An Evaluation of Prayer Ministry in the Teaching of John Wimber and the Vineyard Movement
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POWER PRAYING: AN EVALUATION OF PRAYER MINISTRY IN THE TEACHING OF JOHN WIMBER AND THE VINEYARD MOVEMENT by E. MARY NEVE A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Philosophy, Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham March 2012 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Prayer ministry evolved from John Wimber’s five-step model for healing prayer. The one-to-one encounter practised in ministry time was the third part of the threefold structure in a Wimber Vineyard event. Wimber’s personal history included conversion in his late twenties, church leadership, and knowledge of church growth. He drew on colleagues to build a theology of worldviews, the kingdom of God, phenomena and experiences, and the supernatural. This thesis argues that using his undoubted charisma he profoundly influenced Wimber Vineyard communities, who take every opportunity to engage in prayer ministry. Wimber, often using his characteristic rhetoric taught that observable signs, phenomena and manifestations occurring during prayer ministry could be understood by the participants to signify the presence, activity and power of God. Combining the research methods of participant observer and discourse analysis, I argue that Wimber’s charismatic leadership style obscured the strong possibility that the power of God and the Holy Spirit, can become indistinguishable from human power. The analysis reveals that Wimber could be uncertain about conveying this model to all, and that he could seem to own personally the ability to heal. Drawing on insights from professional counselling, this research proposes that a greater awareness of the significant difference between prayer ministry (Gods power) and power praying (human power) should be recognised and acknowledged by current Vineyard leaders and an appropriate response made. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have contributed significantly to this thesis. My parents, Rupert and Evelyn and the rest of my family especially my sister Ann have supported and encouraged me unquestioningly. They and my groups of friends have endured me endlessly ‘pressing on’ and still consistently encouraged me, (illness halted my progress for more than 3 years) picked up the slack where they could, took me in and fed me and gave me a haven to work in when I needed one. Thank you Graham and Maureen, Anne and George, Dorothy, Tony and Peggy, Trinity friends. My fellow Pastoral Team mates have always been a support and kept an eye on my progress. My particular friends Vivienne and Julia who have probably suffered the most and been the most help, talking and discussing, proof reading, offering comments and putting the whole project together with me. They have shared my passion and interest in this area of work. Thank you too, to my supervisors, from whom I have gained so much since I started this project, Dr Kenneth Wilson who initially saw some potential, Dr Nicola Slee, Dr Adam Hood and Dr Peter Hammersley from The Queens Foundation where I started this journey. And from The University of Birmingham, Dr Mark Cartledge who has been so supportive and Dr Andrew Davies who has worked so very hard to help me pull everything together over the last, but probably most intense part of my long journey. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: WIMBER VINEYARD PRAYER MINISTRY Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1. What Is Wimber Vineyard Prayer Ministry? ............................................................. 4 1.1. Power Evangelism ............................................................................................ 5 2. Renewal .................................................................................................................... 6 3. Personal Memories – My Introduction To Prayer Ministry ....................................... 7 4. Hopes For New Evangelistic Strategy ...................................................................... 9 5. ‘Ministry Time’ Taken Up By Churches .................................................................. 10 6. What Will Be Studied? ............................................................................................ 11 6.1. Prayer Ministry Encounter .............................................................................. 12 7. Why This Subject Is Important For Me ................................................................... 14 8. How May Prayer Ministry Be Studied? ................................................................... 17 9. Introduction To Theoretical Framework.................................................................. 17 9.1. Social Construction And Discourse Analysis ................................................. 17 9.2. Participant Observation .................................................................................. 19 10. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 20 CHAPTER 2: THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRAYER MINISTRY Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 22 1. The Development Of Prayer Ministry ..................................................................... 22 1.1. Prayer Ministry Or Professional Counselling? ................................................ 25 2. Some Influences On Prayer Ministry ..................................................................... 28 3. The Story And Expressions Of Renewal ............................................................... 28 4. Conservative Evangelicalism.................................................................................. 33 4.1. The Place Of The Scriptures In Conservative Evangelicalism ...................... 35 5. Charismatic Evangelicalism .................................................................................... 36 5.1. Prayer Or Counselling In Charismatic Evangelicalism? ................................ 39 6. Eschatological Issues ............................................................................................. 41 6.1. Eschatology And Wimber ............................................................................... 41 6.2. The Wider Picture ........................................................................................... 43 7. Restorationist Movement ........................................................................................ 44 7.1. Restorationist Authority And Leadership ....................................................... 50 7.2. Restorationist Discipling And Pastoral Care ................................................. 53 8. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 56 CHAPTER 3: WIMBER: THE MAN AND HIS THEOLOGY Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 59 1. John Wimber ........................................................................................................... 62 2. Lonnie Frisbee ........................................................................................................ 67 3. C. Peter Wagner ..................................................................................................... 73 4. George Eldon Ladd ................................................................................................ 78 5. Charles Kraft ........................................................................................................... 80 6. The Development Of Wimber’s Theology .............................................................. 81 6.1. How Does Wimber Vineyard Ministry Operate? ............................................ 81 6.2. What Are Wimber’s New Worldview Dominant Discourses? ......................... 83 6.2.1. The Kingdom Of God .......................................................................... 84 6.2.2. The Now And The Not Yet ................................................................. 86 6.2.3. Personal Evil And Evil Spirit/Demons ................................................ 88 6.3. Jesus’ Worldview Versus A Secular Worldview ............................................. 91 7. A Shift In The Worldview Adopted Is Necessary For Signs And Wonders ............ 93 7.1. What Can Happen When A New Worldview Is Adopted? ............................ 95 7.2. A Training Model For Healing The Sick? ...................................................... 95 8. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 98 CHAPTER 4: CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE OF WIMBER VINEYARD MINISTRY Introduction ................................................................................................................... 102 1. Wimber