Julie Otsuka の描く「私たち」の物語
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Women in Julie Otsuka's the Buddha in the Attic
Lost in the Passage 85 Feminist Studies in English Literature Vol.21, No. 3 (2013) Lost in the Passage: (Japanese American) Women in Julie Otsuka’s The Buddha in the Attic JaeEun Yoo (Hanyang University) As is widely known, traditional psychoanalysis theorizes the mother-daughter relationship in negative terms; in order to grow into a mature individual, the daughter must sever emotional ties with her mother. As Marianne Hirsch writes, “a continual allegiance to the mother appears as regressive and potentially lethal; it must be transcended. Maturity can be reached only through an alignment with the paternal, by means of an angry and hostile break from the mother” (168). However, precisely because the mother-daughter relationship is conceptualized in this way—that is, as the site of intergenerational female alienation, many women writers have tried to re-imagine it as a source of strength and encouragement, though often not without conflict. Asian American feminist writers are no exception. Re- conceiving and restoring the mother-daughter relationship is even more complicated for Asian American writers as they face issues of race in addition to those of gender. Critics have long noticed the specific way these writers imagine Asian American daughters’ 86 JaeEun Yoo attempts to relate to and draw from their immigrant mothers—a relationship conventionally thought of as unbridgeable due to generation gap and culture differences. As Melinda Luisa De Jesus points out, “what U.S. third world feminist writers have added to this genre [Mother/daughter stories] is the delineation of how women of color of all generations must negotiate not only sexism in American society but its simultaneous intertwining with racism, classism, heterosexism, and imperialism” (4). -
Jap” to “Hero”: Resettlement, Enlistment, and the Construction of Japanese American Identity During WWII
From “Jap” to “Hero”: Resettlement, Enlistment, and the Construction of Japanese American Identity during WWII Maggie Harkins 3 Table of Contents I. Japanese Invasion: “The Problem of the Hour” II. “JAPS BOMB HAWAII!” Racism and Reactions to the Japanese American Community III. Enduring Relocation: “shikata ga nai” IV. Changing Family Roles within the Internment Camps V. “Striving to Create Goodwill” Student Resettlement VI. Nisei WACS: “A Testimony to Japanese American Loyalty” VII. “Go For Broke!” Fighting For Dignity and Freedom VIII. Heroism and Terrorism: Re-Assimilation into Anglo-American Society 4 On December 7, 1941 Japan staged a massive attack of the Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawai’i. Mainland Americans huddled around their radios listening to the events unfold, while Hawaiians watched the Japanese Imperial Air Force drop bombs over their home. The United States was at war. Young men nationwide, including Lawson Sakai, a Japanese American college student in California, rushed to join the Armed Forces. On December 8, 1941 Lawson and three friends traveled to the nearest recruiting station to commit themselves to the United States Navy. Though his friends were accepted immediately, Sakai was delayed and eventually denied. “They told me I was an enemy alien!,” he remembered years later. 1 The recruiting officer’s reaction to Sakai’s attempted enlistment foreshadowed the intense racial discrimination that he and thousands of other Japanese Americans would face in the coming months. The Nisei, second-generation Japanese American citizens, viewed themselves as distinctly American. They had no connection to the imperial enemies who bombed their homeland and were determined to support the United States. -
Julie Otsuka on Her Family's Wartime Internment in Topaz
HANDOUT ONE Excerpt from “Julie Otsuka on Her Family’s Wartime Internment in Topaz, Utah” Dorothea Lange/National Archives and Records Administration By Julie Otsuka the middle of the racetrack, where she and the children would be sleeping that evening. My uncle, There is a photograph in the National Archives who is 8, is carrying his mother’s purse for her of my mother, uncle, and grandmother taken by beneath his left arm. Hanging from a canvas strap Dorothea Lange on April 29, 1942. The caption around his neck is a canteen, which is no doubt reads: “San Bruno, California. Family of Japanese filled with water. Why? Because he is going to ancestry arrives at assembly center at Tanforan “camp.” Race Track.” My mother, 10, is turned away from the camera and all you can see is a sliver of Clearly, my uncle had a different kind of camp her cheek, one ear, and two black braids pinned in mind—the kind of camp where you pitch to the top of her head. In the background is a tents and take hikes and get thirsty—and clearly, large concrete structure with a balcony—the his mother has allowed him to think this. But grandstands. My grandmother, 42, is wearing a he is only just now realizing his mistake, and the nice wool coat and listening intently to the man expression on his face is anxious and concerned. beside her, who is pointing out something in the Tanforan was a temporary detention center for distance—most likely the newly built barracks in thousands of Bay Area “evacuees” on their way THE BIG READsNATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. -
When the Emperor Was Divine by Julie Otsuka
When the Emperor Was Divine by Julie Otsuka 1 Table of Contents When the Emperor Was Divine “Mostly though, they waited. For the mail. About the Book.................................................... 3 About the Author ................................................. 5 For the news. For Historical and Literary Context .............................. 8 the bells. For Other Works/Adaptations ................................... 10 breakfast and lunch Discussion Questions.......................................... 11 Additional Resources .......................................... 12 and dinner. For one Credits .............................................................. 13 day to be over and the next day to Preface begin.” Indicates interviews with the author and experts on this book. Internet access is required for this content. Julie Otsuka's When the Emperor Was Divine follows one Japanese family uprooted from its Berkeley home after the start of World War II. After being delivered to a racetrack in Utah, they are forcibly relocated to an internment camp. They spend two harrowing years there before returning to a What is the NEA Big Read? home far less welcoming than it was before the war. Using A program of the National Endowment for the Arts, NEA Big five distinct but intertwined perspectives, Otsuka's graceful Read broadens our understanding of our world, our prose evokes the family's range of responses to internment. communities, and ourselves through the joy of sharing a Culminating in a final brief and bitter chapter, Otsuka's novel good book. Managed by Arts Midwest, this initiative offers serves as a requiem for moral and civic decency in times of grants to support innovative community reading programs strife and fragmentation. designed around a single book. A great book combines enrichment with enchantment. It awakens our imagination and enlarges our humanity. -
TRANSFORMATION of the SELF: a Study of Submissiveness, Trauma, Guilt and Shame in Julie Otsuka’S When the Emperor Was Divine (2002)
INSTITUTIONEN FÖR SPRÅK OCH LITTERATURER TRANSFORMATION OF THE SELF: A Study of Submissiveness, Trauma, Guilt and Shame in Julie Otsuka’s When the Emperor Was Divine (2002) Ingegerd Stenport Essay/Degree Project: Advanced Research Essay, Literary Specialisation, 15 credits Program or/and course: EN2D04 Level: Second cycle Term/year: Vt/2016 Supervisor: Ronald Paul Examiner: Marius Hentea Report nr: Abstract Title: Transformation of the Self: a Study of Submissiveness, Trauma, Guilt and Shame in Julie Otsuka’s When the Emperor Was Divine (2002) Author: Ingegerd Stenport Supervisor: Ronald Paul Abstract: The internment of Japanese-American civilians during the Second World War caused many of the interned traumatic experiences. This essay is a contribution to the discussion of trauma theory in literature. By applying multiple theories of oppression, racism, discrimination and intergenerational transmitted trauma to Otsuka’s novel, the essay shows that the reimagined fictionalized trauma of past generations is illustrated in a psychologically realistic way. The focus of the argument is that the characters in When the Emperor Was Divine (2002) have been transformed and that the damage done during the internment lasts and that the healing process will not result in integrated selves. Memories of guilt and shame are shaped by a geographically and socially constructed oppression and discrimination and the appropriated stereotypes of the “alien enemy” become embedded in their transformed identities. Keywords: Julie Otsuka, When the Emperor Was Divine, Japanese American literature, Sansei generation, trauma, World War II internment, racism, oppression, discrimination Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Thesis 3 3. Trauma Theory and Previous Research 5 4. -
Additional Online and Print Resources
ONLINE RESOURCES HISTORY Japanese Picture Brides in Central Valley An 8-minute video featuring photos from the era, translated interviews with actual picture brides, and a brief historical overview of their lives, social structures, and the situation for their children. http://video.answers.com/japanese-picture-bride-phenomena-in-central-valley-300995146 Japanese Picture Brides: Building a Family Through Photographs A thoughtful article discussing the traditions, hopes, and pitfalls around Japanese marriages arranged through photographs. Includes several photos of bachelors, newlyweds, newly-arrived picture brides, and families. http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/little-tokyo/japanese-picture-brides-building-a-family-through- photographs.html Voices of Japanese-American Internees A 3-part lesson plan produced by the Anti-Defamation league. Includes a link to the short film “We Are Americans.” http://www.adl.org/education/curriculum_connections/summer_2008/default.asp Densho – The Japanese American Legacy Project A comprehensive independent archive, including extensive video interviews, downloadable curriculum, and other documents. http://www.densho.org/densho.asp JARDA – Japanese American Relocation Digital Archives A comprehensive archive from the University of California, with primary resources and a variety of lesson plans. Photos, audio recordings, timelines, and more. http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/jarda/ JARDA – Links and resources The University of California’s own collection of resource links. http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/jarda/related-resources.html#curricula -
Lesson Plans and Resources for the Buddha in the Attic Table of Contents
Lesson Plans and Resources for The Buddha in the Attic Table of Contents 1. Overview and Essential Questions 2. In-Class Introduction + Supplements – Literary and Historical focus - Photographs of Japanese Picture Brides arriving in California - Map of Japan - Photograph of Otsuka family in an internment camp - Timeline of Japanese immigration 3. Common Core Standards Alignment 4. Reader Response Questions 5. Literary Log Prompts + Worksheets - Japanese Culture - Asking Questions 6. Suggested Analytical Assessments 7. Suggested Creative Assessments 8. Online Resources 9. Print Resources - Review by Elizabeth Day for The Guardian - Review by Ron Charles for The Washington Post - Interview by Jane Ciabattari for The Daily Beast - “A Sikh Temple’s Century” by Bhira Backhaus 10. One Book, One Philadelphia Supporters These resources are all available, both separately and together, at www.freelibrary.org/onebook Please send any comments or feedback about these resources to [email protected]. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS The materials in this unit plan are meant to be flexible and easy to adapt to your own classroom. Each chapter has discussion questions provided in a later section. However, for students reading the entire book, there are several themes that connect the stories. Through reading the book and completing any of the suggested activities, students can achieve any number of the following understandings: To understand a culture, you must see the daily life of many – not just the experiences of a few. Despite being a nation of immigration, America has a long tradition of keeping newcomers on the outside. Fiction can bring history to life. Students should be introduced to the following key questions as they begin reading, and keep them in mind as they work through the book. -
Migrating Fictions
MIGRATING FICTIONS Migrating Fictions Gender, Race, and Citizenship in U.S. Internal Displacements ABIGAIL G. H. MANZELLA THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS | COLUMBUS Copyright © 2018 by Abigail G. H. Manzella. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Manzella, Abigail G. H., author. Title: Migrating fictions : gender, race, and citizenship in U.S. internal displacements / Abigail G. H. Manzella. Description: Columbus : The Ohio State University Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017036404 | ISBN 9780814213582 (cloth ; alk. paper) | ISBN 0814213588 (cloth ; alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: American fiction—20th century—History and criticism. | Migration, Internal, in literature. | Race relations in literature. | Displacement (Psychology) in literature. | Refugees in literature. Classification: LCC PS379 .M295 2018 | DDC 813/.509355—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017036404 Cover design by Andrew Brozyna Text design by Juliet Williams Type set in Adobe Minion Pro Front cover images: (1) Jack Delano, “Group of Florida migrants on their way to Cranberry, New Jersey, to pick potatoes,” Near Shawboro, North Carolina. Library of Congress, July 1940. (2) Clem Albers, “Persons of Japanese ancestry arrive at the Santa Anita Assembly center from Santa Anita Assembly center from San Pedro, California. Evacuees lived at this center at the Santa Anita race track before being moved inland to relocation centers,” Arcadia, California. National Archives, April 5, 1942. Back cover image: Dorothea Lange, “Cheap auto camp housing for citrus workers,” Tulare County, California. National Archives, February 1940. Published by The Ohio State University Press The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. -
Enacting the Silence of Subaltern Women: Julie Otsuka and the Japanese Picture Brides
Stockholm University Department of Culture and Aesthetics Enacting the Silence of Subaltern Women: Julie Otsuka and the Japanese Picture Brides Eva Leonte Master’s Thesis in Literature Examiner: Per-Olof Mattsson Supervisor: Helena Bodin Spring 2017 2 Abstract It is by now a truth universally acknowledged that the world’s subaltern women (in Gayatri Spivak’s understanding of the term) cannot make their voices heard, that what we think we know about them are mostly stereotypes of our own making. It is likewise acknowledged that literature has a privileged status when it comes to representing these women, given its unique prerogative to retrieve their traces and convey their subjectivity through imagining. Literary texts which embark on this task can be seen as symbolic speech acts and, as such, they depend upon their illocutionary force for success in the public sphere. In this thesis I have chosen to discuss The Buddha in the Attic by Julie Otsuka (2011) – a novel I perceive as a collective speech act – from the combined perspective of speech- act criticism (J. L. Austin, S. Petrey), subaltern studies (G. Spivak, G. Pandey) and feminist theory (M. P. Lara, S. Lanser). My analysis explores the interrelation between this little-known story of the first-generation Japanese women immigrants to the US and the sophisticated narrative strategy which sustains it, continually balancing between the women's heterogeneity and their shared experiences, especially their systematic silencing by the dominant population. Finally, the thesis discusses the novel’s larger illocutionary implications for the public sphere, in particular how the reclaiming of the past creates new understandings of the present as well as opens up onto the future. -
Voices That Matter: the Attic Echoes Through the House
VOICES THAT MATTER: THE ATTIC ECHOES THROUGH THE HOUSE Flávia Rodrigues Monteiro1 Abstract: In The Buddha in the Attic, Julie Otsuka explores two main topics: the Picture Bride practice and the internment camps for Japanese Americans during the World War II. An analysis of the development of both topics in the narrative reveals parallels with potential issues faced by women and diasporic subjects in contemporaneity, connecting with theoretical approaches on these topics. It is interesting to note that the narrative is mainly developed in first person plural with occasional expansion to other subjects such as “I,” “she,” “he,” and even “you”. The effect of this game between singular and plural is a narrative that describes a collective experience but avoids essentialisms. Even though it focuses on Women’s voices, the novel also explores different subjectivities involved in the diasporic experience. Thus, Otsuka’s narrative gives voice to disempowered subjects long locked in the attic of history and makes their voices echo through the houses of contemporaneity. Keywords: women’s literature, subjectivity, feminist criticism, diaspora. 1. Introduction In The Buddha in the Attic, the two main topics explored by Julie Otsuka are the experiences related to the Picture Bride practice and the internment camps for Japanese Americans during the World War II. In the same fashion James Joyce and Virginia Woolf use the “stream of consciousness device,” Otsuka uses a “stream of voices” through her narrative. The main plot, life of Japanese immigrants and their descendants in the United States, is permeated by glimpses of minor plots that help enhance the narrative. -
Social Identity of Japanese Americans in Julie Otsuka's
UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky Bc. Lucie Lemonová Social Identity of Japanese Americans in Julie Otsuka’s Historical Novels Sociální identita japonských Američanů v historických románech Julie Ocuky Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: Prof. PhDr. Josef Jařab, CSc. Olomouc 2017 Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci na téma „Social Identity of Japanese Americans in Julie Otsuka’s Historical Novels“ vypracovala samostatně pod odborným dohledem vedoucího práce a uvedla jsem všechny použité podklady a literaturu. V Olomouci dne................... Podpis ............................ Acknowledgment I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. PhDr. Josef Jařab, CSc. for his guidance and valuable comments which helped me during the whole process of writing this diploma thesis. Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 6 1 The Concepts of Social Identity ........................................................................................ 8 1. 1 Social Identity .............................................................................................................. 8 1. 2 The Concept of Ethnic Identity .................................................................................... 9 1. 3 The Concept of National Identity ............................................................................... 11 1. 4 Ethnic Identity in Relation to Assimilation ............................................................... -
About This Book
Page 1 of 5 Georgetown Township Public Library Book Discussion Guide The Buddha in the Attic Julie Otsuka (2011) About This Book Julie Otsuka’s long awaited follow-up to When the Emperor Was Divine is a tour de force of economy and precision, a novel that tells the story of a group of young women brought over from Japan to San Francisco as ‘picture brides’ nearly a century ago. In eight incantatory sections, The Buddha in the Attic traces their extraordinary lives, from their arduous journey by boat, where they exchange photographs of their husbands, imagining uncertain futures in an unknown land; to their arrival in San Francisco and their tremulous first nights as new wives; to their backbreaking work picking fruit in the fields and scrubbing the floors of white women; to their struggles to master a new language and a new culture; to their experiences in childbirth, and then as mothers, raising children who will ultimately reject their heritage and their history; to the deracinating arrival of war. In language that has the force and the fury of poetry, Julie Otsuka has written a singularly spellbinding novel about the American dream. (From the publisher.) From: http://www.litlovers.com About the Author • Birth—May 15, 1962 • Where—Palo Alto, California, USA • Education—B.A., Yale University; M.F.A., Columbia University • Awards—Guggenheim Fellowship; Asian| American Literary Award • Currently—lives in New York, New York Julie Otsuka was born and raised in California. After studying art as an undergraduate at Yale University she pursued a career as a painter for several years before turning to fiction writing at age 30.