Beethoven Complete String Quartets Vol

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Beethoven Complete String Quartets Vol BEETHOVEN COMPLETE STRING QUARTETS VOL. V LAWRENCE DUTTON viola Emerson String Quartet QUARTETTO DI CREMONA We want to express our sincere thanks to Giancarlo and Etta Rusconi for supporting this project and to KULTURFONDS P. E. ECKES which kindly provides Paolo Andreoli with the Testore violin, Simone Gramaglia with the Torazzi viola and LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN Giovanni Scaglione with the Dom Nicola Amati violoncello. Quartetto di Cremona SÄMTLICHE recording: November 24 - 27, 2014 recording location: ‘Fondazione Spinola Banna per l’Arte’, Poirino STREICHQUARTETTE The ‘Fondazione Spinola Banna per l’Arte’ was established in 2004 with the aim to promote contemporary art and music. Based in Banna (Poirino, Italy), it administers a number of programs, such as workshops, residencies and VOL. V commissions for young artists and composers with the supervision of leading figures of the art and music world. instruments: violin I: N. Amati, 1640 • Streichquintett C-Dur op. 29 violin II: P. Antonio Testore, 1750 viola: Gioacchino Torazzi, Turin, Italy ca. 1680-1720 • Streichquartett a-Moll op. 132 Nr. 15 viola (Lawrence Dutton): Samuel Zygmuntowicz (Brooklyn, NY 2003) violoncello: Dom Nicola Amati, 1712 Bologna equipment: Sennheiser MKH 20, MKH 40, Microtech Gefell M 930, Neumann KM 130, KM 140, Brüel & Kjær 4006 RME Micstasy, ADI8QS Dynaudio Air 20, ME Geithain RL 906 QUARTETTO DI CREMONA recording format: pcm, 44,1 kHz / 24bit pcm-dsd conversion: Philips AFC, Sigma Delta type D Cristiano Gualco, Violine sacd authoring: Philips SACD creator Paolo Andreoli, Violine disc type: hybrid SACD, stereo and surround layer recording / executive producer: Dipl.-Tonmeister Ludger Böckenhoff Simone Gramaglia, Viola editing: Dipl.-Tonmeister Justus Beyer Giovanni Scaglione, Violoncello photos: Elisa Caldana art direction and design: AB•Design LAWRENCE DUTTON, Viola (Emerson String Quartet) e-mail: [email protected] • http: //www.audite.de P 2015 + © 2015 Ludger Böckenhoff Rechtsstreit und Relikt – Quartette komponierte. Während für die tette op. 18, mit denen er das Erbe von mangelhaften Urheberrechts über Jahre das Quintett op. 29 Gattung Quintett noch bei Mozart alles Mozart und Haydn antrat und sich selbst hinzog. Das Resultat war keine endgültige Man mag sich wundern, dass das Quar- offen war (ganz zu schweigen von einem als den originellsten Komponisten Zent- juristische Klärung, sondern Beetho vens tetto di Cremona in seine Gesamtein- fleißigen Quintett-Komponisten wie raleuropas etablierte. Das Quintett op. 29 wilder Entschluss, ein schon versproche- spielung von Beethovens Streichquar- Luigi Bocche rini) und die Aufführung vor entstand vermutlich im Auftrag des nes zweites Quintett dem Grafen von tetten einen „Ausreißer“ wie das Quin- allem von Liebhaber-Ensembles oder ad Grafen Moritz von Fries, eines Wiener Fries und damit der gesamten Musikwelt tett op. 29 aufnimmt – zumal das Genre hoc zusammengestellten Berufsmusikern Bankiers und Musikenthusiasten, dem zu verweigern. in den Konzertprogrammen eher selten getragen wurde, ging die Produktion nach Beethoven nicht nur das Quintett, son- Was man angesichts des vollende- auftaucht. Das allerdings hat nichts mit der Jahrhundertwende deutlich zurück – dern auch mehrere Geigensonaten und ten Quintetts nur bedauern kann. Wie kompositorischer Minderwertigkeit oder trotz mancher Großwerke wie der Quin- die Siebte Sinfonie widmete. Wie damals Mozart, aber im Gegensatz zu Boccherini der exoti schen Besetzung des Streich- tette von Schubert, Mendelssohn oder üblich, waren im Honorar Exklusivrechte und Schubert, besetzt Beethoven die quintetts zu tun, sondern mit der Spezia- Brahms. Und das schlagendste Beispiel für für ein halbes Jahr enthalten, in dem Unterstimmen mit zwei Bratschen und lisierung unseres Musikbetriebs. Da das die Marginalisierung des Streichquintetts der Graf über das neue Werk verfügen Cello, womit der ohnehin füllige Strei- Repertoire fürs Quintett zwar hochka- ist Ludwig van Beethoven. Wohl finden konnte, bevor es in den Druck kam. Nach cherklang ausgewogener erscheint, ohne rätig, aber überschaubar ist, gibt es nur sich in seinem Werkver­­zeichnis drei aus- Ablauf der Frist wurde das Quintett auf dass das mittlere Klangregister zu „fett“ wenige feste Ensembles. Stattdessen wird gewachsene Quintette, doch erweisen Beethovens Betreiben vom Leipziger Ver- gerät. Man hat sehr richtig bemerkt, dass die fehlende zweite Bratsche (oder das sich zwei Werke als Be arbeitungen eines leger Breitkopf & Härtel veröffentlicht. das Quintett op. 29 einen Übergang von zweite Cello) von einem bestehenden Bläser oktetts und eines Klaviertrios für Was der ansonsten ziemlich gewiefte den an Haydn und Mozart orientierten Streich quartett als Gast hinzugeladen, den Wiener Musikmarkt. 1817, im Umfeld Komponist nicht wusste, war, dass Fries Quartetten op. 18 zu den ganz eigenstän- der sich in die etablierte Gruppe einfügen des Klaviertrio-Arrangements op. 104, selbst das Werk schon dem Wiener Ver- digen „Rasumowsky-Quartetten“ op. 59 muss – eine Aufgabe, die er als Fremd- schrieb Beet hoven noch eine kurze Fuge lagshaus Artaria versprochen hatte und darstelle – und zuweilen spürt man diese körper oder (wie in unserer Aufnahme) (die nach seinem Tod als op. 137 veröf- nun im Herbst 1802 gleich zwei Ausga- Janusköpfigkeit in einem einzigen Gedan- als erfrischender Spontanpartner erfüllt. fentlicht wurde) und zwei Quintettsätze, ben des Quintetts op. 29 erschienen, ken wie dem Hauptthema des ersten Schon die Komponisten des frühen die Fragment blieben. von denen die eine dem Komponisten Satzes, das von erster Violine und Cello 19. Jahrhunderts reagierten auf die Eta- Zum mehrsätzigen Originalwerk reifte abgekauft war, die andere aber als „legiti- breit und schön ausgesungen wird. Die blierung professioneller Streichquartette dagegen nur das Quintett C-Dur aus mierter Raubdruck“ erschien. Beethoven Melodie erinnert an den Beginn des ers- wie des Wiener Schuppanzigh-Quar- dem Jahr 1801. Beethoven komponierte tobte und brach einen Rechtsstreit mit ten Quartetts aus op. 59, wird aber im tetts, für das Beethoven seine reifen es nach der Veröffentlichung der Quar- Artaria vom Zaun, der sich in Zeiten des Quintett viel „klassischer“, gänzlich unex- 4 5 zentrisch entwickelt. Hinzu gesellt sich Beethoven Kraft und Wege, die Idylle überlebten Zeit wirkt. Der Zusatz „con druckstypen Anhalts- und Reibungspunkt ein lebhaftes Triolenmotiv, das zu einem wiederherzustellen. moto e scherzoso“ deutet jedenfalls bleibt – oft fantasievoll erweitert wird. etwas scheuen, terzenseligen Seitensatz Es folgt das Scherzo mit seinen elegant darauf hin, dass Beethoven hier nicht Das Quartett a-Moll, das Beethoven im hinüberleitet. Natürlich arbeitet Beet- federnden, raffiniert verzahnten Rhyth- bierernste Musik komponierte, sondern Auftrag des Fürsten Nikolaus von Galit- hoven mit diesem kontrastreichen Mate- men und dem mit ländlichen Bordun- diesen „Scherz“ zum Nachdenken in das zin schrieb, war zunächst auf sechs Sätze rial in der Durchführung auf raffinierte klängen genrehaft ausgemalten „Trio“. Finale hineinoperierte (kurz vor Ende geplant, umfasste aber nach Abschie- Weise: Große, harmonisch klug dispo- Der eigentliche Clou des Werks aber ist erscheint das Menuett ein zweites Mal). bung des „Alla danza tedesca“ ins Quar- nierte Entwicklungszüge verraten den das Finale, mit dem Beethoven beweist, Da deutet sich an, was sein Spätwerk tett op. 130 schließlich fünf Teile: ein Alle- gereiften Meister, doch fehlt letztlich die dass er nicht bei der Klangwelt seines generell auszeichnen wird: Musik über gro in Sonatenform, ein Allegro ma non dramatische Zuspitzung und existenzielle op. 18 stehen bleiben wollte. Wie von Musik, aber auch die ständige Reflexion tanto als Mittelding zwischen Scherzo „Bedrohung“ des musikalischen Materials, einer gespannten Sehne schnellt der des eigenen Tuns als Komponist. und altertümlichem Menuett, ein ausge- die das Hören der späten Quartette zum Anfangs impuls, sofort vibriert (in Form dehntes, programmatisches Molto adagio permanenten Abenteuer macht. eines dichten Tremolos) der Motor die- Aus dem Geist des Gesanges – als Herzstück des ganzen Werks, einen Dass das Quintett noch in den Spuren ses Satzes, der nur noch selten zum Ste- das Quartett op. 132 kurzen Marsch mit rezitativischer Über- Mozarts wandelt, beweist vor allem der hen kommt. Die erste Geige versucht ein Die drei Streichquartette op. 59 waren leitung und das Finale, dessen Haupt- Adagio-Satz, der – obwohl er sich in fast flüchtiges Thema, das sich nicht recht die letzten, die Beethoven noch als einen thema – erstaunlich genug – ursprünglich biedermeierlicher Selbstgenügsamkeit zum rasenden Tempo fügen will; der Zyklus konzipierte; danach folgten Ein- zum Finalthema der Neunten Sinfonie ergeht – zu Beethovens innigsten Sätzen zweite Versuch bringt auch keine Lösung, zelwerke, die im Spätwerk geradezu werden sollte. gehört. Eine wundersame Gesangslinie das Cello übernimmt. Ein neues Thema monu mentale Dimensionen annahmen. „Was das a-Moll-Quartett mehr zusam- der Geige steigt zu Beginn auf, es folgt kommt fließend und geschmeidig daher, Dafür sprechen die Aufführungsdauern menhält als das Motivelement, ist der eine Art Naturszene mit weit ausgrei- in der Durchführung kombiniert Beetho- von bis zu 45 Minuten, exorbitante tech- Charakter des Vokalen.“ (M. H. Schmid) fenden Bögen der Oberstimme. Das alles ven das Vibrierend-Flüchtige des Anfangs nische Schwierigkeiten (Schuppanzigh Tatsächlich gibt es kaum ein Thema – wäre die perfekte Idylle,
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