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Mine/UXO Casualties and Casualty Surveillance in Cambodia

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Mine/UXO Casualties and Casualty Surveillance in Cambodia Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction Volume 5 Issue 1 The Journal of Mine Action Article 7 April 2001 Mine/UXO Casualties and Casualty Surveillance in Cambodia Reuben McCarthy Handicap International Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation McCarthy, Reuben (2001) "Mine/UXO Casualties and Casualty Surveillance in Cambodia," Journal of Mine Action : Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal/vol5/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction by an authorized editor of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. McCarthy: Mine/UXO Casualties and Casualty Surveillance in Cambodia Mine casualty data gathering was lance system, which concentrated on commune, district and provincial Mine/UXO Casualties initiated in Cambodia by the Mines monitoring ongoing mine incidents. level, as reported by MAG, CMAC Advisory Group (MAG) in 1994. In The intention was to provide up-to­ and the HALO Trust. Additionally, and Casualty Surveillance in Cambodia early 1995, the Cambodian Mine dare data on incidents and casualties the results of HIICRC's national Action Centre (CMAC) began a pilot and to facilitate the prioritization, survey of mine victims have enabled Handicap International's Reuben McCarthy details the combined efforts of HI, project for casualty data gathering. planning and evaluation of mine the division of Cambodia into Following the pilot project, the activity related activities. operationally high and low incident the Cambodian Red Cross and UNICEF in Cambodia. Putting faces with statistics, was outsourced by CMAC to CRC It was perhaps a unique feature villages, districts, communes and he gives the how, when and where of mine/UXO incidents in the country. and HI. The two agencies were of casualty data gathering in provinces, according to the number of considered appropriate for the task in Cambodia that it combined survey casualties recorded by the survey. view of their work with the survivors with surveillance. The combined data Finally, an analysis of the history of of mine accidents, because of the sets enabled a comprehensive picture the conflict in Cambodia, and areas national coverage of the CRC and its of the circumstances of mine incidents known to have experienced large extensive network of volunteer health and occurrences offatal and non-fatal amoums of armed conflict, influenced workers, and due to HI's ongoing role injuries caused by mines and UXO the choice of sites. in mine action in Cambodia and throughout Cambodia. The Following the recommendations experience in the development of documented history allowed patterns of a Mid- Term Review of MAG and indigenous organizations. to be traced in the rate and type of HIICRC's projects by UNICEF4 in Starting in September 1995, HI mine injuries and established means early 1999, MAG began to transfer the and the CRC took full responsibility for advocating the interests of an responsibility of its project ro HI/CRC for the project on behalf of CMAC, enormous number of mine accident to enable greater standardization and in four provinces of Cambodia. The survivors. At the same time, the use of the CRC volumeer network in partnership involved CRC under­ surveillance of ongoing incidents data gathering. By November 1999, taking data gathering in provincial enabled the effective prioritization of the transfer was complete, and HI/ locations and HI providing training mine action resources and established CRC was conducting data gathering and technical support in the establish­ a baseline for measuring the in all of MAG's coverage areas, in ment of the data gathering system, effectiveness of different aspects of addition ro nine other provinces and database and the tools for data analysis mine action programs, on a month­ municipalities, bringing the total and dissemination. Initially, the Hl/ by-month basis. Nonetheless, the dual coverage, by December 2000, to 20 CRC project was conducted in system had certain weaknesses, not the provinces and municipalities. coordination w ith MAG's project, least being the lack ofsra ndardization fn all of its aspects and phases of enabling coverage of a total of 11 of between the information collected and operation and development, mine • Landmine victims the most mine-affected provinces in the techniques for prioritizing data casualty data gathering in Cambodia in Au long Veng, Cambodia. In its formative stages, gathering. By the end of 1997, has as its central motivation the Cambodia. casualty data gathering in Cambodia however, most villages in heavily mine­ facilitation of a reduction and, c/oAP comprised both a community and affected areas had been visited by HI/ ultimately, cessation of mine and hospital level survey of accidents CRC and a national data set of UXO related casualties, through the by Reuben McCarthy, taking place during and prior to 1997, historical mine incidents was mostly collection and dissemination of timely Project Advisor, Handicap International, Belgium Mine/UXO Casualty Surveillance in Cambodia and ongoing surveillance of current finalized. and useful data on mine casualties to incidents. Subsequently, in 1998, HI/CRC mine action agencies. Moreover, a key In countries heavily contaminated with mines and From 1995 to 1997, data and MAG agreed on a common motivation of the project has been to Introduction UXO, mine casualty data2 is seen as an essential element gathering conducted by HI/CRC system of data gathering, which provide support to survivors of mine for fund raising and the effective targeting and prioritization focused on a village level survey to focused on the surveillance of currem and UXO accidents by disseminating ver the last five years Handicap lmernational (HI) of often limited resources, particularly in the areas of mine provide comprehensive baseline data or ongoing mine incidents and their information on the location and and the Cambodian Red Cross (CRC), with the awareness, mine clearance and victim assistance. Depending on the number and circumstances human casualties. Both data sets were condition of survivors to victim O technical support of UNICEF, have been involved on the scope of the information collected, mine casualty surrounding mine accidents in later merged into a single database, assistance agencies. Thus far, the in the collection, storage and dissemination of information data may also provide a useful baseline for monitoring the Cambodia, from 197 9 to 1997. established and managed by HI/CRC, project has established an effective related to the human casualties of mines and UXO in aims and effectiveness of different components of such During this period more than 35,000 and a standardized data gathering organization dedicated ro the advocacy Cambodia. The following paper provides the background projects, establish mechanisms for the direct advocacy of casualty reports were completed by form was used by both agencies. of the interests of mine victims and to the activity, its rationale and history, along with an mine affected communities, while providing valued support HI!CRC in heavily mine-affected Priority areas for data gathering were, mine affected communities. To these overview of mine/UXO casualties in Cambodia from 1998 to national and international efforrs to achieve a global provinces.3 At the same time, MAG and remain largely, determined by the ends, information provided by rhe to 1999.1 ban on the sale, use and stockpiling of landmines. established a mine incident surveil- degree of mine contamination at a project has facilitated: Published by JMU Scholarly Commons, 2001 • 18 • • 19 • 1 Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction, Vol. 5, Iss. 1 [2001], Art. 7 • The discovery and location of new their National Level One Survey of the 1997-1998, leading to an overall reported to be casualties of mine/ Casualties in 1998-99 by Age and or unknown mined areas through Mine and UXO situation in reduction in the number of human UXO incidents in Cambodia. Of Gender Table 1 the village level identification of Cambodia. Along with agencies casualties caused by mines/UXO. these, 1,685 casualties were reported Casualties %ofTotal mine accident sites. involved in mine action, the project Despite this, mines and UXO remain in 1998, and 1,005 in 1999. • Of all casualties Ill 1998-99, 91 Men 2,020 75% • The design of appropriate mine has provided information support to one of the foremost obstacles to • In 1996, an average of 253 percent were males, while 9 percent Children <18 536 20% awareness curricula through the numerous agencies involved in mine development and are a present threat Cambodians suffered mine were females. Women 128 5% identification ofbehavior leading to victim assistance. to the lives and livelihoods of the incidents per month. In 1997, the • Among children, as among adults, Unknown 6 0.002% mine accidents and the types of From June to July 2000, people of Cambodia, particularly as rate of casualties decreased to 137 a males made up the majority of Total 2,690 100% devices causing the incidems. UNICEF supported an external they enter areas previously inacces­ month; in 1998 a slight increase was casualties. Nonetheless, girls suffered • The ability to better help determine evaluation of the HI/CRC's project. sible due to ongoing conflict. recorded and an average of 140 at a higher rate (as compared to Table 1. Total mine/UXO casualties: 7998-7 999. priorities for different mine action The evaluation focused on an analysis The following section provides an casualties per month were reported; boys) than did women (as compared program componems in different of the stated objectives of the project overview of the situation of mine while in 1999 the average decreased co men).
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