Nursing Care (Kline 108 & Kline 113; 3:00

Home , Andrew Grove

Special thanks to D. Scott Weaver (Department of Computer and Information Science) for his continued maintenance and development of the online Symposium Project Registration and Management system (SymPRM) used to collect and organize the information contained in this booklet. Special thanks also to Lori Zimmerman, Administrative Assistant to the Dean of the School of Science, Engineering and Health, for coordinating mailings, room reservations, catering and setup of the Symposium venues.

– John Harms, Larry Mylin & Tim Van Dyke, Symposium Coordinators

elcome to the 13th Annual Symposium of the School of Science, Engineering and Health! This event continues a strong tradition showcasing student and faculty innovation, creativity and productivityW in academic departments largely from within the School of Science, Engineering and Health.

Table of Contents

Messiah College Campus & Parking ...... 2 Using This Booklet ...... 3 Schedule at a Glance: Oral Presentations ...... 4 Schedule at a Glance: Poster Presentations ...... 6 Building Maps ...... 8 Oral Presentations (Morning) ...... 10 Engineering I (Alexander Auditorium; 8:30 – 12:00) ...... 10 Computer & Information Science (Frey 150; 8:30 – 10:00) ...... 11 Physics (Frey 343; 8:30 – 11:20) ...... 11 Mathematics (Frey 349; 8:30 – 11:40) ...... 12 Oral Presentations (Afternoon) ...... 13 Engineering II (Alexander Auditorium; 1:00 – 3:00) ...... 13 Natural Sciences I (Kline 120; 1:00 – 3:00) ...... 13 Natural Sciences II (Hollinger Lounge; 1:00 – 3:00) ...... 14 Natural Sciences III (Jordan 159; 1:00 – 3:00) ...... 15 Natural Sciences IV (Jordan 161; 1:00 – 3:00) ...... 15 Poster Sessions ...... 19 Engineering (Frey 070; 3:00 – 4:00) ...... 19 Evidence-Based Nursing Care (Kline 108 & Kline 113; 3:00 – 4:00) ...... 22 Natural Sciences (Hollinger Atrium & Jordan Hallway; 3:00 – 4:00) ...... 23 Oral Presentations (Afternoon) ...... 16 Engineering III (Alexander Auditorium; 4:00 – 5:20) ...... 16 Natural Sciences V (Kline 120; 4:00 – 5:20) ...... 17 Natural Sciences VI (Hollinger Lounge; 4:00 – 5:20) ...... 17 Natural Sciences VII (Jordan 159; 4:00 – 5:00) ...... 18 Natural Sciences VIII (Jordan 161; 4:00 – 5:00) ...... 18 Sculpture Dedication ...... 27 Acknowledgments ...... 28 The Collaboratory for Strategic Partnerships and Applied Research ...... 28 Steinbrecher Summer Undergraduate Research Program ...... 29 Mentors: Collaboratory Educators, Collaborators and Partners ...... 30 Mentors: Messiah College Health & Science Faculty ...... 31 Mentors: Nursing Professionals and External Research Mentors ...... 32 Financial & Material Support ...... 34 Abstracts ...... 36 Index of Authors ...... 87

Messiah College

Welcome to Messiah College! Visitor Parking: Parking is provided in the main Visitor Parking lot (VV) accessed from College Avenue, between Old Main and the Eisenhower Campus Center. Parking tags are not required during the Symposium. While designated handicapped parking is distributed throughout campus, spots closest to Symposium venues are available in the employee parking lots behind the Jordan Science Center (WW) and in the circle at the heart of campus (YY). Dining facilities: The Lottie Nelson Dining Hall (upper level) and The Falcon (lower level; soup, paninis, salads) are located in the Eisenhower Campus Center. The Union Café (pizza, grill, wraps, salads) is located in the Larsen Student Union.

2 Using this Booklet This Program and Abstract booklet provides times, locations and titles for all presentations in the Symposium. A consolidated “Schedule at a Glance” (page 4) summarizes the schedule of all Oral Presentations and Poster Presentations (page 6). Presentation Number: Each presentation has been assigned a unique Presentation Number based on its order in the schedule. To allow for cross-referencing, this number is used throughout the booklet to identify the presentation and will be displayed with each poster to aid your navigation during the Poster Session. Authorship: All contributing co-authors and mentors are listed in the Program (page 10) and Authorship Legend: Abstract section (page 36). Bold font indicates bold indicates a presenting author the names of presenting authors. An Index at † indicates a research or project mentor ‡ indicates an off-campus contributor the end of the booklet (page 87) lists the names of all authors alphabetically with the number(s) of each presentation on which each is included. Discipline Categories: Program & Symbols: Presentations in Engineering, Computer & Information Science, Adventure Education Mathematics and Physics are organized in Biopsychology discipline-specific sessions. Presentations in the Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Cellular & Molecular Biology Nutrition & Dietetics, Exercise Science, Adventure Chemistry & Biochemistry Education, and Biopsychology are organized in integrated sessions to encourage cross-disciplinary Computer & Information Science exposure with the Natural Sciences. Posters in Engineering Evidence-Based Nursing Care will be highlighted in dedicated poster venue (page 22). Throughout the Exercise Science Program and “Schedule at a Glance” unique Mathematics symbols designate the various disciplines. Nursing Abstracts: An abstract was provided for each oral and poster presentation in the Symposium. The Nutrition & Dietetics abstracts are arranged (page 36) in alphabetic Organismal & Ecological Biology order by the last name of the first author. Physics Additional Symbols: Acknowledgments: All faculty This oral presentation is accompanied by a poster mentors, external mentors and presented in the mid-afternoon Poster Session collaborators, and nursing This poster is accompanied by an Oral Presentation professionals are recognized. This project was supported by the Steinbrecher Sources of financial and material Undergraduate Summer Research Program support are also listed (page 34) with This project was supported by the Collaboratory for corresponding presentation numbers. Strategic Partnerships and Applied Research

Alexander Auditorium F150 F343 F349

Engineering Computer & Information Physics Mathematics I Science 8:30 Welcome and instructions by Session Chairs Betteridge, Luger, 8:40 1 11 Nicolais, Seyni 15 Schrock 22 Saylor Moyer Clemente, Beam, Fischer, Wise, 9:00 2 12 16 Joy 23 Chua Ehrenzeller, Joy Murrill Singley, Richardson, 9:20 3 Clapper, Mea 13 17 Bressler 24 deNyse Leveroni, Clark Aroniss, Margosian, Ferris, Stetson, Barner, Grove, 9:40 4 14 18 25 Dix Olson Levengood Sisson, Roth, Mohler Senum, Smeiles, 10:00 5 (40 min. presentation) 26 Martin Wright Cochran, Myer, 10:20 6 19 Henry 27 Ratzlaff Serrano 10:40 7 Curtis, Listor, Scheib 20 Bridel 28 Schlogl 11:00 8 Sollenberger 21 Bressler 29 Seldomridge 11:20 9 Detweiler, Mazurek 30 Shoemaker 11:40 10 Duke, Kreider

Engineering

12:55 Welcome and instructions by Session Chairs 1:00 31 Bashore, Foley, Logan 1:20 32 Nguyen, Torres Barrett, Holderman, 1:40 33 Reinert 2:00 34 Sargent, Young 2:20 35 Pozun, Stobie 2:40 36 Kauffman, Rogerson

Poster Session Engineering: Frey 070 3:00-4:00

Engineering

III

4:00 61 Floro, Kerstetter 4:20 62 Nelson Arnold, Ngui, Sagcal, 4:40 63 Sibi Mark Ashton, Martin, 5:00 64 Talamo, Wilkinson

Sculpture Dedication Ceremony "Cleft", honoring Dr. Karl Oberholser 12:30 PM Jordan/Kline Entrance

Hollinger K120 Lounge J159 J161 Natural Sciences Natural Sciences Natural Sciences Natural Sciences

I II III IV

12:55 Welcome and instructions by Session Chairs

1:00 37 Marburger 43 Chapman, Gerhart 49 Myers, Young 55 Yoon Georgetti, Holguin, 1:20 38 Laird 44 50 Coleman, Leiphart 56 Feather Ormond 1:40 39 Sharples 45 Egolf 51 Nevin 57 Zwart 2:00 40 Raugh 46 Tomes 52 Schlegel 58 Ritenour Meassick, Johnson, 2:20 41 Sollenberger 47 Minor 53 59 Marshall Atwell 2:40 42 Jones 48 White 54 Ross 60 Merrill

Natural Sciences: Hollinger Atrium & Hallway Poster Session 3:00-4:00 Evidence-Based Nursing Care: K108 & K113

Natural Sciences Natural Sciences Natural Sciences Natural Sciences

V VI VII VIII

4:00 65 King, Johnson 69 Koehler 73 Egolf 76 Nguyen, Coleman Squire, Golden, 4:20 66 Cathro 70 Love 74 77 Ritenour Mitchell 4:40 67 Ross 71 Roberson 75 Bley 78 Hook 5:00 68 Bogetti 72 Miller

Engineering Frey 070 Project Space; 3:00 – 4:00

79 Ho, Shaubach, Yeisley 91 Charney, Esch, Younger 103 Kunkle, Vivolo Breisch, Engle, McCormick, 80 Burch, Hah, Redcay 92 104 Loefstedt, Pardoe Stevens

81 Gover, Raboci, Yoder 93 Hahn, Thomas 105 Angione, Stiffler

82 Haas, Roper 94 Laub, Pasti 106 Ladeau, Moore, Schell Bordner, Brubaker, Goodwin, 83 95 Coshun, Bohn 107 Criddle, Hsu, Martin, Sloop Harro, Snozzi Collier, Dunmire, Gehman, 84 Kline, Peck 96 Conrady, Lim 108 Hannon Barr, Kratz, Moussa, Pardoe, 85 97 Nguyen, Torres 109 Eckman, Mavros, Shirk Tajiri, Zigarelli Grossnickle, McGovern, 86 Lord, Lowman 98 Heindel, Petersheim, Smith 110 Schandel, Troyer

87 Nguyen, Simpkins 99 Jacoby, Mast, Musser 111 Artuso, Burt, Quatrale

88 Padovano 100 King 112 Brenneman, Ernst, Sharkey

89 Keeports, Weaver 101 Barrett, Tomasetti 113 Chang, Morrissey

90 Goss, Warden 102 Bright, Roth

Evidence-Based Nursing Care Kline 108 & Kline 113; 3:00 – 4:00 Vande Bunte, Horst, Park, 121 Wright, Timmer, Ross, Coulson 125 129 Ahn, Kidwell, Boltz Hoke Zavala, Skotnicki, Lippert, Henry, Brincat, Abraham, 122 126 Flynn, Rashford, Stanaford 130 Harnish Schunemann Martin, Brunner, Folan, Dierkes, Harbert, Hollar, 123 Baum, Madore, Sheeler 127 131 Stikeleather Stoltzfus Carten, Ngo, Kieliszewski, Clemens, Thompson, Carter, 124 128 132 Lazio, Yoder, Brown, Heck Davis Williams

Natural Sciences Hollinger Atrium & Jordan Hallway; 3:00 – 4:00

37 Marburger 56 Feather 75 Bley Nguyen, Coleman, Brown, 38 Laird 57 Zwart 76 Brady

39 Sharples 58 Ritenour 78 Hook

40 Raugh 65 King, Johnson 114 Driggers

44 Georgetti, Holguin, Ormond 66 Cathro 115 Casey

45 Egolf 67 Ross 116 Reale

50 Coleman, Leiphart 68 Bogetti 117 Twaddell

Hough, Johnson, Marcotte, 51 Nevin 69 Koehler 118 Welshans Burlew, Hahn, Markey, 52 Schlegel 70 Love 119 Postma

54 Ross 72 Miller 120 Swank

55 Yoon 73 Egolf

Engineering I Alexander Auditorium (F110); 8:30 – 12:00

1 8:40 Mechanized Percussion Well Drilling - Creating a More Efficient

Well Drilling System for Sub-Saharan West Africa 108 109 Luke Betteridge, Amanda Luger, Kathryn Moyer, Joseph Longenecker‡†, Tesfayohanes Yacob†

2 9:00 Woodcrest Bridge Project

Dylan Clemente, Dexter Ehrenzeller, Andrew Joy, Scott Heisey†, 87 Brian Swartz†

3 9:20 VWOS, Village Water Ozonation System

Gabrielle Clapper, Hing Jii Mea, Ray Knepper‡†, Michelle 113 Lockwood†

4 9:40 Hollow Fiber Membrane (HFM) Million Gallon Filter Challenge

Melanie Aroniss, Kyle Margosian, Braden Olson, Thomas Soerens† 90

5 10:00 Mobile Medical Clinic

Kariana Senum, Stephen Smeiles, Jason Wright, Donald Pratt† 88

6 10:20 Electric Motorcycle

Will Cochran, Bryant Myer, Raul Serrano, Donald Pratt†

7 10:40 Lower Limb Prosthetic for the Developing World

Micah Curtis, Erik Listor, Chris Scheib, Emily Farrar† 79 80

8 11:00 Cycle Advancements for Rugged Terrain - Universal Hitch

Benjamin Sollenberger, Tim Van Dyke† 102

9 11:20 Mobility Tricycle Project - Rear Axle and Front End Redesign

Jared Detweiler, Rachel Mazurek, Daniel Loefstedt, Joshua Kunkle, 103 104 Joshua Pardoe, Daniel Vivolo, John Meyer†, Tim Van Dyke†

10 11:40 Mobility Tricycle Project - Drive Shaft and Brake Control Redesign

Samuel Duke, John Kreider, Daniel Barrett, Cordell King, Matthew 100 101 Tomasetti, John Meyer†, Tim Van Dyke†

Computer & Information Science Frey 150; 8:30 – 10:00

11 8:40 Digital Harrisburg

Steven Nicolais, Yacoub Seyni

12 9:00 SCORE International Non-Profit Accounting System

Recommendation Christopher Beam, Kyle Fischer, Dalton Wise, Nicholas Murrill

13 9:20 Food Pantry Application

Tiffani Singley, Benjamin Richardson, Grace Leveroni, Jeffrey Clark

14 9:40 Tally: Voting App for Impact Venture Challenge

Mark Ferris, Tom Stetson, Brett Levengood, Brian Nejmeh†

Physics Frey 343; 8:40 – 11:20

15 8:40 Low Cost, High Speed Correlation for Dynamic Light Scattering on a

Field Programmable Gate Array Katrina Schrock, Matthew Farrar†

16 9:00 Construction of a Thin Film Deposition System

Michael Joy, Niklas Hellgren†

17 9:20 Cosmic Ray Topography

Matthew Bressler, Abaz Kryemadhi†

18 9:40 A Search for Dark Matter: Prototype Development of Compact

Cosmic Ray Detectors Lindsey Barner, Andrew Grove, Caleb Sisson, Alexander Roth, Jacob Mohler, Abaz Kryemadhi†

19 10:20 Visualization of Newton's Laws

Michael Henry, Abaz Kryemadhi†

20 10:40 Cosmic Rays and Cloud Formation

Kyele Bridel, Abaz Kryemadhi†

21 11:00 Study Silicon Photomultipliers and LYSO crystals for use in Positron

Emission Tomography and Particle Calorimetery Matthew Bressler, Abaz Kryemadhi†

Mathematics Frey 349; 8:40 – 11:40

22 8:40 The Knight's Dance: A New Chessboard Problem

Dallas Saylor

23 9:00 Communication Strategies for Spontaneous Teamwork

Phoebe Chua

24 9:20 Pump It Up! : Impact Analysis Using Modern Statistical Methods

Angela deNyse

25 9:40 Curves of Pursuit: The Mathematics of Chase Scenarios

Victoria Dix

26 10:00 Deciphering Mathematical Cryptography

Jessica Martin

27 10:20 Crime Rates and Regression Analysis

Lucas Ratzlaff

28 10:40 The History and Development of Musical Cryptography

Rahel Schlogl

29 11:00 Storing Nuclear Waste in Japan

Victoria Seldomridge

30 11:20 Population Dynamics Throughout History

Rebekah Curtis Shoemaker

Engineering II Alexander Auditorium (F110); 1:00 – 3:00

31 1:00 Sustainability Efforts for Inclusive WASH

Elizabeth Bashore, Andrew Foley, Kaitlin Logan, Tony Beers†, 91 Thomas Soerens†

32 1:20 Flight Tracking and Messaging Systems (FTMS)

Daniel Marquez, Michael Torres, Hoang Nguyen, Harold 97 Underwood†

33 1:40 Panama Bridge Project

Katie Barrett, Benjamin Holderman, Benjamin Reinert, L. Bryan Hoover‡†, Brian Swartz†, Tim Zimmerman‡†

34 2:00 Intelligent Water

Jacob Sargent, Jacqui Young, Tony Beers†, Avery deGruchy‡†, 83 Randall Fish†

35 2:20 Affordable Sanitation: Design of Pit Latrines that are Resistant to

Soil Collapse 110 Adam Pozun, Gavin Stobie, Tony Beers†, Tesfayohanes Yacob†

36 2:40 Design and Implementation of a Demonstration System for

Combined Generation of Power, Heat, and Refrigeration 99 Mitchell Kauffman, Christian Rogerson, Brian Seip‡†, David Vader†, Timothy Whitmoyer†

Natural Sciences I Kline 120; 1:00 – 3:00

37 1:00 A Novel Synthetic Pathway for Aspernigrin A † Brady Marburger, Anne Reeve

38 1:20 Determining the Insertion Site of SV40 in the Genome of B6/K0 Cells

Ryan Laird, Lawrence Mylin†

39 1:40 Diet Selectivity of Slimy Sculpin, Cottus cognatus

Allison Sharples, Jeff Erikson†

40 2:00 Characterization of CD4+ T Lymphocyte Responses to the Simian

Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen in C57Bl/6 Mice Arielle Raugh, Lawrence Mylin†

41 2:20 Exercise as a Lifetime Commitment: Enhancing Adherence through

Effective College Wellness Programming Erin Sollenberger, Doug Miller†, Melinda Smith†

42 2:40 Assessing the Health of Cedar Run through Chemical Testing and

Macro-invertebrate Abundance and Diversity Alexander Jones, Jeff Erikson†

Natural Sciences II Hollinger Lounge; 1:00 – 3:00

43 1:00 Performance Deficits in Athletes Cleared for Return to Play

Following Surgical Repair of the ACL Daniel Chapman, Philip Gerhart, Matthew Lewis†

44 1:20 Sports Nutrition Programming is Needed at Messiah College Based

on Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes of Athletes Michala Georgetti, Natalia Holguin, Renee Ormond

45 1:40 Mechanism of Action of Schweinfurthins, A New Class of

Anticancer Compounds Shaun Egolf, Nancy Lill‡†, Jeffrey Neighbors‡†, Raymond Hohl‡†

46 2:00 Development of Comprehensive and Practical Pre-Participation

Screening: an Examination of Literature Colin Tomes, Matthew Lewis†

47 2:20 Engineering a Genetically-encoded Iron and Copper Indicator Using

Combinatorial Mutagenesis of a FRET-based Calcium Indicator Haleigh Minor, Jesse Kleingardner†

48 2:40 Effect of Early Sport Specialization on Functional Movement Ability

in Collegiate Baseball Players Kelsey White, Joey Twaddell, Matthew Lewis†

Natural Sciences III Jordan 159; 1:00 – 3:00

49 1:00 Evaluation of En Route Wilderness Spring Break Trip

Emilie Myers, Maggie Young

50 1:20 A Quantitative Mineral and Nutrient Analysis of M. oleifera Leaves

Lindsay Coleman, Paul Leiphart, Richard Schaeffer†

51 1:40 A Study on the Long-term Performance of the Sawyer PointONETM

Filter in Bolivia and Fiji Andrew Nevin, Holly Ross, Daniel Yeisley, Lawrence Mylin†, Thomas Soerens†, Erik Lindquist†

52 2:00 An Exploration of Chemical Sensor Development Using a

Functionalized Quartz Crystal Microbalance Kelsey Schlegel, Richard Schaeffer†

53 2:20 Redefine Living through Adventure

Cody Meassick, Rachel Johnson, Timothy Atwell

54 2:40 Increasing the Stability and Expression of Green Fluorescent

Protein in Pancreatic Cancer Cells for Metastasis Assays Holly Ross, John Harms†

Natural Sciences IV Jordan 161; 1:00 – 3:00

55 1:00 Investigating a Genetic Correlation between a Single Nucleotide

Polymorphism in a Splice Variant of CCK2R and Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation Sung Bo Yoon, John Harms†

56 1:20 Edible Forest Permaculture: Planning, Site Selection and

Implementation David Foster†, Lyndsay Feather

57 1:40 Characterization of Carboxylate Self-Assembled Monolayers on

Zinc Selenide Sarah Zwart, Niklas Hellgren, Alison Noble†

58 2:00 A Novel Monoclonal Antibody Against CCK2R Shows Promise as a

Tool for Studying Pancreatic Cancer Laura Ritenour, John Harms†

59 2:20 Propagation and Growth of Hydrastis canadensis through

Aquaponics and Tissue Culture Susannah Marshall, David Foster†

60 2:40 Zinc Selenide-Supported Self-Assembled Monolayers Functionalized

with Oligonucleotides Autumnn Merrill, Alison Noble†

Engineering III Alexander Auditorium (F110); 4:00 – 5:20

61 4:00 Solar Africa TCZ

Andrew Floro, Scott Kerstetter, Randall Fish† 84

62 4:20 Solar Panama

Elkan Nelson, Jonathan Lord, Spencer Lowman, Randall Fish† 86

63 4:40 Thermoelectric Generator Ventilation Hood

Brooks Arnold, Joel Ngui, Christian Sagcal, Joel Sibi Mark, Randall Fish†

64 5:00 Energy Monitoring and Management System

Wesley Ashton, Thomas Martin, Greg Talamo, Matthew 85 Wilkinson, Tom Austin‡†, Randall Fish†

Natural Sciences V Kline 120; 4:00 – 5:20

65 4:00 Non-operative Management of Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Rupture in a Men's Lacrosse Player Abbey King, Melanie Johnson, Wendy Cheesman†

66 4:20 An Analysis of the Diet of Pennsylvania Ring-necked Snakes

(Diadophis punctatus) Andrew Cathro, Erik Lindquist†

67 4:40 A Study on the Long-Term Performance of the Sawyer PointONETM

Filter in Five Developing Nations Holly Ross, Andrew Nevin, Daniel Yeisley, Lawrence Mylin†, Thomas Soerens†, Erik Lindquist†

68 5:00 Vegetables as Green Reagents in Oxidation and Reduction

Reactions Anthony Bogetti, Roseann Sachs†

Natural Sciences VI Hollinger Lounge; 4:00 – 5:20

69 4:00 Engineering HPDE Cells to Express Gastrin and Ascertain its Role in

Pancreatic Tumorigenesis Victoria Koehler, John Harms†

70 4:20 Self-Assembled Monolayers on Zinc Selenide Toward Biosensor

Applications Anna Love, Alison Noble†

71 4:40 Injury Prevention in Classical Ballet: Finding the Balance Between

Safety and Aesthetic Tessa Roberson, Matthew Lewis†

72 5:00 In a Cancer-Associated Splice Variant of the CCK2 Receptor, a

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism May Not Explain Intron Retention Matthew Miller, John Harms†

Natural Sciences VII Jordan 159; 4:00 – 5:00

73 4:00 A Search for New T Cell Epitopes within and the Evaluation of the

Immunogenicity of SV40 T Antigen-transformed Cells Grown without Fetal Bovine Serum Shaun Egolf, Lawrence Mylin†

74 4:20 "Let's Walk" Wilderness Trip Evaluation

Anne Squire, Jennifer Golden, Benton Mitchell

75 4:40 Novel Synthesis of Aspernigrin A: Progress towards Allylic

Bromination Ed Bley, Anne Reeve†

Natural Sciences VIII Jordan 161; 4:00 – 5:00

76 4:00 Color-Coded Menu Labeling has No Significant Impact on Calories

in Specialty Coffee Beverages Purchased on a College Campus Van Nguyen, Lindsay Coleman, Makenzie Brown, Brigitte Brady

77 4:20 Longevity or Diabetes? The Paradoxical Effects of mTOR Inhibition

Laura Ritenour, Cassie Tran‡†, Joseph Baur‡†

78 4:40 Targeting the CCK2 Pancreatic Cancer Receptor Using Epitope i4sv Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes Taylor Hook, John Harms†, Lawrence Mylin†

Engineering Frey 070 Project Space; 3:00 – 4:00

79 BioSTEP: Transfemoral Prosthetic

Vy Ho, Lyndsy Shaubach, Daniel Yeisley, Emily Farrar† 7

80 Research and Design of Prosthetic Lower Limb Components

Kaleb Burch, Ashley Hah Chien Vern, Luke Redcay, Emily Farrar† 7

81 3-D Printed Hand Prosthetic

Timothy Gover, Jessica Raboci, Jason Yoder, Emily Farrar†

82 Rapid Low-Cost HIV Diagnostic Device

Daniel Haas, Brianne Roper, Lily Gaudreau, Emily Farrar†, Matthew Farrar†

83 PumpMinder

Shawn Bordner, Chad Brubaker, Lydia Goodwin, John Harro, Sandra 34 Snozzi, Tony Beers†, Randall Fish†

84 Solar Africa EBI

Jessica Kline, Josiah Peck, Randall Fish† 61

85 Energy Monitoring and Management System

Seth Barr, Austin Kratz, Karine Moussa, Nathaniel Pardoe, Paul Tajiri, 64 Michael Zigarelli, Tom Austin‡†, Randall Fish†

86 Solar Panama

Jonathan Lord, Spencer Lowman, Randall Fish† 62

87 Woodcrest Bridge Project

Thien Nguyen, Mark Simpkins, Scott Heisey† 2

88 Mobile Medical Clinic

Mickey Padovano, Donald Pratt† 5

89 Basic Utility Vehicle (BUV) Firetruck

John Keeports, Jeffrey Weaver, Donald Pratt†

90 Hollow Fiber Membrane (HFM) Million Gallon Filter Challenge

Nolan Goss, Frederic Warden, Tony Beers†, Thomas Soerens† 4

91 Economic Wheel Design for Water Transportation Cart - Africa Wash and

Disability Study 31 Joshua Charney, Devin Esch, Jacob Younger, Tony Beers†, Thomas Soerens†

92 Bridges to Prosperity Design Manual

Kevin Breisch, Zachary Engle, Sean McCormick, Caleb Stevens, Brian Swartz†

93 WERCware Stress Alerting Technology

Ryan Hahn, Josh Thomas, Joseph Coshun, Harold Underwood†

94 Harrisburg Energy Audit

Anders Laub, Michael Pasti, Harold Underwood†

95 WERCware Application Development and Shutoff Solution

Joseph Coshun, Matthew Bohn, Ryan Hahn, Josh Thomas, Harold Underwood†

96 FaithConnect: Connecting Churches through Technology

Joshua Conrady, Keith Wei Luen Lim, Harold Underwood†

97 Flight Tracking and Messaging Systems (FTMS): Communications Group

Hoang Nguyen, Michael Torres, Harold Underwood† 32

98 Breath of Life Tropical Oxygen Concentrator

Katie Heindel, Spencer Petersheim, Michael Smith, Robert Reed‡†, David Vader†

99 Design and Implementation of a Demonstration System for Combined

Generation of Power, Heat, and Refrigeration 36 Ethan Jacoby, Timothy Mast, Nathan Musser, Brian Seip‡†, David Vader†, Timothy Whitmoyer†

100 Mobility Tricycle Project - Brake/Control Box Redesign

Cordell King, John Kreider, John Meyer†, Tim Van Dyke† 10

101 Mobility Tricycle Project - Drive Shaft Redesign

Daniel Barrett, Matthew Tomasetti, Samuel Duke, John Meyer†, Tim Van 10 Dyke†

102 Cycle Advancements for Rugged Terrain - Universal Hitch

Jonathan Bright, Alexander Roth, Tim Van Dyke† 8

103 Mobility Tricycle Project - Rear Axle Redesign

Joshua Kunkle, Daniel Vivolo, Jared Detweiler, John Meyer†, Tim Van 9 Dyke†

104 Mobility Trike Project - Front End Redesign

Daniel Loefstedt, Joshua Pardoe, Rachel Mazurek, John Meyer†, Tim Van 9 Dyke†

105 Better Briquettes

Giuliana Angione, Samuel Stiffler, Timothy Whitmoyer†

106 Biofuels: Burkina

Aaron Ladeau, Mayim Moore, Tyler Schell, Douglas Phillippy†, Timothy Whitmoyer†

107 Bio-Fuels: Seed Pressing

Tyler Criddle, Samuel Hsu, Hannah Martin, Bradley Sloop, Timothy Whitmoyer†

108 MPWD - Design of Mast Superstructure

Tyler Collier, Andrew Dunmire, Damaris Gehman, John Hannon, Joseph 1 Longenecker‡†, Tesfayohanes Yacob†

109 Mechanized Percussion Well Drilling

Dan Eckman, Althea Mavros, Greg Shirk, Joseph Longenecker‡†, 1 Tesfayohanes Yacob†

110 Affordable Sanitation

Kenton Grossnickle, Connor McGovern, Sydney Schandel, Duane Troyer, 35 Tony Beers†, Tesfayohanes Yacob†

111 Cumberland Pointe Futsal Court Project

Jacob Artuso, Peter Burt, Emily Quatrale, Scott Heisey†, Tesfayohanes Yacob†, Joshua Weidler‡†

112 Aeroponics: A Sustainable Alternative to Traditional Agriculture

Matthew Brenneman, Georgia Ernst, Erin Sharkey, Michelle Lockwood†, Nicholas Noss‡†

113 VWOS, Village Water Ozonation System

Elisabeth Chang, Luke Morrissey, Hing Jii Mea, Michelle Lockwood†, Ray 3 Knepper‡†

Evidence-Based Nursing Care Kline 108 & Kline 113; 3:00 – 4:00

121 Comparison of Patient Outcomes in 8-hour vs.12-hour Nursing Shifts

Mary Wright, Elizabeth Timmer, Julie Ross, Laura Coulson

122 Non-Technical Skills in a Crisis: Improvement Through Simulation

Rosa Zavala, Rachel Skotnicki, Rachel Lippert, Autumn Harnish

123 CIWA-Ar Tool Impact on Benzodiazepine Administration in Alcohol

Withdrawal Patients Sarah Baum, Kristen Madore, Michelle Sheeler

124 The Role of Nutrition in the Healing and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers

Samantha Carten, Dola Ngo, Angie Kieliszewski, Emma Davis

125 Interdisciplinary Interventions to Promote Exclusive Breastfeeding for the

First Six Months of Life Liz Vande Bunte, Elizabeth Horst, Monica Park, Hayley Hoke

126 Benefit of Support Groups of Oncology Nurses: Don't Forget About Us: We

Grieve Too Olivia Flynn, Amanda Rashford, Miranda Stanaford

127 Aromatherapy: The Intervention to Increase Sleep Quality in Cardiac

Patients? Abby Martin, Karen Brunner, Helen Folan, Claire Stikeleather

128 Depression After a Myocardial Infarction: A Complication not to be

Overlooked Ashley Clemens, Alissa Thompson, Rebekah Carter, Johannah Williams

129 Utilizing Multimodal Pain Control in Opioid Tolerant Postoperative Patients

Ashley Ahn, Rachel Kidwell, Katelyn Boltz

130 Abstract: Improving Patient Safety Outcomes Through Alarm

Management Techniques Katherine Henry, Michelle Brincat, Joyce Abraham, Amy Schunemann

131 Evidence-Based Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in the

Emergency Department Kelsey Dierkes, Megan Harbert, Rachel Hollar, Katie Stoltzfus

132 Impact of Telephone Support on Rate of Heart Failure Specific

Readmissions Hanna Lazio, Alissa Yoder, Erin Brown, Erika Heck

Natural Sciences Hollinger Atrium & Jordan Hallway; 3:00 – 4:00

37 A Novel Synthetic Pathway for Aspernigrin A

Brady Marburger, Anne Reeve†

38 Determining the Insertion Site of SV40 in the Genome of B6/K0 Cells

Ryan Laird, Lawrence Mylin†

39 Diet Selectivity of Slimy Sculpin, Cottus cognatus

Allison Sharples, Jeff Erikson†

40 Characterization of CD4+ T Lymphocyte Responses to the Simian Virus 40

Large Tumor Antigen in C57Bl/6 Mice Arielle Raugh, Lawrence Mylin†

44 Sports Nutrition Programming is Needed at Messiah College based on

Nutrition Knowledge and Attitudes of Athletes Michala Georgetti, Natalia Holguin, Renee Ormond

45 Mechanism of Action of Schweinfurthins, A New Class of Anticancer

Compounds Shaun Egolf, Nancy Lill‡†, Jeffrey Neighbors‡†, Raymond Hohl‡†

50 A Quantitative Mineral and Nutrient Analysis of M. oleifera Leaves

Lindsay Coleman, Paul Leiphart, Richard Schaeffer†

51 A Study on the Long-term Performance of the Sawyer PointONETM Filter in

Bolivia and Fiji Andrew Nevin, Holly Ross, Daniel Yeisley, Lawrence Mylin†, Thomas Soerens†, Erik Lindquist†

52 An Exploration of Chemical Sensor Development Using a Functionalized

Quartz Crystal Microbalance Kelsey Schlegel, Richard Schaeffer†

54 Increasing the Stability and Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein in

Pancreatic Cancer Cells for Metastasis Assays Holly Ross, John Harms†

55 Investigating a Genetic Correlation between a Single Nucleotide

Polymorphism in a Splice Variant of CCK2R and Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation Sung Bo Yoon, John Harms†

56 Edible Forest Permaculture: Planning, Site Selection and Implementation

David Foster†, Lyndsay Feather

57 Characterization of Carboxylate Self-Assembled Monolayers on Zinc

Selenide Sarah Zwart, Niklas Hellgren, Alison Noble†

58 A Novel Monoclonal Antibody Against CCK2R Shows Promise as a Tool for

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Laura Ritenour, John Harms†

65 Non-operative Management of Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Rupture

in a Men's Lacrosse Player Abbey King, Melanie Johnson, Wendy Cheesman†

66 An Analysis of the Diet of Pennsylvania Ring-necked Snakes (Diadophis

punctatus) Andrew Cathro, Erik Lindquist†

67 A Study on the Long-Term Performance of the Sawyer PointONETM Filter in

Five Developing Nations Holly Ross, Andrew Nevin, Daniel Yeisley, Lawrence Mylin†, Thomas Soerens†, Erik Lindquist†

68 Vegetables as Green Reagents in Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

Anthony Bogetti, Roseann Sachs†

69 Engineering HPDE Cells to Express Gastrin and Ascertain its Role in

Pancreatic Tumorigenesis Victoria Koehler, John Harms†

70 Self-Assembled Monolayers on Zinc Selenide Toward Biosensor

Applications Anna Love, Alison Noble†

72 In a Cancer-Associated Splice Variant of the CCK2 Receptor, a Single

Nucleotide Polymorphism May Not Explain Intron Retention Matthew Miller, John Harms†

73 A Search for New T Cell Epitopes within and the Evaluation of the

Immunogenicity of SV40 T Antigen-transformed Cells Grown without Fetal Bovine Serum Shaun Egolf, Lawrence Mylin†

75 Novel Synthesis of Aspernigrin A: Progress towards Allylic Bromination

Ed Bley, Anne Reeve†

76 Color-Coded Menu Labeling has No Significant Impact on Calories in

Specialty Coffee Beverages Purchased on a College Campus Van Nguyen, Lindsay Coleman, Makenzie Brown, Brigitte Brady

78 Targeting the CCK2 Pancreatic Cancer Receptor Using Epitope Specific i4sv CD8+ T Lymphocytes Taylor Hook, John Harms†, Lawrence Mylin†

114 Effects of Pollutants on Freshwater Stream Macroinvertebrate

Communities Benjamin Driggers, Jeff Erikson†

115 Optimization of Western Blot Technique for the Detection of the CCK2 and

CCK2i4sv Receptors with New Monoclonal Antibodies Sarah Casey, John Harms†

116 Engineering Metalloproteins for Fuel Catalysis Using Site-directed

Mutagenesis of CHIP Template Emily Reale, Jesse Kleingardner†

117 Lyme Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Recovery in a Track and Field

Athlete Joey Twaddell, Matthew Lewis†

118 Parents of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Indicate Interest in Learning about Nutrition Topics Despite Showing Confidence in Their Knowledge of the Same Nutrition Topics. Moriah Hough, Marie Johnson, Taylor Marcotte, McKenna Welshans

119 Project SHARE in Carlisle, PA Would Benefit from Offering More Foods that

Rank a One or Two on the Choose Healthy Options Program Scale in Their Monthly Distribution Box Alia Burlew, Kathleen Hahn, Claire Markey, Sarah Postma

120 Evaluating a Mini-Scale Hydroponic System for Arabidopsis thaliana

Justin Swank, Michael Shin†

“Cleft” Dedication 12:30 PM, Jordan/Kline Entrance A Sculpture Tribute to the Life and Work of Professor Emeritus, Karl Oberholser, Ph.D.

Dr. Karl Oberholser, Professor Emeritus, served on the faculty at Messiah College from 1976 to 2010, teaching courses in organic chemistry, analytical chemistry and biochemistry. He taught many students who would soon attest to the strong preparation they had received for continued study in medical or graduate school. Dr. O’s passion was for the three-dimensional representation of the structure and function of important biological molecules, especially proteins. He was a contributor to Proteopedia, a database for such structures and animations and regularly included students in the preparation of these visualization tools. “Cleft” is a commissioned work created by Messiah College alum and artist, Brian Menkis. It presents myoglobin, one of the proteins for which Professor Oberholser created interactive computerized animations. After binding oxygen in the cleft, myoglobin carries it through muscle tissue. We are grateful for Dr. Oberholser’s life and legacy.

Karl Oberholser, Ph.D. is shown beside a computer displaying an image of a three dimensional protein modeled using Proteopedia. The sculpture “Cleft” depicts a three dimensional model of the protein myoglobin which stores and transports oxygen within tissues and cells. One molecule of oxygen binds to the myoglobin within the deep pocket known as the “cleft”.

This icon indicates a project supported by, or conducted in association with…

The Collaboratory for Strategic Partnerships and Applied Research

Service today… servant-leaders tomorrow. The Collaboratory is a center for applied research and project-based learning in the School of Science, Engineering and Health at Messiah College. We add value to classroom learning by enabling participants to apply academic knowledge and live out their Christian faith through imaginative, hands-on problem solving that meets needs brought to us by Christian mission, relief and development organizations and businesses. The twofold mission of the Collaboratory is:  To foster justice, empower the poor, promote peace, and care for the earth through applications of our academic and professional disciplines.  To increase the academic and professional abilities of participants, their vocational vision for lifelong servant-leadership, and their courage to act on convictions. Areas of engagement include science, engineering, health, information technology, business, and education. Our projects enable students to engage classroom fundamentals in an authentic client-provider environment. Student leaders run the Collaboratory organization in partnership with the educators who mentor them. As God enables us to serve others today, we seek to grow as disciples of Jesus, to serve as God's stewards over the resources of our academic and professional disciplines, and to bear witness to the good news of the Kingdom of God. To learn more about the Messiah College Collaboratory for Strategic Partnerships and Applied Research please visit our web site at www.messiah.edu/collaboratory.

This icon indicates a project supported by the…

Steinbrecher Undergraduate Summer Research Program

The Steinbrecher Endowment for Research in the Health and Life Sciences was established at Messiah College in 2003 by Dr. Leroy and Mrs. Eunice Steinbrecher to support collaborative experimental research between students and faculty. Dr. Steinbrecher (Class of 1955) was a physician and longtime supporter of Messiah College. Eunice (Class of 1958) has served on the Board of Trustees at Messiah College continuously since 1987 and as chairperson of the board for 10 years (2000 – 2010).

The Steinbrecher Undergraduate Summer Research Program provides “heads-on, hands-on” research experiences essential to our School’s efforts to offer premier undergraduate health and science programs. The research must be experimental and collaborative in nature. Awarded on a competitive basis, the Steinbrecher scholarships provide housing, meals and a stipend supporting full- time research employment – forty hours per week – for between five and ten weeks of the summer.

We graciously acknowledge the oversight and training provided by Messiah College faculty and external collaborators!

Collaboratory Educators, Collaborators & Partners

Educators External Project Partners Collaborators

Tony Beers Tom Austin Ability Prosthetic and Orthotics Inc. Gene Chase Andrew Breighner AROMA Jeff Erikson Alex Brubaker Bridges to Prosperity Emily Farrar Chris Byers Burkina Faso Outreach Matthew Farrar Robert Clancy Dala Development Randy Fish J-Lynn Conrady Design Outreach Angela Hare Avery deGruchy Devilbiss Healthcare Scott Heisey Dan Eliott Forgotten Voices/BIC Zambia Nate Kamban Kerry Gofroth Forward Edge International Abaz Kreymadhi L. Bryan Hoover Harrisburg Public Schools Erik Lindquist Randy Jackson Hiinga Microfinance Uganda Michelle Lockwood Paul Klemunes JAARS John Meyer Ray Knepper Limbs International Ray Norman Joseph Longenecker Macha Hospital (Zambia) David Owen Steve Marquiss Messiah College Dining Services Nancy Patrick Rob Miller Open Door Development Doug Phillippy Nicholas Noss Rio Missions Don Pratt Robert Reed Sawyer Products Mike Robinson Brian Seip SIM Thomas Soerens Adam Shamenek SymBionyx Brian Swartz Liam Tanis World Vision Evie Telfer William Watson Harold Underwood Josh Weaber David Vader Joshua Weidler Ariela Vader Russ Woleslagle Tim Van Dyke Tim Zimmerman Scott Weaver Timothy Whitmoyer Lamarr Widmer Tesfa Yacob

We graciously acknowledge oversight and training provided by full time and adjunct Messiah College faculty of…

The School of Science, Engineering and Health

Biological Sciences Mathematics, Physics & Statistics Jeff Erikson, MS, MEPC Matthew Farrar, Ph.D. David Foster, Ph.D. Niklas Hellgren, Ph.D. John Harms, Ph.D. Abaz Kryemadhi, Ph.D. Erik Lindquist, Ph.D. Douglas Phillippy, Ph.D. Lawrence Mylin, Ph.D. Lamarr Widmer, Ph.D. Michael Shin, Ph.D.

Nursing Chemistry & Biochemistry Tara Jankouskas, BSN, MSN, Ph.D., RNC Jesse Kleingardner, Ph.D. Mary Lou Mortimer, DNP, RNC-NIC Alison Noble, Ph.D. Louann Zinsmeister, BSN, MS, Ph.D., NLN, CNE Anne Reeve, Ph.D. Roseann Sachs, Ph.D. Nutrition & Dietetics Richard Schaeffer, Ph.D. Amy Porto, Ph.D., RD

Computer & Information Science Brian Nejmeh, MS D. Scott Weaver, DPS

Health & Human Performance Wendy Cheesman, DPT, M.S., LAT, ATC Matthew Lewis, Ph.D., LAT, ATC, CSCS Doug Miller, Ph.D., CSCS Melinda Smith, M.S. Dave Tanis, D. Ed.

We graciously acknowledge the oversight and training provided by the following Nursing Professionals

Holy Spirit Hospital Presentation Rachael Capeci, BSN, RN 131 Amber Cunningham, BSN, RN, PCCN 130 Sherri Heffner, RN-BC 122 Barbara Mummert, RN 121 Megan Reeves, RN 132 Ann Wealand, RN-BC 122 Sherry White, BSN, RN 131

PinnacleHealth Presentation Marianne Allen, DrNP(c), MN, RNC-OB 125 Aleysia Altland, BSN, RN 126 Trish Bennett, MSN, RN, CCRN 123 Teresa Biagio, MBA, BSN, RN 125 Tiffany Boyd, MSN, RN, BC, CSN 126 Sue Ann Bruce, BSN, RN, VA-BC 129 Allison Carter, BSN, RN 128 Kathy Chester, BSN, RM, CCRN 124 Tina Daniels, BSN, RNC-NIC 125 Yana Dilman, BSN, RN, PCCN 124 Kelsey Drawbaugh, BSN, RN 127 Cathy Druckenmiller, BSN, RN, CCRN 128 Melanie Duffy, MSN, RN, CCRN, CCNS 124 Janet Ebersole,, BSN, RN 127 Kathy Fojutowski, BSN, RN, CRN 123 Kimberly Fowler, MSN, RN, CNS-BC, CHFN 127 Robin George, RN 124 Karen Good, BSN,RN, CCRN 129 Abbygale Hackenberger, BSN, RN, CCRN 123 Barb Hammar, MSN, RN 128 Katie Henderson, BSN, RN 127 Tamara Jelk,, MSN, RN, CMSRN 129 Lydia Johnson, MSN, RN, CCRN 128

Barbara Jordan, BSN, RN, PCCN 124 Alexis Leed, BSN, RN 128 Amy Lesher, BSN, RN, CCRN 124 Christa Mathews, BSN, RN 125 MaryAlyce McCormick, MS, RN, ACNS, ONC 126 Kaitlyn Palkon, BSN, RN 125 Morgan Petrie,, BSN, RN 128 Trevor Praetsch, BSN, RN 123 Deborah Schafer, MSN, RNC-OB 123 Patty Stetler, BSN, RN, CPAN 129 Kathryn Stewart, BSN, RN 123 Sue Tyson, BSN, RN, CCRN, CEN 129 Karen Wagner, BSN, RNC-OB 123

We gratefully acknowledge the following External Research Mentors

Presentation Joseph Baur, Ph.D. 77 Assistant Professor of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism

Raymond J Hohl, M.D., Ph.D. 45 Director, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute

Nancy L. Lill, Ph.D. 45 Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute

Jeffrey D, Neighbors, Ph.D. 45 Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute

Cassie Tran, Ph.D. 77 Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Pennsylvania Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism

We gratefully acknowledge the following Financial and Material Support

Presentation AROMA of Messiah College 111 Association for Bridge and Construction Design 33 CDM Smith 33 Century Engineering, Inc. 33 Computer Science and Engineering Research Experiences for 23 Undergraduates (REU) Program, Washington University in St. Louis; Drs. Brendan Juba and Sanmay Das Conrad N. Hilton Foundation 31, 91 CS Davidson Inc 33 Dala Development 5, 88 David Miller Associates Inc 33 Dawood Engineering Inc. 33 DeVilbiss Health Care. 98 Dillsburg Brethern in Christ Church 61 Friends of TCZ (Theological College of Zimbabwe) 61 Horst Construction 2 IBM 16 Intel Corporation 16 Larson Design Group 2, 33 McMahon Associates Inc. 33 Messiah College Impact Venture Challenge 64, 85 NASA (Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium) 18 NIH Grants: R01 AG043483 and R01 DK098656 to J.B. 77 NIH Grant: T32 DK07314 to C.T. 77 NTM Engineering Inc 33 Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science NSF-MRSEC (DMR-0820404) 57, 60, 70 Penn State Hershey SURIP Program 45

We gratefully acknowledge the following Financial and Material Support

Presentation Penn State Hershey Department of Pharmacology 45 Portland Technology Development Division 16 Sawyer Products International 51, 90 Steinbrecher Endowment for Research in the Health and Life Sciences 50, 51, 57, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 75 Steven Rossnagel 16 The Ray Deiner Fund 113 UGI Utilities, Inc. 36, 99 University of Pennsylvania Summer Undergraduate Internship Program 77 Woodcrest Retreat 2 World Vision 31, 35, 91, 110 World Vision Ghana 34 Zachary Sorrel 64, 85

Alphabetical listing of authors Index of Authors and corresponding presentation number(s).

Author Presentation No. Author Presentation No.

Abraham, Joyce 130 Burt, Peter 111 Ahn, Ashley 129 Carten, Samantha 124 Angione, Giuliana 105 Carter, Rebekah 128 Arnold, Brooks 63 Casey, Sarah 115 Aroniss, Melanie 4 Cathro, Andrew 66 Artuso, Jacob 111 Chang, Elisabeth 113 Ashton, Wesley 64 Chapman, Daniel 43 Atwell, Timothy 53 Charney, Joshua 91 Austin, Tom 64, 85 Cheesman, Wendy 65 Barner, Lindsey 18 Chua, Phoebe 23 Barr, Seth 85 Clapper, Gabrielle 3 Barrett, Daniel 10, 101 Clark, Jeffrey 13 Barrett, Katie 33 Clemens, Ashley 128 Bashore, Elizabeth 31 Clemente, Dylan 2 Baum, Sarah 123 Cochran, Will 6 Baur, Joseph 77 Coleman, Lindsay 50, 76 Beam, Christopher 12 Collier, Tyler 108 Beers, Tony 31, 34, 35, 83, 90, 91, Conrady, Joshua 96 110 Coshun, Joseph 93, 95 Betteridge, Luke 1 Coulson, Laura 121 Bley, Ed 75 Criddle, Tyler 107 Bogetti, Anthony 68 Curtis, Micah 7 Bohn, Matthew 95 Davis, Emma 124 Boltz, Katelyn 129 deGruchy, Avery 34 Bordner, Shawn 83 deNyse, Angela 24 Brady, Brigitte 76 Detweiler, Jared 9, 103 Breisch, Kevin 92 Dierkes, Kelsey 131 Brenneman, Matthew 112 Dix, Victoria 25 Bressler, Matthew 17, 21 Driggers, Benjamin 114 Bridel, Kyele 20 Duke, Samuel 10, 101 Bright, Jonathan 102 Dunmire, Andrew 108 Brincat, Michelle 130 Eckman, Dan 109 Brown, Erin 132 Egolf, Shaun 45, 73 Brown, Makenzie 76 Ehrenzeller, Dexter 2 Brubaker, Chad 83 Engle, Zachary 92 Brunner, Karen 127 Erikson, Jeff 39, 42, 114 Burch, Kaleb 80 Ernst, Georgia 112 Burlew, Alia 119 Esch, Devin 91

Author Presentation No. Author Presentation No.

Farrar, Emily 7, 79, 80, 81, 82 Holguin, Natalia 44 Farrar, Matthew 15, 82 Hollar, Rachel 131 Feather, Lyndsay 56 Hook, Taylor 78 Ferris, Mark 14 Hoover, L. Bryan 33 Fischer, Kyle 12 Horst, Elizabeth 125 Fish, Randall 34, 61, 62, 63, 64, 83, Hough, Moriah 118 84, 85, 86 Hsu, Samuel 107 Floro, Andrew 61 Jacoby, Ethan 99 Flynn, Olivia 126 Johnson, Marie 118 Folan, Helen 127 Johnson, Melanie 65 Foley, Andrew 31 Johnson, Rachel 53 Foster, David 56, 59 Jones, Alexander 42 Gaudreau, Lily 82 Joy, Andrew 2 Gehman, Damaris 108 Joy, Michael 16 Georgetti, Michala 44 Kauffman, Mitchell 36 Gerhart, Philip 43 Keeports, John 89 Golden, Jennifer 74 Kerstetter, Scott 61 Goodwin, Lydia 83 Kidwell, Rachel 129 Goss, Nolan 90 Kieliszewski, Angie 124 Gover, Timothy 81 King, Abbey 65 Grossnickle, Kenton 110 King, Cordell 10, 100 Grove, Andrew 18 Kleingardner, Jesse 47, 116 Haas, Daniel 82 Kline, Jessica 84 Hah, Ashley 80 Knepper, Ray 3, 113 Hahn, Kathleen 119 Koehler, Victoria 69 Hahn, Ryan 93, 95 Kratz, Austin 85 Hannon, John 108 Kreider, John 10, 100 Harbert, Megan 131 Kryemadhi, Abaz 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 Harms, John 54, 55, 58, 69, 72, 78, Kunkle, Joshua 9, 103 115 Ladeau, Aaron 106 Harnish, Autumn 122 Laird, Ryan 38 Harro, John 83 Laub, Anders 94 Heck, Erika 132 Lazio, Hanna 132 Heindel, Katie 98 Leiphart, Paul 50 Heisey, Scott 2, 87, 111 Levengood, Brett 14 Hellgren, Niklas 16, 57 Leveroni, Grace 13 Henry, Katherine 130 Lewis, Matthew 43, 46, 48, 71, 117 Henry, Michael 19 Lill, Nancy 45 Ho, Vy 79 Lim, Keith Wei Luen 96 Hohl, Raymond 45 Lindquist, Erik 51, 66, 67 Hoke, Hayley 125 Lippert, Rachel 122 Holderman, Benjamin 33 Listor, Erik 7

Author Presentation No. Author Presentation No.

Lockwood, Michelle 3, 112, 113 Mylin, Lawrence 38, 40, 51, 67, 73, 78 Loefstedt, Daniel 9, 104 Neighbors, Jeffrey 45 Logan, Kaitlin 31 Nelson, Elkan 62 Longenecker, Joseph 1, 108, 109 Nevin, Andrew 51, 67 Lord, Jonathan 62, 86 Ngo, Dola 124 Love, Anna 70 Ngui, Joel 63 Lowman, Spencer 62, 86 Nguyen, Hoang 32, 97 Luger, Amanda 1 Nguyen, Thien 87 Madore, Kristen 123 Nguyen, Van 76 Marburger, Brady 37 Nicolais, Steven 11 Marcotte, Taylor 118 Noble, Alison 57, 60, 70 Margosian, Kyle 4 Noss, Nicholas 112 Markey, Claire 119 Olson, Braden 4 Marquez, Daniel 32 Ormond, Renee 44 Marshall, Susannah 59 Padovano, Mickey 88 Martin, Abby 127 Pardoe, Joshua 9, 104 Martin, Hannah 107 Pardoe, Nathaniel 85 Martin, Jessica 26 Park, Monica 125 Martin, Thomas 64, 85 Pasti, Michael 94 Mast, Timothy 99 Peck, Josiah 84 Mavros, Althea 109 Petersheim, Spencer 98 Mazurek, Rachel 9, 104 Phillippy, Douglas 106 McCormick, Sean 92 Postma, Sarah 119 McGovern, Connor 110 Pozun, Adam 35 Mea, Hing Jii 3, 113 Pratt, Donald 5, 6, 88, 89 Meassick, Cody 53 Quatrale, Emily 111 Merrill, Autumnn 60 Raboci, Jessica 81 Meyer, John 9, 10, 100, 101, 103, Rashford, Amanda 126 104 Ratzlaff, Lucas 27 Miller, Doug 41 Raugh, Arielle 40 Miller, Matthew 72 Reale, Emily 116 Minor, Haleigh 47 Redcay, Luke 80 Mitchell, Benton 74 Reed, Robert 98 Mohler, Jacob 18 Reeve, Anne 37, 75 Moore, Mayim 106 Reinert, Benjamin 33 Morrissey, Luke 113 Richardson, Benjamin 13 Moussa, Karine 85 Ritenour, Laura 58, 77 Moyer, Kathryn 1 Roberson, Tessa 71 Murrill, Nicholas 12 Rogerson, Christian 36 Musser, Nathan 99 Roper, Brianne 82 Myer, Bryant 6 Ross, Holly 51, 54, 67 Myers, Emilie 49 Ross, Julie 121

Author Presentation No. Author Presentation No.

Roth, Alexander 18, 102 Stevens, Caleb 92 Sachs, Roseann 68 Stiffler, Samuel 105 Sagcal, Christian 63 Stikeleather, Claire 127 Sargent, Jacob 34 Stobie, Gavin 35 Saylor, Dallas 22 Stoltzfus, Katie 131 Schaeffer, Richard 50, 52 Swank, Justin 120 Schandel, Sydney 110 Swartz, Brian 2, 33, 92 Scheib, Chris 7 Tajiri, Paul 85 Schell, Tyler 106 Talamo, Greg 64 Schlegel, Kelsey 52 Thomas, Josh 93, 95 Schlogl, Rahel 28 Thompson, Alissa 128 Schrock, Katrina 15 Timmer, Elizabeth 121 Schunemann, Amy 130 Tomasetti, Matthew 10, 101 Seip, Brian 36, 99 Tomes, Colin 46 Seldomridge, Victoria 29 Torres, Michael 32, 97 Senum, Kariana 5 Tran, Cassie 77 Serrano, Raul 6 Troyer, Duane 110 Seyni, Yacoub 11 Twaddell, Joey 48, 117 Sharkey, Erin 112 Underwood, Harold 32, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 Sharples, Allison 39 Vader, David 36, 98, 99 Shaubach, Lyndsy 79 Van Dyke, Tim 8, 9, 10, 100, 101, Sheeler, Michelle 123 102, 103, 104 Shin, Michael 120 Vande Bunte, Liz 125 Shirk, Greg 109 Vivolo, Daniel 9, 103 Shoemaker, Rebekah 30 Warden, Frederic 90 Sibi Mark, Joel 63 Weaver, Jeffrey 89 Simpkins, Mark 87 Weidler, Joshua 111 Singley, Tiffani 13 Welshans, McKenna 118 Sisson, Caleb 18 White, Kelsey 48 Skotnicki, Rachel 122 Whitmoyer, Timothy 36, 99, 105, 106, 107 Sloop, Bradley 107 Wilkinson, Matthew 64 Smeiles, Stephen 5 Williams, Johannah 128 Smith, Melinda 41 Wise, Dalton 12 Smith, Michael 98 Wright, Jason 5 Snozzi, Sandra 83 Wright, Mary 121 Soerens, Thomas 4, 31, 51, 67, 90, 91 Yacob, Tesfayohanes 1, 35, 108, 109, 110, Sollenberger, Benjamin 8 111 Sollenberger, Erin 41 Yeisley, Daniel 51, 67, 79 Squire, Anne 74 Yoder, Alissa 132 Stanaford, Miranda 126 Yoder, Jason 81 Stetson, Tom 14 Yoon, Sung Bo 55

Author Presentation No. Author Presentation No.

Young, Jacqui 34 Zavala, Rosa 122 Young, Maggie 49 Zigarelli, Michael 85 Younger, Jacob 91 Zimmerman, Tim 33

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