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Ufos: a HISTORY

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Ufos: a HISTORY UFO'S: Jl·History -.. 1949: January June UFOs: A HISTORY JANUARY - JUNE 1949 A minor catalogue of UFO reports and notations on various unofficial inquiries by individuals and privately funded organizations, as well as commentary on military inv~stigations and governmental policies. Presented in cilronological order. By Loren E. Gross First Edition© 1982 Fremont, California Seceond Edition © 1988 Fremont, California Corrrnents on the "green fireballs ." Donald Keyhoe:"I know one astrophysicist who says they may be warnings for us to lay off making A bombs -that's because most of them came in over New Mexico." Dr. Donald Nenzel:"! regret to say that some of the scientists working on the problem have frighten one another to the point where some of them are willing to accept the spaceship ident­ ication." E. J . Ruppelt:"What the devil are green fireballs? I'd like to know. So would a lot or-other people." Dr . Fxiward Teller :"If I can just believe everything I have heard and put it together with what I theoretically believe in, it ought to be a material body --might be an electron phenomenon. 11 Dr. Lincoln l.a Paz:"! think they are defensive maneuvers of some higher U.S. tat~~~and and they are practicing in the neighbor- hood of the regions they are going to defend, so naturally your localization of lights near the atomi c bomb instal­ lations, but boy, am I scolded for that." U.S. Army memo:"Agencies in New fo.1exico are greatly concerned ... [one) theory advanced as possibly acceptable lies in the belief that the phenomena are the result of radiological warfare experiments by a foreign power, further. that the rays may be lethal or might be attributed to the cause of some of the plane crashes that have occurred recently." The "Condon Report": -- (no comment) Same important preliminary remarks to the second edition. The Winter of 1948-49 was much more important to the: UFO mystery than most students of UFO history realize. Although there are many gaps to our story, it is hoped that same discussion of certain salient points will aid in the understanding of the more detailed text. Also, this is an opportunity to in­ clude some new information and speculation. We will address three questions: 1.) Why did strange aerial lights appear over the U.S. Southwest in the Winter-of 1948-49? 2.) Why was President Truman worried about the Russians and what did this worry have to do with the UFO riddle? 3.) Why did project SIGN become project GRUDGE? Question #1: Why the aerial lights? --The two-week flap of the summer of 47 was discribed by skeptics as a psychological phenomenon that suddenly appeared and then ran its course. --On the other hand, persons like Donald Keyhoe, a believer in visitors from space, interpeted the same 47 flap as a nation-wide reconnaissance. Whichever explanation one chooses, one has to explain the pattern of reports that took place for the next 2~ years. The skeptics would have to be puzzled by the persistence of sporatic reports, and the "believers" would have be won­ ering what the visitors were going to do. No striking pattern to UFO activity was evident with one exception --some marked activity in the U.S. southwest in lat~ 1948 on through 1949. ~~at was so special about that area? After World War II President Truman was determined to use the atomic bomb to safeguard the nation and to strengthen the hand of American negotiators dur­ ing th?.t turbulent period. On December 31,1946, Truman authorized the estab­ lishment of the Atomic Energy Commission to manage the nuclear weapons program. Several months later the AEC submitted a status report to the Chief Executive on what the group found after assuming control. Truman was shocked by what the commission discovered. The test explosions of nuclear devices at Bikini the previous summer had been a show for "strategic purposes" and the advanced bombs meant for warfare remained untested and were not even assembled. What's more, the number of bombs was trifling. ~uclear bombs were put together by highly skilled civilians and most had scattered after the war, leavinp, low paying government service for lucrative positions 1dth private industry. ~lili­ tary personnel were urgently needed to do the bomb assembly, and these people had to be trained and the bombs simplified so it 1vould not take a Ph.D. to do the job. Also, another headache was serious questions about the supply of raw uranium. A drastic increase in the amount of the material was needed t;o built a realistic bamb stockpile. It seems that the vast majority of raw uranium came from mines in the Elisabethvi lle District of the Belgian Congo in :'lfrica* and p-roduction was shared with Great Britain on a 50/50 basis by treaty. The arrangement was clearly inadequate in view of American plans so * There 1vas a remarkable UFO sighting at the mines in Narch, 1952. late in 1947 discussions were begun with London with the aim of making the treaty more advantageous. By January 1948 talks resulted in the U.S. getting all of the uranium from the Congo for the next two years, 1948-49, plus an option on uncommitted ore that had already been shipped to Britain. This generous settlement was achieved by allowing British scientists access to a number of nuclear secrets. Sandia National Laboratories in New tlexico, which provided the engineering expetise for the Los Alamos theorists, geared up to built bombs in earnest as the people, designs, and raw material became available. The Joint Chiefs of Staff ordered that 400 bombs be built by 1951. After becaming a true banb factory, Sandia shipped assembled bombs to Fort Hood, Texas, wh:re there \vas a secure storage site guarded by the 12th Armored Infantry Battal1on under the ccmmand of the Fourth Army. Due to the difficulties previously mentioned, it wasn't until the spring of 1949 that the U.S. manufactured enough bambs to have a "stockpile." It is suggested that the "green fireballs" that appeared over Sandia in late 1948 bear a direct relationship to a sudden ramp-up of lmerican nuclear weapon production. Also, later, in l-1arch,1949, when strange "flares" appeared around the "Q" area at Fort Hood, it -is suggested that this interest by the UFOs was triggered hy the recent arrival of the first shipment of atomic bombs which was stored as America's first nuclear bamb stockpile. Question 112: Why worry about the Russians? To explore this question there is same references to the year 1948. Page numbers given refer to pages in the booklet:UFOs ~ llistory:1948. Trouble with the Russians. The last thing President Truman wanted in the year 1948 was any kind of sh<Miown \vi th Russia. Did the Russians have any inkling the Americans were bluffing about having a nuclear deterrent? In Europe, the critical part of the world, there was political turmoil, economic chaos, and disruptive masses of displaced persons. The battle­ tested divisions of the Kremlin were poised in mid Europe and Moscow's propaganda machine was in high gear. The Communists were pushing hard and their agents \vere everywhere. Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia, yielded to the pressure. Even a country not occupied by the Red 1trrrry, Finland, gave in after beine "invited" to sign a "pact of' friendship," a document that crippled its independence. Winston Chunthill, surveying the dismal scene, , remarked:"Cnly the hamb keeps the Russians back." In January 1948, as previously mentioned, an all-out effort to create an J\nerican nuclear bamh stockpile was underway. In this same month U.S. Air Force Intelligence learned of same sightings of mysterious missiles with "green tails" over Scandinavia, report1y earning from Russian-occupied Peenemunde on the north German Raltic coast. (Remember t his mention of the color green) U.S. Air Force Intelligence felt that the s ightings s ignaled:" ... a revival of another series or a11edgcd flying pheno­ mena." (See pp. S-6) The referrence here \vas to the Swedish "ghost rockets" of 1946-47 sane believed were Russian flying bamhs but \\ere never proved to be a ~!oscmv device. ···-----------·----------------------- - - - The future of Pllrope hinged on Germany and the focus of the East-West struggle \\las Germany's capital, the city of Berlin. The city was under joint occupation of the four war-time allies, France, Britain, Russia, and the United States. The country of Germany was itself divided in zones, each occupied by one of the forementioned powers. The rub was that Berlin was deep inside the Russian zone and thus at the mercy of Hoscow. The end of Harch, 1948, the Russian authorities progressively became less tractable in their relationship over the occupation of the German capital. The Communists began to harass traffic and personnel moving through their zone going to great lengths to inspect freight and personal baggage on its way to Berlin. Anyone who complained was turned back. April 5, 1948, some UFOs exhibiting violent maneuvers appeared very high above Holloman AFB, New 1-iexico. It was an impressive case and received a lot of attention by Air Force Intelligence.(See pp. 24 - 27) Lt. Col. James Beam and civilian advisor Alfred Loedding, made a special visit to the home of saucer photographer William Rhodes in early April he­ cause the military had a high opinion of the man's pictures taken back in the Summer of 1947. QJestioning the fellow, Beam and Loedding learned something new. Rhodes claimed he saw a "vent" aross the trailing edge of the horseshoe-shaped object.
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