Deliverable 2.1 Evaluation of Heritage Tourism Opportunities & Challenges

A Sustainable Heritage Tourism Endorsement Programme

Prepared by the National Trust

Submitted to Coherit Associates on Tuesday, May 5

In fulfillment of activities 2.1.6, 2.1.7, 2.1.8, and 2.1.9 of the OAS Project Expanding the Socio-Economic Potential of Cultural Heritage in the

1 Supply-Side Baseline

A baseline inventory of Grenada’s heritage tourism assets and infrastructure, and their potential for growth

1. What tangible cultural heritage assets (e.g. museums, archaeological sites, shipwrecks, landmarks, historic sites, monuments, districts) exist at your destination? Which are already included in tours and visited by international tourists? Which are frequented by domestic visitors? Which have the capacity to host more tourists safely and sustainably (consider existing amenities such as restrooms, parking, staff and customer service, wayfinding, and physical integrity)? Which ones are “hidden” from tourists or under‐accessed?

The following table presents a list of the most accessible heritage assets in Grenada and , whether or not they are visited by foreign and/or local visitors, which sites have the potential to sustainably host additional visitors, and are any under-accessed or “hidden.” It is not an extensive list of the islands’ cultural heritage assets, but a list of sites, many of which are already a part of the tangible heritage offered to visitors and have the capacity for enhancement, and thus the possibility for generating increased income to communities. It does not mean that these sites have been developed as part of the tourism product, as most are very basic since few amenities, interpretation and accommodations have been made for visitors. For sites that are already described in A-Z of Grenada Heritage by John Angus Martin, a page reference is identified under “Description/Status.” “WT” under “Possible Expansion” refers to Walking Tour.

Tours / Frequented Possible Under- Visited by Description / Status by Domestic Location Site Type accessed Asset Int’l Visitors Expansion Visitors / “Hidden” Amerindian Well Harvey Vale, Historic Natural mineral water Yes Yes Yes Yes Carriacou Battle Hill Battle Hill, Historic / Religious Historic/Religious site; p. 17 Yes Yes (Religious Difficult due to St. Andrew site) church expansion Yes (Historical Beauséjour Beauséjour, Historic Historical site; p. 19 Yes Yes sites) used by St. George schools Belair NP Belair, Historic/ Natural/ National Park/ Info Link Yes Yes Yes (Heritage Yes Carriacou Cultural center) Belmont Estate Belmont, Historic/ Museum Info Link Yes Yes Yes (dev slave St. Patrick aspect) Belvidere Estate Belvidere, St. John Historic Historical/ Agriculture/ p. 20 No No Yes Yes Bianca C Off Point Salines Shipwreck Ship Wreck/ p. 20 Yes Yes Botanical Gardens Tanteen, Historic/ Scenic pp. 27-8 Yes Yes (used for Yes (WT) Yes St. George’s weddings, etc.) Carenage St. George’s Historic/ Scenic pp. 37-8 Yes Yes (festivals) Yes (WT) Yes Carriacou Grenadines District pp. 41-43 Yes Yes Yes Yes Carriacou Museum Hillsborough, Museum p. 44 Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Carriacou Cemetery St. George’s Historic p. 218 Yes Yes Yes (WT) Cenotaph Botanical Gardens, Monument p. 46 Yes Yes Yes (WT) St. George’s Christ of the Deep Carenage, St. Monument p. 48-49 Yes Yes Yes (WT) Statue George’s Church Street St. George’s Historic pp. 49-50 Yes Yes Yes (WT) Spice Basket, Cricket Museum Beaulieu, Museum Info Link Yes Yes Yes Yes St. George Diamond Diamond, St. Mark Historic/ Newly opened/ Info Link1/ Yes Yes Yes Yes Chocolate Factory Agricultural Info Link2 Dover Dover, Carriacou Historic Info Link Yes Yes Yes Dumfries Carriacou Historic Historical plantation Yes No Yes Yes Dougladston Spice Dougladston, Historic/ p. 67; Link Yes Yes Yes Estate St. John Agricultural Duquesne Duquesne, Archaeological p. 69 Yes Yes Yes Yes Petroglyphs St. Patrick Fédon’s Camp St. John/ St. Historic/ Natural p. 77 No Yes Yes Yes Andrew Fort Frederick Richmond Hill Historic/ Scenic Yes (add St. George pp. 208-9; Link Yes Yes interpretation/ picnic Yes area) Fort George St. George Historic/ Scenic pp. 83-4; Link Yes Yes Yes (WT) Fort Matthew St. George Historic pp. 208-9 No No Yes (safety issue) Yes French Settlement Lagoon, Monument Erected by students of Beacon No Yes Yes St. George’s HS and Otway Bailey Funeral Agency Gouyave Town Gouyave, St. John District pp. 94-5 Yes Yes Yes Government House Lucas Street, Historuc/ pp. 95-6 No No (safety issue) St. John Architectural Grand Bay Grand Bay, Historic/ Info Link Yes Yes Yes (Arch & Yes Carriacou Archaeological Geological dev) Grenada Chocolate Hermitage, Agricultural Info Link Factory St. Andrew Yes Yes Yes Grenada Distillers Woodlands, Historic/ pp. 105-6; Info Link1/ Info Yes Yes Yes St. George Agricultural Link2 Grenville Town Grenville, District pp. 106-7 Yes Yes Yes Yes St. Andrew Halifax Harbour Halifax, Historic/Natural/ p. 109 Yes No Yes (close to St. George Scenic dump) Harvey Vale Carriacou District p. 110 Yes Yes Yes Helvellyn House Sauteurs, Historic Historical/Food; Info Link Yes Yes St. Patrick Hillsborough Carriacou District pp. 112-3 Yes Yes Yes Hospital Hill Old Fort, St. Historic pp. 114-5 No No Yes (WT) 3 Redoubts George’s La Sagesse Nature La Sagesse, Historic p. 139 Yes Yes Yes Yes Works St. David Lagoon St. George’s Scenic p. 135 Yes Yes Yes Leapers’ Hill Sauteurs, Historic pp. 139-40 Yes Yes Yes Yes St. Patrick Lucas Street St. George’s Historic / p. 147 No No Yes (WT) Architecture Market Square St. George’s Historic pp. 154-5; Info Link Yes No Yes (WT) Marryshow House Blaize Street, Historic/ pp. 158-59 Yes Yes Yes (WT) St. George’s Architectural Point Salines, Historic Int’l Airport St. George pp. 194-95 Yes Yes Melville Street St. George’s Historic/ p. 161 Yes No Yes (WT) Architectural Methodist Church St. George’s Architectural p. 162 Yes No Yes (WT) Morne Fendue Morne Fendue, Historic/ No (closed) Great House St. Patrick Architectural p. 167 No Yes National Museum Young, Street, Museum p. 104-5 Yes Yes Yes (WT) St. George’s National Stadium St. George’s Historic/ Sport pp. 172-3 Yes Yes Yes (WT) Station Gouyave, St. John Historic/ Info Link Yes Yes Yes Agricultural Pearls Amerindian Pearls, St. Andrew Archaeological Info Link Yes Yes Yes Yes Site Petite Grenadines District pp. 189-90 No No Yes Yes Melrose Place Gouyave, St. John Architectural Info Link No No Yes (private) Yes Morne Rouge Morne Rouge, Scenic / Small, quieter beach/ scenic Yes Yes Yes Beach St. George Recreational Mt. Rich Mt. Rich, St. Archaeological p. 170 (Few) Yes Yes (needs access) Yes Petroglyphs Patrick Presbyterian St. George’s Historic/ pp. 201-2 Yes No Damaged by Church Architectural The Priory Church Street, Historic/ p. 252 No No Yes (WT) St. George’s Architectural Richmond Hill St. George’s Historic p. 209 No Yes (Local Yes Prison religious groups) River Antoine River Antoine, Historic/ pp. 209-10; Info Link Yes Yes Yes Yes Estate St. Patrick Agricultural Rome Museum Walker, St. Andrew Museum Info Link Yes Yes Yes Yes Sauteurs St. Patrick District p. 227 Yes Yes Yes Yes Sedan Porches Church Street, Architectural p. 230 Yes Yes Yes (WT) Yes St. George’s Sendall Tunnel St. George’s Architectural p. 230 Yes yes Yes (WT) Spice Basket Beaulieu, Recreational Info Link Yes Yes Yes Yes

4 St. George St. Andrew’s Grenville, Architectural p. 215 Yes No Yes Anglican Church St. Andrew St. Andrew’s Grenville, Architectural pp. 215-6 Yes No Yes Catholic Churches St. Andrew St. David’s Architectural pp. 216-7 Yes No Yes Anglican Church St. David St. David’s RC St. David Architectural p. 217 Yes No Yes Church St. George’s Church Street, Architectural pp. 217-18 Yes Yes Yes (WT) Anglican Church St. George’s St. George’s Church Street, Architectural pp. 220-1 Yes Yes Yes (WT) Catholic Church St. George’s St. George’s Town St. George’s District pp. 221-2 Yes (via Yes Yes (WT) Train) St. John’s Anglican Gouyave, St. John Architectural p. 223 Yes Intermittently Yes (WT) Church St. John’s RC Gouyave, St. John Architectural p. 223 No No Yes (WT) Churches St. Mark’s Victoria, St. Mark Architectural p. 224 No No Yes Anglican Church St. Mark’s Victoria, St. Mark Architectural p. 224 No No Yes Catholic Church St. Patrick’s Sauteurs, St. Mark Architectural pp. 224-5 Yes Yes Yes Anglican Church St. Patrick’s Sauteurs, St. Mark Architectural p. 225 Yes Yes Yes Catholic Church Tanteen St. George’s Historic/ Scenic pp. 244-5 Yes (via No train) Tower House St. Paul’s, Architectural pp. 248-9 No No Yes (privately St. George owned) Underwater Wreck Moliniere, Recreation Sunken as attraction site Yes St. George Vicariate/ Priory Church Street, Architectural p. 252 No No Yes (WT) St. George’s Victoria Victoria, St. Mark Archaeological pp. 190-91 Yes Yes Yes Yes Petroglyph Victoria St. Mark p. 253 Yes Yes Yes Westerhall Rum Westerhall, Historic pp. 256-7 Yes Yes Yes Dist. St. David Wreck Site Isle de Ronde, Shipwreck Under water archaeological site Yes Grenadines York House Church Street, Historic/ p. 261 No No Yes (safety issue) St. George’s Architectural

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2. What intangible heritage-related assets (e.g. traditional music and dance, theatres, galleries, ethnic restaurants, craftspeople, folklorists, singers, storytellers, festivals, fairs, community practices, traditions or folkways, ethnobotanical knowledge, and traditional land uses such as agriculture and yard gardening) are accessed by tourists, how and when? Which ones are “hidden” from tourists or under‐accessed?

The following is not an exhaustive list of intangible heritage-related assets, but the most accessible in their current forms. Though the list may indicate that there is a vibrant traditional scene, performances are very sporadic, to say the least. Groups are formed all the time in attempts to revive or keep the culture alive, but many disappear because of various restraints, etc. Many of the traditional expressions exhibit the syncretism of African and European cultures as a result of slavery and colonialism. Though they is a strong desire to promote, interpret and preserve traditional cultural expression in Grenada and Carriacou, limited resources, lack of management, the mobility of the population (migration), and inertia have resulted in the disappearance of many traditional practices as the younger population find the appeal of western culture and technology too attractive to resist. Thus many traditional cultural expressions are in danger of disappearing from Grenada in the near future! The list below of traditional dance/music groups are those that have been around for some time. Again, groups are formed all the time, but most disappear because of the usual constraints. The Tivoli Drummers have been around for some time and stage monthly events as well as an annual drum festival. Dance companies, like Conception Dance Company and Innovation Dance Co., are geared mainly for dance classes for the young, but also stage public dance shows that include traditional dances/music. The Grenada National Dance Festival, sponsored by the Government of Grenada, was started a number of years ago and meant to be a bi-annual event, but has not been consistent. They have been attempts to create a National Music Festival, but one has not taken hold. Music & Beyond has scheduled a Grenada Music Festival for 2016 that will attempt to create a festival similar to the Jazz Festival in St. Lucia. There are a handful of local plays put on each year, primarily by the two prominent theatre companies—the Heritage Theatre Company and La Boucan Creative Centre, and Richardo Keens-Douglas. In 2014 each of the companies and Keens-Douglas staged a play, which were well received. There are quite a few art galleries around at present, and art seems to be on the rise with some of the new places opening, but the same applies, especially because these are businesses. Many artists (too numerous to mention) maintain small galleries as businesses in their homes or in commercial spaces. Many pop up and disappear, for mostly financial reasons. Below are some of the more established ones in Grenada. Craftspeople can be found across the islands, but congregate around larger towns in order to sell their wares. Craftspeople range from traditional crafts like drums and straw work like baskets, mats and hats, to carvings, beadwork and many other local crafts. Many of these crafts people can be found at the Grand Anse Craft Center or the Esplanade where they sell their works, mainly to foreign visitors. There have been many festivals in Grenada over the years, but only a few have survived to become national events year after year. Though the vibrancy changes over the years, the few that have survived can be well attended by local visitors, with foreign visitors joining in. The tourism industry has been influential in creating many new festivals and cultural events to cater to the growing industry and revive disappearing traditional cultural events and practices; many relate to yachting.

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Asset Location Type Description / Accessed How When Under- Status by Visitor accessed Art & Soul Grand Anse, Art Gallery High end local art gallery Yes Business Business Hours St. George Art in the Park Grand Anse, Art Festival Artists & Music outdoors Yes Public Event Monthly (new) St. George Art Fabric Young Street Designed clothing/art Batik cloth/ clothing Yes Business Business Hours St. George’s Big Drum Dance Carriacou and PM Traditional Dance p. 21 Yes Public Occasionally Yes Boat Building Carriacou Traditional craft pp. 26-7 Yes Public Occasionally Calypso/Soca Grenada Traditional Music pp. 35-6 Yes Public Carnival Camerhogne Folk Grenada Culture/ Food Festival Plays/ dance/ storytelling/ Yes Public Events December Yes Festival games/ etc. Info Link Caribbean Art Project Paddock, St. George Art Gallery High end local art gallery Yes Business Business Hours Carlton Cocoa Grenville, St. Andrew Cocoa processing Info Link Yes (tours) Yes Business Hours Fermentary Carnival Grenada Traditional art/ Culture p. 39-40 Yes Public Event August Carriacou Carnival Carriacou Traditional art/ Culture p. 39-40 Yes Public Event February/ March Yes Carriacou Regatta Carriacou Traditional Culture / Boating/ Cultural Events Yes Public July-August Industry Corpus Christi Grenada Religious Religious procession Yes Public Event June Ebony Fine Art Art gallery and picture Gallery & Custom Red Gate, St. David Art Gallery framing Yes Business Business Hours Framing Emancipation Day St. George’s Historical p. 73 Yes Public Event Annually (1st Yes commemoration August) Fish Friday Gouyave, St. John Food Festival Culture/ Food / Music Yes Public Event Every Friday Night Fisherman’s Birthday Gouyave Religious p. 79 Yes Public Event June Grenada Arts Council St. George’s Art Gallery/ Local Artists pp. 102-3 Yes Art Exhibitions Periodically Dances (Traditional) Grenada/ Carriacou Folk pp. 81-2 Yes Public Events Occasionally Yes Djab Djab Grenada/ Carriacou Traditional Art/Theatre p. 127 Yes Public Event Carnival Freddie Paul Art St. George’s Art Gallery Small art gallery by artist Yes Business Business Hours Gallery Heritage Theatre Co. St. George’s Theatre pp. 11-12; Info Link Yes Public Events Occasionally Kalenda Grenada Performance Dance p. 131 Yes Public Events Occasionally Kite Flying Recreation p. 133 Yes Public Easter Carriacou Maroon & Belair / Hillsborough, String Band Festival Carriacou Traditional Music/Dance pp. 155-6 Yes Public Events April Yes Francis Art Studio Westerhall Road, Art Gallery Yes Business Business Hours and Gallery St. David Grenada Drum Tivoli, St. Traditional Music / Dance See Tivoli Drummers Yes Public Annually Yes Festival Andrew below Gouyave Nutmeg Gouyave, Agricultural Process of nutmeg/

7 Processing Station St. John mace preparation Yes Public Business Hours

Grenada Chocolate Celebration of Grenada’s Festival Grenada Food Festival Cocoa/ Chocolate Yes Public Annually (May) Grenville Nutmeg Grenville, Agricultural Process of nutmeg/ mace Yes (tours of Yes Business Hours Processing Station St. Andrew preparation process) Grenada Mango St. George’s Agricultural Celebration of mangoes/ Yes Public Events Annually Festival Fruits Festival/ Info Link Grenada Youth Grenada Traditional Music Performance group Yes Public Events Occasionally Quake Indo-Grenadian Grenada East Indian Heritage Info Link/ Yes Public Events May Yes Heritage Foundation La Boucan Creative Villa, St. George’s Theatre pp. 11-12 Yes Attend Shows Occasionally Yes Ctr Leapers’ Hill Sauteurs, St. Patrick Historical Amerindian pp. 139-40 Yes Public (Interpretation Ctr Yes Site currently closed) Mt. Moritz Breakfast Mt. Moritz, St. Festival/ Traditional Info Link Yes Public Every last Sunday George Food/ Music Mt. Rich Petroglyphs Mt. Rich, St. Patrick Amerindian Heritage p. 170 Yes Yes Open Yes Music (Traditional) Grenada Traditional Music pp. 82-3 Yes Public Events Occasionally Yes Nutmeg Spice Festival Food Festival Agricultural/ Food p. 178/ Info Link1/ Link2 Yes Public Events Annual (Nov-Dec) Yes Off the Wall Art Lance Aux Epines Art Gallery High end local art gallery Yes Business Business Hours Gallery Rainbow City Festival Grenville, St. Andrew Culture / Food Festival Parish cultural festival/ Yes Public Events Annual (August) Yes Info Link1/ Info Link2 Sailing Festivals Grenada / Carriacou Sailing / Boating Festival Various sailing festivals Yes Public Events Throughout the year Saraca La Poterie, Traditional/ Cultural/ Info Link Yes Public Event Annually St. Andrew Food Shango Rural Grenada Religious pp. 231-2 Yes Public Event Rare Spice Word Literary Grenada Literary Festival Storytelling/ literature/ Yes Public Events Annual (April) Festival Info Link String Bands (Primarily) Carriacou Traditional Music p. 240 Yes Public Events Periodically/ Festivals Parang Festival Hillsborough, Traditional Music p. 184/ Info Link Yes Public Events Annual (December) Carriacou Paywo/ Shakespeare Carriacou Traditional Theatre / p. 186 Yes Public Event Carriacou Carnival Mas Mas’ Quadrille Carriacou Traditional Dance p. 203 Yes Public Events Occasionally St. Mark’s Day Victoria, St. Mark Culture/ Food Info Link Yes Public Events Annual (mid-April) Festival Shortknee Grenada Traditional Theatre/Art pp. 232-3 Yes Public Event Carnival St. Patrick’s Day local arts/craft, Festival Sauteurs, St. Patrick Culture / Food agricultural produce, food, Yes Public Event Annual (March) drinks/ cultural show Theatre/ Music/ Dance Spice Basket, Various Performances Info Link Yes Public Events Yes Beaulieu, St. George Tombstone Feast Carriacou Traditional Culture p. 246 Yes Public Event Periodically Steelpan Music Grenada & Carriacou Traditional Music pp. 238-9 Yes Public Events Carnival / Other Tivoli Drummers Tivoli, St. Andrew Traditional Music Info Link1/ Info Link2 Yes Public Events Monthly Events Yes 8 Traditional Dance Grenada & Carriacou Dance/ Music pp. 81-82 Yes Public Events Ongoing Yellow Poui Young Street, Art Gallery High end local art gallery Yes Business Business Hours St. George’s Veni Vwai la Grenade St. George’s Dance Company Traditional Dance Yes Public Events Occasionally Dance Co. Wild Indian Grenada & Carriacou Masquerade p. 257 Yes Public Event Carnival Work Boat Regatta Grand Anse Beach Boat/Racing Festival Info Link Yes Public Event Christine David Carriacou Folklorist Big Drum Dance/ Poet/ Yes Public Events Occasionally Local historian Winston Fleary Carriacou Folklorist Storytelling/ Big Drum Yes Public Events Rare (not well) Dance/ Info Link Richardo Keens- Grenada Folklorist / Children’s Biography Yes Public Events like Periodically Douglas writer / Storyteller/ plays Playwright Esther O’Neale Grenada Storyteller/ writer Yes Public Events Occasionally

3. What natural heritage assets (e.g. parks; recreation areas; scenic vistas and byways; unique or rural landscapes; wilderness areas and wildlife habitats; beaches; marine resources; protected areas) are visited by tourists? Which ones have the present capacity to host more tourists safely and sustainably? Which ones are “hidden” from tourists or under‐accessed?

Asset Location Type Description / Accessed Possible Under- Status by Visitors Expansion accessed Annandale Waterfall Willis, St. Waterfall / Scenic p. 8; Info Link Yes Yes George Anse La Roche Beach Carriacou Beach / Scenic Swimming/ snorkeling Yes Yes Yes Bathway Beach Bathway, St. Beach / Scenic p. 16 Yes Yes Yes Patrick Belair Belair, Carriacou Historic / Scenic Scenic Yes Yes Yes Billfish Tournament Yacht Club, St. Recreation Fishing tournament Yes Yes George’s Botanical Gardens Hillsborough, Scenic Many flowers grown in Yes Yes Carriacou gardens Claboney Hot Springs Grenville, St. Unique Info Link Yes Yes Yes Andrew Concord Falls Concord, St. George Waterfalls / Hiking pp. 55-6; Info Link Yes Yes Dragon Bay Moliniere, St. Protected Seascape Snorkeling/ Info Link Yes Yes George Grand Etang NP & Grand Etang, Forest Reserve St. George/ Protected Landscape pp. 97-8 Yes Yes Yes St. Andrew Grand Anse Beach Grand Anse, St. Beach / Scenic pp. 98-99/ Info Link Yes Yes George

9 Grenada Gulf & Golf Course, St. Recreation / Sport Golfing Yes Yes Country Club George High North NP Carriacou Scenic / Natural Site p. 112; Info Link Yes No Yes Honeymoon Waterfalls Mt. Qua Qua, Waterfalls Waterfalls / Hiking Yes Yes St. Andrew Lake Antoine N.L. River Antoine National Landmark p. 136/ Birding / Hiking Yes Yes Yes St. Andrew La Sagesse P.S. La Sagesse, Protected Seascape p. 139/ Yes Yes St. David Mangrove estuary/ Beach Levera NP Levera, Bird watching/ Scenic p. 141 Yes Yes Yes St. Patrick Limlair-Thibaud Limlair, Carriacou Protected Area Info Link Yes No Yes KIDO Ecological Anse La Roche, Research Info Link No No Yes Station Carriacou Laura Herb & Spice Laura, St. David Garden / Spices Herbs & spices of Yes Yes Garden Grenada; tours/ Info Link Levera Pond St. Patrick Scenic p. 141 Yes Yes Yes Moliniere Bay P.S. Moliniere, St. Protected Seascape Coral/ Marine ecosystem Yes Yes George Mt. Carmel/ Royal Mt. Carmel, Waterfall p. 168; Link Yes Yes Falls St. Andrew Mt. Hartman Dove Mt. Hartman, Protected wildlife National Bird Sanctuary Yes Yes Yes Sanctuary St. George habitat Mt. Qua Qua St. Andrew Recreation / Scenic Scenic/ Hiking Yes Yes Mt. St. Catherine St. Mark Recreation / Scenic p. 170 Yes Yes Paradise Beach Carriacou Beach Beach Yes Yes Yes Quarantine Station Goat Point, Scenic Vista p. 203 No Yes Yes St. George River Sallee Boiling River Sallee, Unique Landscape p. 210; sulphurous boiling Yes Yes Spring St. Andrew springs River Tubing Balthazar, Recreation Sport Yes Yes St. Andrew Rosemont Waterfalls Rosemont, Waterfall Waterfall Yes Yes (private) St. John Sabazan P.S. Off Carriacou Protected Seascape / Info Link Yes Yes (develop Yes Historical Site historical aspect) Sandy Island Off Carriacou Protected Seascape p. 226; Info Link Yes Yes 7 Sisters’/ St. Margaret St. Margaret, p. 231; Info Link Falls St. Andrew Recreation Yes Yes Sunnyside Gardens St. Paul’s, Scenic/ Gardens Info Link Yes Yes St. George Tufton Hall Waterfall Tufton Hall, Recreation Waterfall/ Hiking/ (Few) Yes Yes St. Mark Info Link Tyrrel Bay Carriacou Protected Seascape p. 250/ Info Link Yes Yes Underwater Sculpture Molinier Bay, Snorkeling/ Diving Yes Yes

10 Park St. George Recreation Saline/White Islands Off Carriacou Protected Seascape Info Link Yes Yes and Reefs Underwater Wreck Moliniere, Recreation Sunken as attraction site Yes St. George Historic Grenadines Isle de Ronde Under water Yes Wreck Site archaeological site

4. Where do tourists purchase souvenirs? What souvenirs are available? What souvenirs are popular? Souvenirs can be purchased across the Town of St. George’s as vendors come out on days, but the permanent shops that cater exclusively to all visitors are listed below.

Service Location Offerings Popular Souvenirs Amberkila Constantine, St. George Spices and local craft items Locally made calabash Art Fabrik Young Street, St. George’s Info link/ Locally made fabric/clothing Batik Islands Info Link/ Local soaps, perfumes, spices Local soaps/ perfumes Bel of Spice Young Street, St. George’s Info Link/ Imported/Local arts/craft Bruce Street Mall Melville Street. St. George’s Jewelry/ clothing/ perfumeries/ crafts T-Shirts/ spices/ Knick knacks Distilleries/Distributors Island wide Alcoholic beverages Rum punch/ proof rum Dot’s Plaza Esplande Vendor Shops Melville Street, St. George’s Locally made crafts/ spices Beads/ spices Fidel Productions Carriacou Info Link/ T-Shirts/ hand-painted calabashes/ T-Shirts handmade jewelry, caps Grand Anse Craft & Spice Market Grand Anse, St. George Info Link/ Local crafts and grown spices Handicrafts Grenada Chocolate Co. Hermitage, St. Patrick Info Link/ Chocolate bars, etc. Chocolate bars La Grenade Industries St. Paul’s, St. George Info Link/ Nutmeg jams/ jellies/syrup… Lisa’s Monckton Street, St. George’s Info Link/ Locally made jewelry Jewelry Market Square Market Square, St. George’s Spices/ crafts Spices Shipwreck Granby Street, St. George’s T-Shirts/ Knick Knacks T-Shirts Tikal Young Street, St. George’s Diverse arts/crafts Local crafts Veronica Art Creation Grand Anse, St. George Local design fabric with nutmeg as symbol Nutmeg prints and cards

5. Where do tourists find authentic Grenadian cuisine?

Authentic Grenadian cuisine is available but not abundant, and not diverse. Local dishes derive from what was grown or cheaply imported during slavery and after. Cassava and wild meats and fish gave way to European and African additions that created Grenadian cuisine, which is dominated by rice, bananas (green or ripe plantains), and root crops or ground provisions like yams and sweet potatoes. The breadfruit, added later from Asia, is now a major ingredient in the national dish, oil down. Rum and tropical fruit juices (limes, sorrel, mango, guava, etc.) are very popular as drinks to accompany meals. Many restaurants, including at hotels, serve Grenadian dishes, but only a few specialize in them. There are very small food shops 11 that mainly cater to Grenadians for lunch, but visitors are welcomed. These serve typical Grenadian lunches of rice, provisions, salad and meat (chicken, beef, fish, goat, lambi/conch) or roti (curried potatoes and meat). Below is a list of those that specialize in Grenadian cuisine.

Place Location Offerings BB’s Crabback Carenage, St. George’s High end Grenadian dishes Creole Shack Melville Street, St. George’s Low end Grenadian dishes Patrick’s Lagoon, St. George’s High end Grenadian dishes Belmont Estate Belmont, St. Patrick Creole restaurant Marketing & Importing Board Young Street, St. George’s Local breakfast/lunch; fruits/ vegetables Deyna’s Melville Street, St. George’s Local breakfast/lunch Little Dipper Restaurant Woburn, St. George Wonderful food with a local flair

6. What tourist information services exist at your destination? (That is, how do tourists learn about these assets and gain access to them?)

Service Location/ Producer Offerings/ Description References Grenada Tourism Authority Carenage, Provides information on all aspects of the Info Link St. George’s industry Grenada Tourism Authority Hillsborough, Carriacou Provides information on all aspects of the Info Link industry Hotels Grenada/ Carriacou Concierge Travel Agencies Grenada/ Carriacou Brochures Tour Operators Grenada/ Carriacou Information on heritage sites/ tours, etc. Info Link on Popular Tour Operators Magazines, etc. Discover Grenada, Carriacou & Petite Concepts Advertising Inc. Maps/ Places of interest/ In-depth stories/ Facebook Link Martinique magazine Heritage/ Food Lime and Dine magazine Grenada, Carriacou & Petite Martinique Dining Warren Associates Brief information on dinning in Grenada Link to Dining Guide Guide Publishing Grenada, Carriacou & Petite Martinique-The Government of Grenada Picture magazine on sites, events, diving, Spice of the Caribbean magazine yachting; other useful info for visitors Maps Grenada, Carriacou & Petite Martinique Road Map of Grenada, Carriacou, Petite Map & Guide by Spice Map Concepts Advertising Inc. Martinique & St. George’s Town showing heritage sites Grenada Road Map and Guide by Skyviews Map of Grenada, Carriacou, Petite skyviews.com Caribbean Map Publishers Martinique & St. George’s Town showing heritage sites, etc. Internet, etc. Pure Grenada – The Official Website of the Grenada Tourism Info Link GTA Authority Visitor information 12 TripAdvisor tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g147295-Grenada- Grenada Tourism (International) Visitor Reviews Vacations.html Grenada Explorer Private / Grenada Grenada Travel Guide grenadaexplorer.com/ Simply Carriacou Private / Carriacou Carriacou Travel Guide simplycarriacou.com/ iLandGuide Grenada Private / Grenada Digital Tourist Guide See iTunes, etc. Hotel and Tourism Association Private / Grenada Visitor information gogrenada.gd/ ghta.org/

7. Approximately how many people are employed within each of the heritage tourism areas mentioned above?

There is no reliable data available at present. We have requested information from the Ministry of Finance, Government of Grenada, but have not received the date to date. If we receive the information in due course we will forward to you.

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Recommendations of Tangible and Intangible Assets for Further Analyses

Asset Location Recommendation Comments Duquesne/Sauteurs/Mt. Create an Amerindian Due to the proximity of these Amerindian/archaeological sites, they present an Amerindian Heritage Rich, St. Patrick & Pearls, Heritage Trail linking these opportunity to protect them as well as provide income to members of the communities Sites St. Andrew sites through these poor surrounding them, many of which are poor. It is proposed that young people in these communities, which provide communities are trained to manage the sites and make replicas of the artifacts for sale, management and protection, thus generating income. The project will include the access/interpretation of the and create some income petroglyphs at Duquesne and Mt. Rich, St. Patrick, an interpretation center at Sauteurs, through selling of replicas and a small archaeological museum at Pearls. Possible assistance from NEXUS and and tours Leiden University. Carriacou Museum Hillsborough, Carriacou Assist in enhancing its The Carriacou Museum is under-accessed and a “hidden” gem in Carriacou. It can displays and better become the gateway to the island’s heritage sites and culture, including its role in a utilization of its small cultural center at Belair. It has a pretty efficient management, but lack technical space; create educational resources for the Museum. outreach Belair National Park Belair, Carriacou Assist in creating a cultural The Belair National Park is an historic and natural area on the slopes overlooking center at Belair Park that Hillsborough, Carriacou. Its presents a unique opportunity as a space to create a will preserve the unique cultural/research/performance center for the preservation and interpretation of the cultural heritage of cultural heritage of Carriacou and Petite Martinique. It would require a management Carriacou and Petite plan and the creation of a research/interpretation center. Assistance (materials) from Martinique Cultural Equity. Other heritage sites on the island can be linked to the center. Belmont Estate Belmont, St. Patrick Assist with the enhancement Most heritage institutions on the island has shied away from the discussion of slavery. of the Museum to more I believe that Belmont Estate is in a good position to explore the history of slavery in fully represent the history of Grenada and present in a way that is educational to both foreign and domestic visitors, the estate and create a more especially school children. appealing attraction for visitors and locals Diamond Chocolate Diamond, St. Mark Assist with developing its The Diamond Chocolate Factory recently came online and has not had the time to Factory heritage product: estate create its heritage product to capitalize on its long history of agriculture. Creating a history, cocoa, etc. heritage component will enhance its current business. Fedon’s Rebellion Trail Gouyave, St. John to Work with surrounding Fedon’s Rebellion was a pivotal event in its history and should take a primary role in Grenville, St. Andrew communities to create an any emphasis on heritage. The site of Fedon’s Camp overlooking Belvidere Estate and historical/nature trail the village of Morne Longue can be developed as an eco-historical site because it through Fedon’s Camp offers a unique history and breathtaking views from its heights. Local community members have attempted to organize, but have been unsuccessful to date. River Antoine Distillery River Antoine, St. Patrick Assist in enhancing its River Antoine has the basics and already receives thousands of visitors per year on visitor attraction, especially tour buses. The enhancement of its heritage product and gift shop will greatly increase its heritage aspect to create its appeal to visitors and income. increased income Tivoli Drummers Tivoli, St. Patrick Established for a number of The Tivoli Drummers regularly host drum festivals and monthly moonlight sessions; years, the Tivoli Drummers they are recognized as probably the best drumming group on the island. They are needs assistance to take the involved in teaching youth and seek to make Tivoli a cultural center for traditional group to the next level music on the island.

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2.1.2 Demand –Side Baseline

A baseline of the tourism market demand and its segments

How many tourists are received per year? Grenada received a total of 368,661 visitors via air and sea for the 12 month period, January to December 2014. This was an overall increase of 16.9% for the same period in 2013 when Grenada received 315,451. To put this overall figure into context, based on the same period for each year referenced; in 1999, Grenada received 378,952 remained over the 300k figure the following year, but dipped below that mark in years 2001, 2002 and 2003. In 2004 Grenada enjoyed a significant jump of 25.7% which saw 369,810. The year 2007 saw the first figures of 400k plus, with a high of 463,481 in 2009. Both years 2010 and 2011 delivered figures of over 400k plus before dipping back to 361,238 in 2012.

Fig 1. Compendium of annual visitor arrival statistics from 1999 to 2013 (Grenada Tourist Authority, March 2015)

A Compendium of Annual Statistics from 1999 to 2013 VISITOR ARRIVAL 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 METHODS By Air 114,540 118,426 111,876 121,074 133,724 127,904 93,633 113,480 124,747 125,075 109,408 105,419 113,947 112,357 112,777 By Sea 10,749 10,438 11,475 11,342 8,631 5,961 4,915 5,174 5,353 5,288 8,373 5,052 4,348 3,885 3,679 Total Stayover Arrivals 125,289 128,864 123,351 132,416 142,355 133,865 98,548 118,654 130,100 130,363 117,781 110,471 118,295 116,242 116,456 By Cruise Ship 245,461 180,305 147,381 135,061 146,925 229,800 274,956 218,647 270,323 292,712 342,871 335,029 309,564 242,757 197,309 Same Day Visitors 8,202 7,359 6,825 4,094 4,931 6,145 5,823 4,821 5,491 2,405 2,829 2,448 1,571 2,239 1,686 TOTAL 378,952 316,528 277,557 271,571 294,211 369,810 379,327 342,122 405,914 425,480 463,481 447,948 429,430 361,238 315,451

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Fig.2 Visitor Arrivals 2014

Arrival Mode: Jan -Dec 2014 Figure

By Air 133,521

By Sea 235,140 Total 368,661

The stayover figure (arrivals by air) for the period January to December 2014 was 133,521. (This is taken from air travel arrivals as this is the principle method of arrival for overnight stays). This is an increase of 18.4% in comparison to 2013. (Grenada Tourist Authority, March 2015). This stayover figure can be further segmented as shown in the table to the left: Fig.3 Stayover Arrivals 2014 by visitor type

Visitor Type Figure

Tourists 109,132

Grenadians residing abroad 16,178

Students 8,211

Total 133,521

The cruise ship arrivals figure for the period January to December 2014 was 235,140*. This is an increase of 19.2% in comparison to 2013. The season runs continuously between the months of October to April in the following calendar year. Therefore, the figures above reflect January-April 2014 and October-December 2014. Fig.1 shows the annual trends between 1999 - 2013.

* Source: Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), 2014 Tourism Review Document

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Are there seasonal fluctuations? As previously stated the cruise ship season runs continuously between the months of October to April in the following calendar year. This is considered to be the visitor high season, due to the boost in one day visitations (235,140). However, stayover arrivals are relatively stable all year round, with a monthly average for the year 2014 of 11,127 visitors which includes students and returning Grenadians. This figure is significantly up on 2013 due to the official opening of the world renowned ‘Sandals Resort Hotel’ with increased room stock and expansion of university intake at SGU. Another factor which can not be excluded is a return in consumer confidence due to global economic recovery, which has seen more people traveling to the region. August is a high point for Air travelers as carnival season sees many overseas based Grenadians come home to celebrate. Also, students start or return for a new term.

Fig.4a Monthly Tourist stayover arrivals (2013/2014) Fig.4b Monthly Student stayover arrivals (2013/2014)

Visitor Type 2013 2014 % Change Visitor Type 2013 2014 % Change Tourists 90,994 109,132 19.93% Students 6,827 8,211 20.27% January 9,024 9,930 10.04% January 2,876 3,220 11.96% February 9,266 9,663 4.28% February 108 150 38.89% March 9,491 10,077 6.17% March 128 247 92.97% April 6,563 9,187 39.98% April 168 253 50.6% May 5,270 7,757 47.19% May 43 69 60.47% June 5,900 7,365 24.83% June 575 762 32.52% July 8,747 9,934 13.57% July 140 243 73.57% August 8,793 10,241 16.47% August 2,573 2,721 5.75% September 5,168 6,980 35.06% September 55 90 63.64% October 6,621 9,122 37.77% October 123 324 163.41% November 6,677 8,961 34.21% November 24 88 266.67% December 9,474 9,915 4.65% December 14 44 214.29%

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Fig.4c Monthly Grenadians residing abroad stayover arrivals (2013/2014)

Visitor Type 2013 2014 % Change Grenadians 14,991 16,178 7.92% Residing Abroad

January 828 901 8.82%

February 905 901 -0.44%

March 1,131 1,191 5.31%

April 1,023 1,446 41.35% May 797 920 15.43% June 992 1,291 30.14% July 2,226 2,331 4.72% August 2,064 2,019 -2.18% September 908 895 -1.43% October 1,064 1,195 12.31% November 918 1,024 11.55% December 2,135 2,064 -3.33%

How long do they stay at the destination? Figure 5 below, not only shows the average length of stay but also captures cruise ship and yacht calls and visitors to Carriacou. Whilst, there is encouragement in the steady rise in average length of stay from 7.32 days in 1999 to 9.12 days in 2013, the figures that really jump out are the reduction in cruise ship calls, which in 1999 were at a high of 369 decreasing drastically to 144 in 2013. Similar drop offs can be seen with yacht calls at 5,354 in 1999 down to 3,650 in 2013, whilst visitors to Carriacou dropped from 6,718 in 1999 t0 1,747 in 2013. (Grenada Tourist Authority)

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Fig.5 Hotel stay, cruise ship calls, yacht calls and Carriacou visitors 1999 -2013

VISITOR ARRIVAL 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 METHODS Cruiseship Calls 369 360 288 259 267 249 260 221 259 221 246 207 198 185 144 Yacht Calls 5,354 5,361 5,610 3,966 4,157 3,177 3,612 3,944 3,924 4,318 4,299 4,940 4,936 3,650

Visitors to Carriacou 6,718 5,464 6,887 5,408 5,132 4,153 3,177 3,098 2,624 3,015 2,738 2,790 2,062 2,098 1,747

Hotel Occupancy 64.77 71 67 71 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Visitor Rooms Available 1,800 1,822 1,734 1,734 1,758 860 1,628 1,584 1,701 1,833 1,937 1,937 1,889 1,889 1,967

Average Length of Stay 7.32 7.2 7.23 7.32 7.65 7.53 7.42 7.63 8.69 8.45 8.33 8.27 8.21 9.08 9.12

Students (SGU) 1,953 3,427 4,155 4,342 4,672 5,863 5,795 6,068 6,829 7,037 7,034 6,978 7,139 6,861

Who are the tourists? That is, can you provide both demographic data and descriptive profiles/personae of major segments of

tourists? To attempt to start answering the above question let us begin by quoting from an interview conducted by Skift—largest industry

intelligence and marketing platform in travel, providing news, information, data and services to all sectors of the world’s largest industry—with Rudy Grant, CEO, Grenada Tourist Authority. (June 9th, 2014)

Rudy Grant: “presently the GTA is engaged in an exercise where we will be able to tell you exactly who is a Grenadian visitor. We

have a lot of data, and we are using that data to identify exactly where our visitors come from, to identify exactly the age group. We have found out that an increasing number of visitors are coming from an area like California. California doesn’t have direct air lift. The traditional thinking is that people like to fly point to point. But most of it is coming through Miami. But we are looking at what is the real message from that as to why we are seeing increasing numbers of persons coming from California.”

Skift: “And what about the demographics? Is it younger people or older people? ”

Rudy Grant: “Older people, 40-plus, the majority of our visitors are in that age group, mid-40s to 60, with a significant percentage over 60, as well. We are looking to target those persons who are very tech-savvy because there is the type of visitor who doesn’t use anything but technology. Our marketing budget is very limited. The country is going through a home-grown structural adjustment

program. We want to better utilize public relations, better utilize social media tools in order to reach our target.”

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The profiling that Mr. Grant refers to has as yet not been made public and the capacity of the GTA to analyse and create accurate profiles is unknown. However, one of the consistent observations over the time that Grenada has turned to being a tourism led as opposed to agriculture led economy is that Grenada does appeal to the older (40+) and senior visitor, seeking a more sedate Caribbean experience. These folks, tend to put sun, relaxation and safety in tranquil surroundings at the top of their list. They are not looking for the party or carnival experience. They enjoy places of natural beauty. The other niche segments that has seen Grenada grow in appeal are by activities such as diving, yachting and Caribbean wedding parties. Individual profiling of these persons has not been compiled in any meaningful way that distinct demographics can be gaged.

Where do tourists come from? The graphic below (Fig. 6) highlights Grenada’s main markets.

Fig.6 2014 Arrivals by main markets (Source: Grenada Tourist Authority)

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The table below (Fig. 7) highlights Grenada’s arrival performance in main markets going back to 1999 up to 2013. Source: Grenada Tourist Authority. Fig.7 Arrivals by main markets 1999-2013 (Source: Grenada Tourist Authority)

% Change (All visitors) -3.25% -16.47% -12.31% -2.16% 8.34% 25.7% 2.57% -9.81% 18.65% 4.82% 8.93% -3.35% -4.13% -15.88% -12.68% USA 34,694 32,541 32,219 36,508 35,191 30,127 25,181 27,127 27,352 26,535 25,984 26,067 28,714 31,661 35,904 Canada 6,136 4,849 5,442 4,684 5,599 5,309 4,341 6,335 6,067 7,100 7,194 7,322 7,490 8,065 9,861 United Kingdom 26,234 32,236 28,488 29,760 33,286 28,232 15,605 25,042 33,978 35,439 27,716 26,612 27,828 24,958 21,025 Germany 4,319 4,586 3,665 2,981 3,533 2,701 2,809 2,597 2,737 3,183 2,698 2,621 2,347 1,497 941 Other Europe 10,078 9,547 8,029 6,227 6,324 5,244 3,970 4,895 5,371 6,022 5,676 6,153 6,060 6,352 5,282 Caribbean 21,998 23,774 27,160 32,303 38,396 40,064 28,067 30,927 29,054 30,377 26,483 24,201 27,284 25,485 25,025 Grenadians Residing 18,339 18,068 14,956 14,836 16,715 19,076 15,907 18,400 19,540 17,104 13,887 13,497 14,891 14,774 14,994 Abroad All Others 3,491 3,263 3,392 5,117 3,311 3,112 2,668 3,331 6,001 4,603 4,276 3,998 3,681 3,450 3,424 TOTAL 125,289 128,864 123,351 132,416 142,355 133,865 98,548 118,654 130,100 130,363 113,914 110,471 118,295 116,242 116,456 % Change (Stayover 8.2% 2.85% -4.28% 7.35% 7.51% -5.96% -26.38% 20.4% 9.65% 0.2% -12.62% -3.02% 7.08% -1.74% 0.18% Arrivals)

How much do they spend and what do they purchase? The table below (Fig.8) shows a significant drop in expenditure since 1999 when annual returns were at EC$458,103,562.00 compared to EC$327,471,367.24 in 2013. The higher performance levels being enjoyed pre-Hurricane Ivan in 2004. Since that time the levels of performance have not returned. Several reasons standout as factors. The first being the halving of cruise ships in 2013 compared to 1999. The second being, the reduction in available room stock due to the devastation of Hurricane Ivan. Thirdly, and in more recent time, the lack in consumer confidence following the well documented global recession. Fourth, the heavy bias towards the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, , China and South Africa) regions which have been promoted aggressively in key markets. Fifth, the UK imposed air travel taxes for Caribbean destinations. Last but not least, is vendor capability, as in comparison to 1999, travelers carry far less cash with them and prefer to make card transactions, a service that the majority of vendors do not provide. Therefore, tuning potential buyers into browsers. These and other factors have contributed to the low expenditure figures.

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Fig.8 Visitor Expenditure 1999-2013 (Source: Grenada Tourist Authority)

Annual Breakdown of Visitor Expenditure 1999 - 2013

Year Cruise Passengers Stayover Arrivals Same Day Arrivals Total Visitor Expenditure

1999 $19,636,880.00 $437,925,350.00 $541,332.00 $458,103,562.00

2000 $14,424,400.00 $466,041,214.00 $1,177,440.00 $481,643,054.00

2001 $11,790,480.00 $427,147,840.00 $1,092,000.00 $440,030,320.00

2002 $10,804,880.00 $457,671,194.00 $626,720.00 $469,102,794.00

2003 $11,754,000.00 $457,760,388.00 $788,960.00 $470,303,348.00

2004 $18,384,000.00 $339,379,644.00 $983,200.00 $358,746,844.00

2005 $22,006,560.00 $231,995,508.00 $931,680.00 $254,933,748.00

2006 $17,491,760.00 $291,445,536.00 $771,360.00 $309,708,656.00

2007 $21,625,840.00 $319,285,481.00 $871,680.00 $341,783,001.00

2008 $23,416,960.00 $317,926,215.00 $390,880.00 $341,734,055.00

2009 $38,176,570.00 $274,233,146.00 $370,599.00 $312,780,315.00

2010 $37,111,953.00 $264,029,004.00 $320,688.00 $301,461,645.00

2011 $34,469,951.00 $281,114,404.00 $205,801.00 $315,790,156.00

2012 $25,402,092.00 $305,507,922.00 $244,051.00 $331,154,065.00

2013p $20,646,309.00 $306,604,192.24 $220,866.00 $327,471,367.24

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In regards to what they spend money on, information was requested but not provided, therefore the main assumption and observation is that Grenada will be similar to other Caribbean Islands, where accommodation tops the list, followed by car hire, mini-bus tours and dining out. Figures for merchandise are not provided, but the choices are the usual Asia produced T-Shirts, key rings, flags and ornaments. Local spice baskets are popular but not all destinations let you take them out.

How do tourists arrive and move around the destination? Where do they go afterwards? Grenada, Carriacou and Petit Martinique are reached by Air and Sea (see Fig. 1). Carriacou is accessed by plane or boat from mainland Grenada, whilst Petit Martinique is reached by boat. The vast majority of visitors move around by a combination of organised minibus tours, private vehicle rental and to a lesser extent local buses. Most places that are of general public interest are accessible by road. However, for the more adventurous eco-tourist there are plenty of bush trails that go deep into the mountains and reveal a array of waterfalls, springs and other natural places of interest. Exit data, if it exists, is not shared, so understanding where visitors go next is not formally available. The assumption is, that as most stayover visitors usually come on long-haul flights they probably return home. The Eastern Caribbean in general, does not tend to attract in any notable number, the island hopper type tourist (Aussie backpacker type). This is primarily due to the high costs of moving from island to island as LIAT (the dominant regional carrier) has a monopoly. There is also no organised boat service between islands, which would open up many opportunities.

What are there motivations for coming? What do they want to experience, and how do they learn about the destination, its values, and the host community? Methods for capturing customer centric data in Grenada, has been and remains extremely poor, which makes answering these critical questions difficult. The ad-hoc research that has been conducted by partnering representatives in main markets have pointed to the fact that travelers who choose Grenada, do so because of a word-of-mouth experience, which can come from Grenadians living abroad or holiday makers who have tried the Island. There is very little evidence that audience has been attracted through the mediums of traditional advertising. When reviewed by the travel press, Grenada does very well, with its beaches, people, tropical beauty and safety coming out as main factors, to give it a try. In recent times, social media and online mediums have definitely been Grenada’s best recruitment tool as visitors share their experiences through platforms such as trip advisor and expedia. Whilst, many of these reviews comment on the accommodation and service received, the commentary about the actual destination is generally extremely complementary and encouraging. In respect of motivations for coming, again from the limited feedback, a safe and relaxing destination that’s away from the party lights seems to be a key motivator, as Grenada’s appeal does seem to be to an older audience.

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Are visitors satisfied with their experiences? Visitors are not drawn to the islands in general for a particular experience (except for the niches of dive and yachting) and are usually taken back by the multi-dimensional experience that unfolds. Almost, like a best kept secret. A brief look at the thousands of reviews on Trip Adviser http://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g147295-Grenada-Vacations.html, validate this, with visitors expressing the breadth of their experiences, making the satisfaction indicator high.

Is the tourism market demand growing or declining (if possible, break down by segment)? How does the destination perform relative to other comparable destinations (if possible, break down by segment)?

To answer both questions above, we have taken extracts from the Caribbean Tourist Organization’s, 2014 Tourism Review as their tables and narrative succinctly address the questions and Grenada’s performance is highlighted several times. Also, having a perspective as to where the Caribbean fits on the global stage is extremely valuable.

Before we get to the extracts, as an added narrative on Grenada, it should be noted that the new brand positioning “Pure Grenada” is still in its infancy and lacks the financing that is necessary to achieve consistent market visibility when rebranding. Whilst, demand does appear to be on the increase, this is more likely to be because of consumer confidence returning, rather than the influence of rebranding. Room stock and limited airlift are also factors that can adversely effect demand. In terms of segmentation by activity, the data that exists is again limited to the point that patterns can not be defined. The importance of capturing such data at the vendor end, is not valued or reinforced.

Extracts from 2014 Tourism Review (CTO)

1. Global Performance In the latest release1 of the World Tourism Barometer, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) noted that in the first ten months, the number of international tourists grew by 4.7% to 978 million. In absolute terms that would be some 45 million tourists more than in the same period of 2013. In the most recent press release, it was disclosed that a new record (1.1 billion international arrivals worldwide) was achieved for 2014, a year which was plagued by feeble growth in the world economy. By region, the Americas lead growth with its highest recorded growth rate (7.8%) since 2010. This performance was four times better than the annual average between 2005 and 2013 and doubled the projected performance for 2014. Asia and the Pacific, the fastest growing region in recent times, enjoyed a 5.0% increase while Europe and The Middle East grew at 4.0%. Africa saw a 2.6% rise in tourist arrivals, no doubt

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hampered by the Ebola outbreak. Reflecting the resurging demand for leisure travel, arrivals to the Caribbean grew by 5.4% outpacing the average global growth rate, during the period.

2. Caribbean Performance 2.1. Tourist (Stop-Over) Arrivals Following on from the three previous quarters, demand continued to be strong throughout the fourth quarter such that each month rose on average 4.9%. This also meant there was a credible performance in the summer2 period; arrivals grew by 5.6% compared to 2.9% during the previous summer. (See Figure 2.1.1 & 2.1.2).

Tourist arrivals to the Caribbean region grew at a faster rate than expected in 2014. Preliminary data for the year indicates that the fifth successive annual increase in tourist arrivals was estimated at 5.3%, well above the expected 2% to 3% growth. This performance produced a record number of trips (26.3 million) which was 1.3 million more than the previous record of a year earlier. Consequently, the region maintained its share (2.3%) of global arrivals.

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CTO tracks arrival data from 33 different Caribbean destinations of which 28 have reported data on arrivals during the year. Of these, 24 reported increases in arrivals, two more than at the end of the third quarter. Several of the largest destinations by market share including Dominican Republic, , Jamaica and Aruba (accounting for 45% of total arrivals) set individual records during the year. Moreover, Aruba’s arrivals exceeded the 1 million mark for the first time. The smaller destinations by market share of Belize, Haiti and also registered record levels of stay-over arrivals (See Appendix for details). The top five performing destinations in tourist arrivals growth of Turks & Caicos Islands (40.6%), Grenada (18.4%), (13.5%), (10.8%) and Haiti (10.8%) registered double-digit increases (See Figure 2.1.3 for more details). Some of the contributing factors to the successes were increased airline seat capacity, improved airport facilities to accommodate larger aircrafts and more passengers, increased room stock as recognized hotel chains established themselves in the destinations and launched new initiatives in the marketplaces to attract more tourists.

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The Dutch Caribbean, boosted by the performances in Aruba (9.5%) and St. Maarten (7.3%), saw the highest growth among the sub- regions with a 6.8% increase in arrivals. This was followed by the Other Caribbean Countries (6.4%) and the US Territories (5.7%). All other regions contributed positively to the overall growth with smaller rates. Those regions with growth rates higher than the regional average had marginal increases in their shares of total arrivals. The converse was true for those with lower growth rates. (See Figure 2.1.4 & Table 2.1.1).

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Tourists from the traditional markets to the Caribbean came in larger numbers in 2014. The Canadian market improved the most, followed by the US market. (See Table 2.1.2 & Figure 2.1.5). Outbound travel from the to international destinations increased by 6.2% and to the Caribbean3 by 9.6% by the end of November, according to data from the Office of Travel & Tourism Industries (OTTI)4. Data collected from Caribbean destinations showed that the region received an estimated 12.9 million tourists from its main supplier (49.1% of total tourist arrivals) of tourism business. This was an increase of 5.5% over 2013 which had grown by 2.3%.

Not only did the usual destinations (Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, the Bahamas and Jamaica) receive the bulk (56.1% of the total

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market) of the visitors but they were also among the 14 destinations to have received more American tourists. Grenada (20.6%), Dominican Republic (12.4%), Saint Lucia (11.2%), Montserrat (11.2%) and Suriname (9.2%) topped the performances.

After a marginal performance in 2013, the Canadian market which accounted for about 12.3% of total arrivals rallied to post a 5.7% increase, as more overseas trips5 were taken by Canadians. This translated to 3.2 million tourists coming to the Caribbean from this market. Cuba and Dominican Republic continued to be the most popular destinations for Canadians hosting of 57.9% of the Caribbean total. However, the highest growth rates of Canadian arrivals were experienced by Grenada (46.8%), Curacao (29.7%), St. Kitts & (26.9%), Montserrat (20.1%) and The Bahamas (17.7%). In fact, they were among the 12 destinations recording growth in

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market and the seven (7) with double-digit increases. Nine (9) destinations however failed to see growth in this market during the year. These declines varied between -0.1% and -12.1% (See Appendix for further details).

The European market finished the year on a high note as in the final quarter arrivals increased by 3.7%. This growth, coupled with that in the previous quarters, meant that arrivals rose by 4.6% to tally 5.0 million, a first since 2008. Only three destinations recorded declines in arrivals levels during the year. Cayman Islands (30.9%), Belize (20.8%) and Grenada (17.9%) lead the destinations with increases. These good results were also reflected in tourist arrivals originating from United Kingdom (3.2%) and Germany (21.0%) Demand for intra-regional travel to the OECS remained depressed for the most of 2014. Preliminary estimates suggest that this market segment contracted by 3.1% among the OECS countries. However, when all Caribbean countries are considered the performance in 2014 is better than that of 2013. Estimated Total arrivals were 1.6 million, 4.8% more than last year. Among the better performances were Dominican Republic (30.9%) and (8.6%).

2.2. Caribbean Performance - Cruise Activity The estimated total number of cruise passenger arrivals in the region was 23.9 million, an increase of 8% when compared to 2013. The monthly performances in 2014 were better than the corresponding performances in 2013 with the exception of December which contracted. It should be noted that not all destinations would have provided the December in time for this report. (Refer to Table2.2.1 and Figure 2.2.1).

Of the 24 destinations reporting data, 21 destinations achieved increases, 14 of which achieved double-digit increases. Martinique (71.3%), Belize (42.9%), Trinidad & Tobago (30.1%), Turks & Caicos (24.8%) and Dominica (24.3%) were top five performing destinations. By market share, The Bahamas, Cozumel, US Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and St. Maarten are the top five destinations (See Figure 2.2.2 & Figure 2.2.2). With the expansion in cruise business to Belize, Cayman Islands, Cozumel, Jamaica and Turks & Caicos Islands, the Western Caribbean is now the largest sub-region for cruise passenger arrivals having displaced the Eastern Caribbean from this position. The islands of the Southern Caribbean did regain some of the capacity which it had lost during

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the period of high cost fuel (See Figure 2.2.4).

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5. Visitor Expenditure Most of the destinations do not produce monthly estimates of visitor expenditure and annual compilation of this indicator normally lags that of other indicators. However, previous results from Visitor Exit Surveys (VES) indicate that accommodations account for a significant portion of the money spent by tourists in the destinations. Available data suggest that the average length of stay in the region moved slightly from 7.2 nights in 2013 to an estimated 7.3 nights in 2014 and average daily expenditure expanded moderately. Noting also that the room revenues increased (refer to Table 3.1) and arrivals also went up (refer to Tables 2.1.2 and 2.2.1), expenditure will surpassed the 2013 level of US$28.1 billion to reach an estimated at US$29.5 billion, a 5.0% rise. 6. Outlook and Conclusion Globally, the cost fuel declined significantly in the last quarter of 2014 and is expected to decline further in 2015, which should eventually reduce the cost of travel leading to an increase the demand for travel. This is further supported by increasing economic activity in North America and U.K., though tempered by anaemic economic growth in rest of Europe. Additionally, many destinations have negotiated additional new routes with the airlines to increase seat capacity during the year, which should lead to higher demand for Caribbean vacations. At the same time, hotel brands, such as Sandals and Baha Mar, are making substantial investments bringing new rooms to the market, indicating rising confidence in the industry. Consequently, the outlook for tourist arrivals to the Caribbean is cautiously optimistic - a further 4%-5% increase in arrivals is expected. The downside risks of a potential Ebola outbreak in our main source markets and the current Chikungunya outbreak in the region reducing the demand for Caribbean vacations have all dissipated somewhat, due to significant reduction in the rate of infections in the last quarter of 2014. However, the risk of the threat of ISIS, disrupting international air travel, remains small but persistent. As it relates to cruise passenger arrival numbers, the outlook is less optimistic. While the Caribbean will remain the number one cruise destination worldwide, it is expected to see a small decline in capacity as ships are again being repositioned away from the region, according to 2015-2016 Cruise Industry News Annual Report. For this reason, no significant growth in cruise passenger arrivals is expected this year. Of course the performance will vary from country to country.

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37 2.1.3 Enabling Environment

Acronyms

ACS Association of Caribbean States

CANARI Caribbean Natural Resources Institute

CCI Caribbean Challenge Initiative

DFIDC Department for International Development Caribbean

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EPA Environmental Protection Area

HPA Heritage Protection Area

ICCROM International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property

ICOM International Council of Museums

ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites

IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature

MPA Marine Protected Area

NAWASA National Water and Sewerage Authority

NHP National Heritage Protection Act

NPPA National Parks and Protected Areas Act

OAS Organization of American States

OECS Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States

PPDC Physical Planning and Development Control Act

SIDS Small Island Developing States

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38 TNC The Nature Conservancy

UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization

OAS Baseline Inventory of Heritage Laws,

Policies, Public Initiatives and Key Stakeholders

Introduction

The purpose of this baseline inventory is to identify and assess the components of the heritage tourism framework in Grenada, Carriacou and Petit Martinique, specifically, the policies, laws, public initiatives and key stakeholders relevant to the success of heritage tourism market growth and the simultaneous management and protection of national heritage assets.1

Heritage in this context encompasses all four major categories of heritage: immoveable heritage (i.e. buildings, sites, and landscapes), moveable heritage (i.e. artifacts, documents, and archival material), intangible cultural heritage (i.e. performing arts, traditions, and rituals), and natural heritage.2 Laws and policies therefore address a range of subjects, including:

● those concerning protected areas, parks, sites, and monuments ● those concerning architecture, planning, and development ● those concerning archaeological excavations and mitigation, including shipwrecks ● those concerning archives and archival materials ● those concerning museums and collections ● those concerning rights of Indigenous peoples ● those concerning fragile environments, especially marine and coastal resources ● those concerning endangered species of flora and fauna ● those concerning trademarks, sales, and promotion of cultural products and festivals ● those concerning copyrights and patents ● those concerning fiscal incentives ● specific international conventions regarding the protection of heritage3

1 OAS/Coherit. 2015. Deliverables Guide: A Sustainable Heritage Endorsement Programme, St George Parish, Grenada. 2 See OAS/Coherit. 2013. Caribbean Heritage Survey Analysis: Regional Needs and Opportunities to Support Cultural Heritage Protection. 3 Ibid. 2

39 Preparing the inventory involved identifying all such laws and policies with relevance to heritage. A desktop review of laws and policies was conducted to assess the responsiveness of the underlying framework in meeting the challenges that arise in heritage management. Specifically, the main laws were analysed in terms of their scope, powers, institutional arrangements, and regulatory capacity. Interviews with key heritage personnel in government provided information on heritage tourism initiatives (past, present and proposed) in Grenada, as well as the main heritage stakeholders, supplemented by telephone and internet research. Gaps and conflicts were noted and form the basis of recommendations in the concluding section.

To this end, section 1 of this inventory contains in tabular format, the policies and laws that underpin the heritage framework:

- Table 1 identifies all national policies pertinent to heritage management in Grenada.

- Table 2 provides an overview of international legal obligations and notes which heritage conventions Grenada is party to.

- Table 3 lists all national laws that establish a relationship, direct or otherwise, with heritage resources, including those regulating the tourism industry.

Section 2 describes the main heritage policies and laws and identifies any gaps in the legislation that establish institutional arrangements for managing heritage as well as those that affect enforcement of these laws.

Section 3 notes the main heritage tourism related initiatives in Grenada and their status (past, present and proposed).

Section 4 summarizes recommendations concerning the enforcement capacity of heritage actors and any areas where coordination of stakeholders can be improved.

Finally, Section 5 lists relevant stakeholders involved in heritage management in Grenada.

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SECTION 1 Grenada developed its National Cultural Policy in 2014. The Policy establishes a broad framework for heritage management in Grenada. A number of other policies relating to tourism, agriculture, biodiversity and community enhancement also have implications for heritage management and are listed in Table 1.

Table 1: Overview of Plans and Policies Pertaining to Heritage in Grenada

No Title Year Purpose and relevance to heritage 1 Grenada Cultural Policy 2014 Positions heritage at the centre of development through the enhancement of culture and creative industries. Establishes links with other policies, the community, especially youth, identifies infrastructure needs and programmes for developing heritage in Grenada. 2 Coastal Zone Management Policy 2014 Management of resources, activities and threats in the coastal zone, (draft) including climate change (natural, cultural, underwater heritage). 3 Tourism Policy Framework for 2010 Vision for restructuring tourism industry in Grenada. Promotes tourism Grenada development in an environmentally sustainable manner. Diversification of tourism to include ecotourism. 4 Grenada Board of Tourism Strategic 2011 Calls for restructuring of the sector to be more environmentally efficient. Plan 2011-2014 5 Food and Nutrition Policy and Plan of 2007 Protects traditional knowledge of plants (natural heritage). Action 2007 (draft) 6 Food and Nutrition Security Policy 2013 Food security, sustainable agriculture, disaster management (natural 2013 heritage). 7 Grenada Gender Equality Policy and 2014 Addresses preservation of natural heritage and its role in development Action Plan (GEPAP) 2014-2024 for women and youth. 8 Action Plan for Implementing the 2012 For national implementation of the CBD’s Programme of Work on Convention on Biological Diversity’s Protected Areas, and in fulfilment of the Caribbean Challenge. Programme of Work on Protected Conducted Willingness to Pay Study and Economic Valuation of Areas (PoWPA) - Grenada Protected Areas. 9 Comprehensive Disaster Management 2014 Does not explicitly refer to heritage but links CDM to national Policy and Strategy 2015-2019 (draft) development decision-making and planning. 10 National Environmental Policy and 2005 Framework for implementing the OECS St George’s Declaration of Management Strategy Principles of Environmental Sustainability. 11 National Forestry Policy and Action 2000 Supports ecosystem maintenance and sustainable management of Plan forestry in Grenada. 12 National Agricultural Policy 2006 Developed in response to Hurricane Ivan to promote sustainable agriculture (intangible and natural heritage). 13 Grenada Nutmeg Sector Development 2010 Developed for sustainable management of this main sub-sector (natural Strategy 2010-2015 and intangible heritage). 14 National Water Policy 2007 Sustainable management of water and watersheds (can impact heritage sites and objects). 15 National Climate Change Policy and 2007 Indirectly supports protection of coral reefs and sustainable livelihoods Action Plan 2007-2011 through coastal zone management. 16 National Energy Policy of Grenada 2011 Supports ecosystem maintenance while promoting a low carbon development strategy. 17 Land and Marine Management 2011 Strategy used mainly for management of MPAs, which encompass Strategy natural and cultural heritage. 18 Grenada Waste Management Strategy 2003 Provides support to environmental health and functioning ecosystems. 19 Grenada 2014-2018: Growth and 2014 Government strategy for reducing poverty, includes community Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS) enhancement and promotion of sustainable livelihoods often tied to mainly natural and intangible heritage. 20 An Alternative Growth and Poverty 2012 NGO strategy for reducing poverty by promoting sustainable 4

41 Reduction Strategy for Grenada livelihoods; augments GPRS. 21 Grenada Strategic Plan for 2006 Educational strategy that includes some environmental education at all Educational Enhancement 2006-2015 levels. Possible entry point for heritage: social studies curriculum. 22 Carriacou Roadmap for a Green 2012 Contains project proposals for supporting a green economy in Carriacou Economy (linked to natural and cultural sites). 23 National Climate Change Policy and 2007 Indirectly supports protection of coral reefs and sustainable livelihoods Action Plan 2007-2011 through coastal zone management.

International law contains a number of treaties that relate directly and indirectly to protection and regulation of heritage resources. Table 2 lists the main conventions, and indicates the status of each in Grenada (date it became party or whether it is still non-party (NP)).

Table 2: Overview of International Conventions relating to Cultural and Natural Heritage in Grenada

No Title of Convention Year Purpose and relevance to cultural and Grenada natural heritage became party 1 Convention concerning the Protection of the 13/08/98 Cultural and natural heritage. World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention) 2 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater 15/01/09 Includes protection for shipwrecks and Cultural Heritage 2001 underwater artefacts. 3 Convention for the Safeguarding of the 15/01/09 Intangible cultural heritage, copyright, Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003 traditional knowledge 4 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of 15/01/09 Copyright and Related Rights the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. (Neighboring Rights), Traditional Cultural Expressions 5 Convention on Wetlands of International 22/09/12 Protection of coastal ecosystems. Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar) 6 Convention on Biological Diversity 11/8/94 Protection of biodiversity. 7 United Nations Framework Convention on 11/08/94 Aims to minimize the effects of Climate Change anthropogenic climate change 8 United Nations Convention to Combat 15/05/97 Promotes sustainable land management. Desertification 9 Convention on International Trade in 30/08/99 Ensures that international trade in Endangered Species specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild, and it accords varying degrees of protection. 10 International Plant Protection Convention 27/11/ 85 Protection of genetic resources from pests. 11 United Nations Convention for the Law of the 25/04/91 Governs the use and management of the Sea world’s oceans.

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42 12 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the 05/02/04 Seeks to protect biological diversity from Biodiversity Convention the potential risks posed by genetically modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology. 13 Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit sharing NP Enforcement of IP and Related Laws, to the Biodiversity Convention Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge (TK), Transfer of Technology. 14 Cartagena Convention for the Protection and 17/08/87 This regional environmental convention Development of the Marine Environment of the provides the legal framework for Wider Caribbean Region cooperative regional and national actions in the Wider Caribbean Region. 15 Oil Spills Protocol to the Cartagena Convention 17/08/87 Strengthens national and regional preparedness and response capacity of the nations to prevent major oil spill accidents. 16 Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas NP Protects, preserves and manages in a and Wildlife to the Cartagena Convention sustainable way: areas and ecosystems of special value, threatened or endangered species of flora and fauna and their habitats, and species. 17 Land Based Sources of Pollution Protocol to the 4/04/12 Focuses on addressing the sources of Cartagena Convention pollution and includes the promotion of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). 18 Inter-American Convention for the Protection NP Framework for protection of turtle species and Conservation of Sea Turtles found within the Americas. 19 Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife NP Promotes the use of parks and reserves to Preservation in the Western Hemisphere protect exceptional scenery and flora and fauna. 20 Additional Protocol to the American Convention NP Enhances the inter-American human on Human Rights in the area of Economic, Social rights system by enshrining protection of and Cultural Rights (San Salvador Protocol) so-called second-generation rights in the economic, social, and cultural spheres. 21 International Covenant on Economic, Social and 6/09/91 Article 15 of the Covenant recognises the Cultural Rights right of everyone to participate in cultural life, enjoy the benefits of scientific progress, and to benefit from the protection of the moral and material rights to any scientific discovery or artistic work they have created. It thus requires parties to respect the right of authors to be recognised as the creator of a work. Parties must also work to promote the conservation, development and diffusion of science and culture. 22 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic NP Addresses traditional knowledge and Pollutants environmental impacts.

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43 23 ACS Convention establishing the Sustainable NP Establishes 14 indicators for a sustainable Tourism Zone of the Caribbean tourism zone including environmental management, water quality, energy consumption and waste management. These indicators are used to evaluate destinations for inclusion in the zone. Currently only countries from the Greater Caribbean belong to this zone. 24 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary 22/06/98 International agreement covering and Artistic Works copyright. 25 UNESCO Convention on the Means of NP Outlines system for protecting and Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, regulating trade of cultural artefacts, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural including import and export controls, and Property 1970 provides for the recovery of cultural property.

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Table 3 contains national laws relating to heritage tourism. The table divides the laws into categories for ‘cultural and natural heritage’, ‘tourism’ and ‘creative industry’.

Table 3: Overview of laws relating to cultural and natural heritage, tourism and intellectual property in Grenada

Cultural and Natural Heritage Title Year Summary of law Architects (Registration) Act 2014 Regulates architects in Grenada. Includes a Code of Ethics for Architects, article 15 of which addresses conservation and enhancement of the natural and cultural environment. Birds and Other Wildlife Act 1957, Protects selected bird species as well as fish, amended lobsters, turtle and oysters via the use of closed 1964, seasons. There are restrictions on size and weight 1980, of hunted species, as well as on methods used. 1990 There is absolute protection for turtles and turtle eggs on land. Botanical Gardens Act 1968 Provides for the management and upkeep of botanical gardens. Engineers (Registration) Act 2014 Regulates professional engineering in Grenada. Includes a Code of Ethics, article 3 of which addresses environmental safety and protection of the public. Fisheries Act 1986 Part III of the Act provides for conservation in the form of marine protected areas, which can include underwater and natural heritage. MPAs may also encompass coastal land. There are prohibitions on fishing gear and fishing methods within these designated areas. Forest, Soil and Water Conservation 1967 Provides for protected areas, such as forest reserves Act amended and protected forests (private lands), and to create 1984 buffers for disaster risk management. Grand Etang Forest Reserve Act 1906 Establishes a forest reserve to protect forest growth and water supply.

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45 National Heritage Protection Act 1990, Provides for the protection of Amerindian art work amended and Pre-Columbian artefacts and archaeological 2009 remains. National Parks and Protected Areas Act 1991, Establishes a National Parks System of Parks and amended Protected Areas, and attendant institutional 2009 arrangements for administration and maintenance of the system. National Trust Act 1967 The Trust is responsible for providing guidance on preservation, via the preservation of historic properties and marine areas, maintaining a register of buildings and monuments of historic or architectural interest, as well as areas of natural beauty, establishing museums, promoting the value of heritage to the public, and fundraising to support these functions. National Water and Sewerage 1990 Provides for watershed protection. Authority Act Physical Planning and Development 2002, Empowers the Planning and Development Control Act amended Authority to protect natural and cultural heritage, to 2007 act as the national service for the identification, protection, conservation and rehabilitation of the natural and cultural heritage of Grenada in accordance with the World Heritage Convention. Plant Protection Act 1986, Speaks only to pest control for plants important to amended agriculture. 2005 Ports Authority Act 1978, Section 69 addresses the Port Manager’s duties re: amended shipwrecks (underwater heritage). 2008 Protection from Disease (Plants) Act 1925 Prescribes procedures for protecting plants from diseases. Public Library Act 1896 Establishes the public library and procedure for appointing librarian, but does not address archives. Wild Animals and Birds Sanctuary Act 1928, Establishes the Grand Etang Forest Reserve as a amended sanctuary for wild animals and birds. 1963

Tourism Title Year Summary of law

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46 Bathing Places Act 1903 Governs development and regulation of public bathing places along the coast of Grenada, including fining those who contravene any rules so made. Beach Protection Act 1979 Prohibits unauthorized sand mining. Cruise Ship (Visitors) Levy Act 1994 Imposes levy on cruise ship visitors. Grenada Tourism Authority Act 2013 The GTA is responsible for marketing Grenada as a tourism destination and developing the tourist industry. Its duties include the registering, classification and licensing of tourism accommodations and tourism enterprises, which include historic and indigenous properties and sites, as well as restaurants and transportation providers. Hotel Proprietors Liability Act 1979 Outlines rights and liabilities of hotel proprietors. Hotel Refreshment Charge Act 1973, Provides for the imposition and collection of a amended charge payable on the purchase of food or drinks at 1975 hotels. Hotels Aid Act 1954, Provides relief in relation to customs duties to amended persons who import equipment and invest in 2006 construction of hotels. Also makes provision for employment of Grenadian citizens, and the grant of licenses. Public Festivals Regulation Act 1994, Regulates conduct at public cultural events amended including Carnival. 2008 Spicemas Corporation Act 2011 Establishes the Spicemas Corporation for the promotion of Carnival and other related activities in Grenada. Tourist and Beach Vending Act 2001 Regulates vending to tourists on beaches so designated, vendor’s licenses, and appropriate behaviour. Waste Management Act 2001 Outlines a regime for the management of waste in conformity with the best environmental practices, by providing for a waste inventory, categorizing waste in terms of hazardous materials, designating waste management facilities and operating standards, and monitoring. Water Quality Act 2005 Regulates quality of water intended for human consumption.

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Creative industry Title Year Summary of law Copyright Act 2011 Recognizes existence of copyright in literary and artistic works such as works of carnival, music and theatre, and provides that copyright owners have exclusive rights to their work, including reproduction, translation, adaptation, distribution, rental, public display and broadcast. Grenada Citizenship by Investment Act 2013 Enables persons to acquire permanent residence and citizenship of Grenada by registration following investment in Grenada by way of approved projects. Grenada Craft Centre Act 1994, Establishes the Grenada Craft Centre to foster the amended development of the handicraft industry , including 2011 sourcing raw materials in an environmentally sensitive manner, undertaking training, research, and providing technical assistance, Grenada Cultural Foundation Act 1998 The objectives of the GCF are to assist in formulation of a national cultural policy; to stimulate, develop and promote cultural and artistic capabilities and expressions of the Grenadian people; to provide infrastructure for the development and marketing of Grenada’s cultural industries and products; to develop the annual carnival festival as a viable, national, cultural and commercial enterprise, as well as other festivals, celebrations and events; to assist in the setting up of a cultural information system; and to facilitate ongoing research and documentation of cultural history of Grenada with the objective of preserving and conserving the cultural heritage. Patents Act 2011 Provides for the registration of patents in Grenada. Trademarks Act 2012 Provides for the registration of trademarks and outlines the rights conferred upon registration.

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SECTION 2: Heritage Policies and Legislation

Heritage Policy Framework

In 2014 Grenada strengthened its policy framework for heritage with the development of the new National Cultural Policy in 2014. The policy defines culture broadly to include natural cultural and intangible dimensions, and centres culture in the national development process, making recommendations for improved institutional arrangements and management of heritage. Particular attention is paid to the role of youth in seeking opportunities for revenue diversification and sustaining cultural identity over generations.

GAP: Policy guidance needs to be supplemented with other decision support tools. Specifically, the policy does not refer to the need for heritage management in Grenada to adhere to any standards or criteria when identifying and assessing heritage artifacts, sites and experiences. There are no strategies for implementing the policy, no identification of funding sources and project partners, and no action plan for meeting any of these objectives within a defined timeframe eg. three years, five years, ten years.

GAP: In addition, a number of related policies do not identify synergies in implementation. The Tourism Master Plan and Policy Framework both prioritise diversification of tourism but no strategies have been proposed for product development in heritage tourism, developing ecotourism standards and training and awareness raising for partners in hospitality management and supply chain management. Mechanisms for exchange of information and /or coordination between tourism, culture and environment are limited to ad hoc committees, which have specific terms of reference that are not always tied to implementing objectives in laws and policies.

Heritage Legislation

In terms of legislation, the Constitution of Grenada does not explicitly address the protection of heritage but the preamble acknowledges that cultural rights play a central role in achieving the ideal standard of living required for individuals in a free society.4

The main pieces of legislation offering specific protection for heritage in Grenada are as follows:5

4 The Grenada Constitution 1974, section 2(e). 12

49 • Physical Planning and Development Control Act 2002; • Fisheries Act, 1986; • Forest, Soil and Water Conservation Act, 1958; • Grand Etang Forest Reserve Act, 1906; • Wild Animals and Birds Sanctuary Act, 1928; • Birds and Other Wildlife Protection Act 1958; • National Heritage Protection Act, 1990; • National Parks and Protected Areas Act, 1990; • National Trust Act 1967; • Grenada Tourism Authority Act 2013.

GAP: Grenada has no specific legislation addressing the following:

● Archaeological excavations and mitigation, including shipwrecks ● Archives and archival materials ● Museums and collections ● Rights of Indigenous peoples and by extension, traditional knowledge

Physical Planning and Development Control Act, 2002

The Physical Planning and Development Control Act (PPDC Act) establishes the regime for land use planning and zoning in Grenada. The PPDC mandates the preparation of a Physical Plan for the whole of Grenada (Section 13(1)). The PPDC outlines the purpose and contents of the Physical Plan as a tool which must:

● Set out prescriptions for the use of land; ● Include maps and descriptive matter to illustrate proposals; ● Allocate land for conservation or for use or development for agricultural, residential, industrial, commercial, tourism as may be relevant (section 14(2)(a)) and which recognizes the status of parks, bird sanctuaries, marine reserves, national parks, and two new categories of protected areas introduced by the PPDC Act: ‘heritage protection areas’ ‘environmental protection areas’ (First Schedule). ● Make provisions for the development of infrastructure, public buildings, open spaces and other public sector investment works.

5 See Lloyd Gardner, Review of the Policy, Legal and Institutional Frameworks for Protected Areas Management in Grenada, p.24. 13

50 The Planning and Development Authority is given the mandate to identify, protect, conserve and rehabilitate the natural and cultural heritage of Grenada, in accordance with the UNESCO Convention on World Heritage (section 3(e)). The Authority will have the ability to coordinate with other departments by creating a cross-sectoral “Natural and Cultural Heritage Advisory Committee” comprising officers from Ministries with portfolios for culture and tourism, the National Trust, the Grenada Society of Architects, the Grenada Institute of Engineers, and members from civil society. The Committee advises the Authority on a wide range of topics and tools concerning heritage management:

● The compilation, adoption or amendment of lists of buildings, monuments and sites of prehistoric, historic or architectural merit or interest; ● The issue of interim preservation orders for the urgent protection of unlisted buildings, monuments and sites of prehistoric, historic or architectural merit or interest; ● The determination of applications for permission to alter or demolish any listed building or monument or to disturb any listed site; ● The compilation or amendment of lists of places of natural beauty or natural interest and the declaration of any such area to be an environmental protection area; ● The determination of applications for the development of land within environmental protection areas; ● The incorporation of the protection, conservation and rehabilitation of the natural and cultural heritage into planning policy at the level of local, regional and national development plans; ● The preparation of plans for the protection, conservation and rehabilitation of buildings and groups of building of historic or architectural merit or interest, including the designation of peripheral protection belts or buffer zones and the conditions for the use and development of land in such areas; ● The designation of Heritage Conservation Areas to protect groups of buildings of historic or architectural value; and ● The determination of applications for the construction of new buildings on land situated in Heritage Conservation Areas or in the vicinity of listed buildings or monuments, or on listed sites.6 GAP: The Committee does not advise the Authority on the removal of artefacts by developers and other interested parties, nor does it provide for consultation with other bodies that may provide guidelines on such activities, such as the National Museum.

6 Section 41(2) of the PPDC Act, 2002. 14

51 In terms of private land management, one of the objects of the PPDC Act is to ensure that private land is sustainably used (section 3(a)); this is significant because it imports notions of sustainable land use in the use of privately owned land, which in turn would encompass conservation of heritage sites and landmarks located on private land. Land use planning is therefore underpinned by conservation objectives.

GAP: In terms of built heritage, there are mechanisms for urgent protection such as interim preservation orders to protect any building, monument or site from threat and development activity (section 42(1)(b)). However, the general responsibility for conservation and rehabilitation of these buildings is placed entirely on owners and occupiers of listed buildings, with assistance from the DCA (section 45). The DCA have not developed guidelines to ensure that private landowners are engaging in conservation activities that meet a national or harmonized standard, or put a plan in place for monitoring and reporting by these landowners. Where these buildings are neglected, the DCA may enter premises and take steps to rehabilitate (sections 45(2) and 45(4)(a)). Heritage Conservation Areas may be declared from time to time, on the advice of the Committee, after consultations with the public, including private landowners that are affected and with adequate publicity (section 46). No standards are provided for rehabilitation of listed buildings, or the designation process, or the management of Heritage Conservation Areas, but proposals to designate HCAs are to be incorporated in the Physical Plan.

GAP: There is no requirement that the Authority compile a National Inventory or maintain a National Register. According to section 42(1)(a), on the advice of the Committee, the Authority ”may” compile a list of buildings, monuments, and sites, and it “may” adopt lists already prepared by the National Trust. In creating a discretionary power and omitting to define the relationship between these entities, the legislation leaves unresolved the matter of which entity has ultimate responsibility for preparing the inventory and register. Also unaddressed is which mechanisms be put in place to facilitate such a relationship eg. transfer of information.

GAP: The Authority, on the advice of the Committee, may also declare areas of outstanding natural beauty ‘environment protection areas’. This category is in addition to marine reserves, national parks and wildlife and forest reserves. The PPDC contemplates the inclusion of private land in environment protection areas, since adequate compensation must be paid to landowners for depreciation of value of land where an EPA is declared (section 47(5)). Beyond this stipulation, co-operation in the form of partnerships with private land-owners is not addressed. These protection areas seem to overlap with the private forest concept in the Forest, Soil and Water Conservation Act, discussed below.

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52 GAP: Protection for environment and culture can be flexible arrangements, because applications may be submitted for development of these areas - sections 41 (2)(e). An EIA may be requested (section 47(4)(b)). It should be noted that this is in keeping with the Act, which authorizes the Planning and Development Authority to request, if it so desires, an EIA in respect of any application for permission to develop land in Grenada (section 25). This includes developments in wetlands, marine parks, national parks, conservation areas, environmental protection areas and other sensitive environmental areas (see Second Schedule). Requesting an EIA is within the discretion of the Authority when assessing development proposals. This has the potential to erode the protections put in place for heritage because EIAs are not mandatory and EIA guidelines specifically for heritage have not been developed eg. ecological integrity assessments and heritage impact assessments.

The Fisheries Act, 1986

The Act provides for management of fisheries in the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone of Grenada. Apart from zoning for fisheries management, the Act gives the Minister the authority to designate marine reserves. Section 23(1) of the Act empowers the Minister with the authority to declare, by Order, any area of the fishery water, and any adjacent or surrounding land to be a marine reserve where he considers it necessary for special measures:

● To afford special protection to the flora and fauna of such areas and to protect and preserve the natural breeding grounds and habitats of aquatic life, with particular regard to flora and fauna in danger of extinction; ● To allow for the natural regeneration of aquatic life in areas where such life has been depleted; ● To promote scientific study and research in respect of such areas; or ● To preserve and enhance the natural beauty of such areas.7 GAP: These criteria do not specially include preservation of cultural heritage, but the Fisheries (Marine Protected Area) Regulations make provisions for marine historical sites (regulation 10), and for the protection of marine artefacts (regulations 6(1)(c) and (f)). Regulation 12 outlines a permitting regime for artefact collection, but there is no requirement that the Marine Protected Areas Management Authority consult with the Natural and Cultural Heritage Advisory Committee or the National Trust to provide guidance on removal of underwater heritage, or that such criteria be developed to regulate removal.

7Gardner, p. 24. 16

53 GAP: Under section 23(1) designated marine reserves may contain land adjacent to those waters, for the purpose of protecting flora and fauna, as well as the natural beauty of the area. This coastal land may very well contain heritage sites, and may be private property. It is not clear what the responsibilities of private landowners whose coastal property falls within the boundaries of the reserve would entail.

Forest, Soil and Water Conservation Act, 1958

This Act was established, according to its long title, “to make provision for the conservation of the forest, soil, water and other natural resources of Grenada”. In addition to establishing the Forestry Department, the Act also sets out the objectives of the forest policy, which include the establishment of protected areas, with the aim to ensuring “a continuous supply of forest products by the setting aside of land as forest reserves” (Section 3(4)(b)), and to “protect such areas as may be required for the provision of a natural and undisturbed habitat for indigenous flora and fauna” (Section 3(4)(d)). This would encompass natural heritage.

GAP: Sections 7 and 8 apply to private lands, which may be declared protected forests. Section 7 allows the Governor General to declare private lands protected forests for the purposes of storm water management, prevention of erosion for the sustainable management of timber, maintenance of water supplies, protection of critical infrastructure such as roads and bridges, and for the preservation of health. Protection of natural heritage, such as endangered species, is not included. Section 8 addresses activities which may be prohibited in such protected forests, but these are limited to the felling of trees for timber, the trespass of livestock, cultivation of land, the setting of fires, and any other activities that may undermine the features of the protected forests as outlined in section 7. There are potential conflicts here with the environmental protection areas that include private land, under the Physical Planning and Development Control Act, discussed above, and previous reviews of environmental legislation in Grenada have noted that the Act fails to recognize the inter-linkages between the Ministry of Agriculture, NAWASA and the Planning and Development Authority.8

Grand Etang Forest Reserve Act, 1906

8R. Wilkinson, 1998. DFIDC. Grenada Forest Management Project - An Examination of Existing Relevant and Related Forestry Legislation, see paragraphs 23.1-23.15. 17

54 This Act designated Grand Etang as a forest reserve and its scope is therefore limited to these environs. The main objects are set out in the preamble, in which the Act contemplates the management of private lands found within the boundaries of the Grand Etang Forest Reserve. The expectation is that these lands will be eventually purchased by government.

GAP: The Act does not set out which Minister is responsible for the Reserve’s maintenance, does not identify which activities committed in the reserve would be offences, or make provision for increasing the size of the reserve given encroaching land use nearby.9

Wild Animals and Birds Sanctuary Act, 1928

This Act supplements the Grand Etang Forest Reserve Act 1906 by making it an offence under Section 4(1) (a) to kill, wound or take any wild animals or birds from the Grand Etang Forest Reserve. Section 5 makes exception for hunting for scientific purposes and for population control. When both acts are read together, no hunting of birds can occur in this reserve.

GAP: The Act does not state which Minister is responsible for the administration of the Act, and there is no provision for a management plan to address conservation of the ecosystems within the Sanctuary.10 Later laws have addressed forest reserves and protected areas more comprehensively (see below).

Birds and Other Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1958

This act provides protection for wild birds and a number of other important species in Grenada. Section 3 accords absolute protection to wild birds listed in the First Schedule, which in fact states all species in their entirety but for exceptions listed in the Second Schedule. Since the Grenada Dove is not listed in the Second Schedule, it is given absolute protection in Grenada.

9 See also Wilkinson, paras. 25.1-25.4. 10Wilkinson, para. 28.3. 18

55 Sections 6 (c) and 7 confer absolute protection on turtles. Private landowners, including landowners with coastal property where turtles would nest are therefore subject to certain encumbrances regarding conservation of selected species.

GAP: The Act does not make clear which Minister is responsible for implementing its provisions, and is limited to a small number of species. There are no provisions for conservation management plans or for consultations with wildlife groups and those with traditional knowledge, or modern criteria for assessing which species are endangered.11

National Heritage Protection Act, 1990

The National Heritage Protection Act addresses the preservation of Amerindian artefacts. Section 2 states the protected areas covered by this Act are listed in Schedule 2, which, for the time being, is Pearls, in the parish of St. Andrew.

A system for excavation of pre-Columbian artefacts is outlined in Section 3. Section 3(b) states that licences authorizing persons to extract and sell Amerindian archaeological remains may be granted after consultations with the National Trust, and section 3(c) makes provision for appointing officers known as National Heritage Officers to enforce the Act. Section 4 states that those excavating without a licence are guilty of an offence and may be charged a fine of $5000 or imprisonment for 2 years. Other offences include illegal trading (section 5) and section 6 increases penalties for second or subsequent offences.

GAP: Section 3 allows the Minister to declare any area protected as long as it falls within the ambit of this Act i.e. “rich in archaeological value”. It is not provided in the legislation how this is to be evaluated. There are no guidelines for the excavation and sale of artefacts, and whether this is determined to be in line with Grenada’s international legal commitments and international best practice.

GAP: Though heritage sites can be designated under the current Act, and there is provision for National Heritage Officers, the Act does not provide any support for an implementing mechanism.12

11Wilkinson, paras. 27.7-27.9. 12 See Gardner, p. 26. 19

56 National Parks and Protected Areas Act, 1990

The NPPA Act provides for the designation of national parks and protected areas and their maintenance. Section 3 creates a national parks system, which includes parks and protected areas, with sections 4 and 5 respectively outlining the procedure for designating national parks and protected areas. Section 5 lists the purposes for which a protected area may be declared, these being:

● Preserving the natural beauty of the area, including the flora and fauna thereof; ● Creating a recreational area; ● Commemorating an historic event of national importance; or ● Preserving an historic landmark or a place or object of historic, prehistoric, archaeological, cultural or scientific importance. Section 7 establishes a National Parks Authority to administer the parks system. Section 8 (1) establishes the National Parks Advisory Council, which is multi-sectoral in representation, including representatives from the National Trust, Tourism, Culture, Finance and the Parish Development Committees. The Council’s role is to sustainably manage the national parks system (section s3(3) and 10). A management plan for the parks system may be prepared by the Director (section 11). Section 15 establishes the National Parks Development Fund, which is to be funded via admission fees to parks and any other lawful contributions and loans taken to supplement the Fund. The Minister may make regulations for preservation of flora and fauna, regulation of hunting, transport and development and as otherwise required, which can therefore include guidelines for heritage sites (section 12(2)).

GAP: “National park” and “protected area” are not defined and no criteria are provided for designating such mechanisms apart from the Minister’s discretion to do so. In the case of historic protected areas, the landmark, place or object in question is of historic, archaeological or cultural importance (sections 4 and 5 respectively). No reference is made to the IUCN categories for protected areas, which comprise the best known international classification system for protected areas;

GAP: The legislation is dependent on regulations, in order to implement the national parks system. No regulations have been passed in order to make the parks system operational. In terms of implementation gaps, no management plan has been prepared. Implementation of the NPPA Act is complicated by overlaps with other laws, such as the Fisheries Act and Marine

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57 Protected Area Regulations and the Forest, Soil and Water Conservation Act, which together provide the legislative tools to manage the system of parks and protected areas.13

National Trust Act

The National Trust was established in 1967 to manage historic properties and areas of natural beauty (section 5). The Preamble states that it is interested in the preservation of places of historic and architectural interest or national beauty, having as its objects:

● Listing buildings and monuments of prehistoric, historic and architectural interest and places of natural beauty with their animal or plant life; ● The compilation of photographic and architectural records of the foregoing; ● The preservation of chattels of prehistoric, historic or artistic interest and the establishment of museums; ● Making the public aware of the value and beauty of Grenada’s heritage; ● The pursuance of a policy of preservation, and acting in an advisory capacity; ● Acquiring property for the benefit of the people of Grenada; ● Promoting and preserving for the benefit and enjoyment of the people of Grenada submarine areas of beauty or natural or historic interest, and the preservation (as far as possible) of their natural aspect, features and animal, plant and marine life; and ● Attracting funds by means of subscriptions, donations, bequests and grants for the effective carrying out of those objects.14 GAP: While the Trust’s legislation creates substantial responsibilities for the Trust, there are no accompanying provisions to provide the required institutional and technical capacity to carry them out. A number of these responsibilities have been allocated to other entities as a result of supervening legislation, such as the Fisheries Act which addresses marine protected areas, the Physical Planning and Development Control Act, which has a Cultural Heritage Committee and can establish heritage preservation areas, the National Heritage Act, which protects pre- Columbian artefacts, the National Parks and Protected Areas Act, which can establish parks and protected areas, and the Grenada Tourism Authority Act (discussed below). Nevertheless, the Trust’s legislation has not been amended to address these developments and to strengthen its role in heritage management.

13 The Grenada Protected Area System Plan, p. 9. 14 Preamble, the National Trust Act. 21

58 GAP: Since 1967, numerous developments and changes worldwide require more sophisticated approaches to the management of heritage. While the Trust is required to pursue a policy of preservation, no guidance is provided for the content of such a policy. Modern environmental threats to heritage such as climate change are not addressed in any criteria for assessing heritage objects and sites. The Trust also predates international heritage law, such as the World Heritage Convention.

Grenada Tourism Authority Act

This law establishes the Grenada Tourism Authority (GTA), successor institution to the Grenada Tourism Board. The GTA is responsible for developing Grenada’s tourism industry. This includes diversification of the tourism product, by linking the tourism sector to the indigenous industries such as nutmeg and cocoa (section 4(j)) and licensing all tourism enterprises, including historic sites (see sections 28(2) and 35). The GTA must keep a register of all tourism enterprises and publish this annually in the Gazette (section 34).

Section 5 establishes the GTA’s Board of Directors which is responsible for carrying out the policy of the GTA. Section 4 lists the powers and duties of the GTA. According to section 26, The Board may appoint special committees as required to discharge its functions. A Heritage Committee has been established, with the National Trust as a member, and is currently advising the work of the GTA.

GAP: While the Act refers to a policy that the GTA should be implementing, it is not clear what this policy is or if it is linked to development objectives. The legislation does not address the development of the tourism industry in a sustainable manner, appropriate for Grenada’s size, population, resources and environment, only that it should be developed to attract tourists.

GAP: The Act does not address niche tourism such as heritage tourism, agrotourism or ecotourism. The GTA Board does not require heritage management or heritage architecture for example, as a special qualification for Board Members (see section 6(2)). While regulations may be made for issuing licences (section 51(a)), criteria for licensing enterprises do not yet include mandatory cultural or environmental criteria (see sections 29, 31, and 32). When licensing enterprises, the person is inspected, not the premises (see section 28(3)). Since enterprises can include historic sites, which can be quite vulnerable, the GTA legislation should include

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59 standards and guidelines for assessing these sites, such as structural assessments, EIAs, and other scientific or engineering criteria as necessary.

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SECTION 3: National Initiatives in Heritage Tourism

There are a number of initiatives in Grenada that are linked to heritage tourism, but due to a lack of data, it is difficult to assess how successful these initiatives have been. The main initiatives are as follows:

Past:

● UNESCO Tentative List – Grenada’s Tentative List was approved and officially filed at the World Heritage Centre on 9 August 2004. Properties included on the Tentative List include the Historic District of St George’s, the St George Fortification System which comprises three major forts, and the Grenadines Island Group between Grenada and St Vincent. The Tentative List is an inventory of those properties which each State Party to the World Heritage Convention intends to consider for nomination to the World Heritage List, and should be updated every ten years. ● National Monuments List - After the identification by the Natural and Cultural Heritage Advisory Committee of potential monuments, the Young Leaders of the Anglican High School were invited to conduct surveys and document the selected objects. Based on the gathered material a final selection of monuments in and around St. George’s was made. The objective of the project was to increase cultural awareness among young Grenadians of built heritage. The project was sponsored by the private sector. 15 ● Carriacou and Petit Martinique Geotourism Development Project - The NGO ‘People in Action’ mapped the cultural and natural assets of the neighbouring islands of Carriacou and Petit Martinique as a basis for geo-development, a process that enables the communities to take action to steward their geographical assets. This process empowers the community to sustain and enhance the environment, cultural, historical, social and human resources in a continuing and independent basis through transparency and accountability platforms. The project was completed in 2012.16

15 D. Lesterhuis. 2004. Technical Approach to the Protection, Conservation and Nomination of St. George’s Fortified System (Grenada). Prepared for the Government of Grenada. 16 See PIA’s website at: https://sites.google.com/site/piagrenadaorg/resources/the-projects.

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Present:

● Pure Grenada - Grenada unveiled a new destination brand ‘Pure Grenada’ on Friday February 14, 2014. Pure Grenada is aimed at repositioning the country as a major tourist destination “off-the–beaten path,” and as haven for the discerning travel explorer. Following rollout of the brand, the intention is to develop various aspects of the tourism product, and there is expected to be a ‘Pure Heritage’ component. ● Sandy Island Oyster Bed Marine Protected Area – This designated protected area is facing threats from development and expansion of the yachting sector. The MPA’s physical facilities are being improved, and the MPA Committee’s management structure is being reviewed. ● Caribbean Aqua Terrestrial Program – Initiated in 2012, this program involves a comprehensive review of the national management structure of marine protected areas. Consultations will be held in May 2015 to review options for MPA management and governance. A policy for marine protected areas will also be reviewed. ● TNC’s At the Water’s Edge (AWE) Project – This project aims to demonstrate that small island states governments and communities can enhance their resilience to climate change by protecting, restoring and effectively managing their marine and coastal ecosystems and by strengthening local capacity for adaptation. AWE is currently being implemented in the Grenville and Telescope areas in Grenada.

Proposed:17

● UNESCO Inventory – In December 2014 Grenada convened its National World Heritage Committee to update its national inventory, with Culture (of the Ministry of Tourism, Aviation and Culture) given the coordinating role and the Natural and Cultural Heritage Advisory Committee of the Physical Planning Unit the administering body. The Committee has not yet met for the year but will be

17 Pers.Comm., Mr Michael Jessamy, Heritage Conservation Officer, Ministry of Tourism, Civil Aviation and Culture. 25

62 reviewing the legislative framework and the sites listed, including the Fortification System and the Grenadines Island Group. ● Caribbean Action Plan UNESCO 2015-19 – This initiative will be addressing capacity building, legislation, inventories and institutional development in the Caribbean region and is expected to commence this year. ● World Bank Fort George Restoration Project –A proposed project in concept development stage, for developing Fort George’s tourism potential. ● MAREP Community Heritage Tourism Project - proposed/possible cultural heritage; community tourism project with MAREP. A MOU is in the making between that organisation and Ministry of Culture in order to work with a community group at Mt. Rich. We had a few meetings and site visit. ● National Parks System – proposed to revive this process in 2015. Forts, George, Matthew, Frederick and Tricentennial Park have been gazetted this year and must now be declared by the Governor General. ● Grenada Sustainable Development Trust Fund – Grenada, as a member of the Caribbean Challenge Initiative (CCI) is putting in place sustainable financing architecture to financially support sustainable development activities, including the management of protected areas, reduction of marine pollution, and climate change activities. There are linkages between the Fund’s purpose and the protection of heritage. The Trust Fund will be a multi-purpose fund and expected to establish several funding windows, which can include support for eco-tourism projects. Eligible grant recipients include government agencies as well as non- governmental organisations. Documents for incorporating the Trust Fund as a non-profit company are to be submitted to Cabinet in May 2015.

SECTION 4: Conclusion

Heritage management has evolved internationally and in order to accommodate new concepts (such as intangible heritage) and new threats (such as climate change), Grenada’s enabling environment must reflect both the local context and adopt standards that are reflective of international best practice.

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63 With the exception of the National Cultural Policy, the policy framework is not undergirded by a holistic approach that would support the exploration of synergies across sectors in managing heritage. This sector-specific approach is reflected in the piecemeal drafting of relevant legislation, such as those for excavation. Without uniform rules for excavation, procedures shift according to type of heritage (Amerindian, underwater) and authority (National Trust, Fisheries, Physical Planning). The Minister responsible for various aspects of heritage is often tasked with developing rules in his discretion, which may be dependent on resources or expertise available, and can also change from administration to administration. Another trend observed is an over-reliance on committees, in lieu of strong institution-building to develop procedures, practices and systems for heritage governance. As a result, heritage stakeholders lack the institutional, financial, technical and human capacity to monitor and protect sites, identify transgressors and generally enforce legislation.

Consolidation and updating of laws is necessary in order for the enabling environment to support sustainable heritage. Legal reform is an opportunity to clearly define and allocate roles and responsibilities for heritage, to streamline and harmonize the institutional architecture for heritage management, and enhance and modernize mechanisms for coordination and enforcement. As noted earlier, some aspects of heritage have never been adequately legislated – archaeological excavations, museums and collections, and archiving are the main areas that should be given attention. In addition, there are modern threats to the heritage tourism product in the form of global warming, natural disasters, and marine pollution to name a few. Robust policies and legislation must be put in place to ensure that heritage tourism can be resilient.

Key activities for strengthening enforcement capacity:

● Conduct a community-wide exercise in compiling the national inventory, to provide baseline data on the existence and number of sites and objects, their condition, any practices and traditions (intangible heritage) associated with them, and any values ascribed to them by the community. Classify the contents of the

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64 inventory according to standardized terminology, to ensure transparency and support the development of conservation strategies tailored to their particular requirements. Involving the community serves as a public awareness activity, respects their input which contributes to the Grenadian context, and ensures their support for future heritage tourism activities. A national register should also be established. ● Review heritage laws in line with the National Cultural Policy, paying special attention to the legislative arrangements for the National Trust and the National Museum, and amend the legislative framework to enhance the capacity of these institutions and of co-management arrangements with the community where appropriate. The review should also be used as an opportunity to repeal paper legislation that is not enforced, and introduce modern tools, mechanisms and standards for protecting, monitoring and regulating heritage, such as Heritage Impact Assessments and Ecological Integrity Assessments, rules for excavation, and archiving. ● Streamline institutional arrangements for all heritage actors, to identify roles and responsibilities, such as the Grenada Cultural Foundation potentially providing institutional support for intangible heritage, and to develop a capacity-building strategy where local technical expertise is lacking. ● Prepare a heritage tourism plan with private sector support, to identify strategies for expanding private sector’s role as a steward for heritage assets, and potential managers of heritage resources. ● Increase tax incentives for the private sector to protect and invest in heritage and include conservation easements for properties with heritage sites. ● A financial mobilization strategy should also be prepared that identifies funding sources at local, regional and international levels to support implementing projects for key heritage activities - compilation of the inventory, enhancement of the museum, increasing technical capacity etc.

Key areas for improving coordination between stakeholders

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65 ● Core institutional linkages – a number of heritage actors lack adequate or appropriate legal footing and linkages between these bodies are either not in place or are ineffective. The Grenada National Museum is incorporated as a private company yet it is the national repository for heritage. The National Trust does not have the capacity to fulfill its potential, which includes the power to establish museums. The UNESCO National Commission is based in the Ministry of Education, while Tourism and Culture form another Ministry. Under national law, the Heritage Advisory Committee to the Planning and Development Authority is charged with implementing the UNESCO Convention (in yet another Ministry). While attempts have been made to ensure that there is harmonization of roles eg. Ministry of Culture and National Trust both sit on the Heritage Committee, this is not reflected in their respective laws. ● Parks and protected areas - a number of laws were drafted to be regulation dependent, and without the creation of these regulations, cannot be implemented. Such is the case with the National Parks and Protected Areas Act, which has no regulations for preservation of flora and fauna, regulating and prohibiting persons and activities (including construction and trade) within these areas, the setting of licenses for accommodation, or fees for entry to the parks. The National Parks Council and National Parks Development Fund have also not been operationalized, through provision is made for both in the NPPA Act. There is also overlap with the MPA Authority established by the Fisheries Act, and the National Trust. Where private lands are located within protected areas, or receive special protection, the FSW Act, Fisheries Act and PPDC Act will apply. ● Pre-Columbian heritage - the National Heritage Protection Act protects only the areas listed in its Schedule, and depends on the National Trust to issue licenses to authorize extraction at any of these sites. The limitations of the National Trust have been noted earlier. The NHP Act provides for National Heritage Protection Officers to enforce the Act but there is no subsidiary legislation to make the legislation operational. ● Management of heritage sites – the PPDC Act can create and regulate environment protection areas and heritage protection areas. The National Trust also has responsibility for historic sites. With the passing of the Grenada Tourism Authority Act 2014, the GTA is empowered to license and regulate historic properties as tourism attractions. While the GTA has a Heritage Committee to advise on heritage tourism sites, standards should be established for assessing and

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66 monitoring these sites. Heritage sites can also be classified as parks or protected areas (above).

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SECTION 5: STAKEHOLDER DIRECTORY

Government/ National Focal Points

Group / Organisation Contact / Telephone Email Representativ e Ministry of Tourism, Civil Minister 435 8366 [email protected] Aviation and Culture Yolande Bain Horsford 440 0366 [email protected] Minister Responsible for Culture - Sen. Brenda Hood

Permanent 440 0368 [email protected] Secretary Responsible for Culture Mr. Aaron Francois Michael 533 7768 [email protected] Jessamy Chief Heritage Officer Ministry of Agriculture, Hon. Roland Forestry and Fisheries, Lands Bhola – and the Environment Minister 435 8725 [email protected] Mrs. Marilyn Austin-Cadore - Permanent Secretary for Forestry and Fisheries

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68 Mrs Merina 440 3386 [email protected] Jessamy - Permanent Secretary for Agriculture, Lands and the Environment Environment Aria St Louis 440 3078 or [email protected] Division 440 2708 ext 2010 Land Use Trevor 440 2708 [email protected] Division Thompson [email protected] Agronomy Shira Baldeo 440 3083 ext [email protected] 3002 Chief Daniel Lewis 440 [email protected] Agricultural 2708/3078/30 Officer 83 Chief Aden Forteau 440 2934 [email protected] Forestry Officer Chief Justin Rennie 440 3831 [email protected] Fisheries Officer Forestry Anthony 440 2934 [email protected] Conservatio Jeremiah n Officer Fisheries Roland Baldeo 440 3814 [email protected] Officer Fisheries Crafton Isaac 440 [email protected] Officer 2708/3078/30 83 RAMSAR Gordon 440 2934 [email protected] Focal Point Paterson Biotechnolo Dr Malachy 440 4460 ext [email protected] gy Division Dottin 3026 National Joyce Thomas 440 5452/414 [email protected] Biosafety Peters 5829 Project Pest and Paul Graham 440 pestmanagementunitgda@spiceisle. Disease 0019/6219 com Management [email protected] Unit

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69 Ministry of Permanent Mrs. Ruth 440 2737 Education and Secretary Elizabeth Human Rouse Resource Development Grenada Mrs Joan 440 2166/440 [email protected] National Marie Coutain 2791/440 27 Commission Secretary 37 -UNESCO General Ministry of Permanent Timothy N.J. 440 2731- [email protected] Finance, Secretary Antoine 6/2928 Planning, Energy John Auguste 435 8708 [email protected] Economic Division Development, Customs Comptroller 440 3588 [email protected] Trade, Energy 440 2239 and Cooperatives Ministry of Permanent Patricia Clarke 440 3036 [email protected] Foreign Affairs Secretary Foreign Alva Browne 440 2640 [email protected] Service Officer Ministry of Permanent Mrs. Veda 440 2649 / [email protected] Health and Secretary Bruno-Victor 2846 / 3485/ Social Security 4747 / 4955 Ministry of Permanent Mrs. 443 6026 [email protected] Carriacou and Secretary Bernadette Petite Lendore- Martinique Sylvester Affairs

Ministry of Physical Fabian Purcell 440 [email protected] Communicatio Planning 2471/4635 ns, ICT and Unit Works Ministry of Parliamentar Sheldon Scott 440 6917/ [email protected] Youth y Secretary 6918 Empowerment and Sports

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70 Ministry of National Security Dr the Right 440 2255 / [email protected] | Hon. Keith 2265 [email protected] Mitchell Hon. Alexandra Otway-Noel (Implementatio n) Prime Minister’s Office Petal Rush 440 2255 [email protected]

NISP co-ordinator Alan Joseph 449 3257 [email protected]

Meteorology John Peters 444 4101 [email protected] ext 2051 /2069 National Disaster Management Terrence 404 5291 [email protected] Agency (NADMA) Walters

Produce Chemist Laboratory Dr Guido 440 0105 [email protected] Marcelle 440 3273 [email protected] Valerie Ramoo Public Service Commission Jacinta Joseph [email protected]

Science and Technology 440 3118 [email protected] Council

Statutory Bodies

Group / Organisation Contact / Telephone Email Representative Grenada Banana Co- Manager 440 2473 / [email protected] operative Society 2486 Grenada Cocoa Association Manager 440 2933 [email protected]

Grenada Corporative Marlon Clyne 440 2117 [email protected] Nutmeg Association (Gen Mgr) [email protected]

Grenada Board of Tourism Susan Cadore 440 2279 [email protected]

Grenada Bureau of Simeon Collins 440 6783 [email protected] Standards

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71 Grenada Industrial Janelle Collins 444 1035 [email protected] Development Corporation Cathyann Pierre [email protected] (GIDC) Grenada Ports Authority Lazarus Joseph 440 7678 [email protected] [email protected] Edward Lord 440 7678 [email protected]

Grenada Solid Waste Karen Roden 444 2019 [email protected] Management Authority Layne (Mgr) Vaughan Forsyth

Marketing and National Fitzroy James 440 1791 [email protected] Import Board (MNIB) (Mgr) National Water and Terrence Smith 440 2155 [email protected] Sewerage Authority Christopher 440 2155 [email protected] (NAWASA) Husbands

Civil Society

Group / Organisation Contact / Telephone Email Representative Agency for Rural Sandra 440- [email protected] Transformation Ferguson 3440/3915 [email protected] Carriacou Benson Patrice 443 8977 [email protected] Environmental Committee Carriacou Historical Stephen 443 8288 [email protected] Society Alexander Clozier Youth Farmers Diana Mark, 536 8105 [email protected] Co-operative Imhotep [email protected] Mawuto Cocoa Groove 459 9647 [email protected] Management Committee Conference of Jacqueline [email protected] Churches Cornwall

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72 Education, Ezra A [email protected] Conservation Outreach Campbell [email protected] (ECO) Christabelle Andrews Grenada Association of Dr Valma [email protected] Beekeepers Jessamy (President) Grenada Association of Carol Vasquez 435 9857 [email protected] Retired Persons (President) Grenada Fund for Tyrone [email protected] Conservation Buckmire Grenada Community Judy Williams 440 8430 [email protected] Development Organisation (GRENCODA) Grenada Education and Gloria Payne- 442 6277 [email protected] Development Banfield 440 0097 Programme (GRENED) Grenada Human Rights Winston 414 4597 [email protected] Organisation Thomas 449 1813 410 1850 Grenada National Herman Mello 440-0112 [email protected] Council of the Peters Disabled Rosalie Peters Grenada National Lorice Pascal 440 6257 [email protected] Organisation for Women (GNOW) Grenada National Trust Darryl 440 3725 [email protected] Brathwaite 439 9538 [email protected] (President) Grenada Rural Danessa Joseph 442 0100 [email protected] Enterprise Project Grenada Save the Carolyn Peters 440 2448 [email protected] Children Development [email protected] Agency Grenada Technical and Chester 440 5878 [email protected] Allied Workers Union Humphrey Andre Lewis Grenada Elliot Bishop 440 3733 [email protected] Council Grenada Union of President 440 2992 [email protected] Teachers

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73 Groundation Grenada Malaika 410 5271 [email protected] Brooks Smith Lowe Kido-YWF Foundation President 443 7936

Lions Club Gloria 405 4270 [email protected] International Thompson Minor Spices Milton Gabriel 443 2604 [email protected] Cooperative Mt Rich Youth President 533 6197 [email protected] Cultural Environmental and Development Organisation North East Farmers Evans Gooding 414 7884 [email protected] Organisation North West Bernadette 405 4490 [email protected] Development Bartholomew Authority People in Action Denyse Ogilvie 231 5354 [email protected]

St Andrew’s Mykie Munroe 442 6493 [email protected] Development Organisation St Andrew’s Peoples Matthias 442 8262 [email protected] Maroon Association Joseph 449 6346 St Patrick’s Eco- Claudette Pitt [email protected] Conservation and Tourism Organisation St Patrick’s Youth President- Mr. 406 1026 [email protected] Organisation Brent Alexander The Nature Ruth Blyther 340 718 [email protected] Conservancy 5575 (Eastern Caribbean ext 207 Programme Director) The Willie Redhead James Finlay ( 456 0389 [email protected] Foundation President) [email protected] Woburn Woodlands Christopher 410 1857 [email protected] Development Alleyne Organisation Natasha Howard

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74 Private Sector

Group / Organisation Contact / Telephone Email Representative Adventure/River Tubing Randal Robinson 405 1379 [email protected] 535 1379 Balthazar Estate ( Nut-Med Denis Noel 442 7514 [email protected] Pain Reliever) 415 0897

Bay Gardens Albert Bernard 435 4544 [email protected]

Bocage Estate Anthony Telesford 458 1325 [email protected]

De La Grenade Industries Cecile La Grenade 435 4819 [email protected] Ltd

DIGICEL Manager/Rep 415 0028

Ethical Ideas Consulting Jennifer Alexis 404 9528 [email protected]

Grenada Breweries Ltd Manager 444 4248 [email protected]

Grenada Chamber of Aine Brathwaite 440 2937 [email protected] Commerce [email protected]

Grenada Chocolate Manager/Rep 442 0050 [email protected] Company Ltd. Grenada Commercial Manager/Rep 440 3972 / [email protected] Fisheries Ltd. 1499 Gravel, Concrete and Ken-Main 440 3686 [email protected] Emulsion Production Whiteman Corporation Grenada Distillers Ltd. Leroy Neckles 444-5363

Grenada Hotel and Tourism Russ Fielden 444 1353 [email protected] Association [email protected]

Grenada Industrial Kwesi Roberts 444 1033- [email protected] Development Corporation Business 35, ext (GIDC) Development 224 Specialist Grenada Tour and Roger Spronk, 439 4369 Attraction Operators President Association 38

75 Grenada Society of Trevor Bullen, 409 9062 Architects President Grenada Tourism Authority Kirl Grant- 440 [email protected] Hoschtialek 2001/2279 Manager, Product Development

Multi-Lateral and Regional Organisations, Embassies and Consulates

Group / Contact / Representative Telephone Email Organisation Caribsave Judi Clarke, Regional 246 426 Director 2042 Caribbean Tourism Hugh Riley, Secretary 246 427 [email protected] Organisation General 5242 [email protected]

Centre for Samantha Hogenson 202-347- [email protected] Responsible Travel 9203 ext. 414 Organisation of 440 2439 [email protected] American States (OAS) Embassy of the His Excellency Ricardo 439- [email protected] Federative Republic Andre Vieira Diniz 7160/2/3 of Brazil Ambassador Extraordinary Embassy of the Her Excellency Ms. Ou 439 6228 [email protected] Republic of China Boqian Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary

Embassy of the Her Excellency Maria 444 1884 [email protected] Republic of Cuba Caridad Balaguer Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary

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76 Friends of the Earth Kriss Davies 536 4623 [email protected] Grenada 403 8684 [email protected] 416 1247 IUCN – World Lloyd Gardner [email protected] Commission on Protected Areas (Caribbean ) United Nations (246) 467 [email protected] Development 6000 Programme – OECS sub-regional office United Nations Andrea Brusco, Legal [email protected] Environment Officer Programme – Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean UNESCO Janelle Babb (876) 630 [email protected] Kingston Cluster 5300 (876) Office for the 630 5307 Caribbean - Jamaica

US Embassy Louis J Crishock, Attache 444 1175 [email protected]

Venezuelan His Excellency Jorge 440 1721 [email protected] Embassy Alfonzo Guerrero Veloz Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary

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77

References

Gardner, Lloyd. 2006. Review of the Policy, Legal, and Institutional Frameworks for Protected Areas Management in Grenada. Environment and Sustainable Development Unit, Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States.

Government of Grenada. 2014. Status of Multilateral Environmental Agreements and Other Environment-related Agreements in Grenada.

Lesterhuis, D. 2004. Technical Approach to the Protection, Conservation and Nomination of St. George’s Fortified System (Grenada). Prepared for the Government of Grenada.

Turner, Mel. 2009. Grenada Protected Area System Plan Part 1: Identification and Designation of Protected Areas. OECS, St Lucia. 22 pp.

____. 2009. Grenada Protected Area System Plan Part 2: Legislation, Institutional Organization, Management Planning, Financing, Capacity Development and Training. OECS, St Lucia.

OAS/Coherit Associates. 2013. Caribbean Heritage Survey Analysis: Regional Needs and Opportunities to Support Cultural Heritage Protection.

Wilkinson, R. 1998. DFIDC. Grenada Forest Management Project - An Examination of Existing Relevant and Related Forestry Legislation.

World Bank Indicators of Population: Grenada. Retrieved 15/04/2015 at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator

Laws of Grenada

The Grenada Constitution 1974

Animal (Diseases and Importation) Act 1958

Architects (Registration) Act 2014

Bathing Places Act 1903

Beach Protection Act 1979

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78 Birds and Other Wild Life (Protection) Act 1958

Botanical Gardens Act 1968

Cruise Ship (Visitors) Levy Act 1994

Copyright Act 2011

Engineers(Regulation) Act 2014

Fisheries Act 1986

Forest, Soil & Water Conservation Act 1958

Grand Etang Forest Reserve Act 1906

Grenada Citizenship by Investment Act 2013

Grenada Craft Centre Act 1994

Grenada Cultural Foundation Act 1998

Grenada Tourism Authority Act 2013

Grenada Tourism Authority Act 2013

Hotel Proprietors Liability Act 1979

Hotel Refreshment Charge Act 1973

Hotels Aid Act 1954

National Heritage Protection Act 1990

National Parks and Protected Areas Act 1990

National Trust Act 1967

National Water and Sewerage Authority Act 1990

Noxious Weeds Act 1912

Patents Act 2011

Physical Planning and Development Control Act 2002 42

79 Plant Protection Act 1986

Ports Authority Act 1978

Protection from Disease 1925

Public Festivals Regulation Act 1994

Public Library Act 1896

Spicemas Corporation Act 2011

Tourist and Beach Vending Act 2001

Trademarks Act 2012

Waste Management Act 2001

Water Quality Act 2005

Wild Animals and Birds Sanctuary Act 1928 (Cap. 339)

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80 2.1.4 Impacts

This section has been dealt with under the narratives of the preceding sections. As impacts is generally relevant to 2.1.3 Enabling Environment, commentary is made there.

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2.1.5 Gaps in knowledge

In 2011, May Hinds Consulting Inc, were contracted by the then Grenada Board of Tourism, now the Grenada Tourist Authority to conduct a thorough review of the tourism sector in the tri-island state of Grenada. What follows below is an extract from the executive summary of the official report. Extract beginning: Fourteen tourism sector stakeholders in Grenada, plus tourism stakeholder representatives from Carriacou participated in the research process. The participation of these persons highlighted a number of key issues that were of importance to the future development of a strategic plan. It was revealed that: • There was generally no consensus on the vision for the local tourism sector • There was generally little knowledge and or participation of many stakeholders in previous projects seeking to formulate tourism development plans • There was a majority view that the island’s tourism brand was not adequately recognized in the international market place • There was a prioritization of issues of product development, marketing promotion, customer service quality and strategic positioning of the destination as the top developmental concerns in need of urgent attention. • There was a need to address perceived human resource and budgetary inefficiencies in the public sector agency charged with marketing the island

Many recommendations were proposed by the stakeholders and have been categorized within the following framework: • Product Development and Enhancement • Infrastructure • Marketing • Investment/Finance/Concessions •Stakeholder Capacity Building • Building Quality (enabling environment) • National Tourism Consciousness • Institutional Matters

Collectively, the recommendations served to provide direct solutions to many of the perceived

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weaknesses in the tourism industry. These included, but are not limited to: • Implementation of a national beautification programme • Introduction of a boutique hotel concept • Adoption of an effective internet marketing programme • Upgrading national tourist attractions • Upgrading roads, sidewalks, ports etc. • Establishing relevant standards across the tourism industry • Providing tax concessions to some stakeholder sectors • Establishing systems/processes to ensure greater participation of stakeholders in policy development, and the planning for the development and promotion of tourism • Undertaking national tourism awareness activities • Establish a formal structured/process to ensure that the findings from this report are implemented with the further input of stakeholders • Establishing an industry resource centre within the GBT • Undertaking needs assessment reviews in the key sub-sectors of the tourism sector • Marketing niche markets as part of the tourism offerings for the island (e.g, dive and yachting) • Reviewing the GBT with a view to improve efficiency and effectiveness Extract ending.

The fact is, that nearly all of these findings, observations and recommended actions remain as is, with no definitive actions taken that have got complete buy in by all stakeholders. The question is why? And “Gaps In Knowledge” and know how coupled with a resistance to change, often politically motivated, is at the route of this problem.

The skill sets and work ethic required to address the above lists is the main problem. The new methods that are required to develop and grow in the competitive tourism sector, are resisted and ineffective practices guarded.

The public sector is semi-skilled, narrow-visioned, demotivated and directionless, which are completely the wrong dynamics for delivering the efficiencies needed to enhance Grenada’s products, services and ultimate projection on the world stage.

Marketing knowledge is virtually non-existent as international trends are ignored or paid lip service too.

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Projects operated by consultants and outside agencies,— well intentioned as they are—generally turn out to be academic exercises, as the mainstream population do not relate to the benefits of the output.

More work has to be done into sensitizing initiatives in tourism, culture and heritage, so that society as a whole buys in. There is a reason why carnival is a success and it is very simple. The people see it as theirs, something that they are an integral part of. They therefore willingly make their contributions. This is not how they view tourism or related activities as they view progress as what is beamed into their living rooms from cable television or their mobile handsets. A life away from their immediate environment, is view as rewarding. This, dynamic seriously impairs any effort made in order to show people the benefits of investing in their immediate environment.

Role models that locals can relate to, is the best way forward. Someone or something that they can touch, feel and experience in their daily lives. In order to create these role models, training folks is not going to be enough, it sure helps, but to get things moving, finance is also required. Whether, we acknowledge it or choose to ignore it, communities, not only want to be self-sufficient, they want to be able to pay their way as well. We have seen numerous initiatives start with tons of goodwill and die when finances run out. The goal of sustainability, becomes a pipe dream.

84 2.1.6 Bibliography

Allen, C.D. & K.M. Groom. 2013. “A Geological Assessment of Grenada’s ‘Carib Stones’.” International Newsletter on Rock Art (65): 19-24.

. 2013. “Evaluation of Grenada’s ‘Carib Stones’ via the Rock Art Stability Index.” Applied Geography: 1-11.

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