DOCSLIB.ORG

Afghanistan, 1 Agnew, Spiro, 123 Airline Industry, 162–163

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Afghanistan, 1 Agnew, Spiro, 123 Airline Industry, 162–163 Index Afghanistan, 1 oil seep discovery in, 116 Agnew, Spiro, 123 Outer Continental Shelf and, Airline industry, 162–163 141 Alabama, 59 Point Barrow, 116–117 Alaska, 138, 166–167, 184 Prince William Sound, 37, 154, ARCO and, 118 156 BP and, 118, 165 Prudhoe Bay, 3, 43, 118–119, Bush (George W.) and, 2 174 coastal residence and, 133–134 public domain and, 117 Deadhorse, 123 U.S. Department of the Interior energy independence and, and, 117–118, 120–121, 123, 115–127 125–128 Exxon Valdez and, 17 (see also Valdez, 36, 38–39, 122, 175 Exxon Valdez oil spill) Yukon River, 123 Gravel Amendment and, 123 Alaska Marine Highway, 134 Hickel (Walter) and, 118–121 Alaska Native Claims Settlement highways and, 133–134 Act (ANCSA), 121 Humble and, 118 Alaskan Federation of Natives, Klondike gold rush in, 116 117 limited resources of, 175–176 Alaskan pipeline litigation by State of, 140 Prudhoe Bay and, 43 logistics of drilling in, 116 rupture of, 41 Native protests in, 117–119, Trans-Alaskan Pipeline Autho- 121 rization Act, 123 North Slope, 33, 43, 115–117, Trans Alaska Pipeline System 119, 174 (TAPS), 3, 102, 118, 120, oil leases in, 116–119, 122–123 124–126 Valdez and, 36 226 Index Alyeska Pipeline Service Com- U.S. Department of the Interior pany, 39, 120, 123 and, 172–173 Amerada-Hess, 118–119 Aspheron Peninsula, 66 “American oil,” 64 Associated Press, 43, 56, 59 American Planning Association, ASTM (American Society for 109–110 Testing and Materials) Inter- Amoco Caldiz spill, 156 national, 66 Anadarko Petroleum, 57–58, Astor, John Jacob, 76 165 Atchafalaya River, 135 Andrus, Cecil, 127 Atrophy of vigilance, 35–39, Andry, Albert III, x–xi 41–42, 159 Anglo-American Petroleum Automobiles, 20, 37, 143 Company, 78 advantage of oil and, 72 Anglo-Dutch Shell Oil Com- American “love affair” with, pany, 103 107 Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, dependency on, 85–86 103, 106, 114 Federal-Aid Highway Acts and, Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 90, 110–111 102–103 General Motors and, 88, Angola, 18 109–111 Antitrust laws, 197n24 Great Depression and, Justice Department and, 109 106–107 Sherman Antitrust Act and, housing and, 108–110 78–79, 84, 177 Model T Ford and, 79 Texas and, 80, 82 National Interstate and De- Arabian Light crude oil, 114 fense Highways Act and, Arabian Peninsula, 103 111–112 Arab-Israeli war, 114 oil consumption and, 106–107 Arab Oil Embargo of 1973, required parking for, 109–110 113–114, 143, 183 streetcar removal and, 109 Archbold, John, 80 World War II era and, 107 ARCO (Atlantic Richfield Com- pany), 118 Baku, 66 Arctic Circle, 115 Bankruptcy, 17, 111 Arctic Ocean, 2–3 Barab, Jordan, 169–170 Arctic Slope Native Association, Barge-mounted draglines, 96 117 Barrel unit, 71 Area-wide leasing Barron, Daniel, III, 192n5 environmental issues and, 139– Barry, Dave, 97 140, 144–149, 172–173, 186 Barton, Joe L., 19, 58, 60, 194n41 Index 227 Bayous, 94, 97, 134–135 casing installation decisions of, Bea, Bob, 162 47–49 Benzene, 41 casual approach to safety by, “Beyond Petroleum” slogan, 40 34–61, 161–162 Bird migration, 11–12 cement bond log and, 49 Bligh Reef, 36–37, 51 centralizers and, 48–49 Blowout preventers, 15, 29, 45, clean-ups and, 153, 155–166, 55, 93, 196n2 169 clean-ups and, 159–161 drilling mud removal and, development of, 93 50–51 explanation of, 29 environmental issues and, previous success of, 10–11 xii (see also Environmental Sepulvado (Ronald) and, 44 issues) shear ram and, 159–161, 164 exclusion (debarring) and, 43, Blowouts. See also Deepwater 164–166 Horizon (drilling rig) fines of, 41–42 backups and, 50 Hayward (Tony) and, xii, 12, cement bond log and, 49 40–42, 46, 58, 152 gushers, 11, 17, 31, 80–83, House Committee on Energy 116, 156 and Commerce and, 46–47 Loop Current and, 11, 54 job cutting by, 40–41 policy for reducing, 158–170 judicial branch and, 59 skimmers and, 14, 53–54, Macondo project and, 9–20, 154–157 25, 29, 41–42, 49, 55, 57, Spindletop and, 80–83 159, 164, 174, 188–189 Bourg, Wes, xi Marianas and, 33 Boycotts, 106 Oil Spill Response Plan of, 53, BP, 2, 74. See also Deepwater 157–158, 194n31 Horizon (drilling rig) public relations strategies of, Alaskan oil and, 118, 165 12–14, 39–40 Anarko Petroleum and, 58 refocusing and, 164, 170 as Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, reform commitments of, 40–41 103, 106, 114 as Renegade Refiner, 42 atrophy of vigilance and, 35– shear ram and, 159–160, 164 39, 41–42, 159 Subcommittee on Oversight Barton’s apology to, 19, 58, 60, and Investigations and, 194n41 46–47 Beyond Petroleum slogan and, Texas City refinery explosion 40 and, 41, 44, 169 as British Petroleum, 39–40 toxic chemical release by, 41 Brown and, 40 228 Index Blowout preventers (cont.) United States v. California and, Transocean and, 33–34, 43, 100 45–46, 52–53, 58–59, 159, U.S. Minerals Management 165 Service (MMS) and, 130–132 Britain, 90, 102–103, 106, California State Mineral Leasing 196n19 Act, 97 Brower, Charles, 116 Campaign finances, 58–61, 78, Browne, John, 40 195n4 Brunei, 18 Canada, 40, 65, 122 Bullwinkle (oil platform code Cancer, 41 name), 9 Carbon dioxide, 32, 40 Bureau of Land Management, Cartels, 78, 90, 103, 196n20 117–118, 138, 172 Carter, Jimmy, 5, 125–127, 140, Bureau of Ocean Energy Man- 143 agement, Regulation and Casing, 28–30, 45–51, 67 Enforcement (BOEMRE), 57, Catalytic converter, 89 167–168 Cement, 32, 59 Burning off natural gas, 14, bond logs and, 49 32–33 casing and, 28–29, 45, 48–50 Bush, George H.W., 6, 141–142 centralizers and, 48–49 Bush, George W., 2–3, 6, 53, 56, sealing with, 32, 43, 48 142, 178 sediment and, 22 Census of Marine Life, 11 Caddo Lake field, 92, 92–94, Center for American Progress, 196n2 150 California Central Intelligence Agency Fall, Albert, and, 116 (CIA), 106 Guadalupe, 13 Centralizers, 48–49 Montecito, 124 Chadman, John, 90 Oakland, 110 Chandeleur Islands, 94 Outer Continental Shelf and, Chandler, William U., 113 125–127 Cheney, Richard, 56 Santa Barbara channel and, 97, Chevron, 177 124, 131 Chicago, 76 Santa Barbara oil spill and, 10, China, 66, 177–178 91, 123–126, 153–154, 173, China National Offshore Oil 198n14 Corporation (CNOOC), 177 Summerland, 91–92, 124 Chumash people, 63 Tidelands Controversy and, Civil War, 75–76 98–101 Clark, William (explorer), 76 Clark, William P., Jr., 139 Index 229 Clarke, Lee, 53, 158, 193n7 Competitive bidding, 87, 101, Clay, Lucius, 110 146 Clean Development Mechanism, Conflicts of interest.See Corrup- 32–33 tion and conflicts of interest Clean-up of oil spills, 13, 124 ConocoPhillips, 42 blowout preventers and, Consumption of oil 159–161 American Way of Life and, BP and, 153, 155–166, 169 185–189 Deepwater Horizon spill and, automobiles and, 106–107 155–156, 159–160, 163–167 depletion rates and, 85, Exxon Valdez spill and, 154– 172–173 157, 166 during World War II, 105 fantasy documents and, 158 energy crisis and, 113, kill operations and, 156–157, 122–123 161 future and, 178–184 lack of technology for, Naval Petroleum Reserves and, 153–156 86–87 management issues and, oil shortages and, 85–86, 88, 158–164 115–116, 123, 143 National Research Council overadaptation and, 73 and, 154 remaining oil estimates and, policy recommendations for, 174–175 158–164 stretching of resources and, recovery rates of, 156 182–183 Santa Barbara spill and, United States’ lead in, 84–85, 153–154 106, 179–180 shear ram and, 159–160, 164 U.S. Fuel Administration and, skimmers and, 14, 53, 84–85 154–157 Containment efforts, 13–14, 39, staging of, 154–155 157 transparency and, 162–163 Cooper, Anderson, 33 Cleveland, Grover, 78 Corruption and conflicts of Cleveland, Ohio, 75–77 interest CNN, 33, 44, 51 bribed politicians and, 57–61 Coal, 71–72, 84, 86, 104, 181 (see also Politics) Coalition forces, 2 depletion allowance and, 84 Code names for oil platforms, 9 judicial branch and, 59 Cognac (oil platform code McKinley (William) and, name), 9 78–79 Colorado, 18, 24, 116, 150 National Recovery Administra- tion and, 89–90 230 Index Corruption and conflicts of in- drilling mud removal and, terest (cont.) 50–51 Pact of Achnacarry and, 90, drilling operations of, 33–36 103, 196n20 estimating size of spill at, reform and, 40, 77, 87, 164 12–14 regulators and, 59–60 (see also explosion of, xi–xii, 7, 43, 47, Regulation) 55 Standard Oil and, 78–79 false alarms and, 45 Tidelands Controversy and, gas pressure and, 33 98–101 Halliburton and, ix, 48, 59 U.S. Minerals Management location and, 33 Service (MMS) and, 51–57, Macondo project and, 9–20, 61 25, 29, 41–42, 49, 55, 57, War Revenues Act and, 85 159, 164, 174, 188–189 Cost-cutting, 15, 37, 42, 169, as nightmare well, 47 193n12 physical description of, ix–x Cox, Archibald, 125 policy recommendations from, Cracking (in oil refining), 71 166–167, 174 Crawford, Truitt, 43 public awareness and, 93 Cullinan, Joseph, 82 public relations strategies and, Curzon, Lord, 85 12–14 Cuttings, 30 record-setting status of, ix–x, Cyprus, 103 15, 33 recovery plans and, 13–14, 53 Dallas Morning News, 58 shear ram and, 159–160 D’Arcy, William Knox, 102–103 sinking of, xii Deepwater Horizon (drilling surviving members of, 33–34 rig), ix–xiii, 6–7, 35, 80, 129, technology of, ix–x, 15, 19 192n5 thrusters of, x casing installation decisions Deepwater Horizon Study on, 47–49 Group, 164 casual approach to safety on, Deepwater Horizon United 34, 36, 41–60 Command, 13 cement bond log and, 49 Deep Water Royalty Relief Act, clean-ups and, 155–156, 159– 149, 200n16 160, 163–167 Depletion allowance, 84 containment efforts at spill of, Derricks, 70, 80–81, 91, 95, 124, 13–14 132 crew size of, x Deterding, Henry, 90 deaths on, xi Dinosaurs, 4, 7, 22, 73–74, 175, disabled safety systems on, 45 180–182, 185 Index 231 Draglines, 96 Exclusive Economic Zones Drake, Edwin L., 25, 67–69, 71, and, 2 81–82, 102 Executive Order 9633 and, 99 Drake engine, 69 extraction costs and, 24 Drake’s Folly, 67 fines and, 41–42, 109, 162, “Drill, baby, drill!” slogan, 178 170, 193n13 Drilling bits, 2, 27–29, 67–68 foreign oil and, 5–6, 90, 113– Drilling mud, 28–31, 50–51 114, 121–122 Drilling rights.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Wreck of the Exxon Valdez: a Case of Crisis Mismanagement
    THE WRECK OF THE EXXON VALDEZ: A CASE OF CRISIS MISMANAGEMENT by Sarah J. Clanton A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Communication Division of Communication UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-STEVENS POINT Stevens Point, Wisconsin January 1993 FORMD Report on Oral Defense of Thesis TITLE: __T_h_e_w_r_ec_k_o_f_t_h_e_E_x_x_o_n_v_a_ia_e_z_: _A_c_a_s_e_o_f_c_r_i_·s_i_· s_ Mismanagement AUTHOR: __s_a_r_a_h_J_._c_l_a_n_t_o_n _____________ Having heard an oral defense of the above thesis, the Advisory Committee: ~) Finds the defense of the thesis to be satisfactory and accepts the thesis as submitted, subject to the following recommendation(s), if any: __B) Finds the defense of the thesis to be unsatisfactory and recommends that the defense of the thesis be rescheduled contingent upon: Date: r;:1;;2.- 95' Committee: _....._~__· ___ /_. _....l/AA=--=-'- _ _____,._~_ _,, Advisor ~ J h/~C!.,)~ THE WRECK OF THE EXXON VALDEZ: A CASE OF CRISIS MISMANAGEMENT INDEX I. Introduction A. Exxon's lack of foresight and interest B. Discussion of corporate denial C. Discussion of Burkean theory of victimage D. Statement of hypothesis II. Burke and Freud -Theories of Denial and Scapegoating A. Symbolic interactionism B. Burke's theories of human interaction C. Vaillant's hierarchy D. Burke's hierarchy E. Criteria for a scapegoat F. Denial defined G. Denial of death III. Crisis Management-State of the Art A. Organizational vulnerability B. Necessity for preparation C. Landmark cases-Wisconsin Electric D. Golin Harris survey E. Exxon financial settlement F. Crisis management in higher education G. Rules of crisis management H. Tracing issues and content analysis I.
    [Show full text]
  • 8.0 Literature Cited Adams, J
    8.0 Literature Cited Adams, J. and S. Halchuk. 2003. Fourth Generation Seismic Hazard Maps of Canada: Values for over 650 Canadian Localities Intended for the 2005 National Building Code of Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 4459, 155 p. Ainley, D.G., C.R. Grau, T.E. Roudybush, S.H. Morrell and J.M. Utts. 1981. Petroleum ingestion reduces reproduction in Cassin’s Auklets. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 12: 314-317. Albers, P.H. 1977. Effects of external applications of fuel oil on hatchability of Mallard Eggs. pp. 158-163. In: D.A. Wolfe (ed.), Fate and effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine ecosystems and organisms. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 478 p. Albers, P.H. 1978. The effects of petroleum on different stages of incubation in Bird Eggs. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 19: 624-630. Albers, P.H. and M.L. Gay. 1982. Unweathered and weathered aviation kerosene: chemical characterization and effects on hatching success of Duck Eggs. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 28: 430-434 Albers, P.H. and R.C. Szaro. 1978. Effects of No. 2 fuel oil on Common Eider Eggs. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 9: 138-139. Amos, B., D. Bloch, G. Desportes, T.M.O. Majerus, D.R. Bancroft, J.A. Barrett and G.A. Dover. 1993. A review of molecular evidence relating to social organisation and breeding system in the long-finned pilot whale. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn Spec. Iss. 14:209-217. Andersen, S. 1970. Auditory sensitivity of the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena. pp. 255-259. In: Pilleri, G., ed. Investigations on Cetacea.
    [Show full text]
  • Drill, Spill and Bill: EXXONMOBIL, a Well Oiled Machine a Review of "Private Empire: Exxonmobil and American Power." by Steve Coll
    Journal of International Business and Law Volume 12 | Issue 2 Article 15 2013 Drill, Spill and Bill: EXXONMOBIL, A Well Oiled Machine A Review of "Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power." By Steve Coll. Michael Berger Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/jibl Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Berger, Michael (2013) "Drill, Spill and Bill: EXXONMOBIL, A Well Oiled Machine A Review of "Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power." By Steve Coll.," Journal of International Business and Law: Vol. 12: Iss. 2, Article 15. Available at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/jibl/vol12/iss2/15 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of International Business and Law by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Berger: Drill, Spill and Bill: EXXONMOBIL, A Well Oiled Machine A Review DRILL, SPILL AND BILL: EXXONMOBIL, A WELL OILED MACHINE Afichael A. Berger* Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power. By Steve Coll. New York: The Penguin Press. 2012. INTRODUCTION Over the past few years the world economy has fluctuated, countries have faced financial crises, businesses have failed, people have faced growing levels of poverty and the United States had its credit rating downgraded for the first time in its storied histouy.' Among the bleak economic climate, one company has managed to thrive and realize growing profits. For some this company was a beacon of success, for others a symbol of corporate greed.
    [Show full text]
  • Damages from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
    Environmental and Resource Economics 25: 257–286, 2003. 257 © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Contingent Valuation and Lost Passive Use: Damages from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill RICHARD T. CARSON1, ROBERT C. MITCHELL2, MICHAEL HANEMANN3, RAYMOND J. KOPP4, STANLEY PRESSER5 and PAUL A. RUUD3 1University of California, San Diego, USA; 2Clark University, USA; 3University of California, Berkeley, USA; 4Resources for the Future, USA; 5University of Maryland, USA Accepted 31 March 2003 Abstract. We report on the results of a large-scale contingent valuation (CV) study conducted after the Exxon Valdez oil spill to assess the harm caused by it. Among the issues considered are the design features of the CV survey, its administration to a national sample of U.S. households, estimation of household willingness to pay to prevent another Exxon Valdez type oil spill, and issues related to reliability and validity of the estimates obtained. Events influenced by the study’s release are also briefly discussed. Key words: natural resource damage assessment JEL classification: Q26 1. Introduction On the night of 24 March 1989, the Exxon Valdez left the port of Valdez, Alaska and was steaming through the Valdez Narrows on its way to the open waters of Prince William Sound. The tanker left the normal shipping lanes to avoid icebergs from the nearby Columbia Glacier and ran into the submerged rocks of Bligh Reef; its crew failed to realize how far off the shipping lanes the tanker had strayed.1 Oil compartments ruptured, releasing 11 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude oil into the Prince William Sound.
    [Show full text]
  • Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report Population
    Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report Population Recovery Status of Littleneck Clams in Prince William Sound: An Unexpected Turn of Events… Restoration Project 070829 Final Report Gary Shigenaka1 Douglas A. Coats2 Allan K. Fukuyama3 1U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration Emergency Response Division 7600 Sand Point Way N.E Seattle, Washington 98115 2Marine Research Specialists 3140 Telegraph Road, Suite A Ventura, California 93003 3Fukuyama-Hironaka Taxonomic & Environmental 7019 157th Street S.W. Edmonds, Washington 98026 September 2008 The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council administers all programs and activities free from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The Council administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Action of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility, or if you desire further information, please write to: EVOS Trustee Council, 4210 University Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99501-2340; or O.E.O. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report Population Recovery Status of Littleneck Clams in Prince William Sound: An Unexpected Turn of Events… Restoration Project 070829 Final Report Gary Shigenaka1 Douglas A. Coats2 Allan K. Fukuyama3 1U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration Emergency Response Division 7600 Sand Point Way N.E Seattle, Washington 98115 2Marine Research Specialists 3140 Telegraph Road, Suite A Ventura, California 93003 3Fukuyama-Hironaka Taxonomic & Environmental 7019 157th Street S.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery for Economic Loss Following the Exxon <I>Valdez</I> Oil Spill
    Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 1994 Recovery for Economic Loss Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Victor P. Goldberg Columbia Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Environmental Law Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Litigation Commons, and the Torts Commons Recommended Citation Victor P. Goldberg, Recovery for Economic Loss Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, 23 J. LEGAL STUD. 1 (1994). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2644 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RECOVERY FOR ECONOMIC LOSS FOLLOWING THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL VICTOR P. GOLDBERG* I. INTRODUCTION THE physical cleanup following one of the worst oil spills in history, that of the Exxon Valdez, is done. 1 The legal cleanup, however, has barely begun. Over 100 law firms participating in over 200 suits in federal and state courts involving more than 30,000 claims are presently engaged in litigation.2 Fishermen, cannery workers, fishing lodges, tour boat oper­ ators, oil companies whose shipments were delayed, and even California * Thomas Macioce Professor of Law and Codirector, Center for Law and Economic Studies, Columbia University School of Law. For comments on previous drafts, I would like to thank Merritt Fox, Ronald Gilson, Bruce Johnsen, Ken Jones, Bill Landes, Julie Nelson, Dick Pierce, Mark Roe, and participants at workshops at Yale University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Connecticut, University of California, Berke­ ley, and the University of Michigan.
    [Show full text]
  • Status Report (Case 3:91-CV-0082 (HRH)) Page 1 of 20
    JOHN C. CRUDEN Assistant Attorney General Environment & Natural Resources Division United States Department of Justice WILLIAM D. BRIGHTON Assistant Section Chief Environmental Enforcement Section ERIKA M. ZIMMERMAN Trial Attorney Environmental Enforcement Section Environment & Natural Resources Division United States Department of Justice c/o NOAA/Damage Assessment 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, WA 98115 Telephone: (206) 526-6608 Facsimile: (206) 526-6665 Email: [email protected] ATTORNEYS FOR THE UNITED STATES UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF ALASKA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) ) Plaintiff, ) No. 3:91–CV-0082 Civil (HRH) ) v. ) ) JOINT STATUS REPORT BY EXXON CORPORATION, EXXON SHIPPING ) THE UNITED STATES AND COMPANY, and EXXON PIPELINE COMPANY, ) THE STATE OF ALASKA et al., in personam, and the T/V EXXON VALDEZ, ) in rem, ) ) Defendants. ) ) Status Report (Case 3:91-CV-0082 (HRH)) Page 1 of 20 Case 3:91-cv-00082-HRH Document 461 Filed 10/14/15 Page 1 of 20 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY The United States and the State of Alaska (“Governments”) jointly present this final report to the Court concerning the Reopener for Unknown Injury (“Reopener”) in the 1991 Consent Decree between the Governments and corporate predecessors of Exxon Mobil Corporation (“Exxon” or “Defendants”) relating to the March 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (“Spill” or “EVOS”).1 The 1991 Consent Decree settled the Governments’ civil claims against Exxon arising from the Spill, including claims for natural resource damages (“NRD”). It required Defendants to pay a total of $900 million to reimburse past government costs and to fund natural resource restoration work by a Trustee Council made up of three federal and three state natural resource trustee agencies (the “Trustees”).2 The settlement was final except for a “reopener” provision, which allowed the Governments to seek up to $100 million in additional restoration costs under narrow circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • Thirty Years Later
    Thirty Years Later On the 20th and 30th Anniversaries of the Exxon Valdez and Three Mile Island Accidents, Respectively, We Do Not Seem to Have Learned From History By Paul Rosenberg, Senior Editor ust after four in the morning on March 28, 1979—36 sec- Jonds after four, to be precise—the first pumps sup- plying water coolant stopped func- tioning at Unit 2 of the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant near Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. This began a Highland Matt Graphic: chain of events that lead to a partial core meltdown and the release of ra- diation into the atmosphere, the full extent of which remains unknown to this day. Inside the plant, station manager Gary Miller stated, “Radia- tion was all over the place. Everything was off scale.” Nearby cancer rates in- creased in the years following, but the These are images from the days following the Exxon Valdez spill: official story blames the increase on “stress.” Courtesy of the NOAA Almost exactly ten years later, just after midnight on March 24, 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez struck Bligh Reef, spilling an estimated 10.8 million gal- lons of oil into the Prince William Sound, killing a quarter million to a half million seabirds, thousands of sea otters, hun- dreds of seals, and billions of young salmon, herring fish eggs and young juvenile fish. Despite cleanup efforts begun soon afterwards, a study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) found that over 26,000 gallons of oil remained in the sandy beach soil as of early 2007, and wildlife populations have yet to recover, including the commercial herring fishery.
    [Show full text]
  • Port Valdez Project Final Reportopen in New(Opens in New
    A Regional Multiple-Stressor Ecological Risk Assessment for Port Valdez, Alaska Prepared by: Janice K. Wiegers1, Howard M. Feder2, Wayne G. Landis1, Linda S. Mortensen1, David G. Shaw2, Valerie J. Wilson1 1 Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 2 Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska March 31, 1997 Reprinted October 2003 RCAC Contract #1033.102 A Regional Multiple-Stressor Ecological Risk Assessment for Port Valdez, Alaska Prepared by Janice K. Wiegers1, Howard M. Feder2, Wayne G. Landis1, Linda S. Mortensen1, David G. Shaw2, Valerie J. Wilson1 1 Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Huxley College of Environmental Science Western Washington University Bellingham, WA 98225 2 Institute of Marine Science University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK 99775 IETC No. 9701 March 31, 1997 Reprinted October 2003 Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................. iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgments...................................................................................................... viii List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................... ix Risk Terminology .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons of the Exxon Valdez Steiner 1990
    of the Exxon Valdez AI (" ar C 91) Program Elmer E. Rasmuson Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Steiner. Rick. Lessons of the Exxon Valdez. (SG-ED-08) 1. Exxon Valdez (Ship) 2. Oil pollution of the sea-Prince William Sound. 3. Oil spills-Environmental aspects-Alaska. I. Byers. Kurt. II. Alaska Sea Granl College Program. III. Series: Sea Grant education publication: no. 8. TD427.P4S741990 This publication was produced by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program which is cooperatively supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant and Extramural Programs, under grant number NA90AA-D-SG066, project Af71-01 and A·75-01; and by the University of Alaska with funds appropriated by the state. The University of Alaska provides equal education and employment for all, regardless of race, color. religion, national origin, sex, age, disability, status as a Vietnam era or disabled veteran, marital status. changes in marital status, pregnancy, or parenthood pursuant to applicable state and federal laws. Lessons of the Exxon Valdez Written by Rick Steiner Alaska Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program Cordova, Alaska and Kur1 Byers Alaska Sea Grant College Program Fairbanks, Alaska Technical editing by Sue Keller Alaska Sea Grant College Program Fairbanks, Alaska Alaska Sea Grant College Program University of Alaska Fairbanks 138 Irving II Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5040 (907) 474-7086 Fax (907) 474-6265 ~ SG-ED-08 I!':I' 1990 Acknowledgments Information and Review The 1oIow~'CI people c:ontribuMd w.wable idomIaIion, ~ . aroIlII<:tlnical ....ww for porIic:Q of IhiI pUbllc;Ition. o.~ AdIley. James fall, Uel'd Lowry, CNrIes Ideacl>am, Hern\llfl SaYikl<o, .tIC! I.Iic:IIeIIe Sydeman.
    [Show full text]
  • Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Cleanup, and Litigation: a Collection of Social-Impacts Information and Analysis
    Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Cleanup, and Litigation: A Collection of Social-Impacts Information and Analysis Final Report, Volume I: Final Comprehensive Report Prepared for: Michael Baffrey, Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service Environmental Studies Section 949 East 36th Avenue, Suite 300 Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4363 Prepared by: Impact Assessment, Inc. 2166 Avenida de la Playa, Suite F La Jolla, California 92037 John C. Russell, Ph.D. Michael A. Downs, Ph.D. Betsy R. Strick, Ph.D. Michael S. Galginaitis August 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE REPORT 2.0 BACKGROUND: CONTEXT AND EVENT CHARACTERISTICS 2.1 ESSENTIAL FACTOR: BIOPHYSICAL CONTEXT 2.2 ESSENTIAL FACTOR: SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT 2.3 A SUMMARY OF EVENT CHARACTERISTICS 3.0 COMMUNITY BY COMMUNITY SUMMARY 3.1 NONNATIVE COMMUNITIES 3.1.1 Valdez 3.1.2 Cordova 3.1.3 Whittier 3.1.4 Seward 3.1.5 Seldovia 3.1.6 Homer 3.1.7 Kenai 3.1.8 Kodiak 3.2 NATIVE COMMUNITIES 3.2.1 Kodiak Island Native Communities 3.2.2 Alaska Peninsula Communities 3.2.3 Kenai Peninsula Native Communities 3.2.4 Prince William Sound Native Communities 4.0 COMMUNITIES AND CONFIGURATIONS OF SOCIAL FACTORS 4.1 NATIVE PATTERN 4.2 FISHING DEPENDENT ECONOMY PATTERN 4.3 DIVERSIFIED COMMUNITY ECONOMY PATTERN 4.4 INDUSTRIAL COMMUNITY PATTERN 4.5 SUMMARY OF SOCIAL FACTOR CONFIGURATIONS 5.0 LESSONS LEARNED, EVENT DEMANDS, ANDRECOMMENDATION 5.1 COMMUNITY CULTURE 5.1.1 Differences Between Native and Non-Native Culture
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Disasters
    Environmental Disasters Activity Activity Instruction In this activity, you will learn about the environmental movement and the disasters that inspired it. Then, write a postcard, from the perspective of an activist, to a public official that summarizes an environmental disaster and advocates for federal policy changes. Vocabulary industrialization: the transformation, due to technological advancements, from an agricultural or artisan-based economy to an economy built on large industries. Superfund: a federal fund to clean up toxic waste. radioactive waste: a by-product of the use of nuclear materials that is dangerous to human and animal health. Background Information The modern environmental movement began in earnest during the 1960s. The 1962 publication of Silent Spring by Rachael Carson is often cited as the event that began the movement. Her book raised the issue of the effects of the long-term use of such pesticides as DDT. Then in 1964 the Wilderness Act, an early example of an attempt to protect certain lands from industrial pollution, was passed. In 1970, the U.S. government created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which has remained the most important federally-run environmental organization. Read the first article titled "Focus on the Environment," in Sources. Select one of the disasters discussed in the article: the Love Canal disaster, the Santa Barbara oil spill, the Three Mile Island accident, or the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Learn more about the disaster you chose by reading the corresponding article in Sources. Select or draw an image that captures the event for the front of your postcard. Write your letter on the back of the picture you selected or drew.
    [Show full text]