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Die Genitalunterschiede Innerhalb Der Gattung Abrostola 0. Sowie Einige Bemerkungen Zur Biologie Von Abrostola Asclepiadis SCHIFF (Lep., Noct.)

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Die Genitalunterschiede Innerhalb Der Gattung Abrostola 0. Sowie Einige Bemerkungen Zur Biologie Von Abrostola Asclepiadis SCHIFF (Lep., Noct.) Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 26, 1982 4 M. WEIDLICH, Berlin Die Genitalunterschiede innerhalb der Gattung Abrostola 0. sowie einige Bemerkungen zur Biologie von Abrostola asclepiadis SCHIFF (Lep., Noct.) Summary The autor shows the differences of. the male and female genitals from Abrostola trigem ina WERNBG., A. triplasia L. and A. asclepiadis SCHIFF. The plant for the existenc of A. asclepiadis is Vincetoxicum officinale. The Caterpillar setled on the plants, which grow in the near of bushes and trees. Lokality, in which the autor A. asclepiadis was found in 1981, are: Filzberg (near Sondershausen), Hohler Stein (near Steinbach/Thuringia) and Müggelberge in Berlin. P e 3 K) m e Abtop noKa3biBaeT pa3Hiiuy no^oßbie opraHOB (caMeu m caMKa) ot Abrostola trigemina WERNBG., A. triplasia L. m A. asclepiadis SCHIFF. Pacn-emie cymecTBOBaHMe 3 a A. asclepiadis ecTb Vincetoxicum officinale. T ycem iua hcmbct Ha pacTemiÄ, KOTOpbie boahtcmh HeaajieKo ot KycTOB m a e p e B . MecTHocTM, r^e aBTop Haxoam i A. asclepiadis b r o i i e 1981: Filzberg (He.na.neKO Sondershausen), Hohler Stein ( H e ^ a ^ e K o Steinbach/Thüringen) m Müggelberge b Berlin. Jeder Lepidopterologe wird in unterschied­ Bei den weiblichen Genitalapparaten ist das lichem Maße schon einmal Schwierigkeiten Aussehen der Sterigma so eindeutig, daß hier bei der Determination innerhalb der Gattung auf eine weitere Beschreibung verzichtet wer­ Abrostola O. gehabt haben. Sind Abrostola den kann. Die Unterschiede sind auf den Ab­ trigemina WERNBG. (triplasia auct. nec. L.) bildungen 4, 5 und 6 deutlich zu sehen. und Abrostola triplasia L. (tripartita HUFN.) noch leicht voneinander zu unterscheiden, so An dieser Stelle möchte ich nun einige Bemer­ birgt die Trennung von A. trigemina und Abro­ kungen hinsichtlich des Lebensraumes und der stola asclepiadis schon einige Probleme in Suche der ersten Stände von A. asclepiadis an­ sich. Doch sind auch diese beiden Arten makro­ schließen. skopisch voneinander zu trennen, was am Mit der alleinigen Futterpflanze Schwalben­ besten mittels Vergleichsstücken geschieht. wurz (Vincetoxicum officinale) ist A. asclepia­ dis natürlich auch an deren Verbreitung ge­ Bei fraglichen Stücken ist es aber immer ange­ bunden. FÖRSTER & WOHLFAHRT schreiben bracht, eine Genitaluntersuchung vorzuneh­ zum Vorkommen „Lokal und nicht häufig an men, die eine eindeutige Determination ge­ warmen, trockenen Stellen...“ und nach währleistet. KOCH kommt die Art „vorwiegend auf Kalk­ Die Genitalunterschiede von A. trigemina, boden“ vor. A. triplasia und A. asclepiadis sind so deutlich, In den triadischen Kalklandschaften Thürin­ daß die Artzugehörigkeit leicht ermittelt wer­ gens ist A. asclepiadis weit verbreitet und nicht den kann. Zur Vollständigkeit soll hier noch selten. Dagegen zählt ihr Vorkommen an eini­ die in den Südtälern der Alpen verbreitete gen Stellen in der Mark Brandenburg schon Abrostola agnorista DUFAY erwähnt werden, zu den Seltenheiten. Im Norden der DDR sind die ebenfalls artspezifische Genitalmerkmale die bekanntesten Fundorte Saßnitz/Rügen und aufweist. Koserow/Usedom (URBAHN). Meine ersten Im untersuchten Material konnte ich an den Funde von A. asclepiadis machte ich Anfang männlichen Genitalapparaten vier auffallende Juli 1981 in der Umgebung von Sondershausen. und konstante Spezifica feststellen. Das sind Zusammen mit Dr. H. LÖBEL, Sondershausen, die Unterschiede im Bereich des Vinculum, der unternahm ich einige Exkursionen in die nä­ Clavus und der Juxta. Außerdem ist die Ge­ here dortige Umgebung, u. a. auch, um die er­ staltung des Aedoeagus charakteristisch (siehe sten Stände dieser Art zu suchen. Auf einem Genitalabbildungen 1, 2 und 3). traditionellen Sammelplatz der dortigen Ento­ Kitt Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 26, 1982/4 mologen, dem Filzberg, wurde auch regelmäßig Aus der Umgebung von Berlin ist das Vor­ A. asclepiadis gefunden. Dort suchten wir nun kommen dieser Art von Dannenreich durch in den Schwalbenwurzbeständen, die geschützt J. GELBRECHT, Dannenreich, bekannt. Es lag am oder im Gebüsch wachsen. BERGMANN also im Bereich des Möglichen, daß die Art schreibt über die Lebensgemeinschaften dieser auch an anderen Schwalbenwurzvorkommen Noctuide „An mehr oder weniger schattigen, in der Umgebung Berlins gefunden werden trockenen bis frischen Stellen. .“ An freien, könnte. Nun gibt es ein Vorkommen von Vince- sonnigen und ungeschützten Stellen habe ich, toxicum officinale in den Müggelbergen, ein wie sich auch noch an anderen Lokalitäten Naherholungszentrum in Berlin. Dort habe ich zeigen sollte, nie Ei oder Raupe zu Gesicht be­ seit 1978 regelmäßig nach der A rt gesucht, kommen. ohne je den Falter oder die Raupe finden zu Zuerst suchten wir an eben diesen geeigneten können. Weder Lichtfangabende am Teufels­ Stellen nach Fraßspuren an der Schwalben­ see noch Suchaktionen am Tage zeitigten den wurz. Die Jungraupen zeigen einen typischen gewünschten Erfolg. Mitte Juli 1981 ging ich Lochfraß, randliche Fraßspuren lassen auf er­ mit meinem Bruder RAINER zu der bekannten wachsene Raupen schließen. Bei der Suche Schwalbenwurzstelle unweit des Müggeltur- empfiehlt es sich, die ganze Pflanze vorsichtig mes, in der Hoffnung, vielleicht doch einmal umzubiegen (besonders die jungen Raupen las­ nach gründlicher Suche die ersten Stände zu sen sich schnell fallen und sind dann nur sehr finden. Tatsächlich fanden wir dann auch nach schwer in der Bodenvegetation wiederzufin­ einer halben Stunde angestrengten Suchens die den) und an den Blattunterseiten nach den ersten Raupen und eine Anzahl Eier, die aber auffallenden weißen Eiern und den bunten aus unerfindlichen Gründen später nicht mehr Raupen zu suchen. Untersucht man in der­ ausschlüpften. Gänzlich anders als der Lebens­ selben Weise auch noch die umstehenden raum in Thüringen läßt sich dieser hier in den Pflanzen, so wird der Erfolg sicherlich nicht Müggelbergen beschreiben. Die Schwalben­ ausbleiben. Auf dem Filzberg fanden wir so wurzbestände wachsen an den Südhängen der binnen kurzer Zeit über 40 der hübschen, auf­ Müggelberge inmitten reinen Kiefernwaldes. fallenden Raupen sowie auch viele Eier. Die Vereinzelt finden sich Sträucher der Trauben­ bläulichweiße Raupe ist durch viele kleine kirsche, und gerade in der unmittelbaren Nähe schwarze Punkte und einen gelben Seitenstrei­ der Sträucher in diesem lichten Kiefernwald fen gekennzeichnet. Der Kopf ist gelbbraun. konnten wir die Eier und Raupen finden. Den Auffallend war bei unserer Raupensuche, daß Untergrund bilden verschiedene Sande der dor­ sich neben erwachsenen Raupen auch noch tigen Stauchmoränenlandschaft (Weichselver­ Eier an den Schwalbenwurzblättern befanden eisung — Frankfurter Staffel). (oftmals sogar an einer Pflanze). Die ausge­ Einen wiederum anderen Lebensraum stellt dehnte Flugzeit der Art bringt auch eine lang­ der Streckelberg bei Koserow auf Usedom für andauernde Raupenzeit von Juni bis August A. asclepiadis dar. In einem typischen Flach­ mit sich. Mit diesen Erkenntnissen ausgerüstet, land-Buchenwald gibt es hier große Bestände suchte ich einige Tage später in einem ähn­ der Schwalbenwurz. Dr. E. URBAHN konnte lichen Lebensraum (hier auf Zechsteindolomit) A. asclepiadis im Juli 1932 dort w iederent­ bei Steinbach, Kreis Bad Salzungen, in Süd­ decken. Ich habe seit 1978 alljährlich ebenfalls thüringen ebenfalls nach A. asclepiadis. Am nach der Raupe gesucht, ohne sie jedoch ge­ Hohlen Stein fanden sich im Bereich von Bü­ funden zu haben. Hier auf dem Streckelberg schen und unter Bäumen alsbald auch die ge­ suchten Eier und Raupen. Dieser Lebensraum Abb. 1: Abrostola trigemina WERNBG. d1 (Gen.-Präp. Nr. 9181, Gristow b. Greifswald, leg. wird ebenfalls von interessanten Arten wie 8. 9. 1981, M. WEIDLICH) Zizera minima FUESSL., Zygaena meliloti ESP. Abb. 2 Abrostola triplasici L. <3 und Zygaena transalpina ESP. besiedelt. In der (Gen.-Präp. Nr. 106/81, Steinbach'Südthür., leg. 24. 1981, M. WEIDLICH) Nähe (etwa 1 km entfernt) hatte ich in den Abb. 3: Abrostola asclepiadis SCHIFF. $ Monaten Juni und Juli 1981 intensiv Lichtfang (Gen.-Präp. Nr. 143, Kyffhäuser, Kattenburg, leg. 5. 7. betrieben, doch befanden sich unter meiner 1981, M. WEIDLICH) Ausbeute, wie spätere Genitaluntersuchungen Abb. 4: Abrostola trigemina WERNBG. <3 (nach C. DUFAY in FÖRSTER und WOHLFAHRT) bewiesen, keine A. asclepiadis. Abb. 5: Abrostola triplasia <3L. (Gen.-Präp. Nr. 108'81, Orlamünde, leg. 7. 6. 1981, M. WEIDLICH) Noch interessanter als diese Funde in Thürin­ Abb. 6: Abrostola asclepiadis SCHIFF. (Gen.-Präp. gen sind die Vorkommen in der Mark Branden­ Nr. 132, Hainleite b. Sondershausen, leg. 16. 5. 1981 e. 1., burg und an der Küste. H. LÖBEL) Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 26, 1982/4 Mi7 168 Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 26, 1982/4 fliegen aber heute noch faunistisch interessante Literatur A rten wie Cidaria parallelolineata RETZ., BERGMANN, A. (1954): Die Großschmetter­ Eupithecia immundata Z., Eupithecia actaeata linge Mitteldeutschlands, Bd. 4/2. — Jena. FÖRSTER, W., und TH. A. WOHLFAHRT (1970): WALD, und Eupithecia cauchiata DUP. Die Die Schmetterlinge Mitteleuropas, 23. Liefe­ Raupen vonE. actaeata verursachten hier in den rung. — Stuttgart. letzten Jahren (besonders 1980) regelrechten KOCH, M. (1972): Wir bestimmen Schmetter­ Kahlfraß an ihrer Futterpflanze, dem Chri­ linge, Bd. 3. — Radebeul. stophskraut (Actaea spicata). URBAHN, E. (1939): Die Schmetterlinge Pom­ merns. — Stett. Ent. Z. 100, 644—645. Anschrift des Verfassers: Herrn Dr. H. LÖBEL möchte ich noch nach­ Michael Weidlich
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