DOCSLIB.ORG

FAU Institutional Repository

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FAU Institutional Repository FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: ©1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This manuscript is an author version with the final publication available at http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/ and may be cited as: Lellis, W. A. (1992). A standard reference diet for crustacean nutrition research. VI. Response of postlarval stages of the Caribbean king crab Mithrax spinosissimus and the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 23(1), 1-7. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1992.tb00744.x JOURNAL OF THE Vol. 23, No.1 WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY March,1992 A Standard Reference Diet for Crustacean Nutrition Research VI. Response of Postlarval Stages of the Caribbean King Crab Mithrax spinosissimus and the Spiny Lobster Panulirus argus ,I WILLIAM A. LELLIS Division ofApplied Biology, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution Inc., 5600 Old Dixie Highway, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946 USA Abstract Two experiments were condncted to determine if two proposed crustacean reference diets, BML­ 81S or HFX CRD-84, could serve as nutritional standards for early postlarval stages ofthe Caribbean king crab Mithrax spinosissimus or the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. In the first study, after an eight week trial period, survival of postlarval crabs (initial mean weight = 20 mg) was higher (P < 0.05) for crabs fed a control diet of commercial larval fish feed (66.7%) or BML-81S (45.8%) than for crabs fed HFX CRD-84 (16.7%). Final mean weight was also greater (P < 0.05) for crabs consuming the fry feed than for crabs fed BML-81S or HFX CRD-84 (710 vs. 460 and 340 mg, respectively). In the second study, after a ten week trial period, survival of second stage postlarval spiny lobsters (initial mean weight = 0.20 g) was greater (P < 0.05) for animals fed live adult Artemia (93.3%) than for lobsters fed HFX CRD-84 (26.7%) or BML-81S (0%). Lobsters offered the casein-based BML-81S did not consume the feed and died within 25 days. Results suggest that BML-81S may be an acceptable reference diet for Mithrax spinoslssimus, but that neither BML­ 81S nor HFX CRD-84 is adequate for the early postlarval stages of Panulirus argus. The Caribbean king crab Mithrax spi­ cost-effective diets based upon a complete nosissimus and the spiny lobster Panulirus understanding of the animals' nutritional argus are two tropical marine crustaceans requirements at different life stages. One currently being evaluated for mariculture method to measure progress during diet de­ potential in the Caribbean Basin. The Ca­ velopment is to compare performance of ribbean king crab is a slow-moving omni­ animals fed a test diet with that of animals vore, particularly well suited for grazing on fed a control diet ofdefined chemical com­ fine macroalgae (Bohnsack 1976). The crab position. The purpose of this study was to can complete its short, five-to-seven-day determine if either of two proposed stan­ larval phase without an external food supply dard crustacean reference diets developed (Provenzano and Brownell 1977), and after for H omarus americanus, BML-81 S or HFX molting to first crab will immediately feed CRD-84 (Castell et al. 1989) can be used as on a variety of live and commercially pre­ nutritional standards during diet develop­ pared foods (Brownell et al. 1977; Bolton ment for the early postlarval stages ofMith­ 1987). Spiny lobsters have a longer and more rax spinosissimus or Panulirus argus. complex larval stage, and cultivation through this phase is not yet possible. How­ Materials and Methods • ever, early stage postlarvae have been readi­ ly collected from the wild and subsequently Culture System cultured to maturity using combinations of All experiments were conducted within a various amphipods, gastropods, bivalves 65,000 L closed seawater system main­ and fish as feed (Witham 1973; Serfting and tained by the Division of Applied Biology Ford 1975; Chittleborough 1976). at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institu­ Future commercial-scale culture ofcrabs tion Inc. (HBOI), Fort Pierce, Aorida, USA. and lobsters will require development of The culture system is housed within 2,700 © Copyright by the World Aquaculture Society 1992 2 LELLIS square feet ofcovered greenhouse and con­ USA, and their eggs subsequently hatched tains nine 1,800 L circular fiberglass culture at HBOI research facilities in Fort Pierce. tanks. Each culture tank is connected to a Resulting postlarvae were communally separate 750 L primary filtration unit con­ housed and fed a diet of filamentous algae taining a polyester fiber filter, an aragonite and flaked tropical fish food for 30 days, at gravel bed and a 30 watt ultraviolet steril­ which time all remaining crabs were mea­ izer. A small electric pump circulates the sured and divided into groups separated to \ . waterfrom the gravel bed to the culture tank the nearest 1.0 mm carapace length (CL). A at a rate of 15 L/min. Temperature of the total of 144 crabs were selected from the 3 culture water is regulated by means of a mm CL size group (approximate mean wet thermostatically controlled polypropylene weight = 20 mg) and divided into 24 groups heat exchanger located within the gravel bed. of six crabs each. Each group of six crabs Each ofthe nine primary biofilters receives was housed within a 20.5 em diameter ring, a constant exchange of water (2.5 L/min) and all 24 rings were floated on four rafts from a central 40,000 L secondary filtration within the same culture tank. The rings were and reservoir system which contains a series filled with shredded black plastic netting to of fine particulate, carbon and macroalgal provide the crabs with shelter, then ran­ filters. The original system was designed and domly assigned to one of six dietary treat­ constructed by Robert A. Winfree (personal ments (producing four replicates per diet). communication). Water in the system is The six diets tested included two purified supplied from the Indian River lagoon at crustacean diets BML-81Sand HFX CRD­ times when salinity is at or near levels found 84 developed for Homarus americanus in ocean water (35 ppt). (Castell et al. 1989), a semipurified experi­ Within each culture tank, small crusta­ mental crustacean diet HFX EXD-l (Cas­ ceans are individually or communally tell and Kean 1986) and three commercially housed within rings constructed from 10.2 available diets manufactured for feeding em high sections ofpolyvinylchloride (PVC) larval fish (Fry Feed C, Biokyowa Inc., Cape pipe which have a 500 /lm screen attached Girardeau, Missouri, USA), postlarval to the bottom. The amount of space avail­ shrimp (Feed 38-469, Zeigler Bros. Inc., able to each animal (or group) can be ad­ Gardners, Pennsylvania, USA) and guinea justed by using a different diameter PVC pigs (Guinea Pig Pellets, Hartz Mountain pipe to construct the ring. Rings are sup­ Corp., Harrison, New Jersey, USA). The ported in the upper 6 em of the water col­ purified diet BML-81S utilized vitamin-free umn by means ofa pentagonal-shaped float­ casein as the major protein source, whereas ing raft. Four rafts per tank are strapped HFX CRD-84 was based upon a freeze-dried together to form a free-moving circle around concentrate of solvent-extracted deboned a center standpipe, and are rotated beneath crab meal (Castell et al. 1989). The semi­ a stationary overhead sprinkler barby means purified HFX EXD-l diet was similar in oftwo airlifts secured to the inside walls of composition to HFX CRD-84, but con­ the fiberglass tanks. Animals receive clean tained a freeze-dried meal made from de­ recirculated seawater from the sprinkler at shelled cooked crab as the major protein a rate sufficient to exchange the volume of component. Ingredient labels from both the • the rings approximately seven times each larval fish feed and the shrimp diet listed hour. fishmeal as the major dietary component, whereas guinea pig pellets were primarily ( composed of alfalfa, soybean meal and Mithrax Study wheat. Ovigerous female Mithrax spinosissimus Diets were ground, sifted to a 1.0 mm were collected off Sugarloaf Key, Florida, particle size and stored frozen. Crabs were CSRD VI: EFFECTS ON MITHRAX CRABS AND SPINY LOBSTERS 3 fed to excess twice daily (0900 hand 1700 A total of75 individually housed lobsters h) seven days per week. Uneaten food and (initial mean weight 0.20 ± 0.04 g, 6.4 ± other waste material was removed by si­ 0.4 mm CL) were floated on four rafts with­ phoning each ring prior to the 0900 h feed­ in the same culture tank, and each lobster ing. Water temperature was recorded twice was randomly allotted to one offive dietary daily and maintained at 27.0 ± 0.5 C. Sa­ treatments (producing 15 replicates per diet). linity was measured weekly using a refrac­ Randomization was accomplished by draw­ tometer (Aquafauna Biomarine Inc., Haw­ ing an identification numberassigned to each thorne, California, USA) and averaged 34.5 lobster from one bucket and matching it ± 0.5 ppt. Dissolved oxygen levels within with a diet identification number drawn the rings remained at near saturation levels from a second bucket. Diets included live due to surface agitation ofwater falling from adult Artemia, BML-8lS, HFX CRD-84, the overhead sprinkler bar (oxygen mea­ HFX EXD-l and the same postlarval sured periodically with a YSI Model 58 ox­ shrimp feed used in the crab study. For­ ygen meter, Yellow Springs Instrument Co., mulated feeds were ground, sifted to a par­ Yellow Springs, Ohio, USA). The pH ofthe ticle size of 2 mm and stored frozen. Arte­ water in the system was determined bi­ mia were cultured on a diet of yeast and weekly with an Orion digital pH meter Spirulina.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lobsters-Identification, World Distribution, and U.S. Trade
    Lobsters-Identification, World Distribution, and U.S. Trade AUSTIN B. WILLIAMS Introduction tons to pounds to conform with US. tinents and islands, shoal platforms, and fishery statistics). This total includes certain seamounts (Fig. 1 and 2). More­ Lobsters are valued throughout the clawed lobsters, spiny and flat lobsters, over, the world distribution of these world as prime seafood items wherever and squat lobsters or langostinos (Tables animals can also be divided rougWy into they are caught, sold, or consumed. 1 and 2). temperate, subtropical, and tropical Basically, three kinds are marketed for Fisheries for these animals are de­ temperature zones. From such partition­ food, the clawed lobsters (superfamily cidedly concentrated in certain areas of ing, the following facts regarding lob­ Nephropoidea), the squat lobsters the world because of species distribu­ ster fisheries emerge. (family Galatheidae), and the spiny or tion, and this can be recognized by Clawed lobster fisheries (superfamily nonclawed lobsters (superfamily noting regional and species catches. The Nephropoidea) are concentrated in the Palinuroidea) . Food and Agriculture Organization of temperate North Atlantic region, al­ The US. market in clawed lobsters is the United Nations (FAO) has divided though there is minor fishing for them dominated by whole living American the world into 27 major fishing areas for in cooler waters at the edge of the con­ lobsters, Homarus americanus, caught the purpose of reporting fishery statis­ tinental platform in the Gul f of Mexico, off the northeastern United States and tics. Nineteen of these are marine fish­ Caribbean Sea (Roe, 1966), western southeastern Canada, but certain ing areas, but lobster distribution is South Atlantic along the coast of Brazil, smaller species of clawed lobsters from restricted to only 14 of them, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Affecting Growth of the Spiny Lobsters Panulirus Gracilis and Panulirus Inflatus (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Guerrero, México
    Rev. Biol. Trop. 51(1): 165-174, 2003 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu Factors affecting growth of the spiny lobsters Panulirus gracilis and Panulirus inflatus (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Guerrero, México Patricia Briones-Fourzán and Enrique Lozano-Álvarez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Puerto Morelos. P. O. Box 1152, Cancún, Q. R. 77500 México. Fax: +52 (998) 871-0138; [email protected] Received 00-XX-2002. Corrected 00-XX-2002. Accepted 00-XX-2002. Abstract: The effects of sex, injuries, season and site on the growth of the spiny lobsters Panulirus gracilis, and P. inflatus, were studied through mark-recapture techniques in two sites with different ecological characteristics on the coast of Guerrero, México. Panulirus gracilis occurred in both sites, whereas P. inflatus occurred only in one site. All recaptured individuals were adults. Both species had similar intermolt periods, but P. gracilis had significantly higher growth rates (mm carapace length week-1) than P. inflatus as a result of a larger molt incre- ment. Growth rates of males were higher than those of females in both species owing to larger molt increments and shorter intermolt periods in males. Injuries had no effect on growth rates in either species. Individuals of P. gracilis grew faster in site 1 than in site 2. Therefore, the effect of season on growth of P. gracilis was analyzed separately in each site. In site 2, growth rates of P. gracilis were similar in summer and in winter, whereas in site 1 both species had higher growth rates in winter than in summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Decapod Crustacean Grooming: Functional Morphology, Adaptive Value, and Phylogenetic Significance
    Decapod crustacean grooming: Functional morphology, adaptive value, and phylogenetic significance N RAYMOND T.BAUER Center for Crustacean Research, University of Southwestern Louisiana, USA ABSTRACT Grooming behavior is well developed in many decapod crustaceans. Antennular grooming by the third maxillipedes is found throughout the Decapoda. Gill cleaning mechanisms are qaite variable: chelipede brushes, setiferous epipods, epipod-setobranch systems. However, microstructure of gill cleaning setae, which are equipped with digitate scale setules, is quite conservative. General body grooming, performed by serrate setal brushes on chelipedes and/or posterior pereiopods, is best developed in decapods at a natant grade of body morphology. Brachyuran crabs exhibit less body grooming and virtually no specialized body grooming structures. It is hypothesized that the fouling pressures for body grooming are more severe in natant than in replant decapods. Epizoic fouling, particularly microbial fouling, and sediment fouling have been shown r I m ans of amputation experiments to produce severe effects on olfactory hairs, gills, and i.icubated embryos within short lime periods. Grooming has been strongly suggested as an important factor in the coevolution of a rhizocephalan parasite and its anomuran host. The behavioral organization of grooming is poorly studied; the nature of stimuli promoting grooming is not understood. Grooming characters may contribute to an understanding of certain aspects of decapod phylogeny. The occurrence of specialized antennal grooming brushes in the Stenopodidea, Caridea, and Dendrobranchiata is probably not due to convergence; alternative hypotheses are proposed to explain the distribution of this grooming character. Gill cleaning and general body grooming characters support a thalassinidean origin of the Anomura; the hypothesis of brachyuran monophyly is supported by the conservative and unique gill-cleaning method of the group.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurolipofuscin Is a Measure of Age in the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus Argus, in Florida
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Biology Theses Department of Biology 8-3-2006 Neurolipofuscin is a Measure of Age in the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus, in Florida Kerry Elizabeth Maxwell Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_theses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Maxwell, Kerry Elizabeth, "Neurolipofuscin is a Measure of Age in the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus, in Florida." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2006. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_theses/4 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEUROLIPOFUSCIN IS A MEASURE OF AGE IN THE CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER, PANULIRUS ARGUS, IN FLORIDA. by KERRY E. MAXWELL Under the direction of Charles D. Derby ABSTRACT Accurate age estimates for the commercially-important Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, would greatly enhance analyses of life history and population dynamics. Previous estimates of their age based on size and growth may be inaccurate because of variable growth in the wild. An established technique for aging crustaceans – histologically-determined lipofuscin content in the nervous system – was used on lobsters reared in the laboratory for up to five years. We verified the presence of lipofuscin in eyestalk neural tissue and described its distribution in cell cluster A of the hemiellipsoid body. Neurolipofuscin content of both sexes increased linearly over the five-year age range, with seasonal oscillations.
    [Show full text]
  • Part I. an Annotated Checklist of Extant Brachyuran Crabs of the World
    THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 17: 1–286 Date of Publication: 31 Jan.2008 © National University of Singapore SYSTEMA BRACHYURORUM: PART I. AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF EXTANT BRACHYURAN CRABS OF THE WORLD Peter K. L. Ng Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore Email: [email protected] Danièle Guinot Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Milieux et peuplements aquatiques, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Email: [email protected] Peter J. F. Davie Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. – An annotated checklist of the extant brachyuran crabs of the world is presented for the first time. Over 10,500 names are treated including 6,793 valid species and subspecies (with 1,907 primary synonyms), 1,271 genera and subgenera (with 393 primary synonyms), 93 families and 38 superfamilies. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are reviewed in detail, and many resolved. Detailed notes and references are provided where necessary. The constitution of a large number of families and superfamilies is discussed in detail, with the positions of some taxa rearranged in an attempt to form a stable base for future taxonomic studies. This is the first time the nomenclature of any large group of decapod crustaceans has been examined in such detail. KEY WORDS. – Annotated checklist, crabs of the world, Brachyura, systematics, nomenclature. CONTENTS Preamble .................................................................................. 3 Family Cymonomidae .......................................... 32 Caveats and acknowledgements ............................................... 5 Family Phyllotymolinidae .................................... 32 Introduction .............................................................................. 6 Superfamily DROMIOIDEA ..................................... 33 The higher classification of the Brachyura ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Challenging the Cold: Crabs Reconquer the Antarctic
    Ecology, 86(3), 2005, pp. 619±625 q 2005 by the Ecological Society of America CHALLENGING THE COLD: CRABS RECONQUER THE ANTARCTIC SVEN THATJE,1,5 KLAUS ANGER,2 JAVIER A. CALCAGNO,3 GUSTAVO A. LOVRICH,4 HANS-OTTO POÈ RTNER,1 AND WOLF E. ARNTZ1 1Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstr. D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany 2Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Foundation Alfred Wegener Institute, Helgoland, Germany 3Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Intendente GuÈiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientõ®cas y TeÂcnicas, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientõ®cas, CC 92, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina Abstract. Recent records of lithodid crabs in deeper waters off the Antarctic continental slope raised the question of the return of crabs to Antarctic waters, following their extinction in the lower Miocene ;15 million years ago. Antarctic cooling may be responsible for the impoverishment of the marine high Antarctic decapod fauna, presently comprising only ®ve benthic shrimp species. Effects of polar conditions on marine life, including lowered metabolic rates and short seasonal food availability, are discussed as main evolutionary driving forces shaping Antarctic diversity. In particular, planktotrophic larval stages should be vulnerable to the mismatch of prolonged development and short periods of food avail- ability, selecting against complex life cycles. We hypothesize that larval lecithotrophy and cold tolerance, as recently observed in Subantarctic lithodids, represent, together with other adaptations in the adults, key features among the life-history adaptations of lithodids, potentially enabling them to conquer polar ecosystems. The return of benthic top predators to high Antarctic waters under conditions of climate change would considerably alter the benthic communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Porcupine Crab (Neolithodes Grimaldii)
    Introduction as the king crab family of which 79 species have been identified throughout the oceans of the world. Male Porcupine Crab (Neolithodes grimaldii) specimens have been measured with a carapace length inhabits the sea bed off the Coast of Newfoundland (CL) of 180 mm and weighing 2.28 kg. Females of the and Labrador in depths beyond 500 fathoms (fm). species do not grow quite as large but carapace lengths This large crab is often caught as a by-catch in the up to 160 mm have been recorded. turbot gillnet fishery. Preliminary experiments with processing limited amounts have shown that marketable crab meat products can be produced from porcupine crab. Attempts have been made to increase the volume of raw material for processing by utilizing the by-catch, either by sectioning the crab onboard the vessel or landing whole crab, iced in boxes. This approach has not proven effective mainly because the crab has to be removed from gillnets which is extremely time consuming, especially when large quantities are involved. Also, fishermen try to avoid porcupine crab as turbot is their main species. It is generally accepted that if the fishery is to develop a method of potting the crab has to be devised. To date this has not been accomplished in spite of two The crab has three pairs of walking legs and separate projects in which various pot designs and bait one pair of claws. The right claw is larger than the left types were set in locations where porcupine crab had and is probably used for crushing while the smaller left been caught in turbot nets.
    [Show full text]
  • Steaks & Chops
    SEAFOOD PLATEAUS USDA PRIME 45 DAY DRY-AGED *Shrimp, Oysters, Clams, Lobster and Crab STEAKS & CHOPS LARGE / COLOSSAL GF *Classic Porterhouse Steak For Two or Four (price per person) GF *Raw Bar Plate for One GF *Bone-in Rib GF *Filet Mignon GF *T-Bone Steak GF Two shrimp, ½ of a One Pound Lobster, Two clams, *Marinated Skirt Steak GF *Petite Filet Mignon GF *Sirloin Steak GF One East Coast oyster and One West Coast oyster GF Lobster Cocktail GF *Clams on the Half Shell GF *Milk Fed Long-Bone Veal Chop GF *Colorado Lamb Chops GF Shrimp Cocktail GF *Oysters on the Half Shell GF Colossal Crab Cocktail GF Add Truffle Foie Gras Butter GF Add Gorgonzola GF Add Cherry Peppers GF APPETIZERS SUSHI/SASHIMI CLASSIC ROLLS Lobster Bisque, Classic creamy bisque, lobster garnish * Toro, blue fin tuna belly GF * Yellowtail, inside out roll with Pan Seared Crab Cake, Lobster sauce, chive oil drizzle, chervil scallions GF Ebi, cooked Shrimp GF Crispy Calamari and Shrimp, Cherry peppers, Mango chili sauce * Spicy Tuna or Salmon or Yellowtail, * Hamachi, yellowtail GF spicy mayo Imported Burrata and Bacon, Applewood bacon, baby arugula, cherry tomato, * Uni, sea urchin GF California, crab meat, cucumber honey balsamic emulsion GF Tako, cooked octopus GF and avocado GF * Toasted Sesame Ahi Tuna, Wasabi aioli, sweet mustard, hoisin, avocado, cucumber, * Hirame, fluke GF Vegetable, tempura avocado asparagus and pickled radish GF Unagi, fresh water eel GF Spider, soft shell crab and avocado Grilled Spanish Octopus, Heirloom tomato, sliced red onion, capers,
    [Show full text]
  • King Crabs Shallow Water Tanner Crabs Shallow Water King Crabs • Bairdi Tanner Crab • Red King Crab • Opilio Tanner Crab • Blue King Crab
    NORTH PACIFC GROUND FISH OBSERVER PROGRAM CRAB IDENTIFICATION The Key Contains 20 Species or Species Groups Eight Prohibited Species of Crab Must be measured and sexed by groundfish observers if found in species composition sample May not be consumed or retained on vessel Twelve Non-Prohibited Species Prohibited Species Crabs Tanner Crabs King Crabs Shallow Water Tanner Crabs Shallow Water King Crabs • Bairdi Tanner crab • Red King crab • Opilio Tanner crab • Blue King crab ________________________ ________________________ Deep Water Tanner Crabs Deep Water King Crabs • Tanneri Tanner crab • Brown King crab • Angulatus Tanner crab • Couesi King crab Key Features of Tanner Crab Carapace Rostrum Eye Frontal Gastric Branchial Branchial Lateral Lateral margin margin Mid-dorsal Posterior margin (L.S. Jademec) Key Features of Ventral Side of Tanner Crabs Chela 6 5 1st, 2nd, 3rd, & 4th walking legs 4 3 2 2 - 6 Abdominal Somites (abdominal flap) (L.S. Jademec) Who’s Who among Tanner Crabs? Deep Water? Shallow Water? Shallow Vs. Deep Water Tanners Deep Water Shallow Water Does NOT Does protrude Lateral Margin protrude beyond beyond Branchial region Branchial region Prominent Branchial Ridges Not prominent branchial ridges Coloration Coloration Ventral Uniform coloration light Lower Lateral Margins Deep water Shallow Water Branchial Regions & Ridges Deep water Shallow Water SHALLOW WATER TANNER Bairdi Tanner Crab 1. 4 pairs of walking legs 2. Lower lateral margin protrudes beyond branchial region 3. Carapace wider than it is long Eyes usually RED 4. Prominently notched epistomal margin “M” 5. Tips of rostrum sharply pointed 6. Rostrum pointed upward Bairdi Tanner Crab Opilio Tanner Crab 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Balanus Trigonus
    Nauplius ORIGINAL ARTICLE THE JOURNAL OF THE Settlement of the barnacle Balanus trigonus BRAZILIAN CRUSTACEAN SOCIETY Darwin, 1854, on Panulirus gracilis Streets, 1871, in western Mexico e-ISSN 2358-2936 www.scielo.br/nau 1 orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-6080 www.crustacea.org.br Michel E. Hendrickx Evlin Ramírez-Félix2 orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-5283 1 Unidad académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. A.P. 811, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82000, Mexico 2 Oficina de INAPESCA Mazatlán, Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura. Sábalo- Cerritos s/n., Col. Estero El Yugo, Mazatlán, 82112, Sinaloa, Mexico. ZOOBANK http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74B93F4F-0E5E-4D69- A7F5-5F423DA3762E ABSTRACT A large number of specimens (2765) of the acorn barnacle Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854, were observed on the spiny lobster Panulirus gracilis Streets, 1871, in western Mexico, including recently settled cypris (1019 individuals or 37%) and encrusted specimens (1746) of different sizes: <1.99 mm, 88%; 1.99 to 2.82 mm, 8%; >2.82 mm, 4%). Cypris settled predominantly on the carapace (67%), mostly on the gastric area (40%), on the left or right orbital areas (35%), on the head appendages, and on the pereiopods 1–3. Encrusting individuals were mostly small (84%); medium-sized specimens accounted for 11% and large for 5%. On the cephalothorax, most were observed in branchial (661) and orbital areas (240). Only 40–41 individuals were found on gastric and cardiac areas. Some individuals (246), mostly small (95%), were observed on the dorsal portion of somites.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Become a Crab: Phenotypic Constraints on a Recurring Body Plan
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 December 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0664.v1 How to become a crab: Phenotypic constraints on a recurring body plan Joanna M. Wolfe1*, Javier Luque1,2,3, Heather D. Bracken-Grissom4 1 Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa–Ancon, 0843–03092, Panama, Panama 3 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA 4 Institute of Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, 3000 NE 151 Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA * E-mail: [email protected] Summary: A fundamental question in biology is whether phenotypes can be predicted by ecological or genomic rules. For over 140 years, convergent evolution of the crab-like body plan (with a wide and flattened shape, and a bent abdomen) at least five times in decapod crustaceans has been known as ‘carcinization’. The repeated loss of this body plan has been identified as ‘decarcinization’. We offer phylogenetic strategies to include poorly known groups, and direct evidence from fossils, that will resolve the pattern of crab evolution and the degree of phenotypic variation within crabs. Proposed ecological advantages of the crab body are summarized into a hypothesis of phenotypic integration suggesting correlated evolution of the carapace shape and abdomen. Our premise provides fertile ground for future studies of the genomic and developmental basis, and the predictability, of the crab-like body form. Keywords: Crustacea, Anomura, Brachyura, Carcinization, Phylogeny, Convergent evolution, Morphological integration 1 © 2020 by the author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Lower Minimum Size Limits to Reduce Discards in the Bristol Bay Red King Crab (Paralithodes Camtschaticus) Fishery
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-20 Use of Lower Minimum Size Limits to Reduce Discards in the Bristol Bay Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) Fishery by J. E. Reeves U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center August 1993 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The new NMFS-NWFSC series will be used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Reeves, J. E. 1993. Use of lower minimum size limits to reduce discards in the Bristol Bay red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) fishery. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-20, 16 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-20 Use of Lower Minimum Size Limits to Reduce Discards in the Bristol Bay Red King Crab (Paralifhodes camtschaticus) Fishery by J. E. Reeves Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., BIN C-15700 Seattle, WA 98115-0070 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Ronald H.
    [Show full text]