Greening the Bottom Line 2012 California Companies Save Money by Reducing Global Warming Pollution Greening the Bottom Line 2012 California Companies Save Money by Reducing Global Warming Pollution

Bernadette Del Chiaro and Nicholas Matthews Fall 2012 Acknowledgments

Environment California Research & Policy Center sincerely thanks the many individuals, companies and institutions who generously provided information for this report, including: Cassie Cyphers, Elysa Hammond, and Dean Mayer at Clif Bar; David Comora and Brian Kelley at Fortistar; Laura Hamman at Gills Onions; Andy Alvarado at Golden Valley Unified School District; Arlene Calibo and Karen Powell at San Mateo County Community College District; David Brown at the Sonoma County Family YMCA; Gary Gerber at Sun Light and Power; Rick Brown at TerraVerde Renewable Partners; Virginia Lew at California Energy Commission; the Los Angeles Business Council Institute; Brad Cox of Trammell Crow/CBRE; Sarah Shaw of Constellation Place; and Ned McKinley, Ryan Welsh, and Mick Wasco with the United States Marine Corps. Additional thanks to Travis Madsen of the Frontier Group for his early strategic advice and editing support, and Buck Doyle for his research assistance. The generous financial support of the Arntz Family Foundation, the Energy Foundation, the Michael Lee Environmental Foundation, the Sidney Stern Memorial Trust, and the Tilia Foundation made this report possible. The authors alone bear responsibility for any factual errors. The recommendations are those of Environ- ment California Research & Policy Center. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our funders or those who provided review. Copyright © 2012 Environment California Research & Policy Center. Environment California Research & Policy Center is a 501(c)(3) organization. We are dedicated to protecting California’s air, water and open spaces. We investigate problems, craft solutions, educate the public and decision makers, and help Californians make their voices heard in local, state and national debates over the quality of our environment and our lives. For copies of this report, see our website at www.environmentcalifornia.org, or send $20 per copy to: Environment California Research & Policy Center 3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 385 Los Angeles, CA 90010 For more information about Environment California Research & Policy Center, please visit our website at www.environmentcalifornia.org, call our main office at (213) 251-3688, or e-mail us at info@environ- mentcalifornia.org. Layout: Harriet Eckstein Graphic Design Cover photo credits: (top row, l to r) Gills Onions, Gills Onions, Cupertino Electric, Inc., MCAS Camp Pendleton; (middle row, l to r) San Mateo County Community College District, SolarCity, Clif Bar; (bottom row, l to r) MCAS Miramar, Gills Onions, Cupertino Electric, Inc, Foundation Windpower. Table of Contents

Executive Summary 1 Introduction 5 Gills Onions – Oxnard 7 Golden Valley Unified School District – Madera 9 Anheuser-Busch InBev – Fairfield 11 Sonoma County Family YMCA – Santa Rosa 13 San Mateo Community College District – San Mateo County 15 Marine Corps Air Station Miramar – San Diego 18 Marine Corps Base and Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton – San Diego County 21 Clif Bar – Emeryville 23 Century Plaza Towers – Los Angeles 26 Constellation Place – Los Angeles 28 Conclusion and Recommendations 30 Notes 33 Greening the Bottom Line California Companies Save Money by Reducing Global Warming Pollution

Anheuser-Busch InBev Fairfield Sonoma County • 6 million lbs pollution reduced annually Family YMCA • $1.6 million saved over 20 years Santa Rosa • 200,000 lbs pollution reduced annually • $250,000 saved over 15 years Clif Bar Emeryville • 8.7 million lbs pollution reduced annually • $145,000 saved annually

Golden Valley Unified School District San Mateo Community Madera College District • 2.3 million lbs pollution reduced San Mateo County annually • 1.6 million lbs pollution • $250,000 saved within five years reduced since 2007 • $275,000 saved annually Century Plaza Towers Los Angeles • 4 million lbs pollution Gills Onions reduced annually Oxnard • $900,000 saved annually • 4 million lbs pollution reduced annually Constellation Place • $800,000 saved annually Los Angeles • 1.2 million lbs pollution reduced annually • $100,000 saved annually Marine Corps Base and Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton San Diego County • 9.5 million lbs pollution Marine Corps Air reduced annually Station Miramar • $900,000 saved annually San Diego • 250 million lbs pollution reduced annually • $800,000 saved annually Executive Summary

educing global warming pollution is strengthen sensible policies that encour- critical to protecting California’s en- age clean energy and energy efficiency Rvironment, but doing so can also de- innovations, such as the Million Solar liver big rewards for our state’s economy. Roofs Initiative and the Electric Program Investment Charge. This will ensure that All across California, businesses, farms, all of California’s communities will be able government agencies, schools and non- to make inroads into a clean, sustainable profits are demonstrating that action to energy future. reduce heat-trapping emissions can im- prove competitiveness and strengthen the bottom line. Energy efficiency measures Gills Onions – Oxnard and clean energy projects reduce waste, cut Gills Onions, a family-owned onion energy costs, limit exposure to fossil fuel grower in Oxnard, installed a biogas en- price spikes, and attract environmentally ergy system to turn its own crop waste aware customers. into electricity. Using onion peels, the system generates 60 percent of the annual This report highlights ten organizations energy needs of the onion processing plant. that have made investments in clean energy The system has also greatly reduced truck solutions, together reducing their emis- trips formerly needed to haul away onion sions of global warming pollution by the waste. equivalent of over 280 million pounds of carbon dioxide per year while saving more • Gills Onions reduced emissions of than $4 million annually.1 carbon dioxide pollution by over 4 million pounds per year, helping Cali- The steps these organizations have taken fornia to fight global warming. to reduce their operating costs and reduce global warming pollution are quickly • In 2010, Gills Onions saved $800,000 becoming the norm in the Golden State. through energy savings and reduced California should continue to adopt and labor and transportation costs.

Executive Summary 1 Golden Valley Unified School energy-efficient lighting and an efficient District – Madera pool heater. Golden Valley Unified School District is using renewable energy to help combat • The solar system will offset 219,000 the state budget crunch. It purchased pounds of carbon dioxide emissions a 1.1-megawatt solar photovoltaic (PV) and reduce over 3,000 pounds of other system that supplies 80 percent of the unhealthy pollutants each year. district’s total annual electricity con- sumption. • At the same time, the solar system will save up to $250,000 in energy costs • The solar array prevents 2.3 million over a 15-year period. pounds of carbon dioxide pollution each year. San Mateo Community College • The school district expects to achieve District – San Mateo County up to $250,000 in cumulative energy The San Mateo Community College savings by 2017 and up to $9 million District, which consists of College of San in cumulative energy savings after 25 Mateo, Cañada College in Redwood City years of operation. and Skyline College in San Bruno, has built five LEED Gold certified buildings as part of a capital improvement plan. These build- Anheuser-Busch InBev – Fairfield ings incorporate energy-efficient lighting, Anheuser Busch installed a large, utility-scale cool roofs, and digital temperature control 1.5-megawatt wind turbine at its Fairfield systems to reduce energy consumption by Brewery in 2011, adding to a 1.2-megawatt as much as 34 percent compared to similar solar array and a biogas energy system fueled buildings constructed to code. by brewing waste products. On a net annual basis, the turbine produces about 20 percent • Energy efficiency improvements have of the electricity needed at the plant. eliminated 1.6 million pounds of car- bon dioxide pollution since 2007. • The wind turbine reduces carbon dioxide pollution by 6 million pounds • The new buildings reduced annual per year. electricity costs by $275,000.

• The wind turbine alone will reduce energy costs by $1.6 million to $2.5 Marine Corps Air Station million over a 20 year period. Miramar – San Diego The Marine Corps considers energy independence to be a top priority, and it Sonoma County Family YMCA – has pursued renewable energy projects to Santa Rosa reduce its reliance on fossil fuels from the The Sonoma County Family YMCA in- commercial power grid. The Marine Corps stalled a 273-kilowatt solar PV array in its Air Station at Miramar is halfway towards a parking lot. The solar array produces 80 goal of producing all of its electricity from percent of the facility’s electricity needs on-site sources by 2017, with the bulk of and also doubles as a shade structure for this energy coming from a 3.2-megawatt vehicles. The YMCA has also installed landfill methane gas plant.

 Greening the Bottom Line • MCAS Miramar is eliminating the • The solar array reduces energy costs equivalent of over 250 million pounds by $145,000 each year—savings that of carbon dioxide pollution each year. are expected to grow between 5-7 percent annually. • The base reduced its energy bills by an estimated $820,738 in 2012. Century Plaza Towers – Los Angeles Marine Corps Base and Marine The Century Plaza Towers became a Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton LEED Gold rated building in 2011, a rare – San Diego County standard among high-rise office buildings. Camp Pendleton has installed more than To achieve this distinction, CBRE Group 2 megawatts of solar PV capacity through- invested in a variety of state-of-the-art out the base, including a 1.4-megawatt energy efficiency improvements, high- array constructed on top of a sealed-off tech transportation solutions, and other landfill. The Air Station has also installed sustainability initiatives including a highly an innovative skylight system in several efficient heating and cooling system, light- of its hangars and buildings, maximiz- ing improvements, and special window ing natural lighting and reducing energy coating to help keep interior areas of the usage. building cool. Its most significant measure, however, is a ParkHelp System in its park- • Camp Pendleton’s renewable energy ing garage that guides drivers to vacant systems have reduced carbon dioxide parking spaces, reducing traffic congestion pollution by over 8 million pounds and achieving significant fuel savings. through the first ten months of FY 2012, and the skylight systems • The various measures reduce global eliminate nearly 1.4 million pounds warming pollution by an estimated of carbon dioxide annually. 4 million pounds annually.

• Camp Pendleton has also saved • Building owner, CBRE Group, $844,754 in energy costs through the expects to save more than $900,000 first ten months of FY 2012, while the annually thanks to their investment in skylights save $103,000 in energy costs energy efficiency. each year. Constellation Place – Los Angeles Constellation Place, a 35-story high-rise Clif Bar – Emeryville office building, implemented a variety of At its headquarters building in Emeryville, energy efficiency measures and was the first Clif Bar has installed a 531-kilowatt high-rise office building in Los Angeles to “smart” solar array and solar water heating achieve a LEED Silver designation in 2008 system. The company also uses recycled and LEED Gold certification in 2010. Its packaging materials to ship its products. chief sustainability achievement is an al- most 1 megawatt (MW) solar PV system • Clif Bar’s solar array and use of that is one the largest urban arrays in the recycled packaging reduce carbon city of Los Angeles. dioxide pollution by more than 8.7 million pounds per year. • The roof-mounted 1 MW solar

Executive Summary 3 photovoltaic systems reduces global • Auction 100 percent of emission warming pollution by an estimated 1.2 allowances through the AB 32 million pounds each year. cap-and-trade program and use revenues from auctions to support • The solar electric systems alone are clean energy programs, energy saving Constellation Place an esti- efficiency, and clean transportation. mated $100,000 annually. • Promote large-scale energy efficiency improvements and distributed gen- eration with financial incentives and expanded net metering policies. Policy Recommendations By promoting strategies that reduce global • Generate at least 33 percent of its warming pollution, California can position electricity from renewable sources by itself to become cleaner and more prosper- 2020 and increase the requirement ous. California can also help businesses and going forward. consumers save money while creating jobs. Toward this end, California should: • Work cooperatively with other states and the federal government to • Limit global warming pollution by encourage and adopt similar global implementing AB 32. warming solutions.

 Greening the Bottom Line Introduction

lobal warming is the most important This is why Coca-Cola has committed environmental challenge of the 21st itself to being part of the solution to global Gcentury. It is also a challenge that warming. For example, the company re- quintessential American businesses like duced its greenhouse gas emissions from Coca-Cola have decided to address. global manufacturing by 286.6 million pounds in 2010, a two percent decrease “The consensus on climate science is from the previous year. Coca-Cola has increasingly unequivocal,” says Coca- also installed 400,000 hydrofluorocarbon Cola’s climate protection position state- (HFC)-free cooling systems throughout ment. “We have a role to play in ensuring the globe as of August 2011, reducing pollu- we use the best possible mix of energy tion of harmful HFCs. By ultimately phas- sources, improve the energy efficiency of ing out all HFC-producing equipment, our manufacturing Coca-Cola will reduce its global warming processes, and re- pollution by the equivalent of over 115 bil- “The consensus duce the potential lion pounds of carbon dioxide.4 on climate science climate impact of is increasingly the products we Coca-Cola has also used energy efficiency unequivocal.” sell.”2 to achieve cost savings. For example, all of Coca-Cola’s climate Coca-Cola’s new glass-door coolers and 95 protection position For Coca-Cola, percent of its new vending machines and statement global warming fountain machines use at least 40 percent is not merely an less energy than older models. By embrac- inconvenience, but rather represents a ing energy efficient business practices, problem that cuts to the core of its busi- Coca-Cola reduced energy costs by $163 ness model. For instance, global warming million in 2010, representing a major gain is likely to have negative ramifications for for the bottom line.5 global agricultural production, poten- tially increasing the cost of Coca-Cola’s Coca-Cola’s experience shows that it is pos- ingredients.3

Introduction 5 sible for businesses and other institutions to California not only has the muscle to get make tremendous strides to reduce global the job done, but also has the potential to warming pollution. Moreover, it is also establish itself as a global green economic possible to do so in a way that provides a leader. It is one of the world’s ten largest boon to California’s economy. economies,9 and as might be expected, it is also the 12th largest emitter of greenhouse This report highlights ten different in- gases.10 Achieving deep cuts in carbon stitutions that have invested in energy dioxide and other pollution sources will efficiency solutions and clean renewable not be easy, but as these stories will show, energy projects. As a result, these institu- California has the economic strength to tions—which run the gamut from busi- get the job done. Sustaining a cooperative nesses, government agencies, schools, effort where all Californians find ways to farms, and nonprofits—have reduced contribute—including businesses and job global warming pollution and helped the creators—will enshrine California as a environment, all while strengthening their model for the rest of the world. own bottom lines. Good policymaking will be crucial to the California and its businesses have access to success of these efforts. By strengthening a wealth of opportunities to achieve eco- legislation and policies that reduce global nomic and environmental breakthroughs. warming pollution, such as AB 32, the For example, California has some of the Million Solar Roofs Initiative, and the strongest distributed solar power resources Electric Program Investment Charge, in the United States, with statewide capac- California can incentivize more businesses ity at over 1 gigawatt and increasing.6 It is and other entities to take advantage of these also enhancing energy efficiency standards opportunities. Widespread adoption of in buildings. Rajendra Pachauri, the chair- “green” energy practices is a surefire way man of the United Nations Intergovern- to promote economic growth, protect the mental Panel on Climate Change, has environment, and improve our collective argued that building efficiency represents quality of life. the “largest potential for the reduction of emissions” in California.7 In May 2012, the The time for action on global warming is California Energy Commission responded, at hand. These stories will demonstrate adopting rules that will boost the energy how Californians have already made in- efficiency of new buildings by as much as vestments to reduce their greenhouse gas 30 percent.8 emissions while achieving profitable re- turns. Their success should inspire others to follow in turn.

 Greening the Bottom Line Gills Onions Oxnard, California

• Cut global warming pollution by over 4 million pounds per year.

• Produces all of its onion processing plant’s baseload electricity needs using energy from onion peels and scraps, saving $800,000 in 2010. Gills Onions operates an Advanced Energy Recovery System that converts onion waste into energy, saving the company $800,000 and eliminating 4 million pounds of global warming pollution each year. Credit: Gills Onions

ills Onions, located in Oxnard, CA, 2009, the company installed an Advanced is one of the world’s largest family- Energy Recovery System. The system Gowned onion farms and onion transforms waste onion peels into biogas. processing facilities. Since its founding Then, the biogas fuels a pair of 300 kilowatt in 1983, Gills Onions has distinguished hydrogen fuel cells, which generate clean, itself as an environmental leader in the local electricity. Any remaining solid onion agricultural sector. waste ends up as cattle feed.13

Gills Onions’ processing facility produces The system produces all of the plant’s a significant amount of onion waste in the baseload electricity needs—equivalent to form of peels, tops, and tails—up to 1.5 approximately 60% of its electricity usage million pounds of waste in any given week, in a typical year.14 This saves the company or enough material to fill 75 dump trucks about $700,000 annually in avoided or tankers.11 Prior to 2009, Gills Onions electricity costs. By preventing truck trips disposed of this onion waste by spreading to haul onion waste off site, the biomass it over onion fields for use as a fertilizer, a energy system also saves the company practice that is standard in the industry. another $400,000 in avoided waste disposal However, this method required intensive expenses.15 The annual operating cost of labor and handling and had significant the system is just $300,000, resulting in environmental drawbacks.12 $800,000 in savings in 2010.16 Gills Onions expects the savings to fully cover the cost Gills Onions decided to repurpose its of the system within 6 years, generating a onion waste in a sustainable way. In July strong return on its investment.17

Gills Onions - Oxnard 7 To help finance the $10.8 million project, the world’s largest vanadium flow battery Gills Onions took advantage of several system. The system allows Gills Onions state and federal clean energy incentives. to store energy produced by its onion- These included a $2.7 million grant from powered fuel cells for long periods of time. Sempra Energy as part of California’s Self During parts of the day when electricity Generation Incentive Program, as well as rates are lowest, the battery system stores $3.2 million from the American Recov- energy, and when expensive peak rates ery and Reinvestment Act.18 In addition, come into effect, the battery discharges Gills benefited from a $499,000 Research, power. This arrangement maximizes the Development and Demonstration grant cost savings of the system. from the California Energy Commission to conduct research to evaluate the biogas “It is an opportunity to help stay ahead produced at Gills Onions and to demon- of regulation and appeal to the growing strate gas cleaning and conditioning of the segment of environmentally-conscious high sulfur contaminated biogas so that it buyers,” Ms. Rodoni added. can be used in the fuel cell power plant.19 Gills Onions has also taken steps to make “We believe the driving force behind sus- their transportation operations more ef- tainability starts with a good business case,” ficient. In 2009, Gills Onions partnered said Nikki Rodoni, director of sustainability with the University of California, Santa at Gills Onions. “We set out to discover the Barbara’s Bren School of Environmental economic savings that also translate into Science and Management to calculate environmental benefits.” vehicle usage, energy consumption, and emissions of their vehicle fleet. Together, These environmental benefits stem from they concluded that vehicles were respon- both clean energy generation and waste sible for over 38 percent of the company’s diversion. Electricity from the two fuel cells energy consumption.23 Furthermore, they prevents 112,000 cubic feet of natural gas found that Gills Onions relied almost en- combustion each day. The reduced truck tirely on diesel to meet its fuel demands. traffic saves 40,000 gallons of diesel fuel annually.20 The system also reduces over 4 Gills Onions responded with several mea- million pounds of carbon dioxide pollution sures to reduce transportation emissions. associated with grid electricity usage each For example, the company replaced its fleet year.21 In addition, Gills benefited from an- of trucks with more efficient Freightliners other California Energy Commission grant and equipped them with lighter wide-base in the amount of $400,000 to demonstrate tires. As a result, the company reduced the use of a membrane filtration system to transportation energy usage by 20 percent clean and reuse wastewater produced from and eliminated 40,000 gallons of diesel fuel Gills Onions. This reclaimed wastewater consumption per year. It also prevented will be used in the evaporative cooling at least 266,750 pounds of carbon dioxide towers at the processing plant. This could pollution annually and ensured that the reduce fresh city water demand by 45,000 company will be in compliance with Cali- gallons per day, decrease the volume of fornia’s 2017 vehicle smog regulations.24 wastewater disposed, and ultimately further reduce energy associated with water convey- “We understand that adopting sustainable ance and treatment.”22 practices is not only the right thing to do, but also makes our business more efficient,” In 2012, Gills Onions began operating said Ms. Rodoni.

 Greening the Bottom Line Golden Valley Unified School District Madera, California

• Obtaining 80 percent of district electricity needs from on-site solar power, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 2.3 million pounds per year.

• Projected to achieve cumulative energy cost savings of $250,000 within five years, with even greater energy savings in These solar panels at Webster Elementary School are part of subsequent years. a 1.1 megawatt solar PV project installed by Golden Valley Unified School District. Credit: Cupertino Electric, Inc.

ike all public school districts in dollars for its schools. In June 2012, the California, the Golden Valley Unified district oversaw the finishing touches on LSchool District (GVUSD), located several brand new solar power systems in- east of the Central Valley town of Madera, stalled at four schools and its headquarters California, has had to contend with a chal- building. TerraVerde Renewable Partners, lenging fiscal climate created by the state’s a California renewable energy company ongoing budget crisis. This was made pos- based in Larkspur, was responsible for sible without upfront expenditures through advising the district on the project. several affordable funding mechanisms. Cupertino Electric, the main contractor Rising energy costs have a significant on the project, installed nearly 4,000 solar impact on school district budgets. Ac- photovoltaic panels on district property, cording to ENERGY STAR, the federal with a combined capacity of more than 1.1 government’s energy efficiency program, megawatts. Eighty percent of the panels America’s K-12 school districts spend near- are mounted at ground level on unused ly $6 billion on energy costs each year—or property, while twenty percent of the more money than is spent on textbooks panels are elevated and double as shade and computers combined.25 This poses a structures for parking lots and outdoor significant drain on school finances. play areas. GVUSD expects to produce approximately 1.7 million kilowatt-hours GVUSD has adopted a strategy to reduce (kWh) of electricity annually, accounting energy costs through renewable energy for over 80 percent of its total electricity solutions, thereby preserving precious consumption on a net annual basis. In fact,

Golden Valley Unified School District - Madera 9 seven of the district’s ten utility meters will The cost savings for the district are consid- be offset exclusively through solar power, erable, and they will be noticeable within offsetting 98% of the District’s electricity the first year of operation. By 2017, the bills at those meters.26 district will have achieved net cumulative savings of more than a quarter million GVUSD decided to purchase the solar dollars. And over twenty-five years, the installation outright, rather than rely on district has the potential to accumulate a leasing agreement. This was possible nine million dollars in total savings. without upfront expenditures, as the dis- trict took advantage of several affordable There are also substantial revenue op- funding mechanisms. The California portunities for the district. The district Energy Commission approved a low inter- will have access to a performance-based est loan to cover approximately half the incentive program offered by PG&E via the cost, payable over 15 years. The rest was California Solar Initiative. The district will covered by sales of Certificates of Partici- have five years of eligibility for the program, pation (COPs), a form of lease financing during which it will receive a monthly rebate often used by California school districts. based on the amount of solar electricity it COPs are tax-exempt obligations and are generates. Dr. Brown also added that the typically repaid from the district’s general district should be able to sell renewable fund, from developer fees, or in the case energy credits valued at approximately of solar power, from energy cost savings $700,000 over the next 25 years.30 and incentives generated by the project. The district will have the option of mak- The solar installation will also have tremen- ing early payments on both the loan and dous benefits for the environment on top of COPs if surplus funding allows.27 their value as an educational resource. The project will eliminate 2.3 million pounds Dr. Rick Brown, President of TerraVerde, of carbon dioxide pollution on an annual said that the arrangement would produce basis.31 immediate savings. “The prime motivation for the district is to reduce electricity costs The project will also help put a dent in the over the long-term,” he said.28 Central Valley’s notoriously poor air qual- ity.32 The district’s solar electricity usage The district will save money in two ways. will prevent the emission of more than 2,300 First, the amount of money the district pounds of unhealthy spends on monthly repayments and solar chemical pollutants “Our Board was maintenance costs will be less than what the like sulfur dioxide, committed to district had previously paid Pacific Gas and oxides of nitrogen, leaving a legacy… Electric for an equivalent amount of grid- particulate matter, for succeeding based electricity. And second, while the price and volatile com- generations of of energy is likely to increase in the future, pounds each year.33 students, parents, the district’s solar electricity costs will remain staff and our almost the same as they are today, thanks to “Our Board was community.” fixed monthly repayment rates. committed to leav- Andy Alvarado, ing a legacy…for Superintendent “Our annual cost of electricity will be no succeeding genera- greater than what we paid in the last year tions of students, parents, staff and our before we converted to solar,” said Andy community,” Superintendent Alvarado Alvarado, GVUSD Superintendent.29 concluded.

10 Greening the Bottom Line Anheuser-Busch Brewery Fairfield, California

• Installed an on-site 1.5-megawatt wind turbine.

• Reducing 6 million pounds of carbon dioxide pollution annually and saving at least $1.6 million over twenty years with wind energy.

Anheuser-Busch InBev constructed a 1.5-megawatt wind turbine at its Fairfield brewery, meeting 20 percent of its annual on-site electricity needs. Credit: Foundation Windpower

he brewing industry is a major part of In November 2011, the view from the California’s economy. According to freeway became even more memorable. Tstatistics from the Brewers’ Almanac, The brewery installed a wind turbine on which is published annually by the Beer its property that towers over 300 feet in Institute, California leads the nation in the height. number of breweries that are based in the state. The industry also claims to directly The $4 million General Electric turbine or indirectly support nearly a quarter mil- takes advantage of the area’s substantial lion jobs in California.34 wind potential, which is fed by the pres- ence of nearby waterways like the Suisin One of the largest breweries in the state Bay. In fact, the Fairfield brewery is less is the Anheuser-Busch InBev facility than twenty miles from one of Northern in Fairfield. The 700,000 square-foot California’s largest wind farms, located in brewery produces 4.4 million barrels of the Montezuma Hills near Rio Vista. beer annually.35 It is also a familiar sight for motorists who travel on Interstate 80 The wind turbine itself has a capacity of between Sacramento and the San Fran- 1.5 megawatts, and on an annual basis, cisco Bay Area, thanks to the prominent the brewery expects to generate approxi- “Budweiser” sign emblazoned on the side mately 3.5 million kilowatt-hours (kWh) of the building. of electricity—enough to power nearly 400

Anheuser-Busch InBev - Fairfield 11 homes. The brewery has estimated that the twenty years.39 These savings are achieved turbine will meet up to 20 percent of its because the power purchaser (in this case, yearly electricity needs,36 or enough energy the brewery) is locked into paying a stable to produce 25,000 cases of beer per day, on rate that remains the same regardless of average.37 projected increases in utility electricity The brewery has prices. The environ- estimated that the mental benefits turbine will meet Anheuser-Busch and Foundation Energy are also sub- up to 20 percent of also took advantage of financial incentives stantial. Because its yearly electricity to make the project a reality, which came in wind energy is needs, or enough to the form of state rebates designed to bring clean and pro- produce 25,000 cases California closer to its goal of producing duces no emis- of beer per day, 33 percent of its power from renewable 40 sions, the turbine on average. sources by 2020. is expected to help prevent the In addition to its wind turbine, the Fairfield emission of more than 6 million pounds of brewery has also developed other alterna- carbon dioxide pollution each year.38 tive energy projects with great success. For example, it has worked with SunEdison to Although Anheuser-Busch owns the land install approximately 6500 solar panels on where the turbine is sited, the company did 6.5 acres of its property;41 the solar panels not purchase the wind turbine. Instead, have a capacity of 1.2 megawatts and sat- Anheuser-Busch signed a power purchas- isfied 3 percent of the brewery’s electric- ing agreement with Foundation Energy, a ity demand in 2009.42 In optimal weather renewable energy company based in San conditions—namely, with the sun shining Francisco. The power purchasing agree- and the wind gusting—the brewery can ment allows Anheuser-Busch to reap the generate up to half of its electricity needs advantages of the wind turbine with mini- from their on-site wind and solar energy mal upfront cost. Under this arrangement, projects.43 Foundation Energy owns and operates the turbine on leased land, and then sells the Furthermore, the brewery has replaced electricity back to the brewery to achieve 15 percent of its natural gas use through a return on its investment. a bio-energy recovery system (BERS). The BERS system converts nutrients Foundation Energy estimates that custom- in brewing wastewater into a renewable ers such as Anheuser-Busch can cumula- methane biogas that can be used for energy. tively save between $1.6 million and $2.5 Anheuser-Busch utilizes such systems at million over the lifetime of their agree- facilities all over the country, making it the ments, which extend for a minimum of nation’s largest BERS operator.44

12 Greening the Bottom Line Sonoma County Family YMCA Santa Rosa, California

• Constructed a 273 kilowatt solar PV carport system, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by more than 200,000 pounds annually

• Achieving energy savings of $250,000 over a 15-year period

The Sonoma County Family YMCA installed carport- mounted solar PV system in its parking lot. The YMCA expects to save up to $250,000 over a 15-year period. Credit: SolarCity

onprofit organizations often provide The installation was constructed in the valuable services to California’s YMCA’s parking lot, with solar panels Nresidents and can greatly improve mounted on top of a carport structure. the quality of life in their communities. This was an ideal design solution that ac- In Santa Rosa, one such organization—the commodated the YMCA’s small property YMCA—has taken advantage of solar size, and as Mr. Brown pointed out, the power to reduce its energy costs, contrib- carport also has added advantages. ute to cleaner air, and better promote its core values of youth development, healthy “Not only does it provide alternative living, and social responsibility. In 2009, electricity generated through our solar the Sonoma County Family YMCA, led panels, it also provides shade for the cars by CEO David Brown, consulted with that park there during the hot summer,” TerraVerde Renewable Partners and con- he said. tracted with SolarCity to plan and develop a solar project for its Santa Rosa campus. To fund the project, the YMCA entered into a power-purchasing agreement with The solar installation consists of 1,162 SolarCity, allowing it to obtain long-term photovoltaic solar panels with a combined savings without up-front expenditures. capacity of 273 kilowatts. According to YMCA members did not bear the capital Mr. Brown, the solar panels are currently cost of the solar panels. Instead, SolarCity supplying 80 percent of the YMCA’s power owns the solar panels and operates them needs on a net annual basis.45 for the YMCA, which will purchase the

Sonoma County Family YMCA - Santa Rosa 13 electricity it obtains from the panels at the solar panels are expected to offset fixed rates over a 15-year period. 219,000 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions annually. Over a 15-year period, the YMCA Over the life of the agreement, Mr. Brown will also eliminate 2,000 pounds of nitrogen expects the YMCA to save approximately oxides, 500 pounds of sulfur dioxide, and $250,000 on electricity costs—savings that 600 pounds of particulate matter.46 can be used to benefit Sonoma County residents. Because the YMCA chose to In addition to the solar panels, the YMCA have SolarCity finance the project, most has incorporated other sustainable building of the cost savings will be accrued in the features in its facility. These include energy later years of the contract, when grid-based efficient lighting, efficient toilets and show- electricity is projected to become more ers that conserve water, and a more efficient expensive. The YMCA’s electricity costs pool heater. Mr. Brown estimated that the will remain stable in the interim. upgrades have reduced energy costs by about twenty percent, even as the facility SolarCity took advantage of several in- has expanded in centives to help the YMCA achieve these recent years to “We need to cost savings. They secured cash rebates better serve the be a leader in from Pacific Gas and Electric through the community.47 preserving our California Solar Initiative. SolarCity also natural resources received a renewable energy investment tax “Our prime mo- and demonstrating. credit from the federal government. And tivation is to be that things can most importantly, California’s net meter- good stewards of be done without ing policy allows SolarCity to receive a the Y,” said Mr. a reduction in credit for excess power that the solar panels Brown. “Being service.” deliver to the grid. All of these programs a communit y CEO David Brown help SolarCity pay for the upfront costs of organization, this solar PV system. we need to be a leader in in preserving our natural resources and demonstrating The solar panels also help the environment to our membership that things can be done by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and without a reduction in service or reduction other pollutants. According to the YMCA, in performance.”

14 Greening the Bottom Line San Mateo County Community College District San Mateo County, California

• Constructed five LEED Gold certified buildings as part of capital improvement plan.

• Saving $275,000 in annual energy costs and reduced carbon dioxide pollution by over 1.6 million pounds since 2007 by increasing energy efficiency. The Health and Wellness Center at College of San Mateo is one of five ultra-efficient LEED Gold buildings built by the San Mateo County Community College District. Credit: San Mateo County Community College District.

an Mateo County Community Col- upgraded temperature controls. The Dis- lege District is comprised of three trict also installed two cogeneration units, Scommunity colleges in the San Fran- which generate both electricity and useful cisco Bay Area: College of San Mateo, heat. Together, these and other efficiency Cañada College in Redwood City and measures contributed to a 56 percent dis- Skyline College in San Bruno. These three trict-wide reduction in energy use and a 6 schools offer courses in subjects like busi- million pound annual reduction in green- ness administration, nursing, and computer house gas emissions. science that cater to both transfer students headed to four-year universities as well as Since then, the District has continued to im- students in vocational and certification prove its overall energy efficiency through programs. They have a combined enroll- its modernization initiative. The second ment of approximately 40,000 students. phase of the capital improvement plan, known as CIP2, authorized the construc- In 2002, the District launched a compre- tion of five LEED Gold rated buildings on hensive effort to upgrade its aging infra- District campuses.49 This fell in line with structure, implementing a suite of energy the directive of the Board of Trustees, efficiency measures designed to rein in which pushed for the new facilities to meet energy expenses. In 2006, Environment “green building” design guidelines and California highlighted the District’s ini- standards as a way of increasing sustainabil- tial progress on this front.48 The district ity, promoting environmental stewardship, installed advanced lighting systems and and maximizing energy efficiency.50

San Mateo Community College District - San Mateo County 15 College of San Mateo (CSM) constructed The two other colleges in the District have the largest of the five buildings. One, also made strides to modernize and “green” the Health and Wellness Building, is an their facilities. At Cañada College, the 88,000 gross square foot venue that is District constructed a 15,000 GSF LEED home to programs in cosmetology, nurs- Gold Facilities Maintenance Center. The ing and dental assisting, as well as a fitness College also renovated the Student Cen- and aquatic center. During construction of ter, a primary academic building, and the the building, 32 million pounds of waste, Science Complex. As with CSM, these fa- or nearly 97 percent of waste produced cilities were connected to a central chilled by the project, was recycled or otherwise water plant and were equipped with digital diverted from area landfills. The build- energy controls and cool roofs.55 ing itself consumes about 34 percent less energy and 46 percent less water than Skyline College constructed a pair of similarly sized structures built strictly LEED Gold buildings—the Multicultural, to code.51 And in 2011, Sustainable San Cosmetology, and Administration Build- Mateo County, a nonprofit sustainability ing, which is approximately 73,000 GSF, education group, recognized green design and the Facilities Maintenance Center, of the Health and Wellness building with which is approximately 15,000 GSF. The a Green Building Award. The county College also supplemented new digital en- government’s RecycleWorks waste reduc- ergy controls and cool roofs in the Science tion program and the San Mateo County Building with upgraded energy efficient Chapter of the American Institute of lighting.56 Architects also recognized CSM through the award process. The District’s energy-efficient facility improvements have significantly reduced The second building CSM constructed, its energy consumption. Since 2007, the the 143,000 GSF College Center, was also District has reduced electricity consump- built to LEED Gold Standards. Forty tion by 1.7 million kilowatt-hours (kWh) percent of the building’s construction and reduced natural gas consumption by materials came from recycled content, 55,000 therms.57 As a result, the District and 11 percent of construction materials avoided approximately 1,630,330 pounds were procured from local sources.52 The of carbon dioxide pollution from these U.S. Green Building Council lauded the energy sources College Center as “a pioneering example over the same “San Mateo of sustainable design that demonstrates the time period.58 Community College college district’s leadership in transforming District is committed to the building industry.”53 In addition to reducing operational the environ- costs and improving Furthermore, CSM achieved sustainability mental benefits the environment.” gains through renovating academic and offered by the Chancellor Ron Galatolo faculty office buildings, installing cool projects, the roofs, and implementing digital controls District is reap- for energy systems. CSM constructed a ing substantial energy savings from its central chiller plant to distribute energy ef- energy efficient facilities. Since 2007, the ficient cooling to each of the campus’ main District has saved an estimated $275,000 facilities. The majority of campus parking per year on energy costs, and these sav- lot light fixtures were also replaced with ings are expected to increase as energy energy efficient LED lighting.54 prices rise over time. The District has also

16 Greening the Bottom Line benefitted from over $750,000 in energy will also abide by the District’s commit- incentives from local utilities.59 ment to energy efficiency.

The District also plans to further expand “San Mateo Community College District its sustainability efforts in the future. As is committed to reducing operational costs funding becomes available, the District will and improving the environment by incor- explore the potential to install renewable porating energy efficient and sustainable energy facilities, such as solar photovoltaic practices in its facilities, capital projects, panels or micro wind turbines.60 Future and enterprises functions,” said Ron Gala- renovations and new construction projects tolo, Chancellor of the District.

San Mateo Community College District - San Mateo County 17 Marine Corps Air Station Miramar San Diego, California

• Obtaining approximately half of its electricity from on-site renewable sources, including solar PV and a landfill gas plant.

• Saving more than $800,000 annually in energy costs and eliminating over 250 million pounds of carbon emissions each year through renewable energy and energy MCAS Miramar is generating nearly half of its efficiency. power from this landfill gas plant, which converts methane into on-site energy. Credit: MCAS Miramar

arine Corps Air Station (MCAS) This means that the base will be able to Miramar, located near San Diego, obtain all of its electricity from on-site en- Mis home to over 15,000 service ergy sources.61 The majority of this energy members and their families. It is best will be renewable—and in fact, Miramar is known as the headquarters of the 3rd already obtaining about half of its electric- Marine Aircraft Wing, the Marine Corps’ ity from on-site renewable sources. This main aviation presence on the West Coast. exceeds service-wide targets that have been At Miramar, the Marine Corps is dem- set by the Marine Corps, which is seeking onstrating that American ingenuity and to reduce energy intensity (energy used per technological might go beyond the design square foot of facility space) 30 percent by of advanced fighter jets to include innova- 2015 and increase renewable energy con- tions in clean energy from big to small. sumption to 25 percent of all electricity In fact, at bases throughout the state, the consumed by 2025.62 Marines are proving that clean energy solutions can be harnessed to enhance mis- Miramar’s progress also exceeds bench- sion readiness and better serve and protect marks set by Executive Order 13514, which American interests—including California’s requires the Department of Defense to environment. obtain 20 percent of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020.63 MCAS Miramar is developing the capabil- ity to become completely independent from Energy security and energy independence the commercial electricity grid by 2017. have become increasingly important

18 Greening the Bottom Line priorities for the United States military, Miramar plans to build on this success by particularly in regards to military bases investing in more solar PV systems in the and other installations. In 2010, the De- next few years. Its goal is to install enough partment of Defense reported that over solar to produce 2.5 MWh of electricity 500 such installations were reliant on the and boost annual savings to an estimated commercial power grid for electricity.64 $300,000 each year.68 The DoD considers this to be highly prob- lematic because disruptions to the power MCAS Miramar has also invested in solar grid can disrupt critical operations at these water heating technology in four of its installations, many of which are directly facilities. For example, Miramar recently involved in supporting missions overseas. constructed a training pool that is heated using solar power.69 Miramar also replaced In response, the Department of Defense old boilers with more efficient boilers and has adopted a strategy to increase the pro- added solar hot water systems in two han- duction of on-site energy at military bases. gars, and it is in the process of doing so in Renewable energy is uniquely suited for the laundry facilities of a Bachelor Enlisted this role. First, renewable energy sources Quarters. Combined, the projects will save like wind and solar can be deployed on a 3 billion BTUs of energy, reduce energy scale that is small enough to be entirely costs by $35,000, and eliminate 360,000 independent of the grid, yet large enough to pounds of greenhouse gas pollution an- meet a significant portion of bases’ energy nually.70 needs. And second, renewable energy is not prone to price fluctuations and supply In addition to the solar energy projects, shortages that plague the fossil fuel indus- MCAS Miramar is also rolling out a micro- try. As a result, military bases throughout grid to distribute electricity from on-site California have begun deploying a number sources, dynamic windows designed to of renewable energy projects. insulate buildings from solar heat gain, and advanced HVAC and metering systems. One way that Miramar is increasing its renewable energy usage is through solar In June 2012, MCAS Miramar debuted its power. San Diego ranks as California’s biggest renewable energy project yet—a top “solar city,” with a higher solar capac- new 3.2-megawatt landfill methane gas ity and more solar installations than any energy plant. The plant was constructed other municipality in the state.65 MCAS at the San Diego Miramar Landfill, which Miramar has taken full advantage of San is located on leased Department of Navy Diego County’s solar potential by install- property next to the Air Station. It is the ing approximately one megawatt of solar first Department of Defense renewable en- photovoltaic systems. These include 735 ergy project to take advantage of new rules kilowatts of carport-mounted PV panels, allowing for long-term power-purchasing 105 kilowatts of concentrated tracking PV agreements,71 which allow the military to (CPV), 85 kilowatts of rooftop PV panels, access new clean energy sources without and 600 parking and walkway lights.66 the need for upfront capital expenditures. MCAS Miramar agreed to a 15-year power The solar PV systems produce a total of 1.5 purchase agreement with Fortistar LLC, million kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity which was responsible for constructing each year—creating savings of $130,000 the plant. Miramar will also have the op- and eliminating 660,000 pounds of car- portunity to negotiate an extension to the bon dioxide pollution annually.67 MCAS contract.

Marine Corps Air Station Miramar - San Diego 19 The Miramar landfill plant shares many “The landfill project was a big step forward of the same benefits of more traditional in being 100 percent off grid capable,” renewable energy sources like wind said 1st Lt. Ryan Welsh, a public affairs and solar, especially when it comes to officer with Ma- greenhouse gas reductions. The plant is rine Corps Instal- “The landfill project expected to reduce emissions of meth- lations West. was a big step ane—an extremely potent greenhouse forward in being gas—by the equivalent of more than 252 MCAS Miramar’s 100 percent off grid million pounds of carbon dioxide annu- efforts to improve capable.” ally, according to Fortistar.72 energy efficiency 1st Lt. Ryan Welsh and increase re- There are also additional advantages. For newable energy example, the plant is not subject to inter- usage have clearly paid off. The base is mittency constraints, as it can operate currently obtaining approximately 48 virtually around the clock in all meteoro- percent of its energy needs from on-site logical conditions. This means that it can renewable sources. According to a 2010 produce much more energy on a kilowatt- National Renewable Energy Laboratory hour basis, increasing its cost-effectiveness. report, the Marines will save an estimated The opening of the landfill plant also $820,738 in 2012 from their various clean brings the Department of Defense closer energy investments, and eventually, getting to its goal of operating ten methane biogas to near zero net energy at the base will save facilities at landfill and/or water treatment the Marines an estimated $26 million over plants by fiscal year 2020.73 20 years.74

20 Greening the Bottom Line Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton and Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton San Diego County, California

• Used renewable energy systems, including solar PV and solar thermal arrays, to save $844,754 in energy costs and eliminate over 8 million pounds of carbon dioxide in the first ten months of FY 2012.

• Installed innovative skylight systems in buildings, reducing MCAS Camp Pendleton has installed skylight systems in lighting and energy costs by several of its hangars, lowering annual energy costs by $103,000 annually and reducing $103,000 and reducing global warming pollution by 1.52 global warming pollution by million pounds. Credit: MCAS Camp Pendleton 1.52 million pounds per year.

he Marine Corps’ presence in San Di- American Recovery and Reinvestment ego County extends far beyond MCAS Act, the base operates the Marine Corps’ TMiramar. Two of the busiest and most largest solar photovoltaic array—a 6 acre, important Marine Corps installations in 1.4-megawatt system that was built on top California are Marine Corps Base Camp of the base’s Box Canyon Landfill.75 The Pendleton and Marine Corps Air Station Box Canyon array supplies approximately Camp Pendleton, which are both located 10 percent of the base’s total energy con- in the northern part of the county. The sumption,76 producing nearly 2.3 million bases host a combined daytime popula- kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity in the tion of over 75,000 military and civilian first ten months of fiscal year 2012.79 This personnel. Like MCAS Miramar, both eliminated 3,068,143 pounds of carbon MCB Camp Pendleton and MCAS Camp dioxide pollution and led to energy savings Pendleton have taken steps to increase their of $321,753. sustainability through renewable energy and energy efficiency. MCB Camp Pendleton has also installed seventeen additional solar PV arrays, with MCB Camp Pendleton has implemented a total capacity of 640 kilowatts and an numerous solar energy projects to meet annual output of 1.15 million kWh. Other a significant portion of the base’s en- solar projects include five solar thermal ergy needs. Thanks to funding from the arrays, 300 PV powered streetlights, and

Marine Corps Base and Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton - San Diego County 21 15 PV powered bus shelters. Base-wide, The skylight systems are relatively simple solar and other forms of renewable en- to maintain and have reduced MCAS ergy reduced carbon dioxide emissions Camp Pendleton’s electricity consump- by 8,055,336 pounds and saved $844,754 tion by 850,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh) in energy costs in the first ten months of annually. These reductions lower MCAS FY 2012. And the base is already moving Camp Pendleton’s energy bills by $103,000 forward with a new 346-kilowatt PV sys- each year while eliminating approximately tem that will be placed on two of the base’s 1.52 million pounds of greenhouse gas dining facilities, reducing future carbon emissions.81 The systems have been so suc- emissions by an estimated 392,160 pounds cessful since their introduction that two annually.80 new hangars and a new “It’s the simplicity of MCAS Camp Pendleton has also introduced warehouse this project that makes innovative energy efficiency measures to its a re b ei ng it so great. No moving buildings and structures. For example, the designed to parts, no maintenance, air station installed an advanced skylight incorporate no negative impact system in seven hangars. The skylights, t h e s a m e on our Marines-and which range between thirty-two and technology. the energy savings thirty-six square feet in size, are designed continue.” to maximize daylighting and automatically “ I t ’ s t h e Jim Perkins, Resource dim and turn off artificial lights during the simplicity of Efficiency Manager at daytime. The skylights also feature domes this project MCAS Camp Pendleton that maximize sunlight in the early hours that makes of the morning and late hours of the eve- it so great,” ning, as well as special diffusers that allow said Jim Perkins, Resource Efficiency sunlight to radiate throughout the hangars. Manager at MCAS Camp Pendleton. The floors and walls of the building were “No moving parts, no maintenance, no also coated in white to naturally increase negative impact on our Marines—and the the reflectivity of light. energy savings continue.”

22 Greening the Bottom Line Clif Bar & Company Emeryville, California

• Installed a “smart” solar array that produces 70 percent of its headquarters’ power and reduces energy costs by $145,000 or more each year.

• Eliminated 8.7 million pounds of carbon pollution annually through the use of solar power and recycled packaging Clif Bar & Company headquarters in Emeryville, which is materials. certified as LEED Platinum, has one of the largest “smart solar” arrays in North America. Credit: Clif Bar

lif Bar & Company, headquartered Clif Bar embraces a variety of sensible, sus- in Emeryville, is a privately owned tainable practices to reduce global warm- Cbusiness that is highly regarded for its ing pollution. For example, Clif Bar uses selection of organic energy bars and other recycled paperboard to create the boxes organic foods and drinks. Since 2002, Clif that are used to package and distribute Bar has purchased more than 250 million its products. This is beneficial because pounds of organic ingredients, and today, recycled packaging is much less energy they account for 70 percent of Clif Bar’s intensive to manufacture compared with food ingredients.82 For Clif Bar, sustain- using virgin paperboard. In Clif Bar’s case, ability is as inseparable from its identity this results in a reduction of more than 7.8 as its use of organic ingredients—and that million pounds of carbon dioxide emissions includes supporting efforts to combat annually—the equivalent of taking more global warming. than 700 cars off the road for a year.83

“We don’t think you can have an authen- Clif Bar has also made great use of renew- tic sustainability program if you’re not able energy and energy efficiency measures addressing your contribution to climate at its Emeryville headquarters building, change,” said Elysa Hammond, Director which opened in 2010. Clif Bar’s most of Environmental Stewardship at Clif significant project is a 531-kilowatt rooftop Bar. “It’s the mother of all environmental “smart” solar array, which uses advanced issues.” monitors to increase the power output

Clif Bar – Emeryville 23 of individual solar panels by 6-8 percent Clif Bar received a number of financial in- compared to standard panels.84 The solar centives for the solar panels. For example, system was installed by Sun Light and the California Solar Initiative offers a nine- Power, with Tigo Energy supplying Tigo cent per kilowatt-hour performance based Maximizer smart technology for the panels. incentive that can be redeemed for up to The solar system supplies approximately 70 five years; Mr. Gerber has calculated that percent of the headquarters’ power needs, the rebate will amount to approximately and solar thermal arrays are used to heat 70 $70,000 annually. Additionally, the project percent of the building’s hot water. earned $835,000 from federal investment tax credits.88 Clif Bar’s use of solar power has gener- ated both cost savings and carbon dioxide The headquarters building also has other reductions. Virtually all of Clif Bar’s power sustainable features. For example, the bill—estimated at $145,000 annually—is building contains four glass atria that allow offset by solar electricity, even though natural sunlight to illuminate work areas. only 70 percent of its electricity needs are Other design elements include the use of met by the solar panels.85 This is because recycled construction materials and furni- of net metering, which allows Clif Bar to ture, as well as low-flow faucets and show- sell solar energy to Pacific Gas and Electric ers that reduce water consumption.89 The during peak periods when energy demand inclusion of these innovations prompted (and prices) is highest. Since electricity the U.S. Green Building Council to cer- costs more during these peak periods, the tify the building as LEED Platinum, the credits that Clif Bar receives can be used highest rating available. to purchase cheaper electricity from the grid during off-peak periods. This effec- tively reduces Clif Bar’s electricity bill to nearly zero.

The savings are projected to increase even further in the future, according to Gary Gerber, CEO of Sun Light and Power.

“Assuming that rates will continue to climb, and based on historical averages, we would expect those savings to escalate by about 5 percent to 7 percent annually,” he said.86

In the first eighteen months of operation, which began in January 2011, the solar panels produced 918,416 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of energy. This was enough to reduce over one million pounds of carbon dioxide emissions.87 And because the solar panels were brought online gradually, rather than simultaneously, the true annual carbon reductions should work out to about 934,000 pounds per year.

24 Greening the Bottom Line Clif Bar’s aggressive stance on climate received more than 15 other green awards change has elicited positive attention at the local, state and national levels. Clif from outside observers. Climate Counts, Bar also provides benefits to its employees a nonprofit that to help them reduce their personal carbon “In our mind, the encourages large footprints.90 investments we’ve companies to re- made are simply the duce their climate “The journey toward sustainability is part right thing to do.” change impact, of our DNA, our identity as a company Elysa Hammond, has named Clif passionate about food and the outdoors,” Director of Bar an “Indus- said Ms. Hammond. “In our mind, the Environmental try Innovator.” investments we’ve made are simply the Stewardship Clif Bar has also right thing to do.”

Clif Bar – Emeryville 25 Century Plaza Towers Los Angeles, California

• Extensive energy efficiency improvements including lighting retrofits, window coating, and high-tech energy efficient parking garage system.

• Cutting global warming pollution by more than 4 million pounds and saving more than $900,000 annually.

The Century Plaza Towers, a Westside landmark, are now one of just 13 buildings in Los Angeles awarded the rare LEED Gold certification by the U.S. Green Building Council, making them of the greenest buildings in Los Angeles. Credit: Peter Valli, PCV Photographic Services

entury City is a prominent high-rise carbon economy,” said Bradley Cox, Senior district located within the Westside Managing Director of Trammell Crow Cof Los Angeles. Among its many Company, a wholly owned, independently skyscrapers are several of the most energy- operated subsidiary of CBRE, Inc., the efficient buildings in the city, including the management and leasing company for Century Plaza Towers. Century Plaza Towers.91

The Century Plaza Towers, constructed The Century Plaza Towers became En- in 1975, are a pair of landmark 44-story ergy Star certified buildings in 2008, and commercial buildings that hold a combined in 2011, they received a LEED Gold rating 2.3 million square feet of office space. The in the category of existing buildings from Towers are managed by CB Richard Ellis the U.S. Green Building Council.92 To Group, Inc. (CBRE), the world’s larg- achieve these distinctions, CBRE Group est commercial real estate services firm invested in a variety of state-of-the-art in terms of revenue in 2011. For CBRE energy efficiency improvements, high-tech Group, embracing sustainability is simply transportation solutions, and other sustain- good economics—and the Century Plaza ability initiatives. Towers help exemplify this. In 2010, Century Plaza Towers unveiled “The owners of the Century Plaza a new, high-efficiency central plant. The Towers have been an early adopter and a plant is equipped with efficient chillers, real estate leader in the transition to a low boilers, and cooling towers, reducing the

26 Greening the Bottom Line amount of energy consumed by the build- designed to reduce commuters’ environ- ing. The central plant also eliminates the mental footprints. In 2011, Century Plaza emission of volatile organic compounds Towers installed fifteen electric vehicle and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), both of charging stations at a cost of $102,000, al- which contribute to smog in Los Angeles. lowing commuters and visitors to recharge In total, this represents a net environmen- their vehicles on-site.98 tal impact reduction of 30%.93 Its most significant measure, how- Century Plaza Towers also embarked on ever, was the purchase of a $2.6 million a significant lighting retrofit project to help ParkHelp System in its parking garage. reduce energy consumption. The $1.3 mil- The system uses electronic controls and lion project, which involved recycling and lights to guide drivers to vacant parking replacing approximately 60,000 lights, took spaces, reducing traffic congestion in advantage of $898,000 in rebates to achieve the garage and allowing drivers to spend a payback period of just seven months. less time parking The project reduced energy consumption their vehicles. As “...the Century by 3.8 million kilowatt hours annually, a result, the sys- Plaza Towers’ goal eliminating 1.8 million pounds of carbon tem eliminates is to advance the 94 dioxide pollution each year. The building more than 3.3 public discourse on managers estimate they will save $732,108 million pounds the pressing need 95 annually. o f C O 2 p e r to incorporate year—equivalent environmental Additionally, Century Plaza Towers to 13.8% of com- and social installed a special film on the buildings’ muters’ vehicle appropriateness windows that reflects solar radiation to emissions—and into our daily help cool interior areas. The re35NEARL achieves annual business dealings” film, which is manufactured by 3M, shields fuel savings of Bradley Cox, the buildings by rejecting approximately approx imately Senior Managing 61% of natural heat gain. The result is a 173,000 gallons Director of Trammell 99 30% reduction in electricity consumption, of gasoline. Crow Company which is achieved by reducing the usage of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning “By investing (HVAC) systems. The $1.2 million project in energy effi- received $115,000 in rebates and had a ciency as a validation of their commit- payback period of 4.5 months.96 The special ment to reduce greenhouse emissions, the film is expected to cut building costs by Century Plaza Towers’ goal is to advance $249,173 annually.97 the public discourse on the pressing need to incorporate environmental and social Century Plaza Towers has also em- appropriateness into our daily business braced transportation systems that are dealings,” said Mr. Cox.100

Century Plaza Towers - Los Angeles 27 Constellation Place Los Angeles, California

• Installed one of the city’s largest solar arrays on two parking structures, totaling nearly 1 MW of pollution-free energy capacity. Also invested in two on-site fuel cells, as well as extensive energy efficiency improvements.

• Reducing global warming pollution by more than 1.2 million pounds annually and saving approximately $100,000 per year from the solar system alone.

Constellation Place hosts one of the largest solar photovoltaic systems in Los Angeles atop two parking structure roofs. Credit: Courtesy of Constellation Place

entury Plaza Towers is not the only The first phase of the project was com- Century City development to go pleted in 2008. It consists of 1,408 solar Cgreen. Constellation Place, a 35-story PV panels mounted on top of Constellation high-rise office building owned by Constel- Place’s parking structure. The solar panels lation Place, LLC,101 implemented a variety generate 570,095 kilowatt-hours of clean of energy efficiency measures and was the electricity annually—enough to satisfy 4% first high-rise office building in Los Ange- (or 12% of the connected meter) of Con- les to achieve a LEED Silver designation in stellation Place’s energy demands and save 2008 and LEED Gold certification in 2010. the company over $50,000 per year—while Its most high profile sustainability achieve- eliminating over 610,000 pounds of CO2 ment is an almost 1 megawatt (MW) solar emissions each year.102 PV system that is one the largest urban arrays in the city of Los Angeles. Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, a proponent of solar power, praised Constel- Constellation Place, LLC brought in SPG lation Place’s move to produce renewable Solar to tackle the challenge of harnessing energy, which was incentivized in part by the sun’s energy in a high-density urban a Los Angeles Department of Water and environment. Ultimately the solar project Power solar rebate. “Los Angeles is set- was developed and constructed in two ting the standard for a green, sustainable phases. economy,” he said.103

28 Greening the Bottom Line The second phase of the project, which “We’re very proud to have was rolled out in 2010, involved placing completed our second another roof-mounted system on top of photovoltaic installation in the adjacent Century Park West Garage. Century City with SPG Solar, This system accounts for 80 percent of which represents a substantial the parking structure’s electricity needs, commitment to energy eliminating 16.5 million pounds of carbon conservation.” dioxide emissions over a 25-year period Sarah Shaw, General Manager of while reducing electricity costs by more Constellation Place than $60,000 annually.104

Combined, the systems have a capacity of slightly less than one megawatt—a remark- other initiatives to reduce their energy con- able achievement considering the urban sumption including two 200-kilowatt en- location.105 ergy fuel cells and various energy efficiency measures, such as lighting retrofits and a “We’re very proud to have completed our highly efficient Central Plant that provides second photovoltaic installation in Century heating and cooling for the building. City with SPG Solar, which represents a substantial commitment to energy conser- Altogether, the efficiency measures, along vation,” said Sarah Shaw, General Manager with the solar panels and the fuel cells, are of Constellation Place.106 saving Constellation Place hundreds of thousands of dollars annually and reducing In addition to the solar panel system, Con- global warming pollution by 1.2 million stellation Place has also invested in several pounds each year.107

Constellation Place - Los Angeles 29 Conclusion and Recommendations

hese ten case studies demonstrate that global warming pollution, it would have reducing global warming pollution a major impact—both by reducing the Tcan go hand in hand with strength- state’s carbon footprint and by serving ening the bottom line for California busi- as models for the rest of America and the nesses and institutions. world to follow. As one of the world’s ten largest economies91 and as the 12th largest These groups put innovative ideas about source of carbon dioxide pollution,92 action sustainable energy use into motion. They in California has ramifications far beyond have taken advantage of opportunities to state lines. use less energy, use it more efficiently, and generate it from renewable sources. At the By adopting policies limiting global warm- same time, these opportunities created ing pollution, California can grow cleaner, economic returns by cutting energy costs, safer, more secure and more prosperous in reducing exposure to volatile fossil fuel the years to come. Further, by adopting and electricity price spikes, and attracting policies and programs that spur invest- customers who value the environment. ments in clean energy solutions, California can help businesses and consumers save The benefits of sustainable energy usage money while creating jobs. can extend beyond the subjects of these case studies. All of California stands to gain from renewable energy and energy efficiency measures. This is because they can reduce global warming pollution, con- tribute to cleaner air, increase energy inde- Policy Recommendations pendence, and create jobs for California’s Just as the companies and institutions economy. profiled here are leading California toward adopting solutions to global warming, If all state businesses and organizations California should lead the country in re- pursued similar opportunities to reduce ducing global warming pollution.

30 Greening the Bottom Line California should establish policies that Implement Cap-and-Trade Through encourage all businesses to look closely for 100% Auction cost-effective ways to reduce global warm- ing pollution. The state should: In addition to the direct pollution reduc- tion measures discussed above, AB 32 also set in motion the nation’s first-ever econo- my-wide cap-and-trade program that aims Limit Global Warming Pollution to put a price on the right to pollute and • In 2006, California became the first create a market for the sale and purchase of state to adopt an economy-wide cap global warming pollution allowances. on global warming pollution. AB 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of This policy promises to be one of the 2006, sets a mandatory limit of reduc- most important tools used to achieve the ing emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. dramatic reductions in global warming emissions. But its success depends on the Even deeper reductions are now be- robust, effective implementation of the lieved to be needed to stabilize global cap-and-trade system. By auctioning global warming gases in the atmosphere at a warming pollution allowances, California level that minimizes the worst impacts can reduce the cost of achieving emission of global warming. A report released reductions, both now and in the future, and by the California Environmental Pro- ensure the basic fairness of the program. tection Agency predicts that average California temperatures could rise by To achieve those benefits, California up to 8.6 degrees Fahrenheit by the should ensure the following recommenda- end of the century, with five times as tions are adopted and implemented: many extreme heat days in cities like Sacramento. The increased heat could • Auction 100 percent of emission al- make the state’s snowpack – the major lowances. source of fresh drinking water – near- ly disappear. In addition, the increased • Use the revenues from auctions to heat would increase the potential for support clean energy technological wildfires and cause sea levels to rise, development, including research and overwhelming levees in the Sacra- development funding and early market mento-San Joaquin River Delta and support for clean technologies; invest causing extensive flooding across the in energy efficiency to reduce energy state.93 and transportation costs to consum- ers; invest in low-carbon transporta- AB 32 sets out to achieve its global warm- tion infrastructure such as public ing pollution reduction goal through a transit to provide driving alternatives variety of direct measures, including the to more people; and provide direct Renewable Portfolio Standard, clean cars consumer rebates to alleviate any programs, and the Low Carbon Fuel Stan- increases in energy costs that result dard. Dozens of programs like these should from the program. be aggressively pursued and implemented by state and local governments. Implementing AB 32 in full—and ulti- mately moving to lower the cap on pollu- tion even further—is the most critical step in strengthening California’s leadership in

Conclusion and Recommendations 31 solving global warming. All of the pieces Act, and promote smart growth and of AB 32, including its direct measures transportation alternatives, to reduce and the cap-and-trade program, should be dependence on the automobile. The implemented on schedule and to the high state should also spur businesses to standards required by the law. implement plans to reduce the number of miles traveled by employees com- muting to work alone in their cars. Further Reduce Dependence on Fossil Fuels Work with Other States and • California should enhance funding the Federal Government to and continue to remove barriers for Promote Implementation of large-scale energy efficiency improve- ments and for distributed generation, Similar Policies including California’s Million Solar • Acting alone, California can make a Roofs Initiative, the Electric Program real and lasting contribution toward Investment Charge, and expanded solving global warming. However, the feed-in-tariff and net metering policies. impact California could have by lead- ing the rest of the country, and the • The state should generate more en- world, toward similar solutions holds ergy from renewable sources, enforc- even greater potential benefits. Cali- ing the state’s 33% by 2020 renewable fornia should encourage other states portfolio standard, and ultimately across the country to follow its lead pushing beyond this minimum goal. wherever possible. Additionally, state leaders should work with Congress • The state should continue to imple- and the executive branch to advance ment SB 375, the Sustainable Com- solutions to global warming at the munities and Climate Protection federal level.

32 Greening the Bottom Line Notes

1 Aggregate annual greenhouse gas reductions and 4 Ibid. aggregate annual dollar savings were obtained by cal- culating the sum of the case studies’ annual figures. 5 Ibid.

The aggregate annual dollar savings figure is some- 6 Benjamin Davis, Travis Madsen, and Michelle Kin- what imprecise because Anheuser-Busch, Golden man, Environment California Research and Policy Valley Unified School District, and Sonoma County Center, California’s Solar Cities 2012, January 2012. Family YMCA are saving money over multiple years through long term financing agreements. To obtain 7 Jason Dearen, “Jerry Brown Leads Climate Change an average annual dollar savings figure for these en- Conference At The California Academy Of Sciences,” tities, we divided the total cumulative dollar savings Associated Press, 15 December 2011. achieved over the length of the agreement by the num- ber of years in the agreement. Because dollar savings 8 California Energy Commission, Energy Commis- achieved through typical financing agreements tend sion Approves More Efficient Buildings for California’s to be greatest near the end of their duration—with Future, 31 May 2012, accessed at http://www.energy. only modest savings near the beginning—the stated ca.gov/releases/2012_releases/2012-05-31_ener- aggregate figure is likely to exceed the real dollar sav- gy_commission_approves_more_efficient_build- ings at the present time. ings_nr.html.

For MCB Camp Pendleton’s renewable energy sys- 9 Legislative Analyst’s Office, 2011 Cal Facts: tems, data was only available for the first ten months California’s Economy and Budget in Perspective, 5 of fiscal year 2012. We obtained annual greenhouse January 2011, accessed at http://www.lao.ca.gov/re- gas reductions and dollar savings by calculating a ports/2011/calfacts/calfacts_010511.aspx#zzee_link_ ten-month average and applying it to the remaining 2_1294170707. two months of FY 2012 (August 2012 and September 2012); this figure represents an estimate and does 10 Travis Madsen and Bernadette Del Chiaro, not account for month-by-month variation in energy Environment California Research & Policy Center, production. Greening the Bottom Line, 2006.

2 The Coca-Cola Company, Position Statement on 11 LeeAnne French, Laura Hamman, Stacy Katz, and Climate Protection, last updated 3 July 2007, accessed Yuji Kozaki, Bren School of Environmental Science & at http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/citizenship/ Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, ecp_climate_position_statement.html. Zero Waste Strategies and Innovation for Sustainability, March 2010. 3 The Coca-Cola Company, 2010-2011 Sustainability Report, 29 December 2011, accessed at http://www. 12 Major drawbacks include malodors, problems thecoca-colacompany.com/sustainabilityreport/in- with runoff and groundwater contamination, and dex.html. pests.

Notes 33 13 Gills Onions, Gills Onions Sustainability: Waste-to- Cities, http://www.theatlanticcities.com/neighbor- Energy: The Advanced Energy Recovery System (AERS) hoods/2011/09/behind-pollution-californias-central- (factsheet), 2010. valley/207/.

14 Although all baseload demand is satisfied by AERS, 33 See note 26. the percentage of overall electricity usage met by the system varies from year to year. 34 Beer Institute, Brewers Almanac, June 2011, ac- cessed at http://www.beerinstitute.org/statistics. 15 See note 13. asp?bid=200.

16 Laura Hamman, Gills Onions, personal corre- 35 Gary Quackenbush, “340-foot windmill at An- spondence, August 2012. heuser-Busch,” North Bay Business Journal, 18 June 2012, accessed at http://www.northbaybusiness- 17 See note 13. journal.com/55894/340-foot-windmill-at-anheuser- busch/. 18 ARRA funding was provided through the Business Energy Investment Tax Credit program. Per Laura 36 Barry Eberling, “Fairfield brewery gets mam- Hamman personal correspondence, August 2012. moth wind turbine to power plant,” Daily Republic, 21 October 2011, accessed at http://www.dailyrepublic. 19 Personal correspondence with Virginia Lew, com/featured-stories/fairfield-brewery-gets-mam- California Energy Commission, September 2012. moth-wind-turbine-to-power-plant/.

20 See note 13. 37 See note 35.

21 Bren School of Environmental Science and Man- 38 Foundation Windpower, Anheuser-Busch’s Fairfield agement, University of California, Santa Barbara, Brewery Gets Greener, accessed at http://www.founda- Zero Waste Strategies and Innovation for Sustainabil- tionwindpower.com/projects/AnheuserBusch.php. ity (factsheet), Spring 2010, accessed at http://fiesta. bren.ucsb.edu/-onions/teamonionweb/documents/ 39 Cost savings estimated by Foundation Windpower One_Pagers.pdf. assume a range of annual utility electricity cost increas- es over a twenty-year period. A 3 percent average an- 22 See note 19. nual utility rate increase would produce approximately $1,650,000 in savings, while a 7 percent annual increase 23 Includes sister businesses Gills Transportation would produce $2,523,000 in savings. When calculated and Rio Farms. at the historic median rate increase of 5.9 percent, sav- ings would equal $2,240,000. “Substantial savings on 24 Gills Onions, Gills Onions Sustainability: Transporta- electricity costs—guaranteed,” accessed at http://www. tion and Shipping (factsheet), 2010. foundationwindpower.com/solutions/savings.php.

25 ENERGY STAR, “Schools: An Overview of 40 See note 35. Energy Use and Energy Efficiency Opportunities,” http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/challenge/ 41 See note 36. learn_more/Schools.pdf. 42 Neil Babcock, “Solar Panels at Budweiser Brewery 26 Rick Brown, President of TerraVerde Renewable Now Providing Power,” Engineer and Technician, 16 Partners. Solar project at a glance, obtained on 26 June April 2009, accessed at http://www.engineer-and- 2012. technician.com/solar-panels-at-budweiser-brewery- now-providing-power/. 27 Ibid. 43 See note 36.

28 Rick Brown, President of TerraVerde Renewable 44 See note 35. Partners, phone interview, 26 June 2012. 45 David Brown, CEO of Sonoma County Family 29 Andy Alvarado, Golden Valley Unified School YMCA, personal correspondence, 17 July 2012. District Superintendent, personal correspondence, 6 July 2012. 46 Sonoma County Family YMCA, We’re going solar, accessed at http://www.scfymca.org/about-solar. 30 See note 28. php.

31 See note 26. 47 David Brown, CEO of Sonoma County Family YMCA, personal correspondence, 30 August 2012. 32 Nate Berg, “Why Does California’s Central Valley Have Such Bad Air Pollution?” The Atlantic 48 See note 10.

34 Greening the Bottom Line 49 The LEED (Leadership in Energy and Envi- 63 U.S. Department of Defense, Strategic Sustain- ronmental Design) program is administered by the ability Performance Plan: FY 2011, 2011. U.S. Green Building Council, an industry group that promotes sustainable building practices. Build- 64 Ibid. ings can apply for LEED certification upon meeting certain sustainability guidelines. LEED Gold build- 65 See note 6. ings represent the second-highest tier of sustainable building design. 66 Mick Wasco, MCAS Miramar energy manager, personal correspondence, 4 September 2012. 50 Arlene L. Calibo, Facilities Planning & Opera- tions/Public Safety, San Mateo County Community 67 Mick Wasco, MCAS Miramar energy manager, College District, and Karen Powell, SMCCCD, personal correspondence, 5 September 2012. personal correspondence, 18 June 2012. 68 Ibid. 51 Lisa Kopochinski, “San Mateo College Earns LEED Gold,” School Construction News, 18 April 2011, 69 Samuel Booth, John Barnett, Kari Burman, accessed at http://www.schoolconstructionnews. Joshua Hambrick, Mike Helwig, and Robert Westby, com/articles/2011/04/18/san-mateo-college-earns- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Targeting leed-gold. Net Zero Energy at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar: Assessment and Recommendations, December 2010. 52 Office of the President, College of San Mateo, President’s Blog, College of San Mateo and Sustainability, 70 See note 67. 27 February 2012, accessed at http://collegeofsanma- teo.edu/president/index.php/2012/02/college-of-san- 71 Defense Communities 360, Officials ‘Flip the Switch’ mateo-and-sustainability/. at New Landfill Gas Plant at MCAS Miramar, 19 June 2012, accessed at http://www.defensecommunities. 53 Michael Claire, President’s Report to the org/headlines/officials-flip-the-switch-at-new-land- SMCCCD Board of Trustees, College Center Achieves fill-gas-plant-at-mcas-miramar/#. LEED Gold, 25 January 2012, accessed at http://col- legeofsanmateo.edu/president/Final_CSM_Pres_re- 72 Fortistar LLC, Miramar Landfill Gas to Energy port_1_25_12.pdf. Facility Project Summary, 14 June 2012, accessed at http://dod.fortistar.net/sites/default/files/dod/Miram 54 See note 50. ar%20Project%20Overview%2020120614.pdf.

55 Ibid. 73 See note 63.

56 Ibid. 74 See note 69.

57 Arlene L. Calibo, Facilities Planning & Opera- 75 Alison St John, “Marines Site Solar Arrays Above tions/Public Safety, San Mateo County Community Old Box Canyon Landfill,” KPBS Public Broadcast- College District, and Karen Powell, SMCCCD, ing, 2 July 2010, accessed at http://www.kpbs.org/ personal correspondence, 28 August 2012. news/2010/jul/02/marines-site-solar-arrays-above- old-box-canyon-lan/. 58 Carbon dioxide reductions were calculated using the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) 76 Andrew Ferri, “Massive Clean Energy System ClimateSmart electric emissions figures for Pacific Unveiled at Camp Pendleton,” San Clemente Patch, 3 Gas and Electric. The rates are 0.524 pounds of carbon February 2011, accessed at http://sanclemente.patch. dioxide per kilowatt-hour of grid-based electricity com/articles/massive-clean-energy-system-unveiled- and 13.446 pounds of carbon dioxide per therm of at-camp-pendleton. natural gas. 77 1st Lt. Ryan Welsh, Marine Corps Installations- 59 See note 50. West, Camp Pendleton Public Affairs, personal cor- respondence, 31 August 2012. 60 Ibid. 78 See note 62. 61 Sgt. Deanne Hagstrom, Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, Miramar landfill powers up, 14 June 2012, 79 See note 77. accessed at http://www.marines.mil/unit/mcasmira- mar/Pages/Miramarlandfillpowersup.aspx. 80 Susan DeFreitas, “Camp Pendleton Solar Push Adding Another 346 kW,” EarthTechling, 29 62 Marine Corps Installations West, Public Affairs April 2012, accessed at http://www.earthtechling. Office,Moving forward: a report on energy, no date. com/2012/04/camp-pendleton-solar-push-will-an- other-346-kw/.

Notes 35 81 1st Lt. Ryan Welsh, Marine Corps Installations- Management, CB Richard Ellis. Case Study—Century West, Camp Pendleton Public Affairs, personal cor- Plaza Towers, Century City, CA (factsheet), 2012. respondence, 20 July 2012. 97 Renee Watkinson, Vice President of Property 82 Cassie Cyphers and Elysa Hammond, Clif Bar, Management, CB Richard Ellis, personal correspon- personal correspondence, 26 July 2012. dence, November 2012.

83 Ibid. 98 Renee Watkinson, Vice President of Property Management, CB Richard Ellis. Case Study—Century 84 San Francisco Business Times, Clif Bar installs Plaza Towers, Century City, CA (factsheet), 2012. solar for green headquarters, 5 January 2011, accessed at http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/morn- 99 Cindy Giordano Taylor, Century Plaza Towers Earns ing_call/2011/01/clif-bar-strives-for-green-hq.html. LEED® EB Gold Certification, 22 August 2011, http:// www.centurypark.net/documents/sustainability/Cen- 85 Gary Gerber, President and CEO, Sun Light and tury-Plaza-Towers-Awarded-LEED-Gold.pdf Power, personal correspondence, 27 July 2012. 100 Bradley Cox, Senior Managing Director, Tram- 86 Ibid. mell Crow Company, personal correspondence, 9 November 2012. 87 Assuming a calculation of 1.15 lb CO2 per kWh (Tigo Energy). 101 Constellation Place, LLC is an affiliate of Chi- cago-based JMB Realty Corporation, a real estate 88 See note 85. investment firm.

89 Leon Kaye, “Clif Bar Celebrates Its 20th Birthday 102 SPG Solar, Constellation Place, LLC – MGM Tower, With LEED Platinum Headquarters,” Triple Pundit, accessed at http://www.spgsolar.com/markets-served/ 18 May 2012, accessed at http://www.triplepundit. commercial-and-industrial/resorts-and-entertain- com/2012/05/clif-bar-20th-birthday-leed-platinum- ment/constellation-place-llc-mgm-tower/ headquarters/. 103 Sarah Shaw and Jodi Talentino, Century City’s 90 For example, Clif Bar offers “Cool Commute” MGM Tower Goes Solar, Constellation Place, LLC, benefits that provide employees with cash and other 14 January 2009. incentives to use eco-friendly commute alternatives. Many of Clif Bar’s 300 employees take advantage of 104 Sarah Shaw, Vice President Development and these benefits to purchase hybrid vehicles, use public Operations, Constellation Place, personal correspon- transit, and bike or walk to work. And to celebrate dence, November 2012. Clif Bar’s 20th anniversary, Co-owners and Co-CEOs Gary Erickson and Kit Crawford surprised every 105 Tina Barni, SPG Solar Completes Large-Scale Solar employee with their own personalized commute System for JMB Realty, SPG Solar, March 2010. bicycle. 106 Tina Barni, SPG Solar Completes Large-Scale Solar 91 Bradley Cox, personal correspondence, 9 No- System for JMB Realty, SPG Solar, March 2010. vember 2012. 107 Sarah Shaw, Vice President Development and 92 Century Plaza Towers at Century Park. 9 November Operations, Constellation Place, personal correspon- 2012. dence, November 2012.

93 CB Richard Ellis, Century Park Sustainability: Cen- 108 See note 9. tury Plaza Towers Central Plant, 26 May 2010, accessed at http://www.centurypark.net/news/26may2010_ 109 California Air Resources Board, 2010 CalNex CPT-central-plant.pdf White Paper: Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Cli- mate Change, 9 January 2008, accessed at http://www. 94 Renee Watkinson, Vice President of Property arb.ca.gov/research/calnex2010/calnexus_white_pa- Management, CB Richard Ellis. Case Study—Cen- per_01_09.pdf. tury Plaza Towers, Century City, CA (factsheet), 18 September 2012. 110 California Climate Change Center, Our Chang- ing Climate 2012: Vulnerability & Adaptation to the 95 Renee Watkinson, Vice President of Property Increasing Risks from Climate Change in California, Management, CB Richard Ellis, personal correspon- third assessment summary report, publication CEC- dence, November 2012. 500-2012-007, 31 July 2012, accessed at http://www. energy.ca.gov/2012publications/CEC-500-2012-007/ 96 Renee Watkinson, Vice President of Property CEC-500-2012-007.pdf.

36 Greening the Bottom Line