DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.64.2001.159-170 Records of the Western Australian Mllsellm Supplement No. 64: 159-170 (2001).
New lycosoid spiders from cave and surface habitats in southern Australia and Cape Range peninsula (Araneae: Lycosoidea)
Michael R. Gray! and Judith A. Thompson2 'Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia 222 Warrnambool Street, Trinity Park, Queensland 4879, Australia
Abstract - Two new genera of Iycosoid spiders (Araneae: Lycosoidea) from Australian cave and surface habitats are described. The monotypic genus Bengalla gen. novo is erected for B. bertmaini sp. nov., a blind troglobite from Cape Range peninsula, Western Australia. Htmtia gen. novo is erected for H. deepensis sp. nov., an epigean species from south-western Australia; and H. murrindal sp.nov., a troglobite with reduced eyes from south-eastern Australia. The relationships of both these genera and Janusia Gray, a putative Iycosoid troglobite from the Nullarbor Plain, are discussed.
INTRODUCTION microscopic examination. Specimen preparations The ecribellate spiders examined here are for scanning electron microscopy were air dried associated with the tengellid-zorocratid-Iycosoid from 100% acetone. complex of Griswold (1993) and Griswold et al. (1999). This is a large assemblage of both cribellate Terminology and abbreviations and ecribellate spiders whose Australian The term "plicate" is used to describe the pleat- representatives are numerous but contain many like transverse ridges on the trichobothrial bases. groups that are poorly known or understood. CL carapace length; CW carapace width; STC Among the structural features that characterise superior tarsal claw; ITC inferior tarsal claw; RTA representatives of this complex are the subtegular/ retrolateral tibial apophysis; ALS anterior lateral tegular locking lobes, made up of opposing lobes spinnerets; PMS posterior median spinnerets; PLS on the subtegulum and tegulum of the male palp; posterior lateral spinnerets. and the tibial crack, an annular suture at the base of the leg tibiae in males. Another significant Repository institutions character, the presence of a grate-shaped tapetum AMS, Australian Museum, Sydney; SAM, South in the indirect eyes, could not be resolved for the Australian Museum, Adelaide; WAM, Western material available in this study. Australian Museum, Perth. Two of the species described here are obligate cave dwellers, while the epigean species is known only from forests in south-western Australia. They SYSTEMATICS are of importance faunistically as short range endemic species of conservation and zoogeo- Bengalla gen. novo graphic significance. Their relationships are of considerable interest, including possible affinities Type Species to ]anusia Gray, an enigmatic troglobitic species Bengalla bertmaini sp. novo from the Nullarbor Plain (Gray, 1973), currently placed provisionally in the family Ctenidae. The Description recognition of new genera here is deemed Ecribellate hunting spiders. Body length 6-9.5 appropriate given the difficulty of assigning the mm. The only known species is an eyeless, species described to available genera. unpigmented troglobite. Fovea a deep slit. Labium moderately long, with deep basal notches. Lateral maxillae margins weakly MATERIALS AND METHODS concave. Cheliceral groove margins with three to Specimen examinations, measurements and four teeth. Legs long. Trochanters deeply drawings were made using a Wild MS microscope notched. Anterior tibiae with four to six pairs of with graticule and drawing attachment. Epigynal ventral spines. Tibial crack absent. Tarsal organ preparations were cleared in 8% potassium subdistal, with a triangular, "keyhole derivative hydroxide before mounting in glycerol for type" orifice. Trichobothria of similar length, in 160 M.R. Gray, J.A. Thompson a c
d
b
e
Figure 1 Bengalla bertmaini sp. nov., tarsus I: a, scopula setae; b, serrate setae; c, tarsal organ; cl, trichobothriurn base; e, tarsal claws.
two rows on tarsi and metatarsi; bases apophysis long, prolateral surface concave, transversely plicate. Claw tufts absent, tarsi and longitudinally oriented. Embolus an elongate, metatarsi finely scopulate. ITC reduced on legs I, slender spine. Conductor a gently curved process 2 and absent on legs 3, 4. Setae simple and arising proapically, base fleshy, becoming a plumose (sensu Lehtinen, 1975); tarsi and hyaline lamina distally. Epigynum with a broad, metatarsi with flattened, recumbent, lanceolate, 'wing-like' scape, narrowest basally; sides concave serrate setae, serrations on one side only; feathery anterolaterally. Lateral lobes with a pair of lobules hairs absent. Prolateral and retrolateral femora that extend to the epigastric groove. Six spinnerets. with pink to mauve iridescence. Male palpal tibia ALS 2-segmented with 2 major ampullate spigots long, with an apical, plate-like retroventral and 15-17 piriform spigots. PMS I-segmented, apophysis and a widely bifid retrolateral spigots interpreted as 3 cylindrical, 4 aciniform apophysis. Cymbium short, ovoid, with marked and 1 minor arnpullate, plus 3 other medium sized retrobasal groove. Subtegular/ tegular locking spigots. PLS 2-segmented, apical area only visible lobes present, but weakly developed. Median with 1 cylindrical and several aciniform spigots. New cave and surface dwelling lycosoid spiders 161
Relationships present in Bengalla, but putative leg scopulae in Monotypic genera like Bengalla, that are Janusia are limited to the distal tarsi); and most represented by highly cave-adapted species, can notably, by the possession of a slender embolus. pose particular difficulties in the assessment of their Gray (1973) observed the broken distal portion of a relationships. For example, the absence of eyes slender, wire-like embolus in a copulatory duct of removes an important set of features normally used the female type specimen. Within the tenellid- in characterising lycosoids and their kin. The genus zorocratid-lycosoid complex of Griswold (1993) a Janusia, described for an eyeless female spider from slender embolus has been recorded in the the Nullarbor caves of Western Australia, has zorocratids, Acanthoctenus and the 'higher lycosoids'. presented similar problems, further exacerbated by This type of embolus is also seen in the Australian the absence of male specimens. Gray (1973) placed genus Leptoctenus L. Koch (L. agelenoides from Janusia provisionally within the Machadoninae Queensland) and Anahita Karsch (Diana Silva, (sensu Lehtinen, 1967), mainly on the basis of personal communication). Both of these genera are epigynal similarities with the Sri Lankan genus currently referred to the Ctenidae. The other unusual Devendra Lehtinen. Most of Lehtinen's machadonine character in Bengalla is the presence of epigynal genera are now placed within the "ctenoid lobules rather than teeth. However, this feature also complex" of Griswold (1993). Possible affinity of occurs elsewhere and may not necessarily be unique Bengalla with Janusia is suggested by their at generic level. Silva (personal communication) has possession of deeply notched trochanters; reduction noted that either lobules or teeth can be present on or loss of the ITC; absence of claw tufts (the latter the lateral lobes in species of both Anahita and were erroneously noted as present in Janusia by Leptoctenus. The relationship of these genera with Gray (1973); tarsal and metatarsal scopulae are Janusia and Bengalla merits further consideration. a
c d Figure 2 Bengalla bertmaini sp. nov., spinnerets (female): a, spinneret field; b, anterior lateral spinneret; c, posterior median spinneret; d, posterior lateral spinneret. 162 M.R. Gray, J.A. Thompson
Etymology ovoid, without scopulate hair patch. Subtegular/ Bengalla is an Aboriginal word for "ornament". tegular locking lobes only weakly developed. Here it refers to the striking pink iridescence on the Median apophysis elongate, concave, arising on the femora of these spiders. The gender is male. retrolateral side of the middle tegulum. Embolus a slender, tapering spine, arising retrobasally. Conductor fleshy basally and mildly curved and Bengalla bertmaini sp. novo twisted apically as a hyaline lamina supporting the Figures 1 a-e, 2 a-d, 3 a-f thin distal embolus; apical conductor extends beyond the cyrnbium apex. Other characters similar Material Examined to female. Holotype Female paratype (KS 21585) <3, Cave C65, Cape Range peninsula, Western Body length 9.01. CL 4.94, CW 3.89. Unpigmented Australia, Australia, 22°06'5, ll4°00'E, 18 August spiders. Legs and carapace light amber, somewhat 1992, D. Brooks - BES 683 (WAM 92/1961). darker toward front of caput and on chelicerae. Abdomen cream coloured. Caput profile gently Paratypes arched back to anterior fovea, flattened in foveal Australia: Western Australia: Cape Range region. Fovea a deep, moderately long slit. Chilum ~, peninsula: 1 Cave C126, 1989, S. Eberhard (AMS divided. Eyes absent, lateral ocular area with ridge ~, KS 21585); 1 Cave C167, 22°09'5, ll4°00'E, 20 marking former position of lateral eyes. Chelicerae ~, June 1989, M.S. Harvey (#3994) (WAM 94/22); 1 robust, with a large, lateral boss. Cheliceral Cave C1l8, 22°09'5, ll3°59'E, 21 June 1989, W.F. retromargin and promargin with 3-4 teeth. Labium ~, Humphreys (#3637) (WAM 94/23); 1 Cave C21, longer than wide (1:0.78), flat, with basolateral 22°14'5, ll3°58'E, 10 July 1989, R. Wood and A. grooves opposite long basal notches. Maxillae ~, Humphreys (#3377) (WAM 94/21); 1 Cave moderately long, anterolateral margins gently C169, 22°06'5, 114°00'E, 26 June 1989, A. concave. Sternum longer than wide (1:0.80), weakly ~, Humphreys (#3821) (WAM 94/24); 1 Cave C18, pointed posteriorly. Legs 4123, long, tibia I length 1.47 13 August 1988, W.F. Humphreys et al. (WAM 94/ times CW. Cuticle finely wrinkled. Trochanters deeply 19). notched. Spination: leg I, femur d01010l pOOll or 201 r01ll1, tibia v202222, metatarsus v0222; leg IT, femur Diagnosis dOllOl pOllll rOll1001, patella rOlO, tibia v2202222 Eyes and pigment absent. Legs long, lateral r010100, metatarsus v0222; leg III femur dOll01 femora with pinkish iridescence. Claw tufts absent, pOllll rOllll, patella pOlO rOlO, tibia d10010lO v2022 tarsi and metatarsi finely scopulate. ITC small (legs pOOllO rOOllO, metatarsus d022 v222 pIll rlllO; leg I, 11) or absent. Epigynum with a pair of lateral IV, femur dOlOl01 pOllOl01 rOOOllOl, patella p0100 lobules. Male palpal RTA widely bifurcate with two rOlO, tibia d100ll v2022 pOOllO rOll0, metatarsus slender processes. Embolus long, slender. d2102 vOll01 pll1 rOOlOl. Tibial and metatarsal spines long. Tarsi and metatarsi with weak scopulae. Description Claw tufts absent. STC with 5-6 teeth. ITC reduced on legs I, IT and absent on legs Ill, IV. Tarsal organ Male holotype capsulate, placed distal to trichobothria; orifice Body length 6.17. CL 3.06, CW 2.37. Caput profile triangular, broadest distally, tapering to a short, almost flat, inclined slightly upward to fovea. relatively wide, proximal slit. Trichobothria long, in Chelicerae slender. Legs 4123, very long, tibia I two rows on tarsus and metatarsus. Trichobothrial length 1.86 times CW. Spination: leg I, femur base plicate with 3-5 transverse ridges. Colulus dOllOl pOllll r 01111, tibia v1l2222 p 001101010 r indistinct. ALS and PLS short, similar in length, PMS 111, metatarsus dOlO v2ll2 pll1 rll1; leg 11, femur about half as long as PLS. Epigynal scape wide, dOlll pOll1 rOllll, patella pOlO, rOlO, tibia v22222 with'wing-like' lateral extensions spreading from a pOlllO rOlOll010, metatarsus d012, v222, pll1, narrower basal attachment; anterolateral scape rIll; leg Ill, femur dOll1 p01ll1 r1llll, patella margins deeply concave. Lateral lobes with a pair of pOlO rOlO, tibia v222 pOlIO r1ll0, metatarsus d022 narrow lobules extending posteromedially to the v221 pIll r1ll; leg IV, femur d01ll pOllOll rOOll1, epigastric groove. Lobules moderately flattened and patella pOlO rOlO, tibia dlOOll v0200202 pOOllO translucent basally, each becoming paler and more rOOllO, metatarsus dOll vll010ll001 pll1 rllOl. opaque toward the bluntly rounded apices; attached Palpal tibia long, with two apophyses: an apical, basally along posterior part of the lateral epigynal retroventral plate and a subapical, widely bifid RTA groove, overlapping the posterolateral scape margin. made up of slender, curved retrolateral and Internal genitalia receptaculate; copulatory ducts short retrodorsal processes (the former thickest), and curved, apparently opening from tapering atrial connected basally by a low ridge. Cymbium short, cavities under the anterolateral margins of the scape. New cave and surface dwelling lycosoid spiders 163
c
r
Figure 3 Bengalla bertmaini sp. nov. a, b, male palp: tibia, cymbium and bulb: a, ventral; b, retrolateral. c, carapace, female. d-f epigynum: d, e, ventral; f, dorsal. Scale lines: a, b, d-f, 0.5 mm; c, 1 mm.
Variation part of a biogeographic study of the caves of Cape Width of basal attachment of epigynal scape Range peninsula, Western Australia (Humphreys, ranges from one-fifth to two-thirds of the scape 1993, Harvey et a!., 1993). These blind, long-legged, width. tactile hunters are relatively common in the deeper regions of the caves, where they feed upon other Distribution arthropods that make up the diverse troglobitic cn1is troglobitic species is confined to the caves of fauna of those cave systems. the Cape Range peninsula, Western Australia. Etymology Remarks The species is named for Emeritus Professor of Specimens of Bengalla bertmaini were collected as Zoology, AR. (Bert) Main. 164 M.R. Gray, J.A. Thompson
Huntia gen. novo and a large RTA, placed dorsad. Cymbium ovoid, tapering to a short, blunt apex; a dorsal scopula of Type Species short, fine hairs and a small, basodorsal apophysis Huntia deepensis sp. novo are present. Subtegular/ tegular lock present. Median apophysis large, prolaterally side deeply Description concave and bimarginate. Embolus a robust, Ecribellate hunting spiders. Body length 8-10 curved, moderately flattened rod. Conductor a mm. Eyes in two rows: from above both are gently subapical, hyaline lamina. Epigynum with a broad recurved; from in front AER straight, PER weakly scape, narrow at base, sides rounded; lateral teeth procurved. AME smallest. Fovea short. Cheliceral large. Six spinnerets: ALS 2-jointed with 2 major margins with 3--4 teeth. Labium longer than wide arnpullate and 22 piriform spigots; PMS I-jointed, with deep basal notches. Maxillae with weakly spigots interpreted as 3-4 cylindrical, 1 minor concave anterolateral margins. Sternum sub- arnpullate, 15-17 aciniform; PLS 2-jointed, with 1 circular. Trochanters notched. Male legs with tibial cylindrical spigot and many aciniform spigots crack. Anterior legs with 4 pairs of tibial spines. (apical area only visible). Claw tufts absent, tarsi with weak scopulae. ITC vestigial-absent. Setae simple and plumose (sensu Variation Lehtinen 1975), feathery hairs absent. Tarsal organ Huntia murrindal sp. novo has a longer fovea; 5-6 placed subdistally, capsulate with a keyhole-type pairs of tibial spines; ITC are present; tarsal organs orifice. Trichobothria of similar length, in two rows are rod-like and more proximally placed (see on tarsi and metatarsi; base transversely plicate;. "Comments" under this species regarding its Male palp with a small apical ventral apophysis generic placement).
a c e
cl b f Figure 4 a-e, Janusia muiri Gray, cl-£, Huntia deepens is sp. nov., tarsus I: a, cl, tarsal organ; b, e, trichobothrial base; c, £, tarsal claws. New cave and surface dwelling lycosoid spiders 165
Relationships together, the characters of Huntia noted above, Based upon the character distribution of the tibial along with the presence of two recurved eye rows crack, a basal suture line found on the male leg and epigynal teeth, suggest that this genus belongs tibiae (Griswold, 1991, 1993), it is likely that the near Machadonia in Griswold's "ctenoid complex" ecribellate genus Huntia belongs either with the (genera Devendra, Phanotea, Machadonia, Ctenus and mostly cribellate Zorocratidae and Zoropsidae or Phoneutria). The presence of a robust, rod-like the entirely ecribellate "ctenoid complex" of embolus in Huntia, in contrast to the slender Griswold (1993). A longer labium and the absence embolus of ]anusia, probably precludes close of claw tufts suggests that Huntia is not a zoropsid. relationship between these genera. Its male palpal structure, with a large RTA, flattened embolus and deeply concave median Etymology apophysis, resembles the pattern seen in both the The genus is named for and dedicated to our good African zorocratid genus Raecius and ctenoid genera friend and colleague, the late Glenn Hunt, former such as Devendra from Sri Lanka and Machadonia Research Associate of the Australian Museum, from southern Africa. The inclusion of Huntia in any arachnologist and educator. The gender is male. of those genera seems precluded by one or more of the following characters: the presence of a keyhole shaped tarsal organ, a bimarginate median Huntia deepensis sp. novo apophysis and a basodorsal cymbial apophysis. A Figures 4 d-f, 5 a-d, 6 a-d, f, g bimarginate median apophysis is found only in genera of the "ctenoid complex", with the exception Material Examined of Devendra. A basodorsal cymbial apophysis is recorded in the zorocratid genus Zorodictyna and Holotype the ctenoid genus Ctenus (Griswold, 1993). Taken 0', Hill Top Rd, 2 km from tumoff on Southwest a
c d Figure 5 Huntia deepensis sp. nov., spinnerets (female): a, spinneret field; b, anterior lateral spinneret; c, posterior median spinneret; d, posterior lateral spinneret. 166 M.R. Gray, J.A. Thompson
Hwy, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Western arising retrobasally. Embolus a robust, moderately Australia, Australia, 34°58'5, 116°46'E, 8 February curved and flattened rod, distally grooved. 1979, M.R. Gray (AMS KS 3323). Conductor a hyaline lamina arising from the upper, retrolateral tegulum and placed dorsal to the distal embolus. Other characters similar to Para types female. Australia: Western Australia: 1 <;>, Walpole- Nornalup National Park, Hill Top Rd, 1.9 km from Southwest Highway turnoff, 34°58'5, 116°46'E, 31 Female paratype (KS 5957) January 1979, M.R. Gray (AMS KS 5957); 1 <;>, West Body length 9.69, CL 5.06, CW 3.67. Carapace Cape Howe National Park, 35°06'S,117°37'E, 26 amber, with greyish brown patterning. Legs April 1990, M.S. Harvey and J.M. Waldock (WAM banded. Abdomen with a pale, narrow, dorsal T42364). stripe and grey spotted patterning, with 8 pairs of more or less distinct chevrons posteriorly. Caput profile smoothly arched. Fovea a short, deep slit. Other Material Clypeus short, the width of an AME. Chilum entire, Australia: Western Australia: 1 <;>, near Walpole a weakly sclerotised, triangular plate. Eyes: AME National Park, 18 July 1982, A.M. Douglas (WAM smallest. AME
cl
e
f
g
h
I
Figure 6 a-d, f, g, Hunlia deepensis sp. nov., e, h, i, Hunlia murrindal sp. novo a-c, male paIp: tibia, cymbium and bulb: a, ventral; b, prolateral; c, retrolateral. d, e, carapace, female. f-i, epigynum: f, h, ventral; g, i, dorsal. Scale lines: a-c, f-i, 0.5 mm; d, e, 1 mm. 168 M.R. Gray, J.A. Thompson
Distribution Para types This species is known from the forest and Australia: Victoria: 1 'i', data as for holotype woodland habitats of the Shannon River to West (AMS KS 50691); 1 'i', East Buchan, Trogdip Cave Cape Howe region of southern Western Australia. (EB10), 37°30'5, 148°15'E, 13 March 1967, E. Hamilton-Smith (SAM, BS 1570). Etymology The specific epithet refers to the Deep River, Diagnosis Nornalup-Walpole National Park. Eyes and pigmentation reduced. Intermediate tarsal claws present. Prominent tarsal rod present, placed near mid-tarsus. Epigynal teeth subcaudal. Huntia murrindal sp. novo Figures 6 e, h, i, 7 a-d Description Material Examined Female holotype Holotype Body length 9.95, CL 5.31, CW 4.10. 'i' , Anticline Cave, Murrindal, Victoria, Australia, Pigmentation greatly reduced. Carapace, sternum 37"25'5, 148°10'E, 28 March 1970, G.S. Hunt (AMS and legs tawny amber, darker on caput, chelicerae KSl7235). and distal leg segments; carapace with faint grey a b
c d Figure 7 Huntin murrindal sp. nov., tarsus I: a, trichobothrial base; b, tarsal claws; c, d, tarsal rod. New cave and surface dwelling Iycosoid spiders 169 marginal band. Abdomen pallid grey, palest provisional until males become available. anteromedially, with one pair of small dorsal Taxonomic convenience is involved as a name is sigilla. Caput profile weakly arched, lower and needed for this species because of its significance in flattened at fovea. Fovea an elongate slit. Eyes: all biodiversity studies of south-eastern Australian eyes reduced in size, AME smallest, probably non- cave systems. The species is placed in Huntia largely functional (clypeus 4x width of an AME). From on the basis of sharing with H. deepensis a similar above, AER slightly recurved, PER recurved; from eye pattern, the presence of epigynal teeth and the in front AER slightly recurved, PER straight to weak development or absence of leg scopulae. slightly procurved. PER widest. Tapetum type Some characters seen in H. murrindal are markedly unresolved. Chilum wide, divided. Chelicerae different from H. deepensis, notably the presence of robust, weakly geniculate, with lateral boss; three tarsal claws and a tarsal rod. However, the promargin and retromargin with 3-4 teeth. Medial presence of tarsal rods and capsulate tarsal organs cheliceral margin with a line of numerous, short, within the same genus has been demonstrated in straight hairs. Labium longer than wide (1:0.76), Machadonia (Griswold, 1991). The different positions anteroventral area convex; with basolateral of the tarsal organ (subdistal in H. deepensis) and grooves adjacent to basal notches. Maxillae longer tarsal rod (central in H. nlllrrindal) may suggest that than wide, anterolateral margins shallowly these structures are not homologous. concave. Sternum subcircular, length/width ratio 1:0.86, weakly pointed posteriorly. Setae plumose Etymology (sensu Lehtinen 1975), feathery hairs absent. Legs The specific epithet is a noun in apposition taken 4123, moderately long, tibia I length 1.29 times from the type locality. CW. Cuticle finely wrinkled. Trochanters deeply notched. Spination: leg 1, femur d010101 p00011010 r001111, tibia, v22222 p01100 r001100, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS metatarsus v222; leg Il, femur d01I101I101 Loan material was kindly provided by Or Mark p0112101020 r01110101011, tibia d01010 v222222 Harvey and Ms Julianne Waldock (Western p011021 r0011010, metatarsus v222 p110; leg Ill, Australian Museum) and Mr Elery Hamilton-Smith femur d0101010 p0110110 r01111O, patella pOlO (South Australian Museum). A field trip to the rOlO, tibia d1110 v212 p01010 r01101O, metatarsus caves of North West Cape peninsula was made d01001 v222 p1I1 rl010010; leg IV, femur possible by Or Bill Humphreys, as part of his d01001011 pOOlO101 rOOOlO11, patella pOlIO rOlO, investigations of this cave system and its tibia d101010 v20202 pOlIO r0101, metatarsus d101 remarkable fauna. We thank Or Charles Griswold v222 p 111 r1101. Three tarsal claws with 5-7 teeth (California Academy of Sciences), Ms Oiana Silva on STC, ITC smooth. Claw tufts and scopulae (American Museum of Natural History) and Or absent. Tarsal organ an elongate rod, placed at or Robert Raven (Queensland Museum) for useful proximal to the middle of the tarsus; orifice discussions on relationships. apicoventral, rounded with a very short, narrow, proximal slit. Trichobothria in two rows on tarsi and metatarsi, bases plicate with 4-5 transverse REFERENCES ridges. Colulus a small, hairy cone. ALS and PLS Gray, M.R. (1973). Cavernicolous spiders from the 2-segmented, PLS base robust, conical, ALS base Nullarbor Plain and south-west Australia. Journal of cylindrical, both similar in length, PMS 1- the Australian Entomological Society 12: 207-221. segmented, about half as long as PLS. Epigynal Griswold, C.E. (1991). A revision and phylogenetic scape narrow basally, broadest posteriorly, analysis of the African spider genus Machadonia anterolateral margins concave. Moderately large, Lehtinen (Araneae: Lycosoidea). Entomologica flattened lateral teeth arise near the middle of the Scandanavica 22: 305-351. lateral lobes and curve posteromedially across the Griswold, e.E. (1993). Investigations into the phylogeny lateral scape margins, not reaching the epigastric of the lycosoid spiders and their kin (Arachnida: groove. Internal genitalia receptaculate; atria Araneae: Lycosoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to opening under the anterolateral scape margins Zoology 539: 1-39. lead back into short, curved copulatory ducts. Griswold, e.E., Coddington, J.A., Platnick, N.1. and Forster, R.R (1999). Towards a phylogeny of Distribution entelegyne spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Entelegynae). JOllrnal of Arachnology 27: 53-63. This cave adapted species is known only from the Harvey, MS, Gray, M.R., Hunt, G.S. and Lee, D.e. Buchan-Murrindal cave system in south-eastern (1993). The cavernicolous Arachnida and Myriapoda Victoria. of Cape Range, Western Australia. In W.F. Humphreys, (ed.), The biogeography of Cape Range, Remarks Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian The placement of H. nlllrrindal within HlIntia is Museum. Supplement 45: 129-144. 170 M.R. Gray, J.A. Thompson
Humphreys, W.F. (Ed.) (1993). The biogeography of Cape Lehtinen, P.T. (1975). Notes on the phylogenetic Range, Western Australia. Records of the Western classification of Araneae. Proceedings of the 6th Australian Museum, Supplement 45: 1-248 International Congress ofArachnology, Amsterdam, 1974: Lehtinen, P.T. (1967). Classification of the cribellate 26-29. spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici 4: 199-468. Manuscript received 18 April 2000; accepted 22 February 2001.