DOCSLIB.ORG

The 2015 Ms 6.5 Pishan Earthquake, Northwest Tibetan Plateau: a Folding Event in the Western Kunlun Piedmont

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The 2015 Ms 6.5 Pishan Earthquake, Northwest Tibetan Plateau: a Folding Event in the Western Kunlun Piedmont Research Paper GEOSPHERE The 2015 Ms 6.5 Pishan earthquake, Northwest Tibetan Plateau: A folding event in the western Kunlun piedmont 1,2 2 2 2 2 2 2 GEOSPHERE, v. 15, no. 3 Chuanyong Wu , Jianming Liu , Jin Li , Weihua Hu , Guodong Wu , Xiangde Chang , and Yuan Yao 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China 2Earthquake Agency of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02063.1 7 figures; 2 tables ■ ABSTRACT investigate whether the Pishan earthquake generated a surface fault and what the deformation characteristics of this event are. The surface rupture caused CORRESPONDENCE: [email protected] Folding earthquakes are a popular area of research in convergent orogenic by an earthquake can provide a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of belts because they can cause destruction without an obvious surface offset. coseismic faulting on landscape evolution and to refine regional deformation CITATION: Wu, C.Y., Liu, J.M., Li, J., Hu, W.H., Wu, G.D., Chang, X.D., and Yao, Y., The 2015 Ms 6.5 Pishan The Ms 6.5 Pishan earthquake (Ms represents Richter magnitude scale), which models (Wallace, 1977; Yeats et al., 1997; Bull, 2009). The tectonic deformation earthquake, Northwest Tibetan Plateau: A folding event occurred in the western Kunlun piedmont, Northwest Tibetan Plateau, caused and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau have been popular areas of research. Two in the western Kunlun piedmont: Geosphere, v. 15, no. 3, significant property losses. Based on surface deformation data combined main models of upper crustal shortening and faulting (e.g., Tapponnier et al., p. 935–945, https:// doi.org /10.1130 /GES02063.1. with earthquake relocation results, structural geology, and seismic reflection 2001; Hubbard and Shaw, 2009; Xu et al., 2009; Jiang et al., 2013) and lower profiles, we determined that the Pishan blind thrust anticline is a seismogenic crustal viscous flow (e.g., Clark and Royden, 2000; Royden et al., 2008) have Science Editor: David Fastovsky Associate Editor: Huaiyu Yuan structure. The surface deformation caused by this earthquake was dominated been used to explain the growth of the plateau. The tectonic deformation and by layer folding and surface uplift, which generated tensional ground fissures growth pattern of western Kunlun, which is the northwestern margin of the Received 18 September 2018 at the surface. Therefore, we suggest that the Ms 6.5 Pishan earthquake was Tibetan Plateau, are not currently well understood. A thorough study of the Revision received 14 December 2018 a folding event. The Pishan earthquake only ruptured part of the Pishan an- Ms 6.5 Pishan event will allow us to understand the tectonic deformation and Accepted 14 March 2019 ticline, and the main locked part between the Tekilik fault and the Pishan seismotectonic model in this region. anticline did not rupture. This area of the western Kunlun range front may In this paper, we first report the surface deformation caused by the Pishan Published online 17 April 2019 have significant seismic risk. earthquake based on our field investigations. We then utilize geologic data, seismic reflection profiles and earthquake relocation results to study the seis- mogenic structure of the Pishan earthquake and the deformation characteristics ■ INTRODUCTION of the Pishan blind thrust fold. Finally, we discuss the tectonic deformation along the western Kunlun range front and the seismic risk in this region. Folding earthquakes, which were observed in detail in the 1983 Coalinga earthquake, in Coalinga, California, USA (Stein and King, 1984), are a general type of rupture along foreland thrust systems. Although folding earthquakes ■ ACTIVE TECTONIC SETTING OF THE WESTERN KUNLUN RANGE are generally characterized by surface uplift and layer folding (Stein and Yeats, 1989; Yeats et al., 1997) without obvious surface fault offset, they also can The western Kunlun orogenic belt is located on the northwestern margin of cause destruction. Over the past several decades, this kind of hazard has been the Tibetan Plateau (Fig. 1). In response to the Cenozoic India-Eurasia collision, exemplified by the 1906M s 7.7 Manasi earthquake (Ms represents Richter the western Kunlun Range was uplifted rapidly, and the overthrusting of Paleo- magnitude scale) in the northern piedmont of the Chinese Tian Shan (Zhang zoic bedrock onto Cenozoic strata can be widely observed along the range-front et al., 1994), the 1985 Ms 7.1 Wuqia earthquake, in Xinjiang, China, along the Tekilik fault (Cowgill, 2001; Yin et al., 2002). The crustal thickness in this area Pamir front (Feng, 1997), and the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake in the Long- can reach ~70 km (Negredo et al., 2007; Tseng et al., 2009), and the Cenozoic men mountain piedmont, in Sichuan, China (Xu et al., 2013). sediments in the foreland basin are more than 12 km thick (Matte et al., 1996). The 2015 Ms 6.5 Pishan earthquake, which occurred in the western Kunlun The strong uplift landforms, thick Cenozoic deposits in the foreland basin, and Range piedmont (Fig. 1), caused significant casualties and property losses. widespread active faults (Fig. 1) all attest to the intensive tectonic deformation Previous studies (e.g., Li et al., 2016; Lu et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2016) have in this region (Sobel and Dumitru, 1997; Zheng et al., 2000; Chen et al., 2011). explored the seismogenic structure and rupture mechanism of this earthquake. Several strike-slip faults are present within the western Kunlun Range Based on the statistical results of seismic data, an earthquake with a magnitude (Fig. 1), which accommodate the different horizontal displacements of the This paper is published under the terms of the greater than 6.5 can generate an obvious surface rupture zone (Yeats et al., tectonic blocks. The Karakoram fault, which is 510 km long and has an aver- CC-BY-NC license. 1997). However, surface deformation of this event has not been reported. We age slip rate of 6.9–10.8 mm/yr (Robinson, 2009), is a large dextral strike-slip © 2019 The Authors GEOSPHERE | Volume 15 | Number 3 Wu et al. | Pishan earthquake Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article-pdf/15/3/935/4708512/935.pdf 935 by guest on 25 September 2021 Research Paper 76° 78° 80° 82° A 70° 80° 90° 100° B N ▲ Tian Shan 40° Fig. 1B ian Shan Tagh fault T Altyn ▲KaKalppin Karakoram fault Tibetan Plateau ▲ 30° 40° 40° ▲ India ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ Artux ▲ Kashgar ▲ Tarim Basin 75˚ 76˚ 77˚ 78˚ 79˚ 80˚ 81˚ 39˚ M Z F ▲ ▲ 38° Fig. 2 ↓ 38˚ 38° Yecheng ▲T K F ▲Pishan Moyu ▲Fig. 3 ↓ ▲ Hotan Luopu YHTF ▲ CeC le 37˚ K K F Western Kunlun range ▲ ▲ K X F 36° 36˚ 36° 0 50 100km 76° 78° 80° 82° Focal mechanism Focal mechanism Ms = 4.0 - 4.9 Thrust Strike slip Normal Seismic solution of the Pishan solution of the Ms = 3.0 - 3.9 ▲ Ms = 2.0 - 2.9 fault fault fault station Ms 6.5 earthquake other earthquakes Ms = 1.0 - 1.9 Figure 1. Topographic relief map and distribution of major active faults in the western Kunlun and the adjacent region of China. The focal mechanism solutions of earthquakes with magnitudes greater than Ms 5 and the spatial distribution of the aftershocks of the Ms 6.5 Pishan earthquake are all shown in section B. Sixteen focal mechanism solutions (data from the U.S. Geological Survey, https://earthquake.usgs.gov /earthquakes/) of recent events with magnitudes greater than Ms 5 are shown with blue. KKF—Karakoram fault; TKF—Taxkorgan normal fault system; KXF—Kangxiwar fault; YHTF—Yech- eng-Hotan thrust fault-fold zone; MZF—Mazhatagh thrust fault-fold. Ms represents Richter magnitude scale. GEOSPHERE | Volume 15 | Number 3 Wu et al. | Pishan earthquake Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article-pdf/15/3/935/4708512/935.pdf 936 by guest on 25 September 2021 Research Paper fault that has accommodated ~300 km of northward translation of the Pamir considered to be the frontal active belt of the western Kunlun nappe structure (Hamburger et al., 1992; Burtman and Molnar, 1993; Robinson et al., 2007; (Pan et al., 2010). The active foreland folds mainly formed during the Quaternary Strecker et al., 1995). The Kangxiwar fault is a large crustal-scale sinistral (Chen et al., 2001; Liu et al., 2004; Si et al., 2007) and are the main structures strike-slip fault (Tapponnier and Molnar, 1977; Peltzer et al., 1989; Fu et al., accommodating the N-S crustal shortening deformation. The total crustal 2006) that represents part of the northwestern boundary of the Tibetan Pla- shortening calculated based on a balanced section is 24.6–54 km (Jiang et al., teau. The sinistral slip rate determined by geological (e.g., Fu et al., 2006; Li 2013), and the crustal shortening rate in this region determined by GPS data et al., 2008) and geodetic (e.g., Shen et al., 2001; Wright et al., 2004; Elliott et is ~2 mm/yr (Shen et al., 2001; Li et al., 2016). al., 2008) methods is ~10 mm/yr. The Taxkorgan fault is an extensional dextral fault system (Brunel et al., 1994; Robinson et al., 2004; Cowgill, 2010; Zubovich et al., 2010) that is composed of several secondary faults (Li et al., 2011). The ■ TECTONIC DEFORMATION FEATURES OF THE PISHAN ANTICLINE rate of extension of this fault decreases gradually from north to south (Rob- inson et al., 2007; Li, 2013). A petroleum industry seismic profile (Fig. 3; Liang et al., 2012) shows two- Several rows of folds and thrust faults have developed along the western fold belts between the range front and Pishan city.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chemical Evolution of Nb-Ta Oxides and Cassiterite in Phosphorus-Rich
    minerals Article Chemical Evolution of Nb-Ta Oxides and Cassiterite in Phosphorus-Rich Albite-Spodumene Pegmatites in the Kangxiwa–Dahongliutan Pegmatite Field, Western Kunlun Orogen, China Yonggang Feng 1,2,* , Ting Liang 1,2,*, Xiuqing Yang 1,2, Ze Zhang 1,2 and Yiqian Wang 1,2 1 School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (Y.W.) 2 Laboratory of Mineralization and Dynamics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.F.); [email protected] (T.L.) Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 2 March 2019; Published: 8 March 2019 Abstract: The Kangxiwa–Dahongliutan pegmatite field in the Western Kunlun Orogen, China contains numerous granitic pegmatites around a large granitic pluton (the Dahongliutan Granite with an age of ca. 220 to 217 Ma), mainly including barren garnet-, tourmaline-bearing pegmatites, Be-rich beryl-muscovite pegmatites, and Li-, P-rich albite-spodumene pegmatites. The textures, major element contents, and trace element concentrations of columbite-group minerals (CGM) and cassiterite from three albite-spodumene pegmatites in the region were investigated using a combination of optical microscopy, SEM, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS. The CGM can be broadly classified into four types: (1) inclusions in cassiterite; (2) euhedral to subhedral crystals (commonly exhibiting oscillatory and/or sector zoning and coexisting with magmatic cassiterite); (3) anhedral aggregates; (4) tantalite-(Fe)-ferrowodginite (FeSnTa2O8) intergrowths. The compositional variations of CGM and cassiterite are investigated on the mineral scale, in individual pegmatites and within the pegmatite group.
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Seismic and Cumulative Offsets of the Recent Earthquakes Along The
    Co-seismic and cumulative offsets of the recent earthquakes along the Karakax left-lateral strike-slip fault in western Tibet Haibing Li, Jerome van der Woerd, Zhiming Sun, Jialiang Si, Paul Tapponnier, Jiawei Pan, Dongliang Liu, Marie-Luce Chevalier To cite this version: Haibing Li, Jerome van der Woerd, Zhiming Sun, Jialiang Si, Paul Tapponnier, et al.. Co-seismic and cumulative offsets of the recent earthquakes along the Karakax left-lateral strike-slip fault inwestern Tibet. Gondwana Research, Elsevier, 2011, 21, pp.64-87. 10.1016/j.gr.2011.07.025. hal-00683742 HAL Id: hal-00683742 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00683742 Submitted on 29 Mar 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Co-seismic and cumulative offsets of the recent earthquakes along the Karakax left-lateral strike-slip fault in western Tibet Haibing Li a,b,*, Jérôme Van der Woerd c, Zhiming Sun d, Jialiang Si a,b, Paul Tapponniere,f, Jiawei Pan a,b, Dongliang Liu a,b, Marie-Luce Chevaliera,b a State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonic and Dynamics b Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, P.R.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2015 Ms 6.5 Pishan Earthquake, Northwest Tibetan Plateau: a Folding Event in the Western Kunlun Piedmont
    Research Paper GEOSPHERE The 2015 Ms 6.5 Pishan earthquake, Northwest Tibetan Plateau: A folding event in the western Kunlun piedmont 1,2 2 2 2 2 2 2 GEOSPHERE, v. 15, no. 3 Chuanyong Wu , Jianming Liu , Jin Li , Weihua Hu , Guodong Wu , Xiangde Chang , and Yuan Yao 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China 2Earthquake Agency of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02063.1 7 figures; 2 tables ■ ABSTRACT investigate whether the Pishan earthquake generated a surface fault and what the deformation characteristics of this event are. The surface rupture caused CORRESPONDENCE: [email protected] Folding earthquakes are a popular area of research in convergent orogenic by an earthquake can provide a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of belts because they can cause destruction without an obvious surface offset. coseismic faulting on landscape evolution and to refine regional deformation CITATION: Wu, C.Y., Liu, J.M., Li, J., Hu, W.H., Wu, G.D., Chang, X.D., and Yao, Y., The 2015 Ms 6.5 Pishan The Ms 6.5 Pishan earthquake (Ms represents Richter magnitude scale), which models (Wallace, 1977; Yeats et al., 1997; Bull, 2009). The tectonic deformation earthquake, Northwest Tibetan Plateau: A folding event occurred in the western Kunlun piedmont, Northwest Tibetan Plateau, caused and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau have been popular areas of research. Two in the western Kunlun piedmont: Geosphere, v. 15, no. 3, significant property losses. Based on surface deformation data combined main models of upper crustal shortening and faulting (e.g., Tapponnier et al., p.
    [Show full text]
  • CD De La Semaine 27
    Semaine 27– 9 juillet 2021 CD de la Semaine 27 JC & Dom Ein Schweizer kämpft für Julian Assange - Nils Melzer wehrt sich gegen westliche Justizwillkür (NZZ) Kompromisse sind nicht seine Sache (NZZ) « Der Schweizer Jurist Nils Melzer, der Uno-Experte für Folter, geht vor allem gegen westliche Staaten vor: «Jeder weiss, dass Schweden und Grossbritannien Assange wegen seiner Wikileaks- Tätigkeit verfolgen und nicht wegen irgendwelcher Sexualdelikte.» Nils Melzer (Uno-Sonderberichterstatter für Folter) » Le juriste suisse Nils Melzer défend Julian Assange, l’homme des Wikileaks contre l’arbitraire judi- ciaire occidental qui n’a rien à envier à l’arbitraire syrien ou iranien, c’est écrit dans les articles. Afin de le maintenir éternellement dans sa prison à l’isolement de Londres dans laquelle il est torturé psychiquement, ils inventent toutes sortes d’histoires avec fausses preuves. La journaliste Katharina Fontana ne mâche pas ses mots. Tout le monde sait qu’on lui reproche d’avoir dit la vérité et qu’il faut le maltraiter suffisamment pour qu’il ne puisse plus dire la vérité et que ça serve d’exemple pour ceux qui voudraient faire pareil derrière lui. Julian Assange ist ein wenig glaubwürdiges Opfer einer grossen Verschwörung (NZZ) « Die Autorin ist Direktorin der Abteilung Strafrecht am Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht in Freiburg im Breisgau sowie Professorin an der Humboldt-Universität Berlin. » Madame la professeure est payée pour enfoncer Julian Assange et Nils Melzer. Donc c’est intéressant de lui donner la parole pour voir comment elle s’y prend. Pour la réfuter, il faut toujours paraphraser Saint-Paul : la loi est l’aiguillon du péché.
    [Show full text]
  • Age and Origin of High Ba–Sr Appinite–Granites at the Northwestern
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Gondwana Research 13 (2008) 126–138 www.elsevier.com/locate/gr Age and origin of high Ba–Sr appinite–granites at the northwestern margin of the Tibet Plateau: Implications for early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Western Kunlun orogenic belt ⁎ Hai-Min Ye a, Xian-Hua Li b, Zheng-Xiang Li c, Chuan-Lin Zhang a, a Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China b Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China c Institute of Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia Received 10 May 2007; received in revised form 3 August 2007; accepted 5 August 2007 Available online 7 September 2007 Abstract The Buya appinite–granite is a typical high Ba–Sr granite emplaced at the northern West Kunlun orogenic belt along the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The granite is dated at ca. 430 Ma using the SHRIMP U–Pb zircon method. It consists of alkaline feldspar granites with coeval appinite enclaves. The granite possesses high SiO2 (69.77–72.69%), K2O (4.44–5.10%) and total alkalinity (K2O+Na2O=8.80–9.92%), Sr (655–1100 ppm), Ba (1036–1433 ppm) and LREE, and low HREE and HFSE contents and insignificant negative Eu anomalies. Consequently, # the samples have very high Sr/Y (74–141) and (La/Yb)N (37–96) ratios. On the other hand, they have low MgO (or Mg ), Cr and Ni contents and low radiogenic Nd isotopes (ɛNd(T)=−8.4 to −10.4).
    [Show full text]
  • 493-495 Baiping.P65
    Synopsis Sustainably Managing Montane Forests in Arid Mountain Regions: The Oytag Valley of West Kunlun The Oytag valley, about 100 km west of Kashi (Kashgar), is one of the few valleys with forests in the Kunlun Mountains. It underwent severe forest destruction in the late 1950s, and about only one fourth of the natural forest remains. Since the early 1980s, forest conservation and artificial regeneration have been carried out in the valley. In arid mountain regions, forests only de- such as stabilizing highland/lowland hy- velop on slopes with a relatively humid drological system, reducing natural disas- climate, and usually a limited area. To the ters, ensuring oases development down- local people, these forests are rare re- stream, etc. Consequently, sustainably sources and of special value. The ecology managing these mountain forests looms of these forests is often very fragile. It is especially large in northwestern arid very difficult or even impossible for these China. forests to recover if they are seriously de- The Kunlun Mountain range, lies be- stroyed. As a result, sustainably manag- tween the world famous Tibetan Plateau ing these forests is important for the lo- and the low-lying Tarim Basin, and is one cal and downstream people and environ- of the most extensive extremely high and ment. In the vast northwestern arid China, arid mountain ranges in the world. It is desert landscape dominates, and extensive characterized by an arid climate and desert arid mountain areas (e.g. the Kunlun, landscape (1). The annual rainfall is 61.3 Tianshan, Qilian, etc.) and deserts (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • समाचार प से च यत अंश Newspapers Clippings
    Dec 2020 समाचार प से चयत अशं Newspapers Clippings A Daily service to keep DRDO Fraternity abreast with DRDO Technologies, Defence Technologies, Defence Policies, International Relations and Science & Technology खंड : 45 अंक : 290 19-21 दसंबर 2020 Vol.: 45 Issue : 290 19-21 December 2020 ररा ववानान प ुपतकालयु तकालय DefenceDefence Science Science Library Library रार वैा वैानाकन कस चूसनूचान ाए एवव ं ं लेखनलेखन कक DefenceDefence Scientific Scientific Information Information & & Documentation Documentation Centre Centre , 110 054 मेटकॉफ हाउसहाउस, ददलल - - 110 054 MetcalfeMetcalfe House, House, Delhi Delhi - -110 110 054 054 CONTENTS S. No. TITLE Page No. DRDO News 1-22 DRDO Technology News 1-22 1. Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh hands over DRDO systems to Armed Forces 1 Chiefs 2. रा मंी ी राजनाथ सहं ने सश बल के मुख को डीआरडीओ क णालयां सपी 2 3. 4 .ఆ..ఓ. వవసలను ాయధ దల అపతలక అందజిన - రణ ాఖ మం ా ిం 4. Inauguration of Hypersonic Wind Tunnel at DRDO Hyderabad 6 5. डीआरडीओ हैदराबाद म हाइपरसोनक वडं टनल का उघाटन 7 6. Rajnath Singh hands over three important DRDO developed systems to Army, 9 Navy and Air Force 7. DRDO can play significant role in making India superpower: Defence Minister 10 Rajnath Singh 8. सीडीएस रावत बोले- भवय म जंग होने पर हम वदेशी हथयार से चटाएंगे दु मन को धलू 11 9. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh felicitates eminent scientists at DRDO award 12 function 10.
    [Show full text]
  • (G219), Kashgar - Ali © Stephan Rankl, 2006
    Westtibet-Highway (G219), Kashgar - Ali © Stephan Rankl, 2006 Hinweise: Kilometer: Gesamt steht für die Gesamtentfernung, Tag für die unsere Tagesleistung (bin da ganz egoistisch ;-), mit Relativ sind die Abstände den Angaben gemeint. Tagesleistung: Darunter ist immer unsere Fahrzeit in Stunden, sowie die Durchschnittsgeschwindigkeit in km/h angegeben. Wasser: Soll für euch eine Hilfestellung sein, wo es Wasser gibt und wie es zwischen den Städten aussieht. Durchgängig blau bedeutet keine Probleme. GPS: GPS-Koordinaten eigene Messung - Angaben ohne Gewähr (Datum: WGS 84 Positionsformat: Dezimal). In den Städten hab ich die Messung meist beim Hotel gemacht, also wer hier den Koordinaten folgt wird eine schöne Bleibe für die Nacht finden ... ;-) Sicher werdet ihr euch fragen, in wieweit unsere Camps von Interesse sind, aber dort gibt es meist Wasser in der Nähe! Höhe: Von mir selbst mit GPS ermittelt, in der Regel gute Genauigkeit, hin und wieder Messung mit Barometer (gekennzeichnet ). Kilometer Beschreibung Hotel Verpflegung Wasser GPS-Koord. Höhe Kommentar Gesamt Tag Relativ Kashgar ok Rest. / Shop N 39,47057° 1304 m Alles was das Herz begehrt! E 75,96719° Radler-Treffpunkt: Seman-Hotel. Alles nötige hier besorgen, insbesondere Snacks (Schoki), Müsli und Grundsätzliches (Zucker, Tee, Kaffee) 0 0 0 Start An der großen Kreuzung wo es von Westen kommend, gerade zur Mao-Statue gehen würde und links zur Moschee, Asphalt hier nach rechts radeln. Ab in den Süden, westlich am People's Park vorbei. Auf der Straße (Highway 315) bleiben, nicht von Schildern verwirren lassen. 50 50 Ort Shop viele Läden und Straßenstände, ab jetzt Oasenhopping 70 20 Yingsar Rest. / Shop großer Messerbazaar, Wasser nachfüllen! kurz nach Yingsar ein Stausee 94 94 24 Camp N 38,75761° 1420 m Camp in der Wüste, kein Wasser F=5,40h 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Organic-Inorganic Geochemical Characteristics of the Upper
    Hindawi Geofluids Volume 2021, Article ID 6651747, 26 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6651747 Research Article Organic-Inorganic Geochemical Characteristics of the Upper Permian Pusige Formation in a High-Saline Lake Basin, Tarim Basin: Implications for Provenance, Paleoenvironments, and Organic Matter Enrichment Jingbin Wang ,1,2,3 Zhiliang He ,1,2,4 Dongya Zhu ,2,3 Zhiqian Gao,1 Xiaowei Huang,1,2,3 and Quanyou Liu2,3 1China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China 2State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, China 3Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China 4Department of Science and Technology, SINOPEC, Beijing 100728, China Correspondence should be addressed to Jingbin Wang; [email protected] Received 6 January 2021; Revised 27 February 2021; Accepted 3 March 2021; Published 7 April 2021 Academic Editor: Kun Zhang Copyright © 2021 Jingbin Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The third member (M3) of the Upper Permian Pusige Formation is a prominent organic-rich lacustrine mudstone sequence within the Yecheng-Hetian Sag, Tarim Basin, hosting major petroleum resources. However, its depositional history and organic matter (OM) enrichment mechanism have received little attention. Therefore, various organic and inorganic geochemical analyses were performed on thirty-four core samples from the Well DW1, to elucidate their depositional paleoenvironments, provenance, and tectonic setting, as well as the controlling factors of OM enrichment. Results showed that the M3 mudstones are classified as poor- to fair-quality hydrocarbon source rocks with mature type II-III kerogen, considering their low organic geochemical parameters.
    [Show full text]
  • Xiao Et Al..Fm
    International Geology Review, Vol. 45, 2003, p. 303¡ª¡-328. Copyright © 2003 by V. H. Winston & Son, Inc. All rights reserved. Multiple Accretionary Orogenesis and Episodic Growth of Continents: Insights from the Western Kunlun Range, Central Asia WENJIAO XIAO,1 Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 9825, Beijing 100029, China FANGLIN HAN, Shaanxi Institute of Geology Survey, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China BRIAN F. WINDLEY, Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom CHAO YUAN, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China HUI ZHOU, Bureau of Science and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China AND JILIANG LI Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 9825, Beijing 100029, China Abstract The Western Kunlun Range in northwestern Tibet records a history of enlargement of the Central Asian crust. In the Early Ordovician a south-dipping intra-oceanic subduction-accretion complex was accreted to the Tarim block, forming an Andean-type margin in the Late Ordovician. This mar- gin grew southward (present-day coordinates) in the Early Silurian, with an accretionary complex on its southern side against which the Kudi gneiss-schist complex was attached. Clastic sediments continued to infill forearc/intra-arc basins on the top of the arc-accretionary complexes during Devo- nian–Carboniferous time. In the Early to Mid-Carboniferous, tectonic and magmatic quiescence is indicated by an absence of volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Kudi area, whereas subduction was still active in the western part of the range in the Gaz area near the present-day Pamir syntaxis.
    [Show full text]
  • Features of Permafrost in the West Kunlun Mountains
    BulletinofGlacierResearch7（1989）161－167 J（；J ⑥DataCenterforGlacierResearch，JapaneseSocictyofSnowandIce FeaturesofpermafrostintheWestKunlun Mountains u Shude and HEYixian LanzhouInstituteofGlacioIogyandGeocryology，AcademiaSinica，Lanzhou，China くReceivedDecember5，1988；R即isedmantlSCriptreceivedJaTluary23，1989） Abstract Permafro或isdistriblユted bo軌aiorlgtbe Xinjiang▼Ⅹizaロg Higbway and wide areasl〕etWeen TianshuihaiandKeriyaPass，Thelowerlimitofscatteredpermafrostisataround4300m aLS・1・ Thicknessofpermafrostvariesgreatly，fromlessthan5matthelowerlimittoaroundlOOmat Tianshuihai．MeanannualgroundtcmperaturerangesfromO・00CtoM3・2OC・Alongthesteepshoreof TianshuihaiLake，grOundiceincludingsma11icewedgeshavebeenobserved・Theverticalrange withinwhichtheperiglacialprocessesoccurisaround3000m‥from3800mtomorethan6000m▲ Almostalltypesofperiglaciallarldformsaredistributedinpermafrostareas・ 1．lntroduction featl汀eS：irlterlSivewindactionsirlCOidclimateoccl汀 SubseqⅥently，Wide pediment and diluvialねn were Thispaperdescribesthemainfeaturesofperma・ formed at the feet of theinteI㌧mOntane basins．The frostintheWestKunlunMountains，Withagreatdeal ridgesareusuallycoveredwithPrcpcambriancrystal・ OfdataobtainedintheSinoLJapanesejoirltCOmpre・ linerocksandgraniteandHercyniangranite（Yanget hensiveinvestigations carried outin1985and1987． αg．，1983）． BeforetbeseirlVeStigatiorlS，O111ybriefdescriptio‡lSOn BecatlSe Of tbeiocation of thel好est Ktlnlun 鱒rmafrostandperiglacialphenomenaintわisregion Mountains，也eprecipitationintbisreglOnismuchless Weregiveningeomorphologicalbooks（Geomorpho－
    [Show full text]
  • Application of High-Resolution Remote Sensing Technology for the Iron Ore
    2021 | 74/1 | 57–72 | 11 Figs. | 7 Tabs. | 2 Pls. | www.geologia-croatica.hr Journal of the Croatian Geological Survey and the Croatian Geological Society Application of high-resolution remote sensing technology for the iron ore deposits of the West Kunlun Mountains in China Yuhai Fan1,2,3,*, Hui Wang1,*, Xingke Yang3, Guofeng Zhang4, Zhaoyang Li1, Furong Tan1, Shaopeng Zhang1,2 and Wenbo Wang1 1 Geological Exploration Institute of Aerial Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Bureau, Xi’an,710199 China; (*corresponding author: [email protected] / [email protected]) 2 Yulin University, School of Management, Yulin, 719000 China 3 Chang’an University, School of Earth Science and Land and Resources, Xi’an, 710054 China 4 Inner Mongolia Mining Exploitation CO.LTD, Hohhot, 010051 China doi: 10.4154/gc.2021.03 Abstract Article history: This study focuses on the iron ore of Taxkorgan and Heiqia in the West Kunlun mountains as a Manuscript received May 09, 2019 case study, for the application of WorldView−2 and IKONOS remote sensing images as major Revised manuscript accepted February 03, 2021 data sources in the fabrication of a standard image map and in the adoption of image enhance- Available online February 28, 2021 ment methods to extract information on the ore-controlling factors and mineralization, to interpret remote sensing for the mineral resources in these areas. ASTER, WorldView−2, and IKONOS data were applied for the extraction of alteration anomaly information. With an appropriate amount of field sampling and verification tests, this was used to establish a remote sensing ge- ology prospecting model, that would provide the basis for future remote sensing of metalloge nic belts in West Kunlun in the hope of discovering similar minerals.
    [Show full text]