Watersmart Guidebook
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WATERSMART GUIDEBOOK A Water-Use Efficiency Plan Review Guide for New Businesses 2008 This page intentionally left blank. Watersmart Guidebook FEF A Water-Use Efficiency Plan-Review Guide for New Businesses East Bay Municipal Utility District 2008 Copyright © 2008, East Bay Municipal Utility District. All rights reserved. East Bay Municipal Utility District 375 11th Street, Oakland CA 94607 Phone: 510-287-1675 Fax: 510-287-1883 E-mail: [email protected] DISCLAIMER: This guidebook is provided exclusively for general education and infor- mational purposes and as a public service by the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EB- MUD). Although we at EBMUD try to ensure all information is accurate and complete, information can change without notice, and EBMUD makes no claims, promises, or guar- antees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of this guidebook, and all its infor- mation and related materials are provided “as is.” By using this guidebook, you assume the risk that the information and materials in the guidebook may be incomplete, inaccurate, or out-of-date, or may not meet your needs and requirements. Users should not assume the information in this guidebook to be completely error-free or to include all relevant infor- mation, or use it as an exclusive basis for decision-making. The user understands and ac- cepts the risk of harm or loss to the user from use of this information. You are authorized to view this guidebook for your use and to copy any part of it. In exchange for this autho- rization: (i) you agree not to sell or publish the guidebook without first receiving written permission from EBMUD; and (ii) you waive, release, and covenant not to sue EBMUD and all others affiliated with developing this guidebook from any liability, claims, and ac- tions, both known and unknown, for any losses, damage, or equitable relief you may now have a right to assert or later acquire, arising from such use or reliance on the guidebook. Unauthorized use of this guidebook is prohibited and a violation of copyright, trademark, and other laws. Nothing in this guidebook constitutes an endorsement, approval, or rec- ommendation of any kind by any persons or organizations affiliated with developing this guidebook. The suitability and applicability of this information for given use depends on various factors specific to that use. These include, but are not limited to, laws and regula- tions applicable to the intended use, specific attributes of that use, and the specifications for any product or material associated with this information. All warranties, express or implied, are disclaimed, and the reader is strongly encouraged to consult with a building, product, and/or design professional before applying any of this information to a specific use or purpose. These disclaimers and exclusions shall be governed by and construed in ac- cordance with California law. If any provision of these disclaimers and exclusions shall be unlawful, void, or for any reason unenforceable, then that provision shall be deemed sever- able and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Product names and services identified throughout this work are used in editorial fashion only, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affilia- tion with this publication. Contents Acknowledgments. INT1 Introduction. INT3 Water-Provideer and Planning-Agency New Construction Plan-Review and Approval Process. INT7 BUSINESS TYPES Office Buildings . 3 Schools . 7 Restaurants and Fast-Food Outlets. 11 Commercial and Retail Centers. 15 Hotels and Motels. 17 Grocers . 19 Hospitals. 23 Laboratories. 27 Coin- and Card-Operated Laundries . 31 Industrial Laundries and Dry Cleaners. 33 Vehicle Washes. 37 Beverage Manufacturers . 41 Bakery/Pastry Shops . 43 Industrial Bakeries. 47 Auto Service and Repair Shops. 51 Fuel Service Stations and Convenience Stores . 53 Commercial Printers. 57 Metal Finishers. 61 Paper Manufacturers . 65 Water Features, Pools, and Landscapes. 69 WATER-USING TECHNOLOGIES Alternate On-Site Water Sources . ALT Food-Service Operations . FOOD Landscape Water-Use Efficiency. LAND Laundries and Dry-Cleaning Operations . LAUND Medical Facilities and Laboratories. MED Metering of Individual Units. METER Photo and Film Processing. PHOTO Pools, Spas, and Fountains. POOLS Process Water. PROC Restrooms and Plumbing . REST Thermodynamic Processes. THERM Vehicle Washes . WASH Water Treatment. TREAT This page intentionally left blank. Acknowledgements This guidebook was made possible with a matching fund grant between the California Department of Water Resources and the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) under Proposition 50, Chapter 7, Section B, Contract Number 4600004194. This guidebook was prepared by the following team members of Chris Brown Consulting: Chris Brown, Bill Hoffman, Charlie Pike, Tony Gregg, and Susan Hughes, with special appreciation to Catherine Putsche and Katherine Zipp. Dick Bennett, EBMUD, served as project manager. A Project Advisory Committee was formed to review the material and help guide the project. The interest and assistance of the following individuals is deeply appreciated: • Al Dietemann, Seattle Public Utilities • Bill Maddaus, Maddaus Water Management • Cindy Moe, Denver Water • Nancy Stalker and Michael Meagher, City of Calgary • Kent Sovocool, Southern Nevada Water Authority • Ted Jones, Consortium for Energy Efficiency • Katie Shulte-Joung, California Urban Water Conservation Council • Stu Feinglas, City of Westminister • Richard Harris, EBMUD # # # INT1 This page intentionally left blank. INT2 Introduction This guidebook was developed to help businesses be more water efficient. It provides information on water-saving technologies applicable in the commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors and is intended for use as a resource by: • existing and new businesses, • developers, consultants, and designers, • planning agencies, and • water providers (for plan review and/or for reviewing and estimating water use at existing businesses respectively). Since technology changes over time, the information in this guidebook is intended to be updated periodically. It is hoped that water providers will consider adopting a plan-review program for water-use efficiency for new construction to capture all the potential benefits of efficient use. The business community can capture the benefits of reduced costs for water, energy, chemicals, wastewater, and on-site water- and wastewater- treatment facilities. In addition, developer system-capacity charges imposed by water providers (i.e., water-provider connection fees) may be reduced due to either smaller meter sizes or reduced water use resulting from the water-saving technology. Thus, planning for and incorporating water- (and energy-) efficient technology during the design and construction phase of a project can represent a win-win scenario for all stakeholders, including the environment. Lastly, requiring plan reviews for water efficiency and requiring certain water-efficiency standards is expected to be considerably more cost-effective for both water utilities and businesses than retrofitting businesses with water-efficient technology after construction. As indicated in the following matrix, 13 water-using technologies have been applied to 19 different business types in this guidebook. Many of these technologies can also be applied to other business types not specifically addressed herein. For example, restroom fixtures, heating and cooling systems, and landscape technologies can also apply to many other business types. Some of this information can also be applied to the residential sector. Each business type has a summary fact sheet that includes a discussion of the end uses of water and references on where to find technical data for such information as the estimated life-cycle water savings, costs, and payback (cost-effectiveness) of the technology. While it is left to each agency to decide what water-saving technologies might be appropriate for their service area under a plan-review or alternative conservation program, this guidebook includes examples of proven practices for superior performance, aalong with additional practices that achieve significant savings. “Proven practices” are those that have demonstrated water savings and represent a cost-effective technology for the business, for example, high-efficiency toilets, pre-rinse spray valves, and connectionless, i.e., boilerless, food steamers. “Additional Practices” are those technologies that have not been extensively field INT3 tested for water savings and life-cycle cost-effectiveness, but which also may represent appropriate and cost-effective water-saving technologies. Again, it is left to each water provider or planning agency to decide what technologies might be required as conditions of water service, if and when a plan-review program is implemented. The guidebook also includes information on landscape water-use efficiency, since outdoor use is an important issue in many areas and may represent a considerable percent of the water use for any given business. Landscape standards can be developed using either a water budget or checklist approach or a combination of these. It remains up to the water provider or planning agency to decide what standards, if any, to adopt