Impactos Turísticos-Económicos Y Socio-Culturales De Los Festivales

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Impactos Turísticos-Económicos Y Socio-Culturales De Los Festivales Impactos turísticos-económico y socio-culturales de los Festivales Musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana Laura Pérez Platero Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana Universidad de Alicante Departamento de Sociología I Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales IMPACTOS TURÍSTICO-ECONÓMICOS Y SOCIO-CULTURALES DE LOS FESTIVALES MUSICALES EN LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA Laura Pérez Platero Tesis presentada para aspirar al grado de DOCTOR POR LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE Programa de doctorado: SOCIOLOGÍA: SOCIEDAD Y CULTURA CONTEMPORÁNEAS Dirigida por: Dr. Tomás Mazón Martínez: Profesor titular de Universidad I Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana II Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana “En verdad, si no fuera por la música, habría más razones para volverse loco” Piotr Ilich Tchaikovski (1840-1893) III Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana IV Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana AGRADECIMIENTOS Después del gran esfuerzo y dedicación que ha supuesto la realización de esta tesis, es inevitable estar agradecida a las personas que directa o indirectamente han participado en ella. En primer lugar, a mi director de tesis, Tomás Mazón, por creer en mí, acompañarme, aconsejarme, guiarme y alentarme. Su experiencia y dedicación han sido mi fuente de inspiración. A todas y cada una de las personas que se prestaron para ser entrevistadas y cuyos conocimientos y opiniones han hecho posible esta tesis. A Ester y Yolanda por su amistad y paciencia en mis momentos más bajos. A Carlos, por su apoyo incondicional, por haber vivido junto a mí los mejores y peores momentos, por su involucración y gran ayuda, y sobre todo, por no haber dudado nunca de mí. A mis padres, todo esto no hubiera sido posible sin ellos. Por su fe en mí, sus constantes muestras de apoyo y dedicación. Papá, mamá, aun en la distancia habéis sido mis guías, una vez más he podido vivir una gran demostración de vuestro amor por mí. V Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana VI Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana ÍNDICE PRIMERA PARTE CAPITULO I: TERMINOLOGÍA 1 1.1 LA MÚSICA………………………………………………………….………………………………….…… 3 1.2 EL TERMINO FESTIVAL……………………………………………………….…………….….…… 9 1.3 TIPOS Y TIPOLOLOGÍA DE LOS FESTIVALES MUSICALES………….………. 10 CAPITULO II: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRAFICA; TURISMO Y FESTIVALES 13 2.1 ACONTECIMIENTOS CULTURALES COMO OFERTA TURISTICA………. 15 2.2 TURISMO DE EVENTOS Y FESTIVALES……………………………………………….… 21 2.2.1 Roles, significados e impactos de Fiestas y Eventos Culturales en la Sociedad………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 21 2.2.2 Festivales e identidad cultural…………………………………………………………………… 26 2.3 EVOLUCION HISTÓRICA EN EL ESTUDIO SOBRE EVENTOS Y FESTIVALES………..…………………………………………….………………………………………. 32 2.3.1 Eventos, revisión bibliográfica………………………………………………………………….. 32 2.3.2 Un marco para comprender el turismo de eventos…………………………………….. 37 2.4 EL TURISMO CULTURAL…………………………………………………………………………. 41 2. 5 CONTEXTO SOCIOLÓGICO…………………………………………………………………… 49 2.5.1 Introducción………………………………………………………………………………………….. 49 2.5.2 Concepto de ocio: antecedentes históricos………………………………………………… 51 2.5.3 Fenómeno sociológico de masas………………………………………………………………. 54 2.5.4 Antecedentes en Sociología del Turismo…………………………………………………… 59 2.6 SOCIOLOGÍA DE LA MÚSICA………………………………………………………………….. 69 2.6.1 Introducción………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69 2.6.2 La música como instrumento de comunicación y expresión………………………… 75 2.6.3 Efectos de la música en el ser humano: Los festivales como elemento de cohesión social…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 78 VII Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana SEGUNDA PARTE CAPITULO III: METODOLOGÍA 83 3.1 ESTADO ALCUAL Y JUSTIFICACIÓN………………………………………………………. 85 3.2 INTRODUCCIÓN METODOLÓGICA……………………………………………………….. 89 3.2.1 Planteamiento metodológico……………………………………………………………………. 92 3.2.2 El método científico y las ciencias sociales…………………………………………………. 94 3.2.3 Planteamiento y formulación del problema…………………………………….……….. 100 3.3 CONTEXTUALIZACIÓN DEL OBJETO DE ESTUDIO…………………………… 103 3.3.1 El tema de investigación…………………………………………………………………………. 103 3.3.2 Objetivos de investigación………………………………………………………………………. 105 3.4 METODOLOGÍA CUANTITATIVA VS METODOLOGÍA CUALITATIVA…………………………………………………………………………………………. 106 3.4.1 Metodología cuantitativa………………………………………………………………………… 106 3.4.2 Metodología cualitativa………………………………………………………………………….. 106 3.4.3 Estructura del desarrollo metodológico……………………………………………………. 111 3.5 HIPÓTESIS……………………………………………………………………………………….…..….. 112 3.6 DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO…………………………………………………………….………. 113 3.7 FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN…………………………………………………………….…… 120 3.8 TÉCNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN…………………….……… 122 3.9 ANÁLISIS DE DATOS……………………………………………………………………….………. 130 TERCERA PARTE CAPITULO IV: HISTÓRIA Y EVOLUCION MUSICAL: LOS FESTIVALES MUSICALES 135 4.1 LOS FESTIVALES Y SU CICLO DE VIDA…………………………………………..…… 137 4.1.1 Los festivales a lo largo de la historia…………………………………………………..….. 138 4.2 ORIGENES Y CONTEXTO SOCIAL: LA MÚSICA ROCK……………………….. 141 VIII Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana 4.3 DÉCADA DE LOS CINCUENTA………………………………………………………………. 144 4.3.1 Contexto internacional…………………………………………………………………………… 144 4.3.2 Antecedentes y principales festivales en España en la década de los cincuenta……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 150 4.4. DÉCADA DE LOS SESENTA…………………………………………………………………… 152 4.4.1 Contexto internacional…………………………………………………………..………….….. 152 4.4.2 Antecedentes y principales festivales en España en la década de los sesenta… 174 4.5 DÉCADA DE LOS SETENTA……………………………………………………..…….……... 182 4.5.1 Contexto internacional……………………………………………………………..…….…..… 182 4.5.2 Cultura y contracultura………………………………………………………………………….. 187 4.5.3 Contexto histórico: principales festivales de la década de los setenta…………… 193 4.5.4 España: contexto histórico, evolución musical y festivales de la década de los setenta…………………………………………………………………………………………….………..….. 201 4.6 DÉCADA DE LOS OCHENTA……………………………………………………………..…… 206 4.6.1 Contexto histórico; evolución musical………………………………………………..……. 207 4.6.2 Festivales internacionales de la década de los ochenta…………………………..…… 213 4.6.3 España: contexto histórico, evolución musical y festivales de la década de los ochenta………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….. 217 4.7 DÉCADA DE LOS NOVENTA…………………………………………………………..………. 224 4.7.1 Contexto histórico; evolución musical……………………………………………..……….. 225 4.7.2 Festivales internacionales de la década de los noventa………………………….……. 230 4.7.3 España: contexto histórico, evolución musical y festivales de la década de los noventa………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 235 4.8 DÉCADA DE LOS 2000…………………………………………………………………...………….. 245 4.8.1 Contexto histórico; evolución musical……………………………………………………….. 245 4.8.2 Internet como medio de comunicación y difusión musical…………………………… 253 4.8.3 Los festivales en el siglo XXI…………………………………………………………..….…….. 256 4.8.4 España: contexto histórico, evolución musical y festivales de la década de los 2000…………………………………………………………………………………………………..….……….. 263 IX Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales musicales en la Comunidad Valenciana CUARTA PARTE CAPITULO V: ANÁLISIS 271 5.1 INTRODUCCIÓN………………………………………………………………………….…….……… 273 5.1.1 Concepto de efecto e impacto ……………………………………………….……….………. 276 5.2 IMPACTOS TURÍSTICO-ECONÓMICOS………………….………………..…………….. 277 5.2.1 El caso de Benicasim…………………………………………………………………………..…... 304 Festival Internacional de Benicasim…………………………………………………………. 309 Rototom Sunsplash…………………………………………………………………………………. 318 Sociedad de Desarrollo Turístico de Benicasim (DBT)………………………………. 327 5.2.2 El caso de Burriana……………………………………………………………………….…………. 331 5.2.3 El caso de Benidorm…………………………………………………………………….………….. 337 5.3 ANÁLISIS IMPACTOS SOCIO-CULTURALES………………………………............…. 348 5.3.1 Introducción……………………………………………………………………………….…………... 348 5.3.2 ¿Qué repercusiones sociales conllevan para el territorio?................................... 350 5.3.3 ¿Añade la organización del festival un Valor cultural para la ciudad?................. 359 5.3.4 ¿Cuál es la Percepción social acerca de estos festivales?..................................... 368 5.3.5 ¿Favorecen la interacción social?........................................................................ 374 5.3.6 ¿Actúan los festivales musicales en la actualidad más como un producto turístico, en comparación con otras décadas? ………………………………………………………………… 381 5.3.7 ¿Qué motivaciones llevaban en décadas anteriores a asistir a un festival y que motivaciones llevan ahora?........................................................................................... 406 CAPITULO VI: CONCLUSIONES 413 CONCLUSIONES…………………………………………………………………...…………………………..415 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 433 ANEXOS 477 ANEXO I: ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Y FIGURAS……………………………………………………. 479 ANEXO II: ENTREVISTAS DEL SECTOR PRENSA………………..……………………. CD, 1 ANEXO III: ENTREVISTAS DEL SECTOR ORGANIZACIÓN………….………... CD, 41 X Impactos turístico-económicos y socioculturales de los festivales
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