Non Parametric Statistics

Independent variables=Nominal or Ordinal Dependent variables=Nominal or Ordinal Chi square of association/Chi square of independence

• Evaluates whether a statistical analysis exists between two variables when the variables are nominal/ordinal. • The rows represent the levels of one variable and the columns represent the levels of the other variable. What can I test with crosstabs

• Relations between nominal/ordinal data – Religion and occupation – Sports participation and gender – Gender and virginity status – Personality Type from Mobil App & Personality Type from Questionnaire Example

• Are proportions of male college students who treat young, middle age and elderly women the same • Personality has 2 levels – 0= Extraversion – 1= Introversion • Age of women has 3 levels – 1=young – 2=middle age – 3=elderly

Click on Statistics

Click on Cells Is there any relation between the Gender and Believer in God Status

9/27 = .33 = 33.3%

33.3% of females were Non-Believers

Or

9/25 = .36=36%

36% of non- believers were females Use bar graph to display results Is there any relation between gender and belief in God?

Results indicated a significant relationship between Gender and Belief in God (X2 (1, N=51) = 5.65, p = .017) and the effect size was moderate Ǿ= -.33. Females (66.7%) were more likely to be believers than males (33.3%). Interpreting effect Size-

Cramer’s V = effect size for chi-square when you have more that 3 groups Phi coefficient= effect size for Effect size power based on degrees of freedom. The smallest side of chi-square= √ X2/N contingency table Effect Size .10 =small effect Smallest side of small medium large .30=moderate effect Contingency table 2 (df smaller=1) .10 .30 .50 .50=large effect

Only use for 2 X 2 tables 3 (df smaller=2) .07 .21 .35

4 (df smaller=3) .06 .17 .29