native very common - ++

Phyllanthus niruri Necklace Plant herb native common - + + Reticulated Leaf- Phyllanthus reticulatus shrub native common - + + flower Physalis angulata Ground Cherry herb native restricted - + Pinus elliottii Slash Pine tree exotic common - + Short-spiked Piper sarmentosum herb native restricted - ++ +++ Pepper

Platycladus orientalis Chinese Arborvitae tree exotic - - +

Pluchea indica Marsh Fleabane shrub native common (2) - + Frangipani , Red Plumeria rubra tree exotic - - + Fragipani

Polygonum chinensis Chinese Knotweed herb native very common - + +

Portulaca oleracea Purslane herb native very common - + perennial Pouzolzia zeylanica Ceylon Pouzolzia native common - + herb Psidium guajava Guava tree exotic common - +

Psychotria asiatica Wild Coffee tree or shrub native very common - ++

Semi-pinnated Pteris semipinnata herb native very common - ++ Brake Pteris vittata Ladder Brake herb native very common - + +

Pueraria lobata Kudzu climber: vine native common - + + ++ + +

Pycreus polystachyos - herb native very common (2) - + ++ shrub or Rhus chinensis Sumac native common - + small tree shrub or Rhus succedanea Wax Tree native common - + small tree Ricinus communis Castor-oil Plant shrub exotic restricted - + Little-leaved climbing Rourea microphylla native common - + Rourea shrub climbing Rourea minor - native common - + shrub Roystonea regia Royal Palm tree palm exotic - - + + Sacciolepis indica Indina Cupscale herb native very common (2) - + + Sageretia thea Hedge Sageretia shrub native very common - + Chinese Tallow Sapium sebiferum tree native common - + + + Tree Miniature Umbrella climbing Schefflera arboricola exotic cultivated - + Plant shrub Schefflera heptaphylla Ivy Tree tree native very common - + + (Schefflera octophylla) Scoparia dulcis Sweet Broomwort herb exotic common (2) - + + Senna alata Winged Cassia shrub exotic - - + shrub or Senna surattensis Sunshine Tree exotic - - + small tree Sesbania cannabina Dhaincha subshrub exotic common - ++ + + erect Sida acuta Acute Sida native common - + subshrub climbing Smilax china Greenbrier native very common - + shrub Shining-fruit Solanum americanum herb exotic very common - + + Nightshade Solanum torvum Tetrongan shrub exotic common - + + climbing Clasping-stem Solena amplexicaulis herbaceous native very common - + Solena vine Sonchus oleraceus Sow-Thistle herb exotic very common - + shrub or Sonneratia apetala - exotic - - + small tree shrub or Sonneratia caseolaris - exotic - - +++ +++ small tree

Appendix 8.2 - P4 of 5 Appendix 8.2 Flora Species Recorded with the Assessment Area

Narrow-leaved Spermacoce stricta Borreria, herb native restricted - + + Buttonweed Australian Smut- perennial Sporobolus fertilis native very common - + + + grass herb

Stephania longa Long Stephania climber: vine native common - +

Synedrella nodiflora Synedrella herb exotic very common - + Commonly Syngonium auritum - Herb Exotic - + cultivated Syzygium jambos Rose Apple tree exotic common - + +

very rare, widely Terminalia catappa Indian Almond large tree exotic - + + cultivated (4)

India-charcoal shrub or Trema tomentosa native common - + + Trema small tree perennial Tridax procumbens Tridax exotic very common - + + + herb Triumfetta rhomboidea Triumfetta subshrub native common - + Narrow-leaved Cat- perennial Typha angustifolia exotic rare; common (2) - +++ + tail herb subshrubby Urena lobata Rose Mallow native common - + ++ + herb woody Uvaria macrophylla Uvaria climbing native common - + shrub Vernonia cinerea Iron-weed herb native very common - + ++ ++ Vigna unguiculata subsp. Yard-long Bean climbing vine exotic - - + sesquipedalis shrub or Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia - native Restricted - + small tree

Vitis balanseana Little-fruited Grape woody vine native restricted - + + +

perennial common; also Wedelia trilobata - exotic - ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ herb widely cultivated Youngia japonica Hawk's Beard herb native very common - + + + Zanthoxylum avicennae Prickly Ash tree native common - + + Shiny-leaved climbing Zanthoxylum nitidum native very common - + Prickly Ash shrub

Notes: (1) Corlett, R., Xing, F., Ng, S. C., Chau, L., Wong, L. (2 ). Hong Kong Vascular Plants: Distribution and Status. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society. 23:1-3. (2) Yip, Y., Yip, K. L., Liu, K. U., Ngar Y. N., Lai, C. C. (2 1 ). A Floristic Survey of Marshes in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Biodiversity. Issue No. 19. (3) As the species was artificially introduced to the habitat, it is not considered as species of conservation importance. (4) Distribution of the species is described as 'rare' in Corlett et al . (2 ) but it is exotic, and is largely cultivated in Hong Kong Code for Abundance: +=scarce; ++=occasional; +++=frequent; ++++=abundant

Appendix 8.2 - P5 of 5