De Architecten Uit Het Jaarboek

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De Architecten Uit Het Jaarboek De architecten uit het Jaarboek Ieder jaar maakt de redactie van het Jaarboek Architectuur in chronologische vermelding van zijn of haar projecten) zijn uiteinde­ Nederland een selectie in tekst en beeld van de 30 beste vaderlandse lijk door combinaties van de bovengeschetste mogelijkheden tot architectuurprojecten.1 Telkens met vermelding van alle belangrijke stand gekomen. Met per architect nog extra informatie over hoog­ gegevens, zoals opdrachtgevers, architecten en andere ontwerpers leraarschappen, een eventueel rijksbouwmeesterschap en/of de die hebben mogen bijdragen aan het succesvolle resultaat. De pre­ toekenning van de BNA Kubus, de belangrijkste Nederlandse oeuvre­ sentatie van dit 25e Jaarboek biedt een uitnemende gelegenheid om prijs voor architecten. ditmaal juist aan die architecten een nadere beschouwing te wijden. De in totaal 744 projecten werden ontworpen door 245 architecten­ Alvorens de architectenbureaus nader te bespreken, nog een enkele bureaus, waarvan 36 afkomstig uit het buitenland; alle projecten opmerking over de projecten uit die afgelopen 25 jaar. De keuze en architecten zijn hier weergegeven op de kaart van Nederland. voor opname in het Jaarboek is immer een redactionele geweest Van ongeveer 100 architecten is gedurende die 25 jaar telkens slechts en dat betekent in retrospectief dat sommige lang gevestigde of één gebouw geselecteerd en we laten hen, evenals de buiten landers, grote bureaus, maar ook belangrijke gebouwen in het geheel niet in voor de helderheid van het overzicht verder buiten beschouwing. de Jaarboeken voorkomen. Zo zult u geen project van ’s lands grootste architectenbureau Inbo tegenkomen (of het moet het werk De ongeveer 110 architectenbureaus van wie dus meerdere projecten van Rowin Petersma zijn, die daar kortgeleden als partner toetrad) werden gepresenteerd, kunnen op verschillende manieren worden en dat is zeker in het geval van Museum Belvédère in Heerenveen onderverdeeld. Je kunt ze bijvoorbeeld indelen naar hun startvorm: een omissie gebleken. Maar ook uit het uitgebreide oeuvre van een architecten die geheel op eigen kracht voor zichzelf zijn begonnen, gevestigde naam als Broekbakema is slechts eenmaal een gebouw architecten die als groep en dus gezamenlijk een architectenbureau in het register te zien. En de wisselende redacties kenden eveneens startten en de gevestigde bureaus die hun opvolgers kozen uit eigen geen genade voor sommige in hun tijd controversiële projecten, kring (overigens komt het vaker voor dat gevestigde architecten zoals de nu precies 25 jaar geleden geopende Stopera, waarvan het hun opvolging regelen via samenwerking of fusie met een van die operagedeelte naar ontwerp van Cees Dam nu toch meer algemeen, jongere bureaus). maar zeker in het culturele leven van de hoofdstad hogelijk wordt Een tweede indeling zou geografisch kunnen zijn: het blijkt dat gewaardeerd. Terugkijkend op het corpus aan gebouwen dat wel veruit de meeste architecten in de Randstad zijn gevestigd, en dan werd gepresenteerd, zijn er overigens ook vele te vinden die de vooral in Noord­Holland (Amsterdam) en Zuid­Holland (Rotterdam, tand des tijds niet hebben doorstaan. Ze blijken in retrospectief te Delft en Den Haag), en maar zeer gedeeltelijk in de noordelijke, ooste­ modieus, abominabel uitgevoerd of zelfs al gesloopt te zijn. En dat lijke en zuidelijke provincies. Verder is een chronologische indeling toont weer aan dat ook deze beschouwing slechts een persoonlijke denkbaar of een groepering aan de hand van de architectuurvisie en momentane visie van een redacteur vertegenwoordigt. of stijl van de betreffende architecten, kortom in hoeverre passen 92 ze qua opvatting over het vak bij elkaar, een overzicht dat al eerder Amsterdam in het Jaarboek 2009–2010 werd gepresenteerd.2 De bewegingen in de afgelopen 25 jaar laten zich wellicht het beste Ten slotte zou hun opleiding nog een rol kunnen spelen bij een beschrijven aan de hand van de zichtbare veranderingen rondom nadere clustering van de architecten. Zo zijn er verschillen c.q. en binnen een aantal prominente architectenbureaus, te beginnen overeenkomsten te zien tussen afgestudeerden (en/of docenten) met ‘de architectengroep’ uit Amsterdam. Na het vertrek van van de TU Eindhoven en de TU Delft, hoewel meer specifieke founding fathers Cannegieter en Verster bouwde de uit het drie­ gemeenschappelijke kenmerken van afgestudeerden aan de manschap overgebleven Tjeerd Dijkstra samen met Ben Loerakker Academies van Bouwkunst dan weer ontbreken. het nieuwe bureau Architectengroep VDL. Met een van de gevestigde De bijgaande overzichten (telkens één regel per architect met de orde afwijkende opzet: de naamgevende architecten kregen een Architecten K* R H 87-88 88-89 89-90 90-91 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 Referentie de architectengroep Tjeerd Dijkstra • • x Ben Loerakker • x x Kees Rijnboutt • • • x x Gert-Jan Hendriks Hans Ruijssenaars • x x x Dick van Gameren • x x Bjarne Mastenbroek/SeARCH x x x Jan Bakers Referentie Forum Aldo † en Hannie van Eyck • • x x x x x Theo Bosch † x x x Herman Hertzberger/AHH • • x x x x x x x x x x x Laurens Jan ten Kate/AHH Joop † & André van Stigt • • Lafour en Wijk x x x x x Paul de Ley x x Van Sambeek & van Veen x x Abel Cahen x Merkx+Girod x Maarten Min x Alberts † & Van Huut x x Referentie de Architekten Cie. Frans van Gool • • x Pi de Bruijn • x x x x x x x Carel Weeber • x x x Frits van Dongen • • x x x x x x x x Branimir Medic/Pero Puljiz The Yearbook Architects Every year, the editors of the Architecture in the Netherlands Yearbook Before discussing the architecture firms in more detail, a few general present a selection, in words and images, of the 30 best Dutch archi tecture remarks about the projects of the past 25 years. Inclusion in the Yearbook projects.1 In each case complete with all the relevant details, such as was always the result of an editorial decision so that in retrospect one clients, architects and other designers who contributed to the successful finds that some long-established or large firms, and some important outcome. The presentation of this 25th Yearbook provides an excellent buildings, are completely absent from the Yearbooks. For example, you opportunity to take a closer look at those architects. will search in vain for projects by the country’s largest architecture firm, The sum total of 744 projects were designed by 245 different practices, 36 Inbo (unless it is the work of Rowin Petersma, who recently joined the firm of which were from abroad; all the projects and architects are represent ed as partner) and in the case of Museum Belvédère in Heerenveen that can here on the map of the Netherlands. Some 100 architects featured only now be seen as an oversight. But even the extensive body of work by an once during those 25 years and for the sake of clarity they and the foreign established name like Broekbakema is represented by just one building. practices will be excluded from further consideration. Successive editorial teams also showed no mercy for some of the controversial projects of their day, such as the Stopera complex, which The over 100 architecture firms that featured more than once can be opened exactly 25 years ago. The opera section, designed by Cees Dam, is classified in several different ways. For example, one could classify them held in high regard, especially in the cultural life of the capital. Looking according to the way they started out in practice: the lone practitioners, back over the collection of buildings that did make it into the Yearbook, the architects who set up in practice with other designers, and the one also encounters many that have not stood the test of time. In established firms who selected their successors from within their own retrospect they turn out to have been too fashionable or abominably circle (although established architects often manage their succession executed while some have already been demolished. Which is a timely through an association or merger with one of the younger practices). reminder that this review, too, is just the personal and present view of a A second possible classification is geographical: it transpires that the single editor. vast majority of architects are based in the Randstad conurbation in the west of the country, and in particular in North-Holland (Amsterdam) Amsterdam and South-Holland (Rotterdam, Delft and The Hague), and only very The movements of the past 25 years are probably best described with sporadically in the northern, eastern and southern provinces. One might reference to the visible changes in and around a number of prominent also consider a chronological classification or a grouping based on the architecture firms, beginning with ‘de architectengroep’ from Amsterdam. architectural vision or style of the architects concerned, that is, to what After the departure of two of the three founding fathers, Joost Canne gieter extent they are compatible in terms of their view of the discipline, an and Jan Verster, the remaining partner, Tjeerd Dijkstra, teamed up with approach taken in a survey presented in the 2009–2010 Yearbook.2 Ben Loerakker to build a new firm, Architectengroep VDL, but one with a Finally, their education could play a role in a more specific clustering of rather atypical set-up: the eponymous architects drew a normal annual architects. For example, one can discern differences or similarities between salary, the profit was reinvested and whatever was left over was shared graduates (and/or teachers) from TU Eindhoven and TU Delft, although with all the other members of the firm. When Dijkstra was appointed 93 more specific shared characteristics are absent among graduates of the Government Architect he formally resigned from ‘his’ firm, in order to Academies of Architecture. avoid any suggestion of a conflict of interest, whereupon Kees Rijnboutt, The accompanying tables (one line per architect with a chronological Hans Ruijssenaars and Gert-Jan Hendriks successively joined the practice, listing of featured projects) are the outcome of combinations of the which was still simply called ‘de architectengroep’ followed by the names possibilities outlined above, plus, where relevant, additional information of the partners.
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