DOCSLIB.ORG

EXPERT OPINION of GINO BIANCHI MOSQUERA, D.Env., P.G., CONCERNING CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED with the LA OROYA METALLURGICAL COMPLEX, JUNIN, PERU

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EXPERT OPINION of GINO BIANCHI MOSQUERA, D.Env., P.G., CONCERNING CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED with the LA OROYA METALLURGICAL COMPLEX, JUNIN, PERU EXPERT OPINION OF GINO BIANCHI MOSQUERA, D.Env., P.G., CONCERNING CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE LA OROYA METALLURGICAL COMPLEX, JUNIN, PERU The Renco Group, Inc. v. The Republic of Peru, Case No. UNCT/13/1 Issued: 18 February 2014 Prepared for: King & Spalding LLP GSI Environmental Inc. 4590 MacArthur Boulevard, Suite 285, Newport Beach, CA 92660 tel. 949.679.1070 EXPERT OPINION OF GINO BIANCHI MOSQUERA, D.Env., P.G., CONCERNING CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE LA OROYA METALLURGICAL COMPLEX, JUNIN, PERU The Renco Group, Inc. v. The Republic of Peru, Case No. UNCT/13/1 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Prepared for: King & Spalding LLP Prepared by: GSI Environmental Inc. 4590 MacArthur Blvd., Suite 285 Newport Beach, California 92660 949.679.1070 GSI Job No. 3880 Issued: 18 February 2014 GSI Job No. 3880 Issued: 18 February 2014 Biographical Summary of Gino Bianchi Mosquera, D.Env., P.G.: I am a Vice President and Principal Geochemist with GSI Environmental Inc. I received a doctorate in Environmental Science and Engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles and have more than 27 years of experience directing and conducting environmental projects in the United States, Canada, and Latin America. I worked for the National Research Council’s Committee on Groundwater Cleanup Alternatives, helped develop guidelines for site closure studies for San Diego County’s Hazardous Materials Management Department, and developed and participated in several applied research projects. I have served as a reviewer for U.S. EPA technical reports and professional journals and have published numerous professional papers on environmental issues, from fate and transport of contaminants to the sustainability of groundwater resources in developing nations. I have been an invited speaker by Peru’s Ministry of Energy and Mines and have served as co-chair of the Environmental Regulations and Compliance in Latin America course offered by Government Institutes/ABS, where I addressed technical compliance with Peruvian environmental regulations. I am currently a member of the Advisory Council to RIELA, the Latin America Network of Environmental Attorneys. My project experience ranges from assessment and remediation of soil and groundwater to directing international environmental due diligence and compliance projects to evaluating environmental liabilities in the mining, manufacturing, and petroleum industries. I am fluent in Spanish and have directed and participated in environmental projects in Peru since the early 1990s. My specific project experience in Peru includes the environmental impact assessment of mineral concentrate deposits in Callao to evaluate sources of lead in surrounding areas, developing training materials for mining sector personnel on selected potential environmental impacts associated with the mining industry, site assessment and acid wastewater discharge evaluation for a large manufacturing complex, investigating the availability of water resources along the coast, and evaluation of local regulatory compliance for several U.S.-based corporations with assets in Peru. I have also directed and participated in environmental projects in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and Venezuela. A true and correct copy of my resume that accurately sets forth my qualifications is provided in Appendix A of this report. Certification by Author: This report reflects my objective and independent assessment of this matter. Signature: Date: 18 February 2014 Expert Report Concerning Certain Environmental Expert Opinion of Gino Bianchi Mosquera, D.Env., P.G. Issues Associated with the La Oroya Metallurgical Complex, Junin, Peru GSI Job No. 3880 Issued: 18 February 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Project Objectives ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Scope of Investigation ....................................................................................... 1 1.3 Summary of Key Opinions ................................................................................. 1 2.0 History of Contamination at La Oroya ................................................................ 2 2.1 Contamination Associated With Historical CMLO Operations ............................ 3 3.0 The PAMA ............................................................................................................. 6 4.0 DRP’s Standards and Practices Were Significantly More Protective of the Environment and Public Health than Those of Centromin ................................ 6 4.1 Relevant Standards and Practices .................................................................... 6 4.2 DRP used standards and practices that were significantly more protective of the environment or of public health than those that were used by Centromin .... 7 5.0 Centromin Failed to Remediate Areas Contaminated by CMLO Operations in a Timely Manner ............................................................................................. 21 5.1 Centromin Was Obligated to Remediate ......................................................... 21 5.2 Postponing Remediation Was Not Reasonable ............................................... 22 5.3 Centromin’s Failure to Characterize the Extent of CMLO Impacts and to Undertake a Remedial Program Has Increased the Potential Exposure to Lead and Other Heavy Metals ......................................................................... 24 6.0 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 25 7.0 CITED REFERENCES ......................................................................................... 25 Tables Table 1: Estimated Impacted Area per Magnitude of Damage Figures Figure 1: Decrease in Volume of Effluent Discharged to the Mantaro River Figure 2: Decrease in Lead Emissions from the CMLO Main Stack (1975-2008) Figure 3: Decrease in Arsenic Emissions from the CMLO Main Stack (1975-2008) Figure 4: Decrease in Particulate Emissions from the CMLO Main Stack (1975-2008) Figure 5: Decrease in SO2 Emissions from the CMLO Main Stack (1975-2008) Exhibits Exhibit 1: Site Location Exhibit 2: La Oroya and Surrounding Communities Exhibit 3: Estimated Extent of Damages Due to CMLO Emissions in the 1920s Exhibit 4: La Oroya Complex and Waste Disposal Areas Appendices Appendix A: Professional Qualifications of Author Appendix B: Effluent Discharge and Air Emissions Data Expert Report Concerning Certain Environmental i Expert Opinion of Gino Bianchi Mosquera, D.Env., P.G. Issues Associated with the La Oroya Metallurgical Complex, Junin, Peru GSI Job No. 3880 Issued: 18 February 2014 EXPERT OPINION OF GINO BIANCHI MOSQUERA, D.Env., P.G., CONCERNING CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE LA OROYA METALLURGICAL COMPLEX, JUNIN, PERU The Renco Group, Inc. v. The Republic of Peru, Case No. UNCT/13/1 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Project Objectives On behalf of The Renco Group, Inc. (Renco), King & Spalding LLP has requested GSI Environmental Inc. (GSI) to evaluate certain environmental conditions, standards, and practices relating to operation of the Complejo Metalúrgico La Oroya (La Oroya Metallurgical Complex, or CMLO for its acronym in Spanish) both prior to and during Doe Run Peru’s (DRP’s) ownership. 1.2 Scope of Investigation We designed our evaluation to provide an objective analysis of the information obtained from Peruvian government agencies, Renco, and published scientific literature and books. Specifically, we reviewed: a) Data and reports submitted by DRP to Peruvian government agencies such as the Ministerio de Energía y Minas (Ministry of Energy and Mines, or MEM) and the Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Energía y Minería (Oversight Office for Energy and Mining Investment, or OSINERGMIN). b) Data and reports prepared by the Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (Office of Environmental Evaluation and Oversight, or OEFA), the Dirección General de Salud (General Directorate of Health, or DIGESA), Activos Mineros S.A.C. (AMSAC), MEM, OSINERGMIN, and their associated entities and consultants. c) Certain government resolutions and other relevant communications issued by OSINERGMIN, OEFA, DIGESA, MEM, and other relevant government entities. d) Applicable and relevant Peruvian regulations. e) Relevant reports, scientific articles, and books. 1.3 Summary of Key Opinions Pursuant to the project objectives defined above, our principal findings and opinions, which we hold to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty, are as follows: 1) In all respects, the standards and practices of DRP were significantly more protective of the environment and public health than those of Centromin. 2) Centromin failed to meaningfully investigate and remediate the historical contamination caused by CMLO operations in a timely manner. Expert Report Concerning Certain Environmental 1 Expert Opinion of Gino Bianchi Mosquera, D.Env., P.G. Issues Associated with the La Oroya Metallurgical Complex, Junin, Peru GSI Job No. 3880 Issued: 18 February 2014 3) Centromin’s failure to characterize the extent of contamination in the areas impacted by CMLO emissions and to remediate that contamination has increased the potential for exposure to elevated concentrations of heavy metals by
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chávez Venezuela
    A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details The Ghost of the Plantation: Race, Class, Gender and Popular Culture in Venezuela Nadia Mosquera Muriel Doctoral Thesis Submitted for Doctor of Philosophy in International Development University of Sussex November 2018 2 I hereby declare that this thesis has not been, and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature: Nadia Mosquera Muriel 3 UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX NADIA MOSQUERA MURIEL PHD IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT “THE GHOST OF THE PLANTATION”: RACE, CLASS, GENDER AND POPULAR CULTURE IN VENEZUELA Abstract In the age of #BlackLivesMatter in the United States and Reaja ou Será Mortx (React or Die) in Brazil, black political mobilisations across the globe seek to confront racial injustice and structural discrimination against people of African descent or Afro- descendants. A recent wave of North American, European, and Latin American scholars has begun to look at Afro-Latin American social movements in more innovative ways. However, English-language scholarship on Afro-Latin America rarely explores Afro- descendants in Venezuela.
    [Show full text]
  • R E P O R T JULY - DECEMBER 2016 Introduction
    M L K R E P O R T JULY - DECEMBER 2016 Introduction The academic and the leadership components for the MLK Jr. Fellowship Program cohort 2014-2016 reached their highest point the second semester of this year. Most fellows achieved a B2 or C1 level according to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) which means that their English language skills are high enough to communicate uently and thus make their curriculum stronger to seek/compete for higher education level opportunities locally and overseas. In regards to the leadership portion, the MLK Fellows had the chance to attend meetings and workshops led by experts that have touched on many interesting and important topics such as volunteerism, social responsibility, gender equality and sexual diversity, among others. Consequently, the MLK fellows have participated in community outreach activities that have solidied their commitment to making a positive impact. In these cases, the fellows have gone to vulnerable communities to give talks and workshops to young people, and they also volunteered to give English language tutoring. 2016 was also the year when the dreams came true for those fellows who had the chance to go overseas to participate in programs such as SUSI or summer camps served by international universities. This report is divided into three sections: the rst one shows the progress made in terms of the academic and leadership components by MLK fellows in each of the cities in Colombia where the program is served: Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena, Medellín and Quibdó. The second section includes some success stories of MLK students in dierent cities, and the last part provides a conclusion on the status of the fellows at the end of the program countrywide.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colombo-Venezuelan Border Through the Lens of the Colombian Press
    Bowdoin College Bowdoin Digital Commons Honors Projects Student Scholarship and Creative Work 2020 The Colombo-Venezuelan Border Through the Lens of the Colombian Press Diego Rafael Grossmann Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/honorsprojects Part of the Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, and the Latin American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Grossmann, Diego Rafael, "The Colombo-Venezuelan Border Through the Lens of the Colombian Press" (2020). Honors Projects. 213. https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/honorsprojects/213 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship and Creative Work at Bowdoin Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of Bowdoin Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Colombo-Venezuelan Border Through the Lens of the Colombian Press An Honors Paper for the Program of Latin American Studies By Diego Rafael Grossmann Bowdoin College, 2020 ©2020 Diego Rafael Grossmann Table of Contents Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………..3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Chapter 1: El Tiempo and the Colombian State as a Protector…………………………………..19 Chapter 2: El Espectador and the Inclusive, Democratic Nation………………………………..35 Chapter 3: The Border, A Global Spectacle……………………………………………………..66 Conclusion: A Fragmented Nation…………………………………………………………........97 List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………..101 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………........106 2 Acknowledgements Firstly, I owe tremendous gratitude to my advisor, Professor Nadia Celis, without whom this project would not have been possible. Her expansive knowledge, her encouragement, her attention to every detail, and her confidence in me have driven this project from the start. I also cannot imagine my Bowdoin experience without her guidance, support, and care.
    [Show full text]
  • Expropriation of Church Wealth and Political Conflict in 19Th Century Colombia
    Expropriation of Church wealth and political conflict in 19th century Colombia Mateo Uribe-Castro - University of Maryland LSE-Stanford-Universidad de los Andes Conference on Long-Run Development in Latin America, London School of Economics and Political Science, 16-17 May 2018 Expropriation of Church wealth and political conflict in 19th century Colombia∗ Mateo Uribe-Castroy April 25, 2018 Abstract The redefinition of the Catholic Church property rights was common in Europe and the Amer- icas during the late eighteenth and nineteenth century. In Latin America, the expropriation of the Church was framed in the violent process of institutional change after independence. This paper measures the impact of the expropriation of Church wealth on political violence, using data from Colombia between 1850 and 1900. Using yearly data on the number of battles per municipality, archival information on the reform, and a difference-in-differences and matching estimation strategies, I document a reduction of political violence in places where the Church was expropriated, and show the reduction was concentrated in municipalities with high political competition. The results are robust to several checks. This paper contests the traditional idea of the disentailment as a source of political violence by highlighting the alliance between the Conservative party and the Church, and the change in the landed elites' incentives to engage in violence. In an environment where elites competed over the rents from power, the moderni- sation of institutions lead, at least temporarily, to a less violent environment by undermining the bargaining potential of a traditionally powerful group, the Catholic Church. JEL classification: N46, O17 Keywords: Political violence, property rights, Catholic Church, elites, Latin America ∗I am indebted to Ethan Kaplan, John Wallis, Allan Drazen, Felipe Gonzalez, Maria del Pilar Lopez- Uribe, and participants at EH ClioLab-PUC Chile, LACEA, and UMD Political Economy Workshop for their comments and encouragement.
    [Show full text]
  • Agroforestry Systems As a Technique for Sustainable Land Management
    Agroforestry systems as a technique for sustainable land management AECID Unicopia ediciones ISBN: 978-84-96351-59-2 Depósito Legal: LU-168-2009 Agroforestry Systems as a Technique for Sustainable Territorial Management Main Editors: María Rosa Mosquera-Losada Departamento de Producción Vegetal Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Campus de Lugo Juan Luis Fernández-Lorenzo Departamento de Producción Vegetal Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Campus de Lugo Antonio Rigueiro-Rodríguez* Coordinator Departamento de Producción Vegetal Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Campus de Lugo Associate Editors for Andalusia block: Ana Belén Robles Cruz Pastos y Sistemas Silvopastorales Mediterráneos Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC) CIFA-IFAPA José Luis González-Rebollar Pastos y Sistemas Silvopastorales Mediterráneos Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC) CIFA-IFAPA Associate Editors for Extremadura block: María Lourdes López-Díaz EUIT Forestal Centro Universitario de Plasencia Universidad de Extremadura Gerardo Moreno Marcos EUIT Forestal Centro Universitario de Plasencia Universidad de Extremadura Associate Editors for Galicia block: José Javier Santiago-Freijanes Departamento de Producción Vegetal Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Campus de Lugo Esther Fernández-Núñez Departamento de Producción Vegetal Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Campus de Lugo Associate Editors for MAGREB
    [Show full text]
  • Monumental Palms in Galicia (NW Spain)
    PALMS Bernárdez Villegas et al.: Monumental Palms Vol. 65(1) 2021 Monumental Palms in Galicia (NW Spain) J. GASPAR BERNÁRDEZ VILLEGAS1, ANTONIO RIGUEIRO RODRÍGUEZ2, IGNACIO SILVA DE LA IGLESIA3 AND XESÚS I. FERNÁNDEZ ALONSO4 The green corner of Spain, Galicia, is an autonomous community and historic nationality under Spanish law. Galicia (Fig. 1) is located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, north of Portugal. Its 29,574 km2 of surface are divided into four provinces: A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra. Galicia has been inhabited since prehistoric UNESCO. In the Middle Ages, Galicia was an times. The contributions of different peoples independent kingdom. This and the Santiago and periods have left their mark on this land, pilgrimages, which contributed to cultural which, along with their own language, interchanges with the rest of Spain and other Galician (which has affinity with Portuguese), parts of Europe, contributed to forging the helped to shape its cultural heritage and Galician cultural identity. Currently, three of national identity. The megalithic period, Celtic the Santiago routes that run through Galicia culture and the Roman period, for example, (French Way, Northern Way and Primitive left important remains in the form of Way) to Santiago de Compostela have been monuments, such as tombs, castros (Celtic declared World Heritage Sites. settlements) and fortresses. Monuments such Galicia is not a land of palms. In continental as the Tower of Hercules in A Coruña, the Europe, only the Mediterranean palm oldest coastal lighthouse in the world still in (Chamaerops humilis) grows naturally; however, operation, and the Roman Wall of Lugo were its area of distribution does not reach Galician both declared World Heritage Sites by lands.
    [Show full text]
  • Aportaciones a La Flora De Galicia, IX
    Nova Acta Científica CompostelanaSilva-Pando, (Bioloxía),18 J. :et 37-63 al.: Aportaciones (2009) - ISSN a la flora1130-9717 de Galicia, IX 37 Aportaciones a la flora de Galicia, IX F. J. SILVA-PANDO1, R. PINO PÉREZ1, J. J. PINO PÉREZ1, X. R. GARCÍA MARTÍNEZ1, C. MORLA JUARISTI2, C. CEBOLLA LOZANO3, F. GÓMEZ VIGIDE1, J. L. CAMAÑO PORTELA1, S. RIAL POUSA1, D. ÁLVAREZ GRAÑA1, J. BLANCO-DIOS1 & M. PAZ ROSALES1 1 Centro de Investigación Forestal. CIF-Lourizán. Consellería de Rural. Xunta de Galicia Carretera de Marín km 3,5. Apartado 127. 36080-Pontevedra (España) Correo electrónico [email protected] 2 Departamento de Silvopascicultura. E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes. U.P.M Ciudad Universitaria. 28040-Madrid (España) 3 Departamento de Biología. Edificio Biología. C/Darwin 2. UniversidadAutónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco. 28049-Madrid (España) (Recibido, octubre de 2009. Aceptado, abril de 2010) Resumen SILVA-PANDO, F.J., PINO PÉREZ, R., PINO PÉREZ, J.J., GARCÍA MARTÍNEZ, X.R., MORLA JUARISTI, C., CEBOLLA LOZANO, C., GÓMEZ VIGIDE, F., CAMAÑO PORTELA, J.L., RIAL POUSA, S., ÁLVAREZ GRAÑA, D., BLANCO-DIOS, J. & PAZ ROSALES, M. (2009). Aportaciones a la flora de Galicia, IX.Nova Acta Científica Compostelana (Bioloxía), 18: 37-63 En este trabajo se mencionan 53 plantas de diverso interés para la flora de Galicia o zonas próximas. Se incluyen 3 novedades para España (Sesamoides minor (Lange) O. Kuntze x S. purpurascens (L.) G. López, He- dychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker-Gawler y Oxalis incarnata L.) y otra para Portugal (Bromus hordeaceus L. subsp. ferronii (Mabille) P.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture and Society in Medieval Galicia
    Culture and Society in Medieval Galicia A Cultural Crossroads at the Edge of Europe Edited and Translated by James D’Emilio LEIDEN | BOSTON For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV <UN> Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xxiv List of Figures, Maps, and Tables XXVI Abbreviations xxxii List of Contributors xxxviii Part 1: The Paradox of Galicia A Cultural Crossroads at the Edge of Europe 1 The Paradox of Galicia A Cultural Crossroads at the Edge of Europe 3 James D’Emilio Part 2: The Suevic Kingdom Between Roman Gallaecia and Modern Myth Introduction to Part 2 126 2 The Suevi in Gallaecia An Introduction 131 Michael Kulikowski 3 Gallaecia in Late Antiquity The Suevic Kingdom and the Rise of Local Powers 146 P. C. Díaz and Luis R. Menéndez-Bueyes 4 The Suevic Kingdom Why Gallaecia? 176 Fernando López Sánchez 5 The Church in the Suevic Kingdom (411–585 ad) 210 Purificación Ubric For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV <UN> vi Contents Part 3: Early Medieval Galicia Tradition and Change Introduction to Part 3 246 6 The Aristocracy and the Monarchy in Northwest Iberia between the Eighth and the Eleventh Century 251 Amancio Isla 7 The Charter of Theodenandus Writing, Ecclesiastical Culture, and Monastic Reform in Tenth- Century Galicia 281 James D’ Emilio 8 From Galicia to the Rhône Legal Practice in Northern Spain around the Year 1000 343 Jeffrey A. Bowman Part 4: Galicia in the Iberian Kingdoms From Center to Periphery? Introduction to Part 4 362 9 The Making of Galicia in Feudal Spain (1065–1157) 367 Ermelindo Portela 10 Galicia and the Galicians in the Latin Chronicles of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries 400 Emma Falque 11 The Kingdom of Galicia and the Monarchy of Castile-León in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries 429 Francisco Javier Pérez Rodríguez For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV <UN> Contents vii Part 5: Compostela, Galicia, and Europe Galician Culture in the Age of the Pilgrimage Introduction to Part 5 464 12 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Observing Political Change in Venezuela: the Bolivarian Constitution and 2000 Elections
    THE CARTER CENTER NDINDI OBSERVING POLITICAL CHANGE IN VENEZUELA OBSERVING POLITICAL CHANGE IN VENEZUELA: THE BOLIVARIAN CONSTITUTION AND 2000 ELECTIONS FINAL REPORT Written By Laura Neuman Jennifer McCoy LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN PROGRAM THE CARTER CENTER ONE COPENHILL ATLANTA, GA 30307 (404) 420-5175 FAX (404) 420-5196 WWW.CARTERCENTER.ORG FEBRUARY 2001 1 THE CARTER CENTER NDI OBSERVING POLITICAL CHANGE IN VENEZUELA 2 THE CARTER CENTER NDINDI OBSERVING POLITICAL CHANGE IN VENEZUELA TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Delegates 5 Foreword 10 Acknowledgments 11 Key Election Terms and Abbreviations 13 Executive Summary 17 Introduction 22 Historical Background 22 The Carter Center Role Voting Background in Venezuela 25 Election of Constituent Assembly 27 Functioning of Constituent Assembly 30 Constitutional Referendum and Floods 33 The Carter Center Observation of the Referendum The New Constitution The Floods The Congresillo 39 Preparing for the “Mega-Elections” 40 Electoral Reforms Carter Center January Mission Contracting Out the Election Process Candidates and Alliances Carter Center March Mission Audit Committee Technical Election Preparations Campaigning Begins Carter Center May Mission The Mega-Elections 49 The Carter Center Delegation Supreme Court Rules President Carter’s Arrival 3 THE CARTER CENTER NDI OBSERVING POLITICAL CHANGE IN VENEZUELA Preparation for July Election 54 Congresillo Decisions Technical Preparations Campaigning Civic Audit Committee Carter Center July Assessment Mission July 30, 2000, Elections 60 The Carter Center Election Monitoring Technical Experts Delegates Arrive Election Day Observation of Audit Appeals and Protests Assessing the May and July 2000 Electoral Process 71 Dec. 3, 2000, Local Elections and Referendum 73 Recommendations 75 Conclusion 78 List of Tables Table 1: The Voting Process 25 Table 2: Composition of the Constituent Assembly 28 Table 3: El Universal Poll, 3/22/00 42 Table 4: Presidential Election Results 66 Appendices A.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Formas De Sociabilidad Política En Popayán, 1832-1853
    Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras ISSN: 0122-2066 [email protected] Universidad Industrial de Santander Colombia Chapman Quevedo, Willian Alfredo Formas de sociabilidad política en Popayán, 1832-1853 Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras, vol. 18, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2013, pp. 321-353 Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=407539694004 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras, Volumen 18 - 2 Formas de sociabilidad política en Popayán, 1832-1853* Willian Alfredo Chapman Quevedo Magíster en Historia Profesor Universidad del Atlántico Barranquilla, Colombia Resumen El artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar y analizar cómo irrumpieron en Popayán durante las décadas de 1830 y 1840 asociaciones republicanas, las que paulatinamente le imprimieron una dinámica diferente a la política regional, convirtiéndose en el espacio propicio para que convergieran diferentes sectores y actores sociales. Basados en el citado fenómeno podemos afirmar que las asociaciones de la época se caracterizaron por: primero, su relación con el Estado o administración de turno, funcionando como mediadoras entre el Estado y la sociedad payanesa; segundo, su
    [Show full text]
  • The Boundary Between Ecuador & Peru
    International Boundaries Research Unit BOUNDARY & TERRITORY BRIEFING Volume 1 Number 4 The Boundary between Ecuador and Peru Ronald Bruce St John Boundary and Territory Briefing Volume 1 Number 4 ISBN 1-897643-12-8 1994 The Boundary between Ecuador and Peru by Ronald Bruce St John Edited by Clive Schofield International Boundaries Research Unit Department of Geography University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Tel: UK + 44 (0) 91 374 2486/2493 Fax: UK +44 (0) 91 374 2456 The Author Dr. Ronald Bruce St John, a graduate of Knox College and the University of Denver, specialises in the political economy and foreign policy of Third World states. He first visited Bolivia, Chile, and Peru in 1968 and has been a regular commentator on Andean affairs since that time. His recent publications include The Foreign Policy of Peru (Lynne Rienner, 1992) and Boundaries, Trade and Seaports: Power Politics in the Atacama Desert, Program in Latin American Studies Occasional Paper Series No. 28, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 1992. The opinions and comments contained herein are those of the author and are not necessarily to be construed as those of the International Boundaries Research Unit Contents Page 1. Introduction 1 2. Spanish Colonial Jurisdictions 1 3. Legal Cases of Ecuador and Peru 4 4. Abortive Negotiations 7 5. Spanish Arbitration 8 6. The Solomón-Lozano Treaty 12 7. The Rio Protocol 15 8. Recent Developments 16 9. Prospects 18 Bibliography 19 List of Figures Figure 1 3 Figure 2 5 Figure 3 11 Figure 4 13 The Boundary between Ecuador and Peru Ronald Bruce St John1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • El Negro Mama</Em>
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 3-22-2019 The Peruvian minstrel: an analysis of the representations of blackness in the performance of El Negro Mama from 1995 to 2016 Ana Lucía Mosquera Rosado University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, and the Mass Communication Commons Scholar Commons Citation Mosquera Rosado, Ana Lucía, "The Peruvian minstrel: an analysis of the representations of blackness in the performance of El Negro Mama from 1995 to 2016" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7861 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Peruvian minstrel: an analysis of the representations of blackness in the performance of El Negro Mama from 1995 to 2016 by Ana Lucía Mosquera Rosado A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Liberal Arts with a concentration in Africana Studies School of Interdisciplinary Global Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Bernd Reiter, Ph.D. Aisha Durham, Ph.D. David Ponton III, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 18, 2019 Keywords: media representation, Afro-Peruvian population, racial stereotypes, racist discourse, media studies. Copyright © 2019, Ana Lucía Mosquera Rosado DEDICATION To my parents, Ana Maria and Carlos, who sacrifice their dreams so I could fulfill mines.
    [Show full text]