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Gene Section Mini Review Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL AT INIST-CNRS Gene Section Mini Review IL22RA1 (interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 1) Pascal Gelebart, Raymond Lai Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (PG, RL) Published in Atlas Database: February 2010 Online updated version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/IL22RA1ID44568ch1p36.html DOI: 10.4267/2042/44908 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 France Licence. © 2010 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology nucleotides, encoding a protein of 594 amino acid Identity residues. Other names: CRF2-9, IL22R, IL22R1 Pseudogene HGNC (Hugo): IL22RA1 None. Location: 1p36.11 Protein DNA/RNA Description Description IL22RA1 is composed of 574 amino acid residues, and The gene spans a region of 23.3 kb including seven the predicted molecular weight of the immature protein exons. is 63 kDa. IL22RA1 protein is composed of six putative domains, including the signal peptide (residue Transcription 1 to 15), the extracellular domain (residue 16 to 228), One only transcript form containing 7 exons has been the transmembrane domain (residue 229 to 249), the described. cytoplasmic domain (residue 250 to 574), and two The last exon is partially untranslated. The transcript fibronectin type-III domains (residue 18-115 and 141- length is 1725 221). Representation of the IL22RA1 gene organization. IL22RA1 gene and RNA. Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2010; 14(12) 1106 IL22RA1 (interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 1) Gelebart P, Lai R IL22RA1 protein organization and localization. IL22RA1 protein domains. Localization of IL22RA1 by immunufluorescence confocal microscopy in ALK+ALCL cells. Expression IL22RA1 expression is relatively restricted, being found at the highest level in the pancreas, small intestine, colon, kidney, and liver. Importantly, IL22RA1 is not detectable in normal immune cells, including monocytes, B-cells, T-cells, natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, cell types that are normally found in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, thymus and spleen. Localisation IL22RA1 is localized at the plasma membrane. Crystal structure of IL22RA1 with IL22 at 1.9 A resolution. Adapted from PDB (access number: 3DLQ). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2010; 14(12) 1107 IL22RA1 (interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 1) Gelebart P, Lai R FACS analysis of IL22RA1 expression in peripheral mononuclear cells from healthy donor. IL22RA1 signaling. Function and translocate to the nucleus to modulate the transcription of various target genes. IL22RA1 is one of the subunits of the IL20, IL22 and IL24 receptor complex. Cytokine binding to IL22RA1 results in its aggregation, which activates the associated Mutations JAK via its autophosphorylation. This in turn leads to Site-directed mutagenesis experiments have revealed the phosphorylation and activation of STAT proteins. critical amino acid residues involved in its binding to Subsequently, phosphorylated STAT proteins dimerize IL22. Specifically, mutation of residue 58 from K to A Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2010; 14(12) 1108 IL22RA1 (interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 1) Gelebart P, Lai R reduces the binding of IL22. Mutation of the residue 60 the chromosomal translocation is that of the from Y to A or R results in a complete loss of response t(2;5)(p23;q35), which leads to the juxtaposition of the to IL22. nucleophosmin (NPM) gene at 5q35 with the ALK Natural IL22RA1 variants have been reported, gene at 2p23. Mounting evidence suggests that the including those carrying mutations at the residue 130 (S resulted oncogenic fusion protein, NPM-ALK, plays to P), 205 (V to I), 209 (A to S), 222 (L to P), 407 (M crucial roles in the pathogenesis of these tumors. to V) and 518 (R to G). Prognosis Patients with ALK+ALCL are typically treated with Implicated in combination chemotherapy containing doxorubicin. ALK-positive anaplastic large cell ALK+ALCL represents one of the most common pediatric lymphoid malignancies. The prognosis of lymphoma (ALK+ALCL) pediatric ALK+ALCL patients is significant better than that of adult patients. Disease Cytogenetics Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic t(2;5)(p23;q35) in most ALK+ALCL patients; other large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), or ALK+ALCL, is a translocation variants have been described. specific type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized Hybrid/Mutated gene by the T/null-cell immunophenotype, consistent NPM-ALK expression of CD30 and reciprocal chromosomal translocations involving the ALK gene. In most cases, Representation of the NPM-ALK oncoprotein organization and sequence. Abnormal protein NPM-ALK References Kotenko SV, Izotova LS, Mirochnitchenko OV, Esterova E, Dickensheets H, Donnelly RP, Pestka S. Identification of the functional interleukin-22 (IL-22) receptor complex: the IL-10R2 chain (IL-10Rbeta ) is a common chain of both the IL-10 and IL-22 (IL-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor, IL-TIF) Structure of the oncogenic fusion protein NPM-ALK. receptor complexes. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 26;276(4):2725-32 Oncogenesis Lécart S, Morel F, Noraz N, Pène J, Garcia M, Boniface K, Aberrant expression of IL22RA1 in ALK+ALCL Lecron JC, Yssel H. IL-22, in contrast to IL-10, does not induce Ig production, due to absence of a functional IL-22 receptor on lymphoma cells allows these cells to be responsive to activated human B cells. Int Immunol. 2002 Nov;14(11):1351-6 IL-22 stimulation, which further stimulate STAT3 Wang M, Tan Z, Zhang R, Kotenko SV, Liang P. Interleukin 24 signaling and the growth of these cells. Blocking the (MDA-7/MOB-5) signals through two heterodimeric receptors, IL-22 signaling pathway using a neutralizing antibody IL-22R1/IL-20R2 and IL-20R1/IL-20R2. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar has been shown to significantly decrease the growth of 1;277(9):7341-7 ALK+ALCL cells in-vitro. The aberrant expression of Dumoutier L, Lejeune D, Hor S, Fickenscher H, Renauld JC. IL22RA1 in ALK+ALCL is dependent on the Cloning of a new type II cytokine receptor activating signal expression of NPM-ALK, since siRNA to transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT2 and downregulate NPM-ALK dramatically shut down STAT3. Biochem J. 2003 Mar 1;370(Pt 2):391-6 IL22RA1 expression. Amin HM, Lai R. Pathobiology of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2007 Oct 1;110(7):2259-67 Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2010; 14(12) 1109 IL22RA1 (interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 1) Gelebart P, Lai R Bard JD, Gelebart P, Anand M, Amin HM, Lai R. Aberrant interleukin-22 receptor recruits STAT3 by interacting with its expression of IL-22 receptor 1 and autocrine IL-22 stimulation coiled-coil domain. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 25;284(39):26377- contribute to tumorigenicity in ALK+ anaplastic large cell 84 lymphoma. Leukemia. 2008 Aug;22(8):1595-603 Endam LM, Bossé Y, Filali-Mouhim A, Cormier C, Boisvert P, Bleicher L, de Moura PR, Watanabe L, Colau D, Dumoutier L, Boulet LP, Hudson TJ, Desrosiers M. Polymorphisms in the Renauld JC, Polikarpov I. Crystal structure of the IL-22/IL- interleukin-22 receptor alpha-1 gene are associated with 22R1 complex and its implications for the IL-22 signaling severe chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. mechanism. FEBS Lett. 2008 Sep 3;582(20):2985-92 2009 May;140(5):741-7 de Oliveira Neto M, Ferreira JR Jr, Colau D, Fischer H, This article should be referenced as such: Nascimento AS, Craievich AF, Dumoutier L, Renauld JC, Polikarpov I. Interleukin-22 forms dimers that are recognized Gelebart P, Lai R. IL22RA1 (interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 1). by two interleukin-22R1 receptor chains. Biophys J. 2008 Mar Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2010; 14(12):1106- 1;94(5):1754-65 1110. Dumoutier L, de Meester C, Tavernier J, Renauld JC. New activation modus of STAT3: a tyrosine-less region of the Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2010; 14(12) 1110 .
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