Investigation of the Distribution of Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in the Lower Columbia River Using Semipermeable Membrane Devices

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

Prepared in cooperation with The Lower Columbia River Estuary Program and the National Stream Quality Accounting Network Program

Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4051 Investigation of the Distribution of Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in the Lower Columbia River Using Semipermeable Membrane Devices

By Kathleen A. McCarthy and Robert W. Gale

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4051

Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Columbia River Estuary Program and the National Stream Quality Accounting Network Program

Portland, Oregon 1999 K. A. McCarthy and R. W. Gale—INVESTIGATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOCHLORINE AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDRO- CARBON COMPOUNDS IN THE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER USING SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES—U.S. Geological Survey WRIR Report 99– U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director

The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.

For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from:

District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Information Services 10615 SE Cherry Blossom Dr Box 25286 Portland, OR 97216 Federal Center E-mail: [email protected] Denver, CO 80225 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS

Abstract ...... 1 Summary ...... 1 Background ...... 3 Concurrent Investigations ...... 5 Approach...... 5 Data Collection and Analyses ...... 5 Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in Water ...... 5 Deployment of Semipermeable-Membrane Devices...... 5 Analyses...... 9 Organic Carbon...... 10 Environmental Conditions ...... 10 Streambed Sediment ...... 10 Estimation of Dissolved Concentrations...... 10 Estimation of Total Concentrations ...... 11 Distribution of Organochlorine Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds ...... 12 Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans...... 12 Polychlorinated Biphenyls...... 13 Organochlorine Pesticides ...... 30 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds ...... 44 Acknowledgments...... 45 References...... 55 Appendix A.—Molecular structures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls ...... 59 Appendix B.—Organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks during low-flow conditions, 1997 ...... 63 Appendix C.—Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions, 1997...... 73 Appendix D.—Suspended and dissolved organic carbon during low-flow conditions, 1997...... 83 Appendix E.—Organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks during high-flow conditions, 1998...... 87 Appendix F.—Organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDS during high-flow conditions, 1998 ...... 95 Appendix G.—Estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions, 1998...... 109 Appendix H.—Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions, 1998...... 117 Appendix I.—Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions, 1998...... 123 Appendix J.—Suspended and dissolved organic carbon during high-flow conditions, 1998...... 135

FIGURES 1. Map showing study area location and data-collection sites...... 4 2. Semipermeable membrane device (SPMD), deployment rack, and protective shroud...... 9 3. Graph showing theoretical accumulation of a dissolved compound from water into a semipermeable membrane device ...... 11 4-9. Diagrams showing: 4. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins during low-ﬂow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 13 5. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-ﬂow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 13

v 6. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 34 7. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low- flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 34 8. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 45 9. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low- flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 53 A1. General chemical structures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ...... 61

TABLES 1. Summary of organochlorine and PAH data collected in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998...... 6 2. Semipermeable membrane device deployment during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 7 3. Semipermeable membrane device deployment during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 8 4. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in SPMDs during low- flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 14 5. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 16 6. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 17 7. Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 18 8. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 20 9. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 26 10. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 29 11. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 30 12. Estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 31 13. Estimated dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 33 14. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 35 15. Estimated total concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 41 16. Organochlorine pesticides accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 42 17. Organochlorine pesticides in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 44 18. Estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 32 19. Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 32 20. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 33 21. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 33 22. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 33

vi 23. Estimated total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 34 A1. Structures of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners ...... 62 B1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 65 B2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 66 B3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 69 B4. Organochlorine pesticides accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 70 B5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 75 C1. Partition coefficients and sampling rates used to estimate dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow and high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998...... 76 C2. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of ortho- substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow and high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998...... 76 C3. Partition coefficients and sampling rates used to estimate dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow and high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998...... 77 C4. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997...... 78 C5. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 80 D1. Organic carbon measured during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ...... 85 E1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 87 E2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 89 E3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 92 E4. Organochlorine pesticides accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 93 E5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 94 F1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in SPMDs during high- flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 97 F2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 98 F3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 104 F4. Organochlorine pesticides accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 105 F5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 107 G1. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 110 G2. Estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 ...... 111 G3. Estimated dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 ...... 113

vii G4. Estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 114 G5. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 ...... 115 H1. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 118 H2. Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimate dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 ...... 120 I1. Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 121 I2. Estimated total concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 124 I3. Estimated total concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 ...... 126 I4. Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 130 I5. Estimated total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 131 J1. Organic carbon measured during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998...... 136

CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply By To obtain Length foot (ft) 0.3048 meter mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer Flow rate cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second Temperaturea

aTemperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F= (1.8 °C) +32

METRIC UNITS OF MASS

1 milligram = 10-3x gram 1 microgram = 10-6x gram 1 nanogram = 10-9x gram 1 picogram = 10-12 gram 1 femtogram = 10-15 gram

viii ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS

CSPMD SPMD concentration

CT total concentration (dissolved plus sorbed)

Cw dissolved concentration CERC Columbia Environmental Research Center DDD dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane DDE dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DOC dissolved organic carbon EST Environmental Sampling Technologies fg/L femtograms per liter ft feet

Koc organic carbon-water partition coefﬁcient

Kow octanol-water partition coefﬁcient

KSPMD SPMD-water partition coefﬁcient L stream load mg/L milligrams per liter ng/L nanograms per liter NWQL National Water Quality Laboratory OC organochlorine PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PCDD polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin PCDF polychlorinated dibenzofuran pg/L picograms per liter Q stream discharge R SPMD sampling rate s second SOC suspended organic carbon SPMD semipermeable membrane device t time USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U. S. Geological Survey

ix Investigation of the Distribution of Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in the Lower Columbia River Using Semipermeable Membrane Devices

By Kathleen A. McCarthy and Robert W. Gale

ABSTRACT discharge in the main stem considerably dilutes elevated concentrations entering from tributaries, (5) Organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic the distribution of hydrophobic organic compounds hydrocarbon compounds are of concern in the in streambed sediment is not necessarily indicative Columbia River Basin because of their adverse of their distribution in the dissolved-phase, and (6) effects on fish and wildlife. Because these com- SPMDs can reveal patterns of contaminant occur- pounds can have important biological conse- rence at environmentally relevant concentrations quences at concentrations well below the that are undetectable by conventional water-sam- detection limits associated with conventional pling techniques. water-sampling techniques, we used semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to sample water, and achieved sub-parts-per-quintillion detection SUMMARY limits. We deployed SPMDs during 1997 low-flow conditions and 1998 high-flow condi- As a result of increasing urbanization, agricultural tions at nine main-stem sites and seven tribu- development, and industrialization throughout the Columbia River Basin, fish and wildlife populations in tary sites, spanning approximately 700 miles of and near the river are exposed to a wide variety of con- the Columbia River. We also collected streambed taminants from both runoff and atmospheric deposition. sediment from three sites. SPMD extracts and sed- Industrial and agricultural chemicals have been corre- iments were analyzed for polychlorinated lated with reproductive abnormalities in river otters, bald dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzo- eagles and ospreys from the basin, and these and other furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine organochlorine (OC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- pesticides and related transformation products, bon (PAH) compounds are also suspected of causing det- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our data rimental health effects in several additional species. indicate that (1) in the absence of additional Many of these compounds also have the tendency to bio- sources, mechanisms such as volatilization, dilu- accumulate, and adverse effects can therefore result even from extremely low concentrations in river water. tion, and settling of suspended particles can act to significantly reduce concentrations of contami- We used semipermeable-membrane devices (SPMDs) to investigate OC and PAH compounds in the nants along the river’s flow path, (2) elevated Columbia River Basin at low parts-per-quintillion lev- concentrations of contaminants in the Port- els—concentrations several orders of magnitude below land-Vancouver area are primarily from local detection limits associated with conventional water-sam- rather than upstream sources, (3) elevated concen- pling techniques. We deployed SPMDs at nine sites along trations of many compounds tend to be diluted the Columbia main stem and seven sites near the mouths during periods of high discharge, (4) much higher of tributaries during 1997 low-flow conditions and again

1 during 1998 high-flow conditions (data from the 1998 and Columbia City sites. At all other sites, 1998 PCB deployment period are presented in tables in the concentrations were similar or slightly reduced com- Appendixes of this report, but are not discussed in the pared to the 1997 study period. At the Wenatchee site, body of the report). Streambed sediment samples were concentrations of ortho-substituted PCBs were mark- also collected at three of the sites. SPMD extracts and edly lower in 1998; non-ortho-substituted PCBs were sediments were analyzed for polychlorinated not measured at this site in 1998. dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzo- The most prevalent OC pesticides detected in furans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), SPMDs during the 1997 low-flow deployment were OC pesticides and related transformation products p,p’-DDE and p,p’-DDD—both metabolites of DDT. (referred to throughout this report as simply OC Overall pesticide concentrations during this period were pesticides), and PAHs. Concentrations measured in elevated in the upper basin at the Vernita and Yakima SPMDs were used to estimate dissolved concentrations River sites, at the Warrendale site, and in the Willamette in river water and sorbed concentrations associated River Basin. During the 1998 high-flow sampling with suspended and dissolved organic carbon. period, concentrations were lower at the Warrendale and Many of the compounds investigated during this Longview sites and similar or slightly reduced at all study are persistent in the environment. Therefore, other sites except Johnson Creek. Levels of several pes- even though some have been severely restricted or ticides were somewhat elevated at the Johnson Creek site banned completely over the last few decades, target in 1998, likely due to the residential and agricultural land analytes were present at all sites sampled. Estimates of use that has characterized this relatively small drainage dissolved-phase concentrations indicate that individual basin for many years. OC compounds were generally present at picogram PAH concentrations in SPMDs during 1997 (10-12 gram) to femtogram (10-15 gram) per liter lev- low-flow conditions were lowest at main-stem sites in els, and PAHs at nanogram (10-9 gram) to picogram the upper Columbia River Basin and highest at the War- per liter levels. Additional organic compounds not tar- rendale and Willamette River Basin sites. During the geted during this study were also accumulated in 1998 study period, PAH concentrations were similar or SPMDs at concentrations up to several orders of mag- slightly lower at most sites, but were considerably nitude greater than target analytes. Although these reduced in SPMDs from the Warrendale site. compounds have not been identified, their prevalence The spatial and temporal distribution of hydropho- suggests they may be important to our understanding bic organic compounds observed during this study pro- of water-quality conditions in the Columbia River vide important insights into the sources and transport of Basin. these compounds in the Columbia River system. During the 1997 low-flow sampling period, Although differences in dissolved concentration esti- concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs were highest in mates were often small relative to the uncertainty inher- SPMDs deployed in the Willamette River Basin, the ent in our approach, the consistency in many of the Yakima River, and the Columbia River main stem near observed patterns suggests they are authentic. the Portland-Vancouver urban area. During the 1998 • Consistently low levels of compounds high-flow sampling period, concentrations of PCDDs measured at the Hayden Island site— and PCDFs were generally similar to or slightly lower just upstream of the mouth of the Wil- than 1997 levels. lamette River—and at the Bradwood Concentrations of PCBs measured during the site—the most downstream site sam- 1997 low-flow sampling were highest in SPMDs pled—suggest that in the absence of deployed at tributary sites—Johnson Creek and the additional sources, mechanisms such as Willamette River, both in the Portland-Vancouver volatilization, dilution, and settling of urban area, and the Wenatchee River, in the upper suspended particles can act to signifi- Columbia River Basin. In the Columbia River main cantly reduce concentrations of contam- stem, concentrations were slightly elevated in SPMDs inants along the river’s flow path. from the Columbia City site, just downstream of the Portland-Vancouver urban area, but were lower in • Consistently low levels of compounds SPMDs from more downstream sites. Concentrations measured at the Hayden Island site, of PCBs were lower in 1998 than in 1997 at the coupled with other data from upstream Johnson Creek, Willamette River, Wenatchee River sites, indicate that elevated concen-

2 trations of contaminants in the Port- the Columbia Slough and the Willamette River near the land-Vancouver area are primarily Portland-Vancouver area. from local rather than upstream A water-quality study by the Lower Columbia sources. River Bi-State Program (1990-96) found developmental deformities and higher concentrations of PCBs, OC pes- • Concentrations of many compounds ticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), are diluted with increased discharge, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and heavy met- except in Johnson Creek. als in river otter from the Lower Columbia River relative • Concentrations of many OC and PAH to those from a reference area (Henny et al., 1996). For compounds may be elevated at tribu- many of the compounds analyzed, the highest concen- tary sites, but the much higher dis- trations were found in otter collected near the Port- charge in the main stem considerably land-Vancouver area. Data collected during the same dilutes these concentrations. study showed that bald eagles nesting along the Colum- bia River were not reproducing as successfully as eagles • The distribution of hydrophobic nesting in other areas of Oregon and Washington organic compounds in streambed sed- (Columbia River Bi-State Study, June 1996). Eagle eggs iment is not necessarily indicative of sampled contained dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene their distribution in river water. (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)— degradation products of the once widely used OC pesti- • SPMDs can reveal patterns of con- cide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)—PCBs, taminant occurrence at environmen- PCDDs, and PCDFs at concentrations that exceeded the tally relevant concentrations that are estimated no-effect levels and that were associated with undetectable by conventional reduced productivity in other studies (Anthony et al., water-sampling techniques. 1993; Wiemeyer et al., 1993; Giesy et al., 1995; Elliott et al., 1996; Elliot et al., 1996). The Willamette River flows into the Lower BACKGROUND Columbia River in the Portland-Vancouver urban area, and is a source of OC compounds in the lower Columbia The Columbia River drains approximately River. These compounds have been detected in stre- 260,000 square miles (670,000 square kilometers) in ambed sediment, suspended sediment, and fish tissue in the Pacific Northwest and travels more than 1,200 river the Willamette Basin by several investigators (Fuhrer, miles (1,900 kilometers) from its headwaters in the 1989; Edwards, 1992; Curtis et al., 1993; Rinella, 1993; Canadian Rockies to its mouth at the Oregon-Washing- Harrison et al., 1995; Bonn, 1998; Wentz et al., 1998). ton border (fig. 1). As a result of increasing urbaniza- During storm sampling, these compounds were also tion, agricultural development, and industrialization detected in filtered water collected from Johnson Creek, throughout the basin, fish, wildlife, and human popula- the Pudding River, and the Willamette River near Port- tions in and near the Lower Columbia River are land (Harrison et al., 1995). Fuhrer et al. (1996) detected exposed to a wide variety of contaminants from both a number of organic compounds, including OC pesti- runoff and atmospheric deposition. cides, in stream water in the lower Columbia Basin, and Several studies have shown that persistent orga- found the largest number of detections and the highest nochlorine (OC) compounds are pervasive in biota, concentrations at their Willamette River site. sediment, and water sampled in the Columbia River The upper Columbia River Basin, above Bonne- Basin. L. Lefkovitz, E. Crecelius, and N. McElroy ville Dam, can also act as a source of materials to the (Battelle, unpub. data, 1996) used 2 configurations of lower basin, and several studies have detected OC com- semipermeable-membrane devices (SPMDs) to con- pounds in biota, sediment, and water sampled in the centrate OC pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls upper basin (Williamson et al., 1998; Munn and Gruber, (PCBs) from river water at 10 sites in the basin extend- 1997; Gruber and Munn, 1996, Wagner et al., 1995; ing from the Yakima River to the Columbia River at Embrey and Block, 1995; Rinella et al., 1992). Longview. They found OC compounds present at all OC and PAH compounds are ubiquitous in the sites, with the highest pesticide concentrations in the lower Columbia River Basin and result from urban, agri- Yakima River and the highest PCB concentrations in cultural, and industrial activities. The objective of this

3 Figure 1. Study area location and data-collection sites.

4 study was to identify the relative magnitudes of river- dissolved concentrations of OC and PAH compounds. In ine sources of OC and PAH compounds in the lower addition, SPMDs provide the advantage of time-inte- Columbia River Basin by measuring them within vari- grated sampling for most OC and PAH compounds, and ous reaches of the main stem and near the mouths of thus are better suited than conventional point-in-time selected tributaries. sampling techniques for investigating episodic contaminant discharges. Huckins et al. (1993) provide a descrip- tion of SPMDs and the theory underlying their CONCURRENT INVESTIGATIONS application.

Concurrent studies are underway to evaluate the biological effects of OC and PAH compounds in the DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSES Columbia River Basin. The Forest and Rangeland Eco- system Science Center (Corvallis, Oregon) of the U.S. SPMDs were used to sample nine sites on the Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a study along Columbia River main stem and seven tributary sites for the Columbia River to evaluate the relationship PAH and OC compounds during low-flow conditions in between osprey (Pandion haliaetus) reproduction and the late summer and early fall of 1997, and again during the contaminant residue patterns in their eggs. In a sep- high-flow conditions in 1998 (tables 1-3). High flows in arate study, the USGS’s Biomonitoring of Environ- the Columbia River main stem result primarily from mental Status and Trends Program collected fish at snowmelt, and the 1998 sampling at most sites was con- selected sites within the Columbia River Basin. After ducted during late spring and early summer to capture being examined and assessed for gross indications of peak discharges. In contrast, high flows in the Wil- fish health, tissues from these fish are being analyzed lamette subbasin result largely from winter rainfall, and for contaminant residues and biomarkers—biochemi- therefore the 1998 sampling at the Willamette River and cal, physiological, or histological indicators of expo- Johnson Creek sites was conducted during the winter. sure to contaminants. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife To help in the interpretation of SPMD data, water Service (USFWS) also deployed SPMDs at many of temperature was also monitored and water samples were the sites sampled during the current study. Dialysates collected for analyses of dissolved and suspended from these SPMDs will be evaluated by the H4IIE rat organic carbon. During the 1997 low-flow sampling hepatoma cell bioassay method (Tillitt et al., 1991), period, streambed sediment was collected from three of which provides a measure of the overall toxicity of the sites and analyzed for the full suite of OC and PAH compounds present in the river. compounds.

Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic APPROACH Hydrocarbon Compounds in Water

Because of their very low water solubilities, OC The SPMDs used in this study were purchased and PAH compounds in water tend to sorb to sediment from Environmental Sampling Technologies (EST), St. and dissolved organic material, and the dissolved frac- Joseph, Missouri. They were standard SPMDs (Huckins tions of these compounds are therefore low. However, et al., 1999) consisting of a 91.4-cm length of 2.5-cm adverse biological impacts can result from even wide low-density polyethylene lay-flat tubing containing extremely low concentrations of the dissolved phase of a thin film (1 mL, 0.915 g) of triolein—a large-molecu- some these compounds, particularly those that accu- lar-weight, neutral lipid characteristic of many fats and mulate in aquatic organisms. Because such low dis- oils (fig. 2). solved concentrations are not detectable by conventional water-sampling methods, they are typically mea- Deployment of Semipermeable Membrane Devices sured by analyzing large-volume unfiltered water samples. Dissolved concentrations are then estimated SPMDs, mounted on deployment racks (fig. 2), using dissolved and particulate organic carbon data and were shipped from the manufacturer in sealed 1-gallon partition coefficients. To overcome some of the diffi- metal cans and refrigerated until use. The sealed cans culties inherent in large-volume water sampling, were transported to the field on ice. In the field, the SPMDs (fig. 2) were used in this study to measure the mounted SPMDs were removed from the storage cans

5 Table 1. Summary of organochlorine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon data collection in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998 [—, not available; for tributary sites, Columbia River mile indicates river mile at which tributary enters main stem; see ﬁgure 1 for site locations]

Surface-Water Data Collected Site Columbia Site Name Station Number River Mile Number Water Sediment

Main-Stem Sites

Bradwood 01 — 39 X

Beaver Army Terminal 02 14246900 54 X X

Longview 03 — 69 X

Columbia City 04 — 82 X

Hayden Island 07 — 102 X

Warrendale 09 14128870 141 X X

Umatilla 10 — 289 X

Vernita Bridge 14 12472900 388 X

Northport 16 12400520 735 X

Tributary Sites

Lake River 05 — 87 X

Willamette River 06 14211720 101 X X

Johnson Creek 08 14211550 —a X

Yakima River 11 12510500 335 X

Lower Crab Creek 12 12472600 411 X

Snake River 13 13353200 324 X

Wenatchee River 15 — 468 X aJohnson Creek is tributary to the Willamette River at Willamette River mile 18

(by grasping the mounting rack rather than the SPMD), tory. Again, SPMDs were typically exposed to the atmo- transferred into stainless steel deployment cannisters sphere less than 15 minutes before being sealed in (which serve as protective shrouds), and placed in the shipping containers. stream. SPMDs were typically exposed to the atmo- Field Quality Control.—SPMDs were deployed sphere less than 15 minutes before being submerged in in duplicate at selected locations to help quantify the the river. overall precision of the sampling and analytical meth- Each cannister contained 5 SPMDs. Individual ods. At selected sites, field-blank SPMDs were exposed deployments consisted of either 1 or 3 cannisters (5 or to the atmosphere during both deployment and retrieval 15 SPMDs per deployment), depending on the suite of to help quantify sample contamination resulting from compounds to be analyzed. Cannisters were secured at handling and exposure to the atmosphere. Duplicate each site with anchors and, in some cases, a tether line deployments and field blanks each consisted of the same attached to a fixed structure. Floats were used to ensure number of SPMDs (5 or 15) as the associated primary that the cannisters did not rest on the streambed. deployment. All SPMD sets—primary deployments, SPMDs were left in place for approximately 35 days. duplicate deployments, and field blanks—were pro- At the end of this 5-week deployment period, the cessed and analyzed using the same methods. mounted SPMDs were removed from the cannisters For each class of compounds, analyte concen- (by grasping the mounting rack rather than the SPMD), trations measured in field-blank SPMDs (Appendixes B sealed in cans, and shipped on ice to the EST labora- and E) were generally much lower than those measured

6 Fouling Membrane > 5 M-H (ft/s) Water 1.5 - 3 S 0.5 - 11.5 - 30.5 - 1 M 1.5 - 3 S-M 1.5 - 3 M 3 - 4.5 M-H S-M 1.5 - 3 M 1.5 - 3 S-M S-M 1.5 - 3 S-M Velocity Estimated i f c b b b d d e g h /s) 3 39,500 (ft Stream Discharge ., 1998). ., 1998). ment Division FTP site, accessed July 20, 1998 at URL ment Division ., 1998). a ., 1998). gement Division FTP site, accessed July 20, 1998 at URL gement Division et al et al et al s (C) et al Water Temperature cate Dupli- Field Quality Control Average Exposure-Period Blank ., 1998). ., 1998). Exposure Period (days) Period Phase 2 Deployment Phase 1 Deployment et al et al Date Retrieved Date Deployed /s, cubic feet per second; ft/s, S, slight; M, moderate; H, heavy] 3 Site Number Site Name . Simipermeable membrane device deployment during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 , no data available; C, degrees Celsius; ft C, degrees , no data available; ftp://ftp.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/pub/data_request/). ftp://ftp.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/pub/data_request/). Discharge from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station near site (Hubbard from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge stream-gaging station near site (Wiggins from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge stream-gaging station 12462500, approximately 5 miles upstream of site (Wiggins estimated from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge stream-gaging station 12399500, approximately 10 miles upstream of site (Wiggin estimated from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge SPMDs and temperature logger at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage. to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River SPMDs and temperature logger at the Snake Manage approximately 3.5 miles upstream of site (U.S. Army Corps Engineers Water estimated from McNary Dam outflow, Discharge stream-gaging station 13353000, approximately 1 mile upstream of site (Wiggins estimated from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge — Discharge estimated from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station 12472800, approximately 6 miles upstream of site (Wiggins estimated from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge Discharge estimated from Bonneville Dam outflow, approximately 3 miles upstream of site (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Mana approximately 3 miles upstream of site (U.S. Army Corps Engineers Water Dam outflow, estimated from Bonneville Discharge LongviewColumbia CityWillamette RiverJohnson CreekUmatilla RiverYakima 04 03 Creek Crab Lower 06 RiverSnake 08 5 August 5 August 6 August BridgeVernita September 9 6 August September 9 September 10 12 11Northport 10 September 10 11 August 11 August 35 35 35 8 August RiverLake 13 14 September 16 September 15 IslandHayden 35 September 15 12 August Warrendale 12 August X 36 35 September 15 September 16 16 38 X X 05 34 13 August 07 X 35 X September 17 October 15 October 15 09 21.9 21.5 21.6 20 November 20 November X October 15 35 17.6 20 November 11,200 36 36 20.6 20.7 X — 20.2 — 36 31 1.5 - 3 1.5 - 3 20.1 X 2,250 171,000 328 — S-M S-M 16.9 128,000 112,000 11.6 12.5 12.8 — — 156,000 0.5 - 1 0.5 - 1 S-M M Bradwood Army TerminalBeaver 02 4 August 01 September 8 4 August September 8 35 35 21.2 21.7 201,000 — 0.5 - 1 M Wenatchee RiverWenatchee 15 13 August September 16 34 16.6 1,410 Table 2 a b c d e f g h i [

7 Fouling Membrane > 5 M-H > 5> 5 M M-H (ft/s) Esti- Water 1.5 - 33 - 4.5 S-M M 3 - 4.5 M 3 - 4.51.5 - 3 S 3 - 4.53 - 4.5 S-M M M 1.5 - 3 M-H mated Velocity i f c b b b d b e g h /s) 3 (ft Stream 107,000 Discharge a (C) ment Division FTP site, accessed September 24, 1998 at URL ment Division gement Division FTP site, accessed September 24, 1998 at URL gement Division Water ished data, 1998). hed data, 1998). shed data, 1998). shed data, 1998). Temperature Duplicate Quality Control Average Exposure-Period Field Blank Phase 1 Deployment Phase 2 Deployment (days) Period Exposure Date Retrieved Date Deployed /s, cubic feet per second; ft/s, S, slight; M, moderate; H, heavy] 3 Site Number Site Name . Simipermeable membrane device deployment during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 , no data available; C, degrees Celsius; ft C, degrees , no data available; Lower Crab Creek Crab Lower 12 BridgeVernita Umatilla 3 June 7 July 14 4 June 10 34 7 July 5 June 8 July 33 33 X 21.3 X 15.6 3 160,000 16.5 277,000 Willamette RiverJohnson CreekBradwood Army TerminalBeaver 06Longview 08 January 15 IslandHayden 02 February 18Columbia City January 15 RiverLake February 18 01 19 May Warrendale 34Northport 34 07 03 19 May 22 June 04 X RiverWenatchee 21 May 22 June River 21 May Yakima 05 34 22 May RiverSnake 09 X 24 June 23 June 34 22 May 16 15 23 June X 22 May 34 33 23 June 11 2 June 3 June 24 June 32 7.8 13 X 4 June 32 6 July 7 July 8.3 33 4 June 80,500 7 July 14.5 34 34 8 July 194 33 14.7 385,000 34 15.4 14.7 X 15.2 — 16.5 X 14.9 1.5 - 3 — — — — 12.7 0.5 - 1 316,000 3 - 4.5 S 19.5 — 3 - 4.5 S 16.5 S 130,000 0.5 - 1 6,810 S 3,590 S-M ftp://ftp.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/pub/data_request/). ftp://ftp.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/pub/data_request/). Discharge from U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station near site (unpublished data, 1998). from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge stream-gaging station 12399500, approximately 10 miles upstream of site (unpubl estimated from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge stream-gaging station 13353000, approximately 1 mile upstream of site (unpublis estimated from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge stream-gaging station 12472800, approximately 6 miles upstream of site (unpubli estimated from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge SPMDs and temperature logger at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage. to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River SPMDs and temperature logger at the Snake Mana approximately 3 miles upstream of site (U.S. Army Corps Engineers Water Dam outflow, estimated from Bonneville Discharge stream-gaging station 12462500, approximately 5 miles upstream of site (unpubli estimated from U.S. Geological Survey Discharge — Discharge estimated from Bureau of Reclamation data (unpublished data, 1998). Discharge Discharge estimated from McNary Dam outflow, approximately 3.5 miles upstream of site (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Manage approximately 3.5 miles upstream of site (U.S. Army Corps Engineers Water estimated from McNary Dam outflow, Discharge Table 3 Table [ a b c d e f g h i

8 Membrane PCDFs, which were either not detected or present at lev- 75-90 µm thick els that could not be quantified. The reasons for the dis- crepancies in the Northport duplicate data are not Transient known, but we hypothesize that the second sample was Interior membrane pore size somehow contaminated and the first sample is more rep- <10 A resentative of riverine conditions at site 16. Data from the 1998 deployment support this assumption, but the results remain ambiguous and should be interpreted cau- Water Water tiously. Contaimnant Lipid molecule (Triolein) Interior Analyses At the EST laboratory, exterior debris and periph- yton were removed and SPMDs were spiked with a cocktail of surrogate compounds prepared by the USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC), SPMD mounted on Columbia, Missouri, to monitor analyte recovery. Spiked deployment rack SPMDs were dialyzed in hexane, and dialysates were purified using high-performance gel-permeation chromatography and sealed in glass ampules. Purified dialysates from the 1997 low-flow deployments and from the phase-1 1998 high-flow deployment were sent to the Protective CERC for analyses. Purified dialysates from the phase-2 shroud high-flow deployment were sent to the Midwest Research Institute (MRI), Kansas City, Missouri, for analyses. In the analytical laboratories, enriched dialysates Figure 2. Semipermeable membrane device (SPMD), were divided into separate portions for analyses of (1) deployment rack, and protective shroud. (After Huckins PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs, (2) OC Pesticides and trans- et al., 1998) formation products, and (3) PAHs. (See appendix A for illustrations and definitions of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB in deployed SPMDs, showing that handling and expo- congeners.) Each of these portions was prepared for sure to the atmosphere did not introduce significant analysis with specific fractionation and enrichment pro- contamination. In addition, for each deployment cedures. PCDDs, PCDFs, and non-ortho-substituted period, analyte concentrations were similar in all PCBs were analyzed by gas chromatography-high reso- field-blank SPMDs. SPMD data from each river lution mass spectrometry. OC pesticides and ortho-sub- deployment were therefore corrected for atmospheric stituted PCBs were analyzed by gas chromatography contamination, based on average concentrations of all with electron capture detection. PAH compounds were field blanks exposed during that period. analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results from duplicate field deployments (pre- Complete details of the methods used at the CERC labo- sented with regular deployment results in the following ratory are described by Gale and Orazio (1998); further sections) indicate precision adequate for a reconnais- details of methods used at the EST and MRI laboratories sance-level study. With the exception of the 1997 are available from EST and MRI. duplicate deployment at the Northport site, results Laboratory Quality Control.—Quality control from most duplicate samples differed by less than a samples processed with SPMD samples included proce- factor of two, and as expected, the greatest differences dural blanks and procedural spikes for each class of ana- were in analytes present at concentrations near the lytes. Procedural blanks were used to identify and detection limits. There were considerably larger differ- quantify background contamination that occurred during ences between the Northport duplicate samples. The sample preparation and analyses. Procedural spikes were second Northport sample had consistently higher used to monitor the overall efficiency of the sample prep- concentrations of all analytes except PCDDs and aration and analytical processes. Reported SPMD

9 concentrations were corrected for surrogate recoveries nol-rinsed glass containers, and shipped on ice to the (when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank CERC for analyses. backgrounds. Further details of the quality-control At the CERC, sediment samples were air dried methods used at the analytical laboratories and the spe- and homogenized, and sample aliquots for analyses of cific methods used for data correction are available in (1) PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs, (2) OC Pesticides and Gale and Orazio (1998) and from MRI. transformation products, and (3) PAHs were prepared with specific fractionation and enrichment processes (Gale and Orazio, 1998). Analyses were performed as Organic Carbon described in the earlier section on SPMDs. Quality control samples processed with sediment samples included Grab samples for analyses of dissolved and sus- method replicates, procedural blanks, procedural spikes, pended organic carbon were collected at selected sites and positive-control matrix samples for each class of during the deployment and retrieval of SPMDs. These analytes. Further details of the methods used are samples were collected in baked glass bottles, sealed described by Gale and Orazio (1998). with aluminum-foil-lined caps, and stored on ice immediately following collection. The samples were filtered in the District laboratory within 24 hours, then shipped on ice to the USGS National Water Quality ESTIMATION OF DISSOLVED Laboratory (NWQL; Denver, Colorado) for analyses CONCENTRATIONS (Wershaw et al., 1987). Laboratory analyses of enriched SPMD dialysates To assure the quality of organic-carbon data, provided a direct measure of the mass of analytes accu- equipment blank samples were processed using mulated in the SPMD during the deployment period. In organic-free water and analyzed along with the field this section, we discuss the process by which water samples. Duplicate samples were also collected, pro- concentrations were estimated from these SPMD data. cessed, and analyzed along with the primary environ- Huckins et al. (1993) described the theoretical mental samples. Standard quality-control procedures process of mass transfer from water into SPMDs and were followed at the USGS NWQL (Pirkey and Glodt, developed mathematical models for estimating dissolved 1998). concentrations from analytes accumulated in the SPMD lipid phase. Subsequent work has demonstrated that the entire SPMD (lipid plus membrane) is important in com- Environmental Conditions pound uptake (Petty et al., 1994; Meadows et al., 1998) Hobo XT temperature loggers (Onset Instru- and the mathematical models of Huckins et al. (1993) ments Corp., Pocasset, Massachusetts) were deployed have been expanded to account for this (Huckins et al., along with SPMDs at each site. The loggers recorded 1999). We briefly summarize this theory below. ambient water temperature at 48-minute intervals dur- The theoretical relationship between the concen- ing the entire deployment period. Duplicate tempera- tration of compound i in water and in an SPMD (lipid ture loggers were deployed at selected sites during each plus membrane) is given by (Huckins et al., 1999): ⋅ deployment period. Water velocity at each site was –Ri t ------⋅ - visually estimated at the beginning and end of each Ki, SPMD V SPMD CiSPMD, = Ci, WATER ⋅⋅K i, SPMD 1 – e (1) period, and the degree of membrane fouling was estimated during processing in the laboratory. These conditions are summarized in tables 2 and 3. where Ci,SPMD is the concentration of i in the SPMD (mass per volume of SPMD), Ci,WATER is the constant concentration of i dissolved in water (dissolved mass per Streambed Sediment volume of water), Ki,SPMD is the SPMD-water partition coefficient (volume of water per volume of SPMD) for i, Streambed sediment samples were collected fol- Ri is the SPMD sampling rate (volume of water from lowing procedures described by Shelton and Capel which analytes are extracted per time) for i, t is the (1994). Samples were processed by wet sieving duration of the SPMD exposure (time), and VSPMD is the through a 63-µm stainless steel sieve with native water. total volume of the SPMD, (membrane plus lipid; 4.9 The sediment samples were placed in 1-quart metha- mL for the standard configuration used in this study). A

10 graphical representation of this relationship over time tition coefficients and sampling rates have been mea- (fig. 3) shows that the accumulation of a compound by sured under controlled laboratory or specific field an SPMD goes through an early linear phase and conditions, but data available show that Ri values vary gradually approaches an equilibrium concentration. depending on conditions such as water temperature, The time when one-half of the equilibrium water velocity, and membrane fouling (Huckins et al., concentration is reached is given by: 1997; Huckins et al., 1999). Unfortunately, the nature

–ln()0.5 ⋅ K i, SPMD ⋅ V SPMD of these dependencies are not completely characterized. ti, 0.5 = ------(2) Ri We have therefore taken a conservative approach by not adjusting Ri values to account for our specific field con- For standardized SPMDs, such as those used in this ditions. As a result, in the following sections we provide study, the duration of the linear uptake phase, only approximations of the exposure-period average dis- approximately t0.5, and the time required to approach solved concentrations of OC and PAH compounds. equilibrium vary with the magnitudes of Ki,SPMD and Although we are not able to quantify the uncertainty in Ri. For compounds with a sufficiently large t0.5, the these concentrations, we estimate their absolute error to duration of the linear uptake phase is longer than our be less than an order of magnitude, and are somewhat 5-week SPMD deployments. Water concentrations for more confident in the validity of site-to-site differences. these compounds, time-averaged over the duration of Subtle patterns in the data may therefore not be authen- the deployment, can be estimated by a linear tic, but we discuss the most distinct patterns in later sec- approximation of equation 1: tions. (It is important to note that since the implemen- ⋅ CiSPMD, V SPMD tation of this study, a technique using permeability refer- Ci, WATER = ------(3) Ri ⋅ t ence compounds to provide more accurate estimates of field Ri values and thus increase the accuracy of aqueous For compounds with a sufficiently small t0.5, our concentration estimates from SPMD data has been 5-week deployment period was adequate for SPMDs to described by Huckins et al. (1997) and Huckins et al. approach equilibrium with the water. An equilibrium (1999).) approximation of equation 1 can be used to estimate time-averaged water concentrations for these compounds: ESTIMATION OF TOTAL Ci, SPMD Ci, WATER = ------(4) CONCENTRATIONS K i, SPMD In addition to the dissolved mass discussed in the previous section, the total concentration of a hydropho- 1.0 Equilibrium Concentration bic compound in water includes the mass associated with suspended sediment and dissolved organic macromole- cules. Assuming that partitioning to the organic phase of suspended sediment is the primary process of sediment 0.5 sorption (Chiou et al., 1983), the total concentration of compound i in water can be approximated as:

Concentration in SPMD Concentration ()SOC+ DOC Approximately ⋅ ⋅ Linear Phase Ci, TOTAL = Ci, WATER 1 + K iOC, ------6 (5) 0 10 t0.5 Time where C is the total concentration of compound Figure 3. Theoretical accumulation of a dissolved i,TOTAL ompound from water into a SPMD. i in the water (dissolved plus sorbed mass per volume of water), Ki,oc is the organic-carbon partition coefﬁcient Although equations 1, 3, and 4 appear to provide for i in water (volume of water per mass of organic straightforward methods for calculating time-averaged carbon), SOC is the concentration of suspended organic water concentrations from concentrations measured in carbon in the water (milligrams per liter of water), and SPMDs, accurate values for Ki,SPMD and Ri are not DOC is the concentration of dissolved organic carbon in generally available. For a number of compounds, par- the water (milligrams per liter of water).

11 Estimates of the exposure-period average total area. In the lower main stem, levels were highest in concentrations of selected compounds were calculated SPMDs from the Columbia City site, just downstream of using equation 5 and are presented in the following the urban area, and somewhat lower in SPMDs from sections. Similar to estimates of dissolved concen- more downstream sites. PCDFs showed a similar distri- trations, we consider estimates of total concentration to bution, though levels were somewhat elevated at the be accurate to within approximately an order of magni- Warrendale and Vernita sites relative to other sites. tude, but are somewhat more confident in the validity At tributary sites (table 4), PCDD concentrations of site-to-site differences. measured in SPMDs deployed in the Yakima River and in the vicinity of the Portland-Vancouver urban area—in the Willamette River and Johnson Creek—were elevated DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOCHLORINE relative to other tributaries. PCDFs showed a similar pat- AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC tern, except in Johnson Creek, where levels of tetrachlo- HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS rodibenzofurans were considerably higher than at other sites. The distribution of OC and PAH compounds measured in the Columbia River Basin during the sum- Some PCDDs and PCDFs can be inadvertently mer and fall of 1997 are presented and discussed in the generated during the production of certain OC pesti- following sections. Data from the 1998 winter and cides; this may be the source of these compounds in the spring study period are not discussed in the following Yakima River Basin, which has been in agricultural use sections, but are presented in Appendixes E-J and dis- for several decades. While potential urban and industrial cussed briefly in the Summary section. (It should be sources of these compounds exist at many locations noted that because data were collected only once dur- along the Columbia River main stem below the Warren- ing low-flow conditions and once during high-flow dale site, our data suggest that the most important conditions, we do not have a measure of the variability sources are located in the Willamette River Basin and the within either flow regime; therefore, differences in Portland-Vancouver reach of the Columbia River main concentrations measured during these two deployment stem, downstream of the Hayden Island site. periods cannot necessarily be attributed to the differ- The more highly chlorinated, hydrophobic PCDD ence in flow regimes.) and PCDF congeners were detected in streambed sediment—the hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorinated congeners. The site-to-site pattern of these compounds measured in Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and sediment from the Beaver Army Terminal, Willamette Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans River, and Warrendale sites (table 5) was consistent with PCDDs and PCDFs are produced naturally dur- the pattern suggested by SPMD data—concentrations ing events such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires were highest in Willamette River sediment and lowest at and as byproducts of anthropogenic processes such as the Warrendale site, upstream of the urban area. waste incineration, production and use of certain wood Estimated dissolved and total concentrations preservatives, kraft pulp bleaching, and chlorination of in river water.—Estimates of the dissolved concen- sewage effluent. PCDDs and PCDFs can also result trations of PCDDs and PCDFs (table 6) indicate that from the breakdown or incineration of other OC com- these compounds were generally present in the dissolved pounds. (See Appendix A for illustrations and defini- phase at femtogram (10-15 gram) or picogram (10-12 tions of the various PCDD and PCDF congeners.) gram) per liter (fg/L or pg/L) levels. Estimates of dis- The most commonly detected PCDDs and solved concentrations show site-to-site patterns similar PCDFs in the Columbia River Basin during the 1997 to SPMD concentrations (figs. 4 and 5). However, dis- sampling period were some of the tetrachloro- and hep- solved concentration estimates of the most hydrophobic tachloro-substituted congeners, excluding the highly congeners (e.g., hepta- and octachlorinated congeners) toxic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. PCDD were markedly higher than for the tetra- and pentachlo- concentrations measured in SPMDs (table 4) indicate rinated congeners. This is particularly evident in figure 4 that levels were relatively low in the Columbia River for the Johnson Creek and Yakima River sites—the only main stem at the Hayden Island site (in the Port- sites where octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was detected in land-Vancouver vicinity), and all sites above the urban SPMDs.

12 Wenatchee River

Columbia River

Lake River Yakima River

Lower Crab Creek

Columbia River EXPLANATION

Paciﬁc Ocean Paciﬁc Snake R Main stem Johnson Creek Tributary Site sampled; analytes either Willamette River not detected or not quantified

Figure 4. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins during low-ﬂow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of congener-class total concentrations reported in table 6.)

Wenatchee River

Columbia River

Lake River Yakima River

Lower Crab Creek

Columbia River EXPLANATION

Paciﬁc Ocean Paciﬁc Snake R Main stem Johnson Creek Tributary Willamette River Site sampled; analytes either not detected or not quantified

Figure 5. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-ﬂow conditions in theColumbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of congener-class total concentrations reported in table 6.)

As indicated by their organic-carbon partition Yakima River were particularly high due to the abun- coefﬁcient (Koc) values (table 7), PCDDs and PCDFs dance of the heptachloro- and octachloro-substituted are highly hydrophobic compounds. Their tendency to congeners at these sites. sorb to sediment and dissolved organic material increases with their degree of chlorination. As a result, most of the mass of these compounds in water is sorbed Polychlorinated Biphenyls to organic matter rather than dissolved. This phenome- non is clearly revealed by estimates of total concen- PCBs were once widely used for a variety of trations (table 7), which are considerably higher than industrial purposes such as heat-resistant oils in electri- estimates of dissolved concentrations (table 6). Total cal transformers and capacitors, natural-gas transmission concentrations of PCDDs in Johnson Creek and the turbines, and other heat-transfer systems, as well as for

13 (102) Island Hayden 4.8 ND 6.2 ND (—) ND ND NDNDND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQNQNQ ND ND NQ ND NQ ND ND NQNQ ND ND NQNQ ND ND 11. ND 30.54.92. NQ 38. NQ ND NQ 62. ND 13. ND Creek 720. 7.8 Site 08 Site 07 Johnson [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [49] [15] [37] [31] RD [<1] [3] [12] icate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, 6.9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recov- ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 45. 14. 30. 60. 19. 76. 22. -12 (101) Site 06 Willamette River Duplicates 4.4 7.8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 74. 14. 29. 22. 30. 110. d in picograms (10 6.5 (87) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 15. 23. Lake River Site 05 (82) City Columbia (69) Longview Duplicates RD ] a (54) Terminal -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

p Beaver Army (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood -dioxins:

p . Polychlorinated dibenzo- Total PentaTotal 8. 4 HexaTotal 10. HeptaTotal ND 12. NQ ND 10. NQ ND [18] 22. NQ ND NQ [—] NQ [—] 8. 1 Total TetraTotal PentaTotal 16. HexaTotal ND HeptaTotal 30. ND ND 32. TetraTotal 12. ND ND 25. 14. 38. ND ND [25] 14. 69. [—] 65. ND NQ 13. 91. [—] [7] ND 72. 30. [23] 130. 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND ND NQ ND ND1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa [—] ND [—] ND NQ ND ND ND ND ND ND ND [—] [—] ND ND 1,2,3,7,8-Penta1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta NDOcta ND 5.8 ND ND 7.12,3,4,7,8-Penta ND1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.6 ND [—] NQ ND [—] ND 6.51,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta ND ND1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta ND NQ ND [2] NDOcta ND ND ND NQ 14. ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—] ND NQ [—] NQ ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—] ND [—] NQ ND ND [—] ND 1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND [—] NQ 2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND2,3,7,8-Tetra ND 8. 1 [—] 14. ND 18. 14. [25] 24. Polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated Polychlorinated dibenzo- Polychlorinated Table 4 concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below eries and for procedural and between duplicate pairs, in percent difference ﬁeld-blankis relative background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; —, no value; shaded columns ind

14 (735) Northport Duplicates RD grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recov- NDNDND NDNDND NDND ND NDND ND ND ND ND NDND [—] ND ND ND [—] ND [—] NQ NDND [—] ND [—] [—] NDND [—] NDND NDNDND [—] ND NDND ND NDND NDND ND ND [—] ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND [—] ND [—] ND [—] ND [—] [—] [—] [—] NQ ND NDNQNQ [—] NQNQ NQ ND ND NDNQ [—] ND [—] ND [—] NDNQNQ [—] ND ND ND ND [—] [—] 24. 8.2 ND [—] -12 (468) River Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee e; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brack- shown sites; RD value, e; shaded columns indicate tributary ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ (411) ical results are presented for informational purposes only. Creek Site 12 Lower Crab Lower 100 ⋅ (388) - Bridge Vernita 2 ⁄ 2 2 V [8][7] NQ NQ [3] 53. V [5] NQ – [—] ND [—][—] ND [—] ND [—] ND [—] ND [—] ND ND [—] 11. [—][—] ND ND [—][—] ND [—] ND [—] ND [—] ND [—] ND [—] ND ND [—] ND [26] NQ [15] 16. [<1] ND RD 1 + 1 V V ------() = 7.8 ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 95. 25. 45. 63. 63. 20. (335) Site 11 Site 14 RD Yakima River Yakima Duplicates 7.1 8.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 23. 42. 63. 65. 26. 110. b ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ] NQ NQ NQ 13. (324) Snake a River Site 13 , is calculated as 2 V and 1 V (289) Umatilla -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, p (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale -dioxins:

p . Polychlorinated dibenzo- Total TetraTotal PentaTotal 12. Hexa Total ND NQ ND ND ND PentaTotal 8.1 HexaTotal NQ HeptaTotal ND NQ ND NQ Total HeptaTotal TetraTotal NQ NQ 57. 23. 1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND ND Octa1,2,3,7,8-Penta NQ1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND ND Octa ND ND 2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND 2,3,7,8-Tetra 15. 5.3 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta ND ND ND 5.3 ND ND NQ 2,3,4,7,8-Penta1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ND1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa ND1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta ND ND1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated Polychlorinated dibenzo- Polychlorinated SPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analyt to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River at the Snake SPMD’s Percent relative difference between two values, between two difference Percent relative eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no valu eries and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference ets, is relative Table 4 Table [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in picograms (10 1997—Continued a b

15 Table 5. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in picograms (10-12 grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded columns indicate tributary site] Beaver Army Terminal Willamette River Warrendale (54) (101) (141) Site 02 Site 06 Site 09

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND Total Tetra NQ NQ ND 1,2,3,7,8-Penta NQ NQ ND Total Penta NQ 1.9 ND 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa NQ 0.9 ND 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 2.1 4.4 NQ 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 1.6 2.7 0.5 Total Hexa 14. 26. 3.9 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 32. 86. 8.5 Total Hepta 65. 130. 23. Octa 370. 990. 110.

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND Total Tetra ND ND ND 1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND NQ ND 2,3,4,7,8-Penta ND NQ ND Total Penta ND NQ ND 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa NQ 17. ND 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 0.6 3.9 NQ 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa NQ 1.2 NQ Total Hexa 6.6 23. NQ 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta NQ 19. ND 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 0.6 3.2 ND Total Hepta NQ 45. ND Octa ND NQ ND hydraulic ﬂuids, lubricants, and pesticide extenders. (in press) also found elevated levels of PCBs in the livers Although no longer manufactured in the United States, of mink and river otter from the Columbia main stem in PCBs are very stable and persist in the environment. the vicinity of the Wenatchee River. Concentrations of (See Appendix A for general chemical structures of the most ortho-substituted PCBs in streambed sediment various PCB congeners.) were also elevated at the Willamette River site relative to Overall SPMD concentrations of ortho-substi- the other two sites sampled (table 9). In the Columbia tuted PCBs measured during the 1997 low-ﬂow study River main stem, differences in ortho-substituted PCB period (table 8) were highest in SPMDs deployed at concentrations were small relative to uncertainty, but the tributary sites—Johnson Creek and the Willamette data suggest some patterns. Concentrations were some- River, both in the Portland-Vancouver urban area, and what elevated in SPMDs from the Warrendale and Ver- the Wenatchee River, in the upper basin. Elliott et al. nita sites, but in both cases were lower in SPMDs from

16 (735) Northport —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— 100 40 (468) River Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (411) Lower Site 12 Crab Creek (388) Bridge Vernita —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— 40 60 80 — 800 100 800 — 300 300 200 — (335) River Site 11 Site 14 1,0006,000 — — Yakima sing equation (3) and are reported to one signiﬁcant digit, in tes used in calculations are summarized table C1; shaded (289) Umatilla (141) for calculation is not available] Warrendale (102) Island Hayden ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— 80 — 90 — 40 — — — 200 — —200—8030 — 400 — 50 — 100 — — — (—) Creek Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 1,0002,0008,000 — — — 2004,000 — — — 40 — — 300 100 Johnson — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 30 80 -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River 600 500 100 600 200 (101) p River Site 06 1,000 Willamette ) c — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 200 500 100 Lake (87 River Site 05 (82) City Columbia (69) Longview (54) Army Beaver Terminal ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood -dioxins:

p grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients and sampling ra with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; partition coefficients grams) per liter, -15 . Estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo- Total TetraTotal Penta Total 100 200 Hexa Total Hepta 200Total 500 400 TetraTotal 500 PentaTotal 500 200 1,000 400 50 Hexa 500Total 60 700 HeptaTotal 80 100 — — — — — — 80 1,2,3,7,8-Penta 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HeptaOcta 200 200 2002,3,4,7,8-Penta 500 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta Octa 1,2,3,7,8-Penta 2,3,7,8-Tetra 2,3,7,8-Tetra 40 70 90 100 Polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated Polychlorinated dibenzo- Polychlorinated femtograms (10 Table 6 Table [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); dissolved concentrations were calculated u Basin, 1997 columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was columns indicate tributary

17 c t of the total con- (102) Hayden Island Hayden ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— 83% — — 99% —99% — 99%99% — — —49% — —49% — —71% 90 — 71% 54% — — — — 91% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (—) 1.85 2.30 500 400 100 Site 08 Site 07 7,000 1,000 1,000 10,000 80,000 100,000 Johnson Creek 1,000,000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 83% 99% 99% 49% 49% 71% 71% 91% ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 90 1.85 (101) 200 600 900 Site 06 3,000 1,000 40,000 80,000 Willamette River — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 99% 99% 62% tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); b — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (87) 3.10 300 Site 05 Lake River ions; —, all information required for calculation is not available] 30,000 60,000 (82) Columbia City (69) -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, Longview p l (54) Beaver Army Termina Army Beaver —— —— —— —— (39) grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations indicate the percen Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood -15 20,000 99% 20,000 99% 20,000 99% 50,000 99% a d d

Log K -dioxins:

p . Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo- Total TetraTotal PentaTotal 6.4 Hexa 6.9Total 900 86% HeptaTotal — 2,000 — 7.6 86% 7.6 TetraTotal 2,000 86% — — 40,000 — — 99% 3,000 PentaTotal 86% 5.7 50,000 99% — — — — 50,000 400 6.1 99% 55% HexaTotal 100,000 — — 99% 200 800 76% — — 55% HeptaTotal 6.6 1,000 300 54% 75% — — 6.8 — 1,000 300 54% — 75% — — 600 — 75% — — — — — — — — — 1,000 93% , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon 1,2,3,7,8-Penta1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.91,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 7.61,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.6 — 7.6 —Octa — 7.6 — — — — —1,2,3,7,8-Penta —2,3,4,7,8-Penta — — 7.8 — —1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 6.1 —1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa — 6.11,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa — — —2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa — 6.6 — — — 6.6 — — — 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 6.6 — —1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta — 6.6 — — — — — — — 7.0 —Octa — — 6.5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2,3,7,8-Tetra 6.4 — — —2,3,7,8-Tetra — — 5.7 — 90 — 55% — 200 55% 200 54% 300 54% oc K Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 Polychlorinated dibenzo- Polychlorinated Polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrat to one significant digit, in femtograms (10 Table 7 1997 [ centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculat sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary

18 t of the total con- values for homolog totals were values ow K (735) Northport (1997); et al. ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported 39% 80 44% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.25 1.50 (468) 200 Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee River Wenatchee — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.15 (411) Site 12 values were taken from Gale were taken values ions; —, all information required for calculation is not available] ow Lower Crab Creek Lower K (388) Vernita Bridge Vernita ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— 88% 800 85% 99%99%99% —58% — —58% — — — 100 53% 60078% 53% — — 94% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 90 2.70 2.20 (335) 800 700 Site 11 Site 14 -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 7,000 1,000 p 90,000 Yakima River Yakima 200,000 1,000,000 (Karickhoff, 1981); except where noted otherwise, 1981); except (Karickhoff, ow (289) K Umatilla = 0.411 oc K —— —— grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations indicate the percen (141) Site 09 Site 10 -15 Warrendale 10,000 98% — — values of the individual congeners quantiﬁed. of the individual values a d d ow

oc . (1992) (value for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachloro congener was used to approximate value for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro congener). for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro used to approximate value congener was for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachloro . (1992) (value K

Log K et al -dioxins:

p . Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo- values from Mackay values values were estimated using the approximation values Total TetraTotal PentaTotal 6.4 HexaTotal 6.9 400 80% HeptaTotal — — 7.6 — — TetraTotal 7.6 — — — — PentaTotal — — 5.7 — — 500 6.1 44% — HexaTotal — 100 66% 200 51% HeptaTotal 6.6 — — 6.8 — — — — — — — — , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon estimated from the average ow oc 2,3,7,8-Tetra 6.4 — — —2,3,7,8-Tetra — 5.7 100 44% 50 51% 1,2,3,7,8-Penta1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.91,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 7.61,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.6 — 7.6 —Octa — 7.6 — — — — — —2,3,4,7,8-Penta — — 7.8 — 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.11,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa —2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa 6.6 — 6.6 —1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 6.6 —1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 6.6 — — — — 7.0 — Octa — — 6.5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.2 — — — — — — — — — 1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.1 — — — — oc Value from high-flow deployment period. deployment from high-flow Value K K from sites 3 and 4. Approximation based on values a b c d K Polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 Polychlorinated dibenzo- Polychlorinated age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrat to one significant digit, in femtograms (10 Table 7 1997—Continued [ centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculat sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary

19 (102) Island Hayden 0.860.44 NQ ND 0.58 NQ 0.72 0.1 0.85 NQ 0.52 0.67 5.83.53.1 NQ 6.4 0.75 1.7 NQ ND 6.4 0.23 2.23.9 NQ 2.2 NQ 2.2 NQ NQ NQ 6.24.8 0.79 0.73 4.61.47.6 NQ 0.11 0.45 4. NQ 7.6. 0.62 0.74 (—) NDNDND ND ND ND ND ND NQ ND 26.41. 1.4 10. NQ NQ 32.14.70. NQ NQ 1.5 Creek 100. 2.7 Site 08 Site 07 Johnson [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [45] [49] [48] [32] [36] [45] [49] [47] [45] [63] [28] [11] [45] [16] [48] [44] [31] [52] [59] [39] [38] [56] [37] [34] [56] [20] [40] [32] [47] RD 0.99 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recov- 1.9 3.1 0.9 4.5 1.7 3.7 7.6 3.8 3.4 1.8 3.1 2.3 4.9 9.4 6.6 5.6 3.5 1.3 6.6 6. 5. ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ 22. 16. 11. 12. 10. 13. 13. -9 (101) Site 06 Willamette River Duplicates 0.49 0.73 1.2 5.1 9.8 6.9 1.3 7.1 2.8 7.3 4.5 4.9 2.7 8.3 9.7 5.1 1.4 8.1 6. 2. 2. ND ND ND ND NQ 12. 36. 25. 15. 22. 14. 10. 15. 18. 21. ormation required for calculation is not available; shaded columns indi- ormation required for calculation is not available; d in nanograms (10 0.43 0.85 0.66 1.9 6.6 1.5 2.9 2.1 4.9 1.5 3.1 1.3 2.6 1.2 3.6 9.7 6.9 8.4 5.6 2.1 5.2 7.3 5. 6. 8. 2. 9. (87) ND ND ND NQ NQ 20. 17. 11. 11. Lake River Site 05 ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] a (82) City Columbia (69) Longview Duplicates RD (54) Terminal Beaver Army (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1997 6 ND ND ND NQ [—] ND 292625 ND53 0.8651 NQ ND45 1.346 ND 1.1 ND 0.76 1.5 NQ ND 0.9548 ND ND 0.544 1.7 1.1 1.3 2. [—] 1.1 0.86 [13] [—] 0.88 ND 67 1.8 2.8 2.6 0.95 1.4 63 1. NQ 1.6 [26] 1.9 5.6 0.71 [10] 0.24 1.9 2.9 [29] 0.33 [5] 1.3 6.8 0.43 1.2 2.4 0.54 2.7 7.8 0.55 [23] 0.67 [14] 0.62 4.1 0.46 11. [12] [37] 0.75 0.46 43 ND 0.5 ND ND [—] ND 28 2.4 4.7 5.64164 6.1 [9] 1.2 1.6 7.2 2.5 3.0 4.3 4.0 4.5 4.6 [5] [14] 5.1 6. 1918 ND 2.0 0.96 3.8 0.8222 3.4 1.452 3.9 [52] 0.7747 [14] 1.8 5.6 0.8742 4.9 2.6 10. 1.640 1.8 5.3 13. 1.37466 0.76 [21]95 4.0 15. 7.0 1.4 1.2 1.1 5.2 [14] 6.7 3.2 3.4 3.1 2.3 19. 5.3 [4] 6.6 5.7 4.0 2.0 8.4 [2] 8.9 [14] 6.7 4.1 6.5 8.6 2.8 7.7 [2] [3] [14] 4.9 10. 13. 49 4.0 7.1 10. 11. [10] 13. 31 NQ 2.2 2.7 3.3 [20] 3.4

Ortho 7 & 95 & 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ [—] [—] ND NQ 4 & 10 ND ND ND ND [—] ND 16 & 32 1.3 2.4 3.1 3.5 [12] 3.5 17 & 1524 & 27 1.7 0.3520 & 33 2.8 0.56 3.2 0.84 NQ 3.2 0.86 NQ [2] [<1] NQ 3.5 0.73 NQ [—]70 & 76 NQ 2.6 5.2 6.6 7.2 [9] 9.5 . Congener No. Bradwood Table 8 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all inf eries and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative in brackets, shown sites; RD value, cate tributary

20 (102) Island Hayden ued 3.9 0.39 4.54.2 NQ 0.19 2.43.4 0.22 2.8 ND 4.9 ND 0.12 8.65.81.2 NQ 1.9 NQ ND 4.81.7 ND 2.1 NQ ND ND 7. 0.52 (—) NDND ND ND ND ND NQ ND 14.15.24. 0.5 67.21. 0.46 1.4 1.8 20. 0.79 25.44. 0.45 NQ 13.10. NQ NQ 32. 0.44 23. NQ NQ 18.25.10. ND NQ NQ 31. ND Creek Johnson [4] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [33] [38] [39] [56] [44] [14] [54] [27] [29] [60] [34] [50] [44] [38] [20] [76] [30] [33] [13] [77] [34] [42] [54] [91] [16] [22] RD [133] 0.92 0.44 0.63 0.65 0.48 0.78 0.23 0.22 0.36 0.23 0.24 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recov- 4.3 2.7 7.3 8.1 5.2 5.3 0.7 9.2 1.5 2.5 1.9 6.5 5.5 1.4 7.7 1.2 1.2 4. ND ND NQ NQ NQ 14. -9 (101) Willamette River Duplicates 0.54 0.13 0.96 0.27 5.9 9.3 1.6 6.8 7.1 1.3 2.5 3.9 2.8 1.4 8.8 7.7 1.6 7.4 2.7 1.7 1.2 0.4 7.2 0.3 6. 4. ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ 13. 22. 13. ormation required for calculation is not available; shaded columns indi- ormation required for calculation is not available; d in nanograms (10 0.89 0.68 0.63 0.61 0.48 0.22 0.25 0.22 2.6 4.2 4.7 9.3 4.6 3.6 2.4 3.7 1.2 0.6 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.3 (87) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ Lake River ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] a (82) City Columbia (69) Longview Duplicates RD (54) Terminal Beaver Army (39) -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Contin 92 0.7397 1.8 1.0 1.2 1.9 1.4 2.4 [15] 2.8 2.0 [18] 4. 91 0.75 1.4 2.0 2.7 [30] 3.8 8499 2.287 1.8 1.782 3.5 1.1 5.2 NQ 4.1 2.0 5.4 0.35 4.0 2.8 [4] 0.57 [2] 2.8 8.1 5.3 2.5 [<1] [126] 5.2 2.9 83 0.23 0.46 0.57 0.87 [42] 1.2 151 0.58 0.89 1.2 1.2 [<1] 2.7 101119 3.3136 ND 6.0 ND147 0.77 7.4 ND118 0.91134 7.6 NQ ND 1.8 [3] NQ 0.15 NQ132 [—] 1.3105 13. 141 1.8 0.18 ND NQ [32] 1.5 1.2 NQ 2.7 2.3 NQ 0.15158 [148] 2.1 NQ 3.6 NQ NQ 1.4 4.4 [29] [—] 1.1 0.13 0.48 6.3 1.9 0.11 NQ 2.6 0.54 [79] [81] [12] 0.27 5.9 2.6 1.2 NQ [—] 0.26 146 0.33130 0.2 0.48 ND 0.49 ND [2] NQ 1.1 ND [—] ND 110107 2.2 3.9114 NQ153 5.3 0.17 ND 5.4179 0.22 ND137 ND176 [2] 0.27138 ND NQ NQ 9.5 NQ129 [20] NQ178 ND ND NQ ND 0.74 NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ 0.28 NQ NQ ND 0.11 NQ [—] 0.68 NQ NQ ND ND NQ [83] 0.15 NQ [—] 5.8 [—] 1. ND NQ ND [—] ND [—] 10. [—] 0.19 0.3 Ortho . 056 & 60 0.96 1.9 2.6 2.9 [11] 3.3 131 & 122 ND NQ ND ND [—] ND 123 & 149 1.4 2.2 3. 2.9 [3] 6.5 Congener No. Bradwood 135 & 144 124 NQ NQ 0.81 1.5 [60] 2.3 Table 8 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all inf eries and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative in brackets, shown sites; RD value, cate tributary

21 (102) Island Hayden ued 0.250.780.51 ND ND ND 0.370.43 ND 0.19 ND ND 0.180.67 ND ND 9.74.95.1 ND NQ 8.6 NQ 4.92.81.8 NQ NQ NQ ND 6.6 NQ 8.82.11.9 0.51 NQ NQ 1.40.2 ND ND 2.1. NQ ND 1. ND (—) ND ND NDND ND ND NQ ND NQ ND 890. 19. Creek Johnson [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [33] [72] [31] [44] [50] [80] [86] [51] [95] [31] [25] [41] RD 0.79 0.34 0.11 0.96 0.47 0.83 0.39 0.25 0.24 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recov- 0.6 1.1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ -9 290. (101) Willamette River Duplicates 0.72 0.72 0.15 0.78 0.44 0.13 0.57 0.14 0.34 0.31 0.15 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ 440. ormation required for calculation is not available; shaded columns indi- ormation required for calculation is not available; d in nanograms (10 0.26 0.26 0.16 0.12 0.7 (87) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ Lake 220. River ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] a (82) City Columbia (69) Longview Duplicates RD (54) Terminal Beaver Army (39) -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Contin 185174 ND 0.22 NQ197 0.3 NQ 0.37 ND NQ 0.43 ND [—] [15] NQ ND 1.1 ND [—] ND 201157172 ND ND ND200 ND ND199 ND ND ND ND ND207 NQ ND ND ND ND NQ [—] NQ ND [—] [—] ND ND 0.11 ND 0.15 0.19 NQ [—] ND NQ [—] ND 0.24 [—] ND 180 NQ NQ ND209 NQ [—] ND NQ ND ND ND [—] ND 191 ND ND194 ND ND ND ND [—] ND NQ ND [—] 0.13 183128167177 0.13 0.26 NQ156173 0.13 0.36 0.22 0.39 0.25 NQ 0.18 ND 0.3 0.43193 0.16 0.49 0.25 ND 0.65 0.47 [44] [93]198 0.32 ND [41] ND 0.61 0.24 0.95 189 0.24 0.66 ND [65] ND ND [29]205 0.6 ND ND206 ND [—] 0.48 ND ND ND 0.13 ND ND [—] ND ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND [—] ND ND ND [—] [—] 0.11 ND Ortho . 171 & 202 ND NQ 0.32196 & 203 0.69 [73] NQ 1.1 NQ NQ NQ [—] 0.24 182 & 187 ND ND ND ND [—] ND 170 & 190 ND208 & 195 ND ND NQ ND ND ND [—] ND 0.29 [—] NQ -substituted PCBs 63. 120. 160. 190. [17] 260. Congener No. Bradwood Sum of quantiﬁed

22 ued (735) Northport Duplicates RD grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recov- 7.11.3 ND4.5 ND1.9 NQ ND6.7 0.55 0.2 [—] [—] 0.26 ND7.2 ND2.4 [—] ND8.5 ND4.4 [—] NQ [—] 2.6 NQ 1.6 ND 1. ND 1.3 [—] 0.32 [—] ND [—] [—] 2.5 [—] 2.3 ND ND 0.62 0.34 [—] [—] 9. ND 1.1 [—] NDNDND ND ND ND ND ND ND [—] [—] [—] 56.30.38. ND NQ12. ND35. 2.256. 1.7 NQ45. 1.8 [—] ND [—] ND25. 0.56 ND [—] NQ42. [—] 3. NQ NQ35. [—] 16. ND [—] 19. [—] 0.5234. ND28. NQ17. [—] 8.6 NQ18. ND 6. ND 3.8 [—] NQ 1.7 ND20. 4.8 [—] 35. 3. [—] 2.6 [—] 2.2 [—] NQ NQ [—] [—] [—] 2.9 4.1 [—] [—] -9 (468) River Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee 0.11 0.16 5. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ (411) Creek Site 12 ormation required for calculation is not available; shaded columns indi- ormation required for calculation is not available; Lower Crab Lower d in nanograms (10 (388) Bridge Vernita [7] 14. [6] 4.5 [8] 9.7 [—][—][—] ND [—] ND [—] ND [—] ND ND [—] 3.6 [—][—] 0.26 1.3 [—] ND [—] NQ [—][—] 3.2 [—] 7.5 [—] 2.1 1.1 [—] 0.18 [—] 1.5 [—] 3.1 NQ [—][—] 11. [—][—] 7.7 2. [—] 4.2 [—] 0.8 6.8 ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] [12] 2.4 [64] 1. [12] 2.2 [56] 3.4 [48][81] 1.3 1.1 [<1] 8.2 a RD 0.88 0.15 0.55 0.73 0.11 4.6 1.3 1.7 1.4 2.7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ (335) Site 11 Site 14 Yakima River Yakima Duplicates 0.78 0.29 0.62 0.86 0.26 4.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 2.3 1.4 0.6 1.9 0.9 2.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ b 0.12 0.69 0.55 0.77 0.39 0.98 0.41 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ (324) Site 13 Snake River (289) Umatilla (141) Site 09 Site 10 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Contin 6NDND 1918 ND26 3.31 NQ NQ 0.855122 3.1 0.28 4652 NQ 0.1849 1.9 ND 0.28 11. 0.54 6. 0.18 3.3 63 1.8 74 1. 2.3 0.61 0.77 67 2.7 0.26 292528 ND53 NQ ND 45 5.2 ND NQ43 1.8 47 1.3 ND 484442 ND 0.38 4164 3.640 2.9 ND 5.9 1.6 1.1 2.3 0.79 3.2 NQ 1.6 0.79 0.65 NQ 0.58 Ortho 7 & 95 & 8 ND ND ND ND 4 & 10 ND ND . 16 & 32 2. NQ 17 & 1524 & 27 1.7 0.1720 & 33 0.59 NQ 2.8 NQ 70 & 76 6.1 1.9 Congener No. Warrendale Table 8 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all inf eries and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative in brackets, shown sites; RD value, cate tributary

23 ued (735) Northport Duplicates RD 0.96 NQ 0.380.180.35 [—] ND ND0.11 0.15 0.15 0.16 [—] [—] 0.28 [60] 0.15 NQ 0.21 [—] grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recov- 3.2 NQ3.6 1.35.9 0.713.7 [—] 5.1 0.35 2.81.6 NQ NQ [119] 2.3 ND 2. [147] 3.73.4 0.69 [—] [—] ND [—] 4.9 1.91.1 1.4 [—] ND 2.3 NQ [49] [—] 2.9. 0.3 NQ 1. 2.5 [108] [—] 1. NQ 2.7 [—] ND ND ND [—] NDNDND NQ NQ ND NQND NDND NDND [—] NQND [—] NQND [—] ND 0.31 ND NQ ND ND [—] NQ [—] [—] 0.12 [—] [—] NQNQ 0.21NQ ND 0.94 ND [127] 1. 0.66NQ [—] [—] NQNQNQ 0.56 ND ND [—] 0.52 NQ [—] [—] 47.10.18. ND NQ13. NQ 5.2 5.3 NQ 1.5 [—] [—] 5.5 [—] [—] -9 (468) River Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee 2. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ (411) Creek Site 12 ormation required for calculation is not available; shaded columns indi- ormation required for calculation is not available; Lower Crab Lower d in nanograms (10 (388) Bridge Vernita [3] 8.2 [5] 1.6 [5] NQ [—] 12. [—][—] ND 1. [—][—] 1.6 0.47 [—][—][—] 2.2 [—] 0.32 NQ [—] ND ND [—][—] NQ [—] NQ [—] ND [—] ND NQ ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] [19][29][23] 0.4 [19] 3.5 [46] 5. 18. [26] 12. 1.2 [34][11] 2. 3.1 [43][11] NQ [44] 0.42 0.21 [68][21] 2.2 NQ [42] NQ [24] 0.26 [<1] 0.59 [<1] 0.24 a [151] 5.4 RD 0.83 0.74 0.13 0.47 0.21 0.79 0.59 3.5 1.9 6.7 1.1 3.2 2.7 1.9 6.7 1.2 9.3 3.7 3. 4. 3. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ 17. (335) Site 11 Site 14 Yakima River Yakima Duplicates 0.55 0.18 0.94 0.78 0.73 0.33 0.83 0.34 3.4 2.4 4.2 2.3 1.9 4.2 2.3 1.2 4.6 3.7 0.9 2.9 0.1 1. 3. 6. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ 14. b 0.68 0.44 0.72 0.54 0.38 0.94 0.21 0.27 2.7 2.4 1.3 1.3 1.9 2. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ (324) Site 13 Snake River (289) Umatilla (141) Site 09 Site 10 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Contin 8782 2.4 2.8 0.73 ND 66 5.3 1.6 84 8.2 2.9 959192 6.499 ND 0.77 2.4 97 0.63 1.2 0.63 2.5 1.2 0.67 83 0.55 ND 101 7.7 2.3 118 3.4 NQ 107114 0.3 ND ND ND 129 ND NQ 146132 0.39137 2.2 NQ 130138158 0.89 ND ND NQ NQ 0.21 ND ND NQ 110147 3.7 1.3 1.7153 NQ 179 NQ176 ND 0.93 ND 0.36 ND Ortho 119136 ND151 ND 0.69 0.97 0.92 134 NQ ND105141 ND 2. NQ NQ NQ . 56 & 60 2. 0.55 123 & 149 2.5 0.92 131 & 122 ND ND Congener No. Warrendale 135 & 144 124 1.7 0.8 Table 8 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all inf eries and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative in brackets, shown sites; RD value, cate tributary

24 ued (735) Northport Duplicates RD 0.35 NQ 0.3 [—] grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recov- NDNDND ND NDND NQ NQ ND ND NDND [—] ND [—] NQND [—] ND NDND NDND [—] NDND ND NDND ND NDND ND NDND NDND [—] 0.15 ND ND [—] ND NQND [—] ND ND [—] ND ND NDND [—] NDND [—] NDND [—] 0.29 ND NDND [—] NDND [—] ND NQ [—] ND ND NQ [—] ND ND ND ND [—] ND ND [—] NQ [—] ND [—] ND [—] [—] [—] [—] NQNQNQ NDNQNQ NQ ND 0.28 ND NQ 0.41 [—] 0.23 NQ NQ [—] [—] [—] [—] NQ NQ 0.13 [—] -9 (468) 750. 3.3 100. [187] River Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee 7.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ (411) Creek Site 12 ormation required for calculation is not available; shaded columns indi- ormation required for calculation is not available; ical results are presented for informational purposes only. Lower Crab Lower d in nanograms (10 100 ⋅ (388) - Bridge 2 Vernita ⁄ 2 2 V V [3] ND [5] NQ [2][6] ND NQ [8][6] ND ND [7] 190. – [—] ND [—][—][—] 0.21 [—] ND ND [—] ND [—] ND [—] ND ND [—] ND [—] NQ [—][—] ND [—][—] ND ND ND ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] [39] NQ [14][91] ND [26][17] 0.33 ND [21] 0.23 NQ [11][12] ND ND [10] ND [15] NQ a 1 + RD 1 V V ------() = 0.64 0.97 0.68 0.85 0.43 0.84 0.63 0.64 0.36 0.63 0.52 0.48 0.32 0.22 0.13 0.16 0.3 98. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ (335) RD Site 11 Site 14 Yakima River Yakima Duplicates 0.43 0.84 0.66 0.32 0.33 0.66 0.52 0.27 0.71 0.47 0.49 0.19 0.12 0.17 0.3 1. 91. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ b 0.11 0.18 0.34 20. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ (324) Site 13 Snake River , is calculated as 2 V and 1 V (289) Umatilla (141) Site 09 Site 10 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Contin 167 0.39 0.24 183128174 0.13 0.36 NQ NQ 201 0.32157172197 0.26 180 ND193 ND191 ND200 ND ND 198 0.66 ND ND199 ND ND ND ND ND 189 ND ND207 ND NQ194 ND 205 ND206 ND 209 NQ ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ ND ND ND 185177156 NQ173 0.21 ND 0.24 ND NQ NQ ND Ortho 178 ND NQ . 182 & 187 ND ND 170 & 190 ND208 & 195 ND ND ND 171 & 202 0.52 NQ 196 & 203 NQ NQ -substituted PCBs 140. 36. Congener No. Warrendale Sum of quantiﬁed

ortho Table 8 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below eries and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, all inf eries and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative in brackets, shown sites; RD value, cate tributary SPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analyt to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River at the Snake SPMD’s Percent relative difference between two values, between two difference Percent relative a b

25 Table 9. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded columns indicate tributary site; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Beaver Army Congener No. Terminal Willamette River Warrendale (54) (101) (141) Site 02 Site 06 Site 09 4 & 10 0.23 0.32 NQ 7 & 9 NQ ND ND 6NQND NQ 5 & 8 ND ND NQ 19 0.08 0.1 0.17 18 NQ ND ND 17 & 15 ND ND ND 24 & 27 NQ 0.8 ND 16 & 32 NQ ND ND 29 ND 0.11 ND 26 ND ND ND 25 ND NQ ND 31 0.3 NQ NQ 28 NQ NQ ND 20 & 33 NQ NQ NQ 53 NQ NQ ND 51 0.09 0.34 ND 22 0.17 0.21 NQ 45 0.18 0.11 ND 46 0.09 0.11 ND 52 NQ NQ ND 43 0.08 0.46 0.06 49 0.83 0.45 0.13 47 NQ ND ND 48 0.34 0.33 NQ 44 0.82 NQ ND 42 NQ ND ND 41 NQ NQ ND 64 0.35 NQ ND 40 0.3 NQ NQ 67 0.03 0.11 ND 63 0.09 0.69 NQ 74 0.48 ND ND 70 & 76 NQ ND ND 66 NQ NQ NQ 95 0.39 0.4 NQ 91 0.23 0.67 NQ 56 & 60 0.39 NQ NQ 92 NQ 0.32 NQ

26 Table 9. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded columns indicate tributary site; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Beaver Army Congener No. Terminal Willamette River Warrendale (54) (101) (141) Site 02 Site 06 Site 09 84 NQ NQ NQ 101 NQ NQ NQ 99 NQ 2.4 NQ 119 NQ 0.11 0.06 83 0.06 0.34 0.02 97 NQ NQ NQ 87 NQ NQ NQ 136 NQ 0.31 NQ 110 NQ NQ NQ 82 0.16 NQ NQ 151 NQ 0.34 NQ 135 & 144 & 124 NQ 0.28 NQ 147 ND NQ ND 107 NQ NQ NQ 123 & 149 NQ NQ NQ 118 NQ NQ ND 134 NQ 0.14 NQ 114 0.06 0.35 0.05 131 & 122 0.12 1.1 NQ 146 NQ NQ ND 153 NQ NQ ND 132 NQ 0.84 NQ 105 NQ ND ND 141 NQ 0.23 ND 179 0.06 0.11 NQ 137 NQ NQ NQ 176 NQ 0.11 NQ 130 0.05 0.11 0.04 138 NQ NQ ND 158 NQ NQ ND 129 NQ 0.1 NQ 178 0.04 0.04 NQ 182 & 187 NQ NQ ND 183 NQ 0.23 ND 128 NQ NQ NQ 167 0.07 0.11 0.02 185 ND 0.11 ND 174 NQ 0.32 ND 177 0.15 0.22 NQ

27 Table 9. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary site; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Beaver Army Congener No. Terminal Willamette River Warrendale (54) (101) (141) Site 02 Site 06 Site 09 171 & 202 0.07 0.31 ND 156 0.05 0.08 NQ 173 ND 0.01 0.01 201 ND 0.02 0.04 157 ND 0.05 0.03 172 NQ NQ NQ 197 ND ND ND 180 NQ ND ND 193 ND ND ND 191 ND 0.11 NQ 200 ND NQ NQ 170 & 190 ND ND ND 198 ND ND ND 199 NQ 0.18 NQ 196 & 203 0.06 0.34 0.01 189 ND NQ 0.1 208 & 195 ND NQ 0.53 207 ND ND NQ 194 NQ 0.13 NQ 205 ND 0.03 0.05 206 ND ND ND 209 ND NQ ND Sum of quantified ortho-substituted PCBs 6.4 15. 1.3 the next downstream site (Hayden Island and Umatilla, tuted PCBs. However, elevated concentrations in respectively). Within the main stem, concentrations SPMDs from Johnson Creek were much less pro- were highest in SPMDs from the Columbia City site, nounced for non-ortho than for ortho-substituted PCB, just downstream of the Portland-Vancouver urban area, and SPMDs from the Wenatchee River site had consid- but decreased in SPMDs from more downstream sites. erably elevated concentrations of congeners 37 and 77 For most sites sampled, the tetra- and pentachlo- relative to other sites. In contrast to SPMDs, the highest robiphenyls accounted for the majority of the sediment concentrations of non-ortho-substituted PCBs ortho-substituted PCB mass quantified in SPMDs (table 11) were from the Beaver Army Terminal site. (table 8). However, SPMDs from Johnson Creek and Estimated dissolved and total concentrations in the Yakima River also were relatively abundant in river water.—PCBs were estimated to be present in the hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorobiphenyls, and those from dissolved phase at femtogram- or picogram-per-liter lev- the Wenatchee River had relatively high concentrations els (tables 12 and 13). The highest dissolved concen- of trichlorobiphenyls. trations of PCBs were estimated for tributary sites in the In general, the site-to-site pattern of Portland-Vancouver urban area—Johnson Creek, Wil- non-ortho-substituted PCB concentrations in SPMDs lamette River and Lake River—and the Wenatchee River (table 10) was similar to that observed for ortho-substi- site (figures 6 and 7). Within the main stem, patterns of

28 (102) Island Hayden 0.850.71 NQ 0.025 (—) 0.024 0.084 ND 0.004 ND ND (735) Creek Site 08 Site 07 Johnson Northport Duplicates RD [—] [39] [25] [23] [21] RD tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative 0.88 0.53 7.111.53 ND 0.016 0.29 0.18 [—] [167] ND grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries 0.021 0.017 ND ND ND [—] NQ ND NQ [—] (468) 0.072 ND NQ [—] -9 River (101) Site 15 Site 16 Site 06 Wenatchee Willamette River Duplicates 0.67 1.3 ND 0.027 0.021 ND ND ND ND NQ (411) Creek Site 12 ical results are presented for informational purposes only. Lower Crab Lower d in nanograms (10 100 ⋅ - 2 0.47 0.24 ⁄ (87) ND NQ NQ 2 Site 05 (388) Bridge Vernita 2 Lake River V V – 1 + 1 V [8] 0.22 [—][—] 0.61 0.009 [—][—] NQ NQ V RD ------() (82) City Columbia = RD NQ NQ NQ 0.077 0.016 (335) Site 11 Site 14 Yakima River Yakima Duplicates NQ NQ NQ NQ 0.083 (69) Longview Duplicates RD ND ND ND ND (324) 0.022 Snake Riverb Site 13 , is calculated as 2 V and 1 V (54) ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] (289) a Terminal Umatilla Beaver Army (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1997

ortho 37 0.30 0.52 0.48 0.53 [10] 0.79 81 77126169 NQ 0.12 NQ ND NQ 0.23 NQ ND 0.015 0.33 0.013 NQ NQ [14] 0.29 NQ 0.018 NQ [13] [—] 0.44 [—] 0.017 NQ 37 0.27 NQ 81126 NQ NQ NQ ND 77 0.11 0.036 169 NQ ND . Non- Congener No. Bradwood SPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analyt to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River at the Snake SPMD’s Percent relative difference between two values, between two difference Percent relative a b Table 10 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicate difference between duplicate pairs, in percent difference

29 Table 11. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary site; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Beaver Army Congener No. Terminal Willamette River Warrendale (54) (101) (141) Site 02 Site 06 Site 09 37 0.030 0.008 NQ 81 0.003 ND ND 77 0.065 0.020 0.008 126 0.003 NQ ND 169 ND ND ND dissolved concentration estimates were very similar to 1970s. However, because of their stability, these com- those observed for SPMD concentrations. pounds are still frequently observed in the environment. Estimates of total (sorbed plus dissolved) During the 1997 low-flow deployment, p,p’-DDE concentrations of PCBs (tables 14-15) varied consider- and p,p’-DDD—both metabolites of p,p’-DDT—were ably more among sites than estimates of dissolved the predominant OC pesticide compounds detected in concentrations (tables 12-13). For a particular PCB SPMDs (table 16). Overall, spatial patterns of OC Pesti- congener, equation 5 shows that such differences result cides deployed in the Columbia River main stem were directly from differences in available organic carbon similar to patterns of PCBs. Moderate levels of OC pes- among sites. However, considering the sum of PCB ticides were measured in SPMDs from the Vernita, War- congeners, site-to-site differences in total concen- rendale, Columbia City, and Longview sites, but levels trations are governed largely by the Koc values of the were lower in SPMDs from intermediate sites and those individual congeners that predominate at each site. from more downstream sites. Only very low levels of OC pesticides were measured in streambed sediment from At most sites, considering the sums of individual the three sites that were sampled (table 17). congeners, estimates of total PCB concentrations were approximately 100 to 200 percent greater than dis- The Yakima River drains land that has been in solved concentration estimates. However, at the agricultural use for several decades, and concentrations Johnson Creek and Yakima River sites, because of the of OC pesticides in SPMDs from the Yakima River site predominance of the very hydrophobic hexa-, hepta-, were high compared to those from other sites. In partic- and octachloro congeners, the sums of total concen- ular, the concentration of p,p’-DDE measured in SPMDs trations were 300 to 500 percent greater than the sums from the Yakima site was considerably higher than from of dissolved concentrations. In contrast, at the any other site measured. At other tributary sites, moder- Wenatchee River site, the sum of total concentrations ate levels of OC pesticides were measured in SPMDs was only about 50 percent greater than the sum of dis- deployed in the urban area (Johnson Creek and the solved concentrations. The relatively small proportion Willamette River) and in the Snake and Wenatchee of sorbed PCB mass at the Wenatchee River site was Rivers, both located in the agricultural area of Eastern due partly to the low concentrations of organic carbon Washington. available compared to other sites, but a more important In contrast, OC pesticide levels measured in factor was the predominance of trichlorobiphenyls, SPMDs deployed in Lower Crab Creek were quite low; which have relatively low Koc values. Gruber and Munn (1996) analyzed streambed sediment from the same site on Lower Crab Creek and detected no OC pesticides. Although Lower Crab Creek drains an Organochlorine Pesticides agricultural area, it is possible that historical use of this class of pesticides was limited in this particular drainage In the United States, the use of many OC pesti- and residues have already been flushed from the system. cides was either banned or severely restricted in the However, our 1997 deployment period was late in the

30 (735) Northport —— 1060 — 30 — — 4010 — 30 — 30 — 10 — 60 — — 807040 — 10 — 10 — 90 — — 50 — 20 — — 300 — 100200 — — 100 — 200200 — 200 — 100100 — — — 300 — (468) Site 15 Site 16 e River Wenatche 0.5 0.7 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 30 Crab (411) Creek Lower Site 12 (388) to calculate dissolved concentrations are sum- Bridge Vernita 15 310 740 620 940 640 39 46 16 430 63 —— —— —20 —— —10 —30 —6 —1 —5 —20 —— —20 —60 20 60 10 30 10 4 20 40 (335) River Site 11 Site 14 Yakima (289) Umatilla rted for individually quantified congeners, to one significant digit, in pico- rted for individually —, all information required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for —, all information required for calculation is not available; (141) Warrendale (102) Island Hayden 4—— — 814 1 48— 5 0.6 1 5— 2 1 1 — 8335 3 0.6 10 1 ——— — ——— — ——— — 30 —2020 2020 — —10 — — 10 20 — — — 6 9 — 2040 2 330 63040 10 320 20 3 — 4 7 — 6 30 10 1080 7 3 2 3 90 — — 10 2 3 30 3 — 8 4 500100 10 7 50200 30 10 — 20 9 — 300 7 30 10 (—) Creek Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Johnson 8 8 4 — — 50 50 10 20 40 40 30 10 20 20 60 70 80 60 40 40 20 40 40 200 100 100 100 Wil- (101) River Site 06 lamette 3 7 9 8 9 3 — — 20 40 10 10 20 30 20 10 90 90 40 30 40 30 40 20 20 60 30 20 (87) Lake River Site 05 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 (82) City ortho Columbia (69) Longview (54) Army Beaver Terminal (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used 6———— . Estimated dissolved concentrations of 1825———— 31 10514368 20 —224485 2046—668 952 30 1049 30487102030 10 20 50646102020 40 6040671234 50 90 632342 746102020 70 66 391 5 20 10 5 40 10 50 9 50 10 20 264677 288202020 5345 643 6 —47 10 5 —44428202030 20 10416102020 6 2 10 20 10 — 20 30 — 30 30 95 40 20 30 30 60 19 — 9 8 20 -12 Congener No. grams (10 Table 12 Table concentrations are repo mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below marized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was marized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary general chemical structures of congeners]

31 (735) Northport 6— 2— 0.7 0.9 8— 1— —— —1 —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— 106060 2 20 — — 5 4020 2 30 — 10 — — 20 — (468) Site 15 Site 16 e River Wenatche — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10 Crab (411) Creek Lower Site 12 (388) to calculate dissolved concentrations are sum- Bridge Vernita 16 630 410 21 71 5— 3— 0.84— — 8— —— —9 —3 —2 —— —— —— —— —— 109020 30 10 100 60 8 1010 20 10 3 10 3010 — — 20 2 (335) River Site 11 Site 14 Yakima (289) Umatilla rted for individually quantified congeners, to one significant digit, in pico- rted for individually —, all information required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for —, all information required for calculation is not available; (141) Warrendale (102) Island Hayden ——— — ——— — ——— — 80 230 4 —20 3 50 3 17020 3 — 4 —20 — 2030 5 5 — 2 — 70 0.7 — —50 — 70 — 210 — — — 1010 — — — 1040 — — —10 — 20 — 4 —50 — — — 2 — — — — — 1 — — — 200300100 9 8 5100 50100 30 8 3 20 200 — 10 20 7 — 10100 20 4 4 — 6 100——— 20 — 200——— (—) Creek Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Johnson 9 7 8 0.8 9 3 8 2 3 7 — — — — — 20 80 60 40 40 60 20 20 50 20 10 20 40 100 Wil- (101) River Site 06 lamette 5 4 3 8 3 1 1 9 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 30 40 30 20 10 20 10 (87) Lake River Site 05 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued (82) City ortho Columbia (69) Longview (54) Army Beaver Terminal (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used . Estimated dissolved concentrations of 8499 10 10876102030 10 20 3082 30 50 — 30 2 4 20 92 4 10 6 20 831337 976102030 -12 101119———— 20136 30 30151 4 60 134 5 3 10 5 — 10 — 6 10 0.9 0.6 110107 10 20 —146153———— 30105 0.9 50 179 2 1137———— —176 1130———— 4 —138 —158 3 — — 8 — 6 — 4 1 20 — 1 10 — — — 2 60 2 118—102040 114———— 141 — — 3 7 178183 — 1 — 1 — 2 3 6 129 — — 1 2 Congener No. grams (10 Table 12 concentrations are repo mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below marized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was marized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary general chemical structures of congeners]

32 (735) (735) Northport Northport 2— 0.49 — 0.09 —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— 30 — (468) (468) River 3,000 10 Site 15 Site 16 Site 15 Site 16 e River Wenatche Wenatchee — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 40 (411) Crab (411) Creek Lower Lower Site 12 Site 12 Crab Creek ons are summarized in table C3; shaded (388) (388) to calculate dissolved concentrations are sum- Bridge Bridge Vernita Vernita 4— 92 6— 6— 8— 5— 4— 0.5 1 —2 —— —— —— —3 ——— 0.05 —— 400 800 (335) (335) River sing equation (3) and are reported to one significant digit, River Site 11 Site 14 Site 11 Site 14 Yakima Yakima available; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of (289) (289) Umatilla Umatilla rted for individually quantified congeners, to one significant digit, in pico- rted for individually —, all information required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for —, all information required for calculation is not available; (141) (141) Warrendale Warrendale (102) (102) Island Island Hayden Hayden 5—— — 4— 1 — 0.14 —0.70.05 0.1 — — — 0.6 — — — 0.2 — — ——— — 308050 —20 —10 — 2 —20 3 —70 2 — 30 3 — — 2 — — 30 — — — — 7 — — — — — — — (—) (—) Creek Creek 4,000 80 600 100 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Johnson Johnson 7 7 5 3 5 3 6 0.2 4 0.2 — — — — 10 20 Wil- (101) (101) River River 2,000 Site 06 Site 06 lamette Willamette 2 2 2 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 900 (87) (87) Lake Lake River River Site 05 Site 05 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued ortho (82) City (82) City ortho Columbia Columbia (69) (69) Longview Longview (54) (54) Army Army Beaver Beaver Terminal Terminal (39) (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood Bradwood grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefﬁcients and sampling rates used in calculati -12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefﬁcients, sampling rates, and equations used . Estimated dissolved concentrations of non- . Estimated dissolved concentrations of -12 169———— 126 — — — 0.1 177156201———— 157———— 172 2 —180———— 199 3207———— 3 —194 4 — 3 — — 6 — — 5 — 2 4 — 4 3 128 2 2 1 6 174 2 3 3 10 81 — — 0.09 0.1 37 77 1 0.7 2 1 2 2 4 3 PCBs 300 500 700 1,000 -substituted Congener No. Congener No.

ortho Sum of quantified Table 13 Table [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); dissolved concentrations were calculated u in picograms (10 columns indicate tributary sites; the firstcongeners] sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not grams (10 Table 12 concentrations are repo mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below marized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was marized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary general chemical structures of congeners]

33 Wenatchee River

Columbia River

Lake River Yakima River

Lower Crab Creek

Columbia River EXPLANATION

Paciﬁc Ocean Paciﬁc Snake R Main stem Willamette River Johnson Creek Tributary

Figure 6. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-ﬂow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of concentrations reported in table 12; note that symbols in ﬁgures 6 and 7 are not based on the same concentration scale.)

Wenatchee River

Columbia River

Lake River Yakima River

Lower Crab Creek

Columbia River EXPLANATION

Pacific Ocean Pacific Main stem Johnson Creek Snake R Tributary Willamette River Site sampled; analytes either not detected or not quantified Figure 7. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low- flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of concentrations reported in table 13; note that symbols in figures 6 and 7 are not based on the same concentration scale.) irrigation season and it is possible that higher levels of concentration estimates for this compound, which was OC pesticides are carried into the stream during peri- particularly apparent at the Warrendale site. ods of more intense irrigation. The K values for the OC pesticides (table 19) Estimated dissolved and total concentrations oc cover a wide range. Considering the overall sum of in river water.—Estimates of the dissolved concen- OC pesticides, this resulted in considerable site-to-site trations of OC pesticides were generally at picogram-per-liter levels (table 18). The spatial pattern of variation in estimates of total (sorbed plus dissolved) dissolved concentrations of OC pesticides was gener- concentration, depending on which compounds pre- ally similar to the pattern of SPMD concentrations dominated at each site. For most compounds, total concentration estimates exceeded dissolved concentra- (fig. 8), but the wide range of KSPMD values for these compounds resulted in some important differences. For tion estimates by approximately 50 to 150 percent. However, for compounds with the highest K values, example, due to its high KSPMD value, the elevated con- oc centration of p,p’-DDE measured in SPMDs from the such as p,p’-DDE and o,p’-DDT, differences between Yakima River was less pronounced in the dissolved estimates of total and dissolved concentrations were concentration estimate. In contrast, the low KSPMD greater. This effect was particularly pronounced at the value for Lindane resulted in relatively high dissolved Yakima River site where high concentrations of the most

34 c (102) Hayden Island Hayden ——— ——— ——— 7% — — 12%26% —26% 2 — 26% 30% 24% —24% — — 22% — — 20% 1 — 20% — 29% 34% — — — — 35% 20 — 35% 40% 31% 1030% 40% 530% 9 40% 27% — 36% 40% 4 — 26% 5 35% 55% — 32% 53% — — 1 — 8 60% 58% indicate the percent of total con- (—) 1.85 2.30 4 6 7 6 Site 08 Site 07 — — — 40 10 20 30 30 10 10 40 60 50 40 60 30 20 700 200 200 Johnson Creek — — 8% 7% ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported 12% 26% 26% 26% 24% 24% 22% 20% 20% 34% 35% 35% 31% 30% 30% 27% 40% 26% 55% 53% 1.85 (101) 8 8 Site 06 — — 50 60 20 30 60 60 30 10 20 20 90 90 60 60 30 20 on required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for 300 200 100 100 Willamette River — — tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 13% 12% 18% 37% 37% 37% 37% 35% 35% 33% 30% 30% 47% 47% 47% 43% 42% 42% 38% 53% 37% 65% b (87) 3.10 3 Site 05 — — 20 40 20 20 30 40 30 10 10 10 10 80 50 60 50 60 40 10 10 Lake River 200 200 (82) Columbia City (69) Longview (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

ortho (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, Bradwood -12 Koca 6 —— —— —— 4.7—— 18 4.9 10 15% 20 14% 20 14% 30 14% 5 53———26 ——25 —— 5.3—— 28 5.35351 622 5.3 31%45 5.246 5.2 1052 9 5.2 32% 943 31% 5.1 6 29% 5.1 20 5 30%47 5.5 — 10 31% 27%48 8 5.4 — 30% —44 4 29% 40 30 —42 6 29% 5.5 41% — 10 31%41 27% 5.4 20 6 30% —64 5.4 20 28% 7 25% 80 940 40 5.4 10 41% 10 25% 40% 29%67 31% 5.3 20 37% 26% 4 2063 8 5.6 10 36% 35% 100 30 28% 10 8 24% 5.3 36% 40% 20 41% 8 7 29% 24% 5.8 10 30 37% 33% — 26% 10 5.8 47% 100 30 35% 5 40 10 24% — 40% 36% 3 31% 20 40% 20 24% 20 4 61% 40 36% 32% — 46% 59% 40 35% 50 7 35% 50 40% — 30 6 31% 30 60 36% 32% 7 60% 46% 50 35% 59% 10 35% 30 30% 7 40 32% 9 60% 46% 20 58% 30% 10 60% 6 58% 19 4.631 — — 5.3 10 — 9% —49 8 10 31% 9% 5.5 20 20 31% 9% 40 41% 20 31% 60 41% 90 40% 100 40% . Estimated total concentrations of Congener No. Log , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 oc K general chemical structures of congeners] age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMDcentration exposure that period is (organic sorbed; carbon shaded data columns are indicate given tributary in sites; table the D1); first total sample of concentrat each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all informati to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table 14 Table [

35 c (102) Hayden Island Hayden ——— ——— 55%55%51% 551% — 60% 63% 20 — 45% 56% 765% 7 56% 65% 20 68% 30 51% 58% 20 69% 60% 70% 60% —56% 8 — 70% — 65% 55% 3 — 77% — 61% 80% 8 — 81% — 60% 73% — — — — 86% — — 86% — 77% 683% — 88% 80% — — — — — — — indicate the percent of total con- (—) 1.85 2.30 Site 08 Site 07 — — 80 60 50 90 60 200 700 200 200 300 900 400 300 300 700 100 300 700 200 300 300 400 1,000 Johnson Creek — — — ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported 55% 55% 51% 51% 63% 45% 65% 65% 58% 60% 60% 56% 70% 55% 77% 80% 81% 73% 86% 77% 83% 80% 1.85 (101) 3 Site 06 — — — 80 80 60 20 90 20 40 90 40 60 80 60 80 on required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for 200 200 200 300 200 100 200 200 Willamette River — — — — — — tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 67% 67% 63% 63% 74% 58% 75% 76% 70% 71% 71% 68% 79% 67% 85% 87% 88% 91% 85% b (87) 3.10 9 Site 05 — — — — — — 70 90 40 20 70 10 80 40 10 90 20 20 20 60 Lake River 200 200 100 100 (82) Columbia City (69) Longview (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued

ortho (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, Bradwood -12 Koca 66959192 5.884 5.7 5.7 4099 6.0 40 61% 5.7 10 57% 10 57% 9097 6.0 30 69% 60 60%87 52% 20 57% 40 100 30 57% 5.9 71% 60% 20 68% 7082 5.9 51% 30 56% 20 100 80 20 56% 20 66% 60% 70% 100 70 68% 5.8 66% 56% 51% 60 40 90 50 56% — 30 65% 100 70% 68% 65% 51% — 100 40 70% 40 65% 6 65% 60% 70 80 65% 9 65% 60% 50 60% 74 5.8 20 61% 40 60% 50 60% 60 60% 83 5.9 4 64% 7 64% 9 63% 20 63% 101119 6.0 6.2 50136 70%110 — 90 —151 5.8 70%107 6.1118 — 10 100134 6.3 40 62% 69% —114 6.3 75% 6.4 20 200 10153 — 6.2 81% — 69% 80 62%105 6.3 — — 74% —141 — 20 20 —179 6.5 — 100 81% 61% — — 6.3 5 74% — 70 6.4 — — 83% 30 30 84% — 6.3 — 200 80% — 61% — — 74% — — 7 100 — — — 83% 70 84% — — 80% — 4 — — 200 — 20 77% — 84% — 83% — — — — 3 40 — 77% — 20 81% 20 86% — — 100 84% 81% 50 — 80 86% 84% 146 6.5 20 88% 10 88% 20 88% 50 88% . Estimated total concentrations of Congener No. Log , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 oc K general chemical structures of congeners] age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMDcentration exposure that period is (organic sorbed; carbon shaded data columns are indicate given tributary in sites; table the D1); first total sample of concentrat each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all informati to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table 14 Table [

36 c (102) 200 Hayden Island Hayden ——— ——— 84%83% —84% — 89% —80% — — 91% — — 92% — — 81% — — 91% — — 90% — — 92% — — 93% — — 92% — — 94% — — 95% — — 97% — — — — 98% — — — — — indicate the percent of total con- (—) 1.85 2.30 Site 08 Site 07 — — 60 80 70 70 300 200 600 200 900 500 200 200 400 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Johnson Creek 20,000 — — — — — ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported 84% 84% 89% 80% 91% 92% 81% 91% 90% 92% 94% 95% 97% 98% 1.85 (101) Site 06 — — — — — 20 70 10 30 90 40 70 60 50 on required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for 300 100 300 200 200 5,000 Willamette River — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 93% 88% 98% b (87) 3.10 Site 05 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 20 10 Lake River 100 2,000 (82) Columbia City (69) Longview (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued

ortho (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, Bradwood -12 Koca 176138158 6.4129178 6.4 —183 6.6 —128 6.3 —174 6.8 10 —177 — 6.8 91% —156 6.4 — — —201 — 6.7 20 — —157 6.7 10 94% —172 — — 9 6.8 30 84%180 — 84% 6.9 30 93% 20 —199 — 6.8 92% — 20 10 94% —207 6.9 — 91% — — 40 84% — 7 7.0 — 30 93% 40 — — — 84% 7.2 — 400 92% 20 94% — 7 40 7.4 — 86% — 91% 40 — 84% 94% — — 9 50 92% — 90 — — — 40 84% 92% — 94% — 40 50 — 100 93% — — 84% 93% — 92% — 70 — — — 92% — — 80 — — — 93% — — — — 70 — — 98% — — 90 — — 95% — 200 98% — — — 137 6.4 — — — — — — — — 130 6.4 — — — — — —194 — — 7.4 — — — — — — 200 98% . Estimated total concentrations of -substituted PCBs 700 1,000 2,000 4,000 Congener No. Log Sum of quantified , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 ortho oc K general chemical structures of congeners] age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMDcentration exposure that period is (organic sorbed; carbon shaded data columns are indicate given tributary in sites; table the D1); ﬁrst total sample of concentrat each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all informati to one signiﬁcant digit, in picograms (10 Table 14 Table [

37 indicate the percent of total con- (735) Northport ——— 5%8% — — — — ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported 19%19%19% —19% — — 18% — — 18% — — 16% — — 15% — — 15% — — 26% — — 22% — — 27% — — 27% — — 24% — — 22% — — 23% — — 20% — — 31% — — 19% — — 45% — — 43% — — 45% — — — — — — — 1.25 1.50 (468) River Site 15 Site 16 — 10 80 40 50 20 40 30 20 90 50 30 20 300 200 200 200 300 300 200 200 200 100 100 200 Wenatchee on required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 27% 49% 49% 5.15 (411) Lower 1 1 Site 12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 40 Crab Creek (388) Vernita Bridge Vernita ——— ——— ———— 20— 14% —— 20— 40 30% 30% 9— 1 27% — 28% 7——— 30 23% 23% — 30 45% 34% 7 29% 30% 1043% 26% 10044% 38% 44%40% 7038% 30 39% 39% 40 39% 35% 60 35% 50 34% 34% 10 34% 64% 31% 62% 864% 10 29% 10 59% 80 57% 59% 2.70 2.20 (335) 2 4 4 6 4 Site 11 Site 14 — — — — — — — — — — — — 30 10 10 20 10 10 30 10 Yakima River Yakima (289) Umatilla -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued

ortho (141) Site 09 Site 10 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, Warrendale -12 a

Log K 6 —— 4.7—— 25312853 5.351 5.322 5.3 —45 5.2 2046 — 5.2 20 22%52 5.2 22% —43 — 5.1 1 —49 — 5.1 10 21% — 847 — 5.5 19% 5 28% 48 — 5.4 2 17%44 — 5.5 70 17% — 342 5.5 30% — — 24% 41 2 5.4 4064 — 1 22% 5.4 20 30% 2040 22% 5.4 30 30% 36% 67 — 5.3 30 27% 1063 5.6 10 26% 37% — 674 5.3 10 26% 9 37% 5.8 20 23% — 33% 5.8 35% 9 5 — 5.8 30 22% 4 32% 10 49% — 29% 20 48% 3 — 49% 3 27% 7 57% 8 55% 57% 19 4.6 — — — — 1826 4.9 5.3 20 10% 5 22% — 2 — 27% . Estimated total concentrations of Congener No. , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 oc K general chemical structures of congeners] age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMDcentration exposure that period is (organic sorbed; carbon shaded data columns are indicate given tributary in sites; table the D1); first total sample of concentrat each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all informati to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table 14 Table [

38 indicate the percent of total con- (735) Northport ——— — 2——— 51% ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported 45%41%41% —53% — — 36% — — 55% 4 — 56% — 58% — — 48% 10 — 50% 60% 50% — 5 — 61% — 55% 45% — —72% — — 74% — 65% — — — 3 — 69% 70% — — 1.25 1.50 (468) River Site 15 Site 16 7 2 — — — — — — — — — 80 40 20 90 50 10 80 40 70 20 80 30 Wenatchee on required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for 500 100 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 84% 5.15 (411) Lower Site 12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 80 Crab Creek (388) Vernita Bridge Vernita — 200 59% ——— —— 20 60% 7 59% ———— 8——— 76% 60%60%71% 8055% 55% 673% 80 55% 20073% 67% 200 50% 68% 67% 2068% 69% 68% 20 100 62% 64% 77% 30 64% 83% 6085% 73% 86% 20 80% 6 80 82% 90% 83% 83% 1088% 88% 86% —88% — — — — — — — 2.70 2.20 (335) 3 Site 11 Site 14 — — — — — — — 40 20 40 70 60 20 10 60 60 10 70 40 80 20 200 100 200 Yakima River Yakima (289) Umatilla -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued

Log K 95919284 5.7 5.799 6.0 50 5.7 45% — 1097 — 6.0 90 58% 2087 40% 53% 8 20 9 5.9 60% 30 53% 65% 82 5.9 47% 30 20 30 55% 67% 5.8 55% 10 30 62% 9 49% 62% — — 66 5.8 50 49% 20 57% 83 5.9 7 53% — — 110107 6.1 50 6.3 65%146153 20 7105 71% 76% 6.5179 6.5 —137 6.3 10 83% — — 6.3 50 — 6.4 73% — 50 — — 77% — — — — — 20 82% — — 101119 6.0 6.2 90136 60% — 30151 — 5.8 66% 118 — 7134 6.3 51% — 114 6.4 20 10 6.2 73% 58% 6.3 80141 77% — — — — — — — 6.4 — — — — — — — — — . Estimated total concentrations of Congener No. , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 oc K general chemical structures of congeners] age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMDcentration exposure that period is (organic sorbed; carbon shaded data columns are indicate given tributary in sites; table the D1); first total sample of concentrat each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all informati to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table 14 Table [

39 indicate the percent of total con- (735) 20 Northport ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported 84% — — 74% — — 1.25 1.50 (468) River 8 9 Site 15 Site 16 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wenatchee on required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for 4,000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 5.15 (411) Lower Site 12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 100 Crab Creek (Karickhoff, 1981). (Karickhoff, ow K (388) Vernita Bridge Vernita 2,000 = 0.411 oc K ——— ——— ——— ———— ——— 30 93% ——— 92%86%94% 2095% — 90% 86% — — 93% — — 93% — — 30 — — 92% — 96%96%98% — — — 99% — — — — — 2.70 2.20 (335) 6 Site 11 Site 14 — — — — — — — 60 30 90 300 100 100 100 200 200 300 Yakima River Yakima 3,000 (289) Umatilla (1998) using the approximation 300 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued et al.

Log K 176 6.4 — — — — 130138158 6.4178 6.4183 6.6 —128 — — 6.8 10177 — 6.8 87%156 — 6.4 —201 — 10 — — 157 — 6.7 10 91% — 172 — 6.8 77%180 — 6.9 20 —199 6.8 30 88% — — 207 — 6.9 90% —194 — 7.0 — — — 7.2 — — — 100 — 7.4 — 93% — — 7.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 129 6.3174 — — 6.7 — 30 89% — 30 91% . Estimated total concentrations of -substituted PCBs Congener No. Sum of quantified values were estimated from values , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 ortho oc oc Value from high-flow deployment period. deployment from high-flow Value K from sites 3 and 4. Approximation based on values K general chemical structures of congeners] age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMDcentration exposure that period is (organic sorbed; carbon shaded data columns are indicate given tributary in sites; table the D1); first total sample of concentrat each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all informati to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table 14 Table [ a b c

40 c (102) Hayden Island Hayden 34%64%64% —86% — — 95% 0.4 — 68% — — — — indicate the percent of total con- (—) 1.85 2.30 (735) 6 0.4 5 1 Site 08 Site 07 10 Northport Johnson Creek ——— ——— — ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported 26%54%54% — — — 0.2 — 59% 34% 64% 64% 86% 1.25 1.50 1.85 (468) (101) 0.9 9 0.4 1 Site 15 Site 16 Site 06 — — — 50 20 10 on required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for Willamette River Wenatchee River Wenatchee — — — — — — — — tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 46% 74% b (87) 5.15 (411) 3.10 4 5 Site 12 Site 05 — — — — — — — — Lake River Lower Crab Creek Lower (Karickhoff, 1981). (Karickhoff, ow K (82) (388) = 0.411 oc Columbia City Vernita Bridge Vernita K —— 5——— 0.2 38% ——— 67% 72% 4 67% (69) 2.70 2.20 (335) 2 Site 11 Site 14 — — — — Longview Yakima River Yakima -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 (54) (289) Umatilla

ortho Beaver Army Terminal Army Beaver (39) (141) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 09 Site 10 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, Bradwood Warrendale -12 values of Hawker and Connell (1988) using the approximation of Hawker values ow a a K

oc oc Log K Log K 37 5.4 2 40% 4 40% 4 39% 6 39% 8177 6.0 6.0 — 2 — 69% — 4 — 69% 0.3 6 68% 68% 0.3 68% 8 68% 8177 6.0 6.0 — 2 — 59% — 0.6 65% — 37 5.4 2 29% — — 126169 6.5 7.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 — 88% — 126 6.5 — — — — 169 7.0 — — — — . Estimated total concentrations of non- Congener No. Congener No. values were estimated from values , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 oc oc Value from high-flow deployment period. deployment from high-flow Value K from sites 3 and 4. Approximation based on values K general chemical structures of congeners] age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMDcentration exposure that period is (organic sorbed; carbon shaded data columns are indicate given tributary in sites; table the D1); first total sample of concentrat each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all informati to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table 15 Table [ a b c

41 (102) Island Hayden (—) 31.58. NQ 3.1 29.35. 9.5 48. 3.5 64. 8.3 13. 21. 4.7 43. 20. NDNDND NQ ND ND ND ND ND ND NDNDND ND ND ND NQ 3.4 4.6 5.8 ND 5.0 ND NQ 4.4 NQ 4.8 6.8 6.9 ND 2.1 ND 100. 5.0 Creek Site 08 Site 07 Johnson RD River Basin, 1997 [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [12] [36] [47] [47] [18] [38] [42] [71] [21] [30] [45] [37] [32] [123] 26. 27. 13. 52. 12. 24. 61. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ (101) 1.3 3.6 3.0 7.5 5.9 4.6 6.7 Site 06 tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative Willamette River grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries Duplicates -9 23. 39. 11. 16. 70. 19. 35. 84. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ 2.1 5.8 3.6 9.0 2.2 1.6 33. 26. (87) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ Lake 9.1 5.1 1.3 2.3 5.7 7.4 6.6 River Site 05 d in nanograms (10 (82) City Columbia (69) Longview Duplicates RD (54) Terminal Beaver Army ] a (39) NDND ND ND ND ND ND ND [—] [—] ND ND 1.3 1.5 2.3 1.6 [36] 2.2 Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood . Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor NQ NQ NQ 3.2 NQ 3.5 3.7 NQ [6] [—] 5.4 7.2 hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane -DDE-DDD-DDT 40. 70. 29. 130. ND 120. 39. ND [8] 53. ND 120. 57. ND [7] [—] 58. ND -DDE-DDD-DDT 2.4 1.6 8.3 2.7 NQ 9.7 3.6 1.8 13. [29] 2.3 14. 4.0 2.0 [7] [14] 17. 3.8 ChlordaneNonachlor 7.0 7.5 9.5 ND 10. ND [5] ND 13. ND [—] ND Pentachloroanisolealpha- 10. 11. 8.7 8.3DieldrinEndrin [5] 25. 7.2 ND 7.0 7.9 NQ 9.8 NQ [21] NQ 12. [—] ND Hexachlorobenzene 11. 21. 29. 27. [7] 33. DacthalHeptachlor Epoxide 1.8 ND 1.6 ND 2.1 ND 2.1 [<1] ND 1.4 [—] ND LindaneHeptachlordelta- AldrinOxychlordane NQ ND NQ ND ND NQ NQ ND ND ND NQ ND NQ NQMethoxychlor [—]Mirex [—] NQ NQ 1.8 ND [—] [—] ND 1.3 NQ ND NQ ND NQ NQ ND [—] ND NQ [—] ND beta- trans- trans- o,p’ cis- p,p’ o,p’ o,p’ cis- p,p’ p,p’ Table 16 concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below and for procedural and ﬁeld-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; —, no value; shaded columns indicate difference between duplicate pairs, in percent difference

42 (735) Northport Duplicates RD River Basin, 1997— 10. NQ 5.721. [—] ND 20. [—] NDND 1.8NDND ND 2.0ND NDND NDND [11] NDND ND NDND ND ND ND [—] NQ ND [—] ND ND [—] NQ NQ [—] NQ [—] [—] ND [—] [—] NDND NDND ND ND ND ND ND ND [—] ND [—] [—] [—] NQNQ NQ 9.2 ND [—] 1.5 [—] NQ ND 4.6 [—] (468) 2.1 3.5 11. 2.6 [103] ND NQ 2.0 ND [—] 6.3 1.4 1.4 9.7 ND ND [—] ND 7.6 ND 2.1 [—] [—] [—] River 150. ND 16. [—] Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries -9 16. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ (411) 0.4 9.2 Creek Site 12 Lower Crab Lower ical results are presented for informational purposes only. (388) d in nanograms (10 Bridge Vernita [5] 9.3 [3] ND RD [—][—] 3.0 [—][—] ND [—] ND [—] ND [—] ND ND NQ [—][—] ND [—] ND [—] ND ND [50][42] 3.5 NQ [27][55][89] NQ [53][16] NQ 7.3 [30][31] 24. 240. 4.0 [55] 43. [26] 4.2 [51] 170. ND 100 ⋅ 18. 81. 27. 16. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ (335) 9.5 6.6 1.5 3.0 1.9 5.1 5.0 8.9 920. 100. - Site 11 Site 14 2 ⁄ Yakima River Yakima 2 2 V V – Duplicates 1 + 1 V 11. 13. 31. 37. 28. 15. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ 9.0 2.3 3.1 2.5 6.8 9.0 4.8 780. 110. 130. V ------() = RD 33. 23. 70. 22. 20. ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ (324) 3.7 2.4 6.1 2.9 2.7 6.9 1.5 Snake Riverb Site 13 , is calculated as 2 V (289) Umatilla and 1 V a NDND ND ND (141) 3.0 NQ Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale . Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor 24. 9.9 NQ NQ hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane -DDE-DDD-DDT 150. 71. 120. ND 47. ND -DDE-DDD-DDT 5.0 2.4 26. 5.7 11. 1.6 ChlordaneNonachlor 26. 8.8 NQ ND SPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analyt to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River at the Snake SPMD’s Percent relative difference between two values, between two difference Percent relative Dieldrin 15. 6.1 alpha- Dacthal NDEndrin ND ND ND LindaneHeptachlordelta- AldrinOxychlordaneHeptachlor Epoxide 14. ND ND 2.3 ND NQ ND 1.5 ND ND MethoxychlorMirex ND ND ND ND Pentachloroanisolebeta- 7.0 1.8 Hexachlorobenzene 28. 15. trans- trans- o,p’ cis- p,p’ o,p’ o,p’ cis- p,p’ p,p’ Table 16 Table Continued concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below a b and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; shaded columns indicate difference between duplicate pairs, in percent difference

43 Table 17. Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributary); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; shaded column indicates tributary site] Beaver Army Terminal Willamette River Warrendale (54) (101) (141) Site 02 Site 06 Site 09 Hexachlorobenzene ND ND ND Pentachloroanisole ND ND ND alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND Lindane NQ ND ND beta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND Heptachlor ND ND ND delta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND Aldrin ND ND ND Dacthal ND ND ND Oxychlordane ND ND ND Heptachlor Epoxide ND ND ND trans-Chlordane NQ 0.2 NQ trans-Nonachlor ND 0.2 ND o,p’-DDE NQ 0.4 NQ cis-Chlordane ND NQ ND p,p’-DDE NQ 1.8 NQ Dieldrin NQ 0.5 NQ o,p’-DDD NQ 1.5 0.2 Endrin ND ND ND o,p’-DDT ND ND ND cis-Nonachlor ND NQ ND p,p’-DDD 0.8 3.9 1.0 p,p’-DDT” ND 2.8 ND Methoxychlor ND ND ND Mirex ND ND ND hydrophobic OC pesticides were coupled with rela- SPMDs from upper-basin tributary sites had concen- tively high concentrations of organic carbon. trations somewhat higher than those from upper-basin main-stem sites. The highest levels were detected in SPMDs deployed in the Portland-Vancouver urban Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons area—at the Willamette River and Johnson Creek sites— and at the Warrendale site. However, PAH concen- PAH compounds result from the burning of trations in SPMDs deployed at the Hayden Island site organic materials and are present in fossil fuels. Com- were considerably lower than in those deployed at War- mon outdoor sources of these compounds include com- rendale, and SPMDs deployed downstream of the urban bustion engine exhaust (especially diesel engines), coal area had variable but generally lower levels lower than burning, and wood burning. those deployed in the Willamette Basin. During the 1997 low-flow period, the lowest Concentrations of PAH compounds in streambed PAH concentrations were measured in SPMDs from sediment did not necessarily reflect patterns in SPMDs. the main-stem sites in the upper basin (table 20). Although levels were elevated in streambed sediment

44 Wenatchee River

Columbia River

Lake River Yakima River

Lower Crab Creek

Columbia River EXPLANATION

Pacific Ocean Pacific Snake R Main stem Johnson Creek Tributary Willamette River Figure 8. Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportional to the sum of concentrations reported in table 18.) from the Willamette River site, concentrations were more hydrophobic compounds (log Koc’s greater than considerably lower in sediment from the Warrendale about 5.5), estimated total concentrations exceeded esti- site (table 21). mated dissolved concentrations by more than 100 percent. Estimated dissolved and total concentrations in river water.—Dissolved PAH compounds were estimated to be present at nanogram- or picogram-per-liter levels (table 22), and generally showed ACKNOWLEDGMENTS the same relative spatial distribution as SPMD concentrations—dissolved concentration estimates were high- We thank Tom Edwards of the USGS-WRD, est for the Willamette River, Johnson Creek and Portland, Oregon, for many productive, enjoyable, and Warrendale sites, and lowest for sites in the upper basin safe hours on the water. We are grateful to Jim Huckins, (fig. 9). CERC, USGS-BRD, Columbia, Missouri, for insightful discussions and unyielding moral support and encour- Because the PAH compounds most frequently agement. Many thanks go also to Ann Allert, CERC, detected are only moderately hydrophobic (log Koc USGS-BRD, Columbia, Missouri, and Jeremy Buck < 5), differences between dissolved and total concen- and Stephen Zylstra, USFWS, Portland, Oregon, for trations were smaller for PAHs than for other com- able field assistance. Finally, we wish to thank Tiffany pounds measured. In many cases, estimated total Meissner and Bernadine Bonn, USGS-WRD, Portland, concentrations (table 23) exceeded estimated dissolved Oregon, for invaluable contributions toward completion concentrations by less than 10 percent. However, for of this report.

45 (735) Northport —— ——— 200 —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— 10 20 20 — 601070 — — — 100600 — — 200 — (468) River Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee a River Basin, 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 40 90 (411) Lower Site 12 Crab Creek grams) per liter, with estimated -12 (388) Bridge Vernita — 300 —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— 5050 70 20 203050 — 60 — — 60 30 — 300 — 100 200 600200 30 400 200600 30 1,000 100 — (335) River 2,000 1,000 Site 11 Site 14 Yakima nt digit, in picograms (10 (289) Umatilla (141) Warrendale dissolved concentrations are summarized in table C4; shaded columns indicate dissolved s not available] (102) Island Hayden ————— — — 400——— — ——— — 300 2,000——— — ——— — — ——— — — ——— — ——— — ——— — 60 —30 30 — 10 40405070 10 — 20 — — 50 — — 9 — 200300 — 20 300 40 70 7 300400 80500 30300 200700 70 90100 90 — 200 50 — 700 40 100 40 300 200 200 30 200 50 1,000 200 (—) Creek Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Johnson — — — — — — — — — — — — 50 50 10 70 10 100 200 200 800 200 100 200 400 (101) River Site 06 Willamette — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 30 30 40 60 100 100 200 100 200 (87) Lake River Site 05 (82) City Columbia (69) Longview (54) Army Beaver Terminal ———— ———— 100 200 200 200 (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood . Estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during low-flow conditions in the Columbi hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor — — — 20 — 20 30 30 hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane -DDE-DDD 100-DDT 200 400 300 100 — 200 — 200 300 — — -DDE-DDD-DDT 10 7 40 10 — 50 20 10 70 10 90 20 Chlordane 30Nonachlor 40 40 — 60 — — — alpha- Endrin — — — — Dieldrin 40 40 40 70 Hexachlorobenzene 60 100 100 200 PentachloroanisoleLindanebeta- Heptachlor 40delta- Aldrin 50DacthalOxychlordaneHeptachlor Epoxide 40 —trans- —trans- 100 —o,p’ cis- — 10 — —p,p’ — — — 10 200 o,p’ — — — — o,p’ 20 — —cis- —p,p’ 10 — — p,p’ — MethoxychlorMirex — — — — — — — — Table 18 1997 [Numbers in parentheses below site names sampling rates, and equations used to calculate absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; partition coefficients, indicate Columbia River mile (point used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation i sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was tributary of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported to one significa

46 c (102) er Basin, 1997 Hayden Island Hayden ——— ———— ——— 400——— <1% ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— 7% — — 29%18% — — 20 21% 56%63%43% 20049% 61% 9071% 68% 16% — 200 — 36% 54% 40011% 75% 6082% 19% 7048% 41% 44% — 100 — 85% — 300 — 50% — — — — — — — — — — — 60 60 40 (—) 1.85 2.30 300 400 600 900 900 200 300 100 600 Site 08 Site 07 1,000 1,000 indicate the percent of total con- Johnson Creek — — — — — — — — — — — — 29% 18% 56% 63% 43% 49% 71% 16% 36% 82% 44% <1% <1% — — — — — — — — — — — — 20 60 1.85 (101) ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported 200 200 200 800 100 100 100 700 100 300 700 Site 06 Willamette River — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1% 41% 26% 11% 62% 80% 24% 49% 57% b — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 40 40 (87) tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 3.10 200 100 100 900 200 100 500 Site 05 Lake River ions; —, all information required for calculation is not available] (82) Columbia City (69) Longview (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, -12 a

oc 3.43.4 —— 100 1%3.8 —— —— 200 —— —— 1% —— —— 200 1% —— 200 1%

Log K . Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during low-flow conditions in the Columbia Riv hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor 5.8 6.0 — — — — — — 50 68% — 60 68% 90 68% 90 61% hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon -DDE-DDD 6.1-DDT 500 76% 800 76% 5.6 6.5 1,000 300 75% 51% — — 1,000 75% 400 50% — 500 — 50% 500 — 50% — — — -DDE-DDD-DDT 5.6 20 50% 5.5 6.4 10 49% 80 42% — 20 — 49% 90 42% 80 40 86% 100 49% 41% 100 85% 200 41% 200 85% Chlordane 5.7Nonachlor 70 55% 5.7 80 55% — 100 54% — 100 54% — — — — — — oc K Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 Hexachlorobenzene 5.3 90 35% 200 34% 200 34% 300 34% Pentachloroanisolealpha- Lindanebeta- Heptachlor 5.1delta- AldrinDacthal 60 22%Oxychlordane 3.3Heptachlor Epoxidetrans- 5.7 60 21%trans- —o,p’ —cis- — 4.6 6.1 — 50p,p’ — 4.0 21%Dieldrin — 20o,p’ — — 9% — — 100Endrin — — 21% — —o,p’ —cis- 10 —p,p’ 8% — — — —p,p’ — — — — —Methoxychlor 5.0Mirex 20 200 <1% 8% — 4.8 — 50 — — — 20% — — — 10 — 8% 4.7 — 50 — — 20% — — — — — 6.5 — — 50 19% — — — — 80 — 19% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD used in calculat sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrat to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table 19 [

47 (735) Northport indicate the percent of total con- the Columbia River Basin, ——— ———— ——— 200——— <1% ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— 8% — — 13% 20 15% 34%39%62% — —28% — — — 76% — —35% — — — — — 1.25 1.50 (468) ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported Site 15 Site 16 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10 20 80 10 200 300 200 2,000 Wenatchee River Wenatchee — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 37% 73% 35% 5.15 (411) tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 3 Site 12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 200 100 Lower Crab Creek Lower ions; —, all information required for calculation is not available] (388) values were obtained from Environmental Science Center Syracuse Research Corporation on-line ow Vernita Bridge Vernita K ———— 300——— 1% ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— 1% — — 37%24% 100 33% 30 20% 10%65%71% —53% —58% — —78% 100 — 22% 500 — 47% 4,00045% 53% 75% 4087% 600 19% 57% 40% 54% 200 85% — 2,00012% 49% — — — 2.70 2.20 (335) Site 11 Site 14 — — — — — — — — — — 70 60 20 90 70 300 200 100 300 800 400 200 Yakima River Yakima 1,000 1,000 (Karickhoff, 1981); 10,000 ow K = 0.411 oc (289) K Umatilla (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, -12 a

oc values using the approximation 3.4 —— 3003.4—— —— <1%3.8—— — —

Log K ow K . Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during low-flow conditions in hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor 5.8 6.0 400 200 51% 58% — — — — hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane values were estimated from , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon -DDE-DDD-DDT 6.1 2,000 67% 700 73% 5.6 6.5 2,000 39% — 400 — 46% — — -DDE-DDD-DDT 5.6 60 38% 5.5 20 300 6.4 45% 31% 200 79% 90 38% 60 84% Chlordane 5.7Nonachlor 400 44% 80 5.7 51% — — — — oc oc database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm). Value from high-flow deployment period. deployment from high-flow Value K from sites 3 and 4. Approximation based on values K Hexachlorobenzene 5.3 300 25% 100 31% PentachloroanisoleLindanebeta- Heptachlor 5.1delta- Aldrin 50Dacthal 15%OxychlordaneHeptachlor Epoxide 3.3 9 5.7 2,000 19% <1% — 4.6 6.1 — — 4.0 — 30 — — — — — 6% — — — — 10 — — — 7% — Methoxychlor — — Mirex 4.7 — 6.5 — — — — — — — alpha- DieldrinEndrin 5.0 200 4.8 13% — 40 — 17% — — Organic Carbon (mg/L) 1.50 2.00 trans- trans- o,p’ cis- p,p’ o,p’ o,p’ cis- p,p’ p,p’ age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD used in calculat sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table D1); total concentrat to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table 19 Table [ a b c 1997—Continued

48 (102) Island Hayden 27 ND 29 ND ND ND (—) NQ ND NQ 18 NQNQ NQ ND 110170910 NQ 120 38 200 23 380190 61 NQ Creek Site 08 Site 07 1,3001,100 300 240 Johnson [2] RD [—] [—] [—] [—] [15] [33] [13] [26] [17] [34] [51] [10] [21] [<1] 57 69 85 40 ND ND NQ NQ 410 340 460 320 110 (101) Site 06 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries 2,000 3,900 -9 Willamette River Duplicates 66 96 50 ND ND NQ 360 110 340 650 190 160 100 1,700 3,800 ded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is in brackets, shown sites; RD value, ded columns indicate tributary 61 33 43 45 ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ (87) 270 500 350 100 Lake River Site 05 (82) City Columbia (69) Longview Duplicates RD ] a (54) Army Beaver Terminal (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood ]pyrene ND NQ ND ND [—] NQ ]perylene ND NQ NQ NQ [—] 24 ]anthracene ND ND ND ND [—] ND . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1997 ]ﬂuoranthene]pyrene NQ 160 NQ 100 44 160 NQ [46] 16 210 [—] 92 ]ﬂuoranthene 31 110 69 NQ [—] NQ 1,2,3,c,d a,h

]anthraceneb NQk a 230g,h,i 130 83 [44] 170

a Indeno[ PyreneBenz[ 530 720 390 580 [39] 1,400 Acenaphthylene ND ND ND ND [—] ND FluorenePhenanthreneAnthraceneFluoranthene NQ NQ NQBenzo[ 270 110Benzo[ 22 30 550 61 NQ 290 24 59 NQ 500 23 [—] [3] [53] [4] NQ 85 580 NQ Benzo[ Acenaphthene NQ NDChrysene NDBenzo[ 230Dibenz[ ND 390 [—] 310 NQ 270 [14] 460 and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; sha not quantified; —, no value; and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference relative Table 20 Table [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10

49 ontinued (735) Northport Duplicates RD 7 NQ 50 [—] 56 NQ10 3349 8 [—] 39 170 270 [182] [150] ND ND ND [—] NDND NDNDND NDND 62 ND ND 38 ND [—] ND NQ [—] NQ [—] [—] [—] NQ ND NQ [—] NQ NQ 48 [—] 270290 95100 170 210 81 490 1,100 [75] [97] [173] (468) River grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries Site 15 Site 16 -9 Wenatchee ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 520 640 320 (411) Creek Site 12 ded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is in brackets, shown sites; RD value, ded columns indicate tributary Lower Crab ical results are presented for informational purposes only. (388) Bridge Vernita 100 ⋅ [9][6] ND ND [5] 140 RD [—] ND [—] ND [—][—] 28 [—][—] 37 [—] 27 [—] ND [—] ND ND ND [13] ND [10] 290 [<1] 120 - 2 ⁄ 2 2 V V – 1 + 1 V 48 81 68 ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ 320 330 200 (335) V Site 11 Site 14 ------() Yakima River Yakima = Duplicates RD 42 74 68 ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ 300 300 190 b 65 76 27 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ 150 (324) Snake River Site 13 , is calculated as 2 ] V a and 1 V (289) Umatilla (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale ]pyrene NQ ND ]perylene NQ ND . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during low-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1997—C ]anthracene NQ ND ]ﬂuoranthene]pyrene 76 NQ NQ ND ]ﬂuoranthene NQ NQ 1,2,3,c,d a,h

]anthraceneb k 82a 10 g,h,i

a AcenaphthylenePhenanthrene NQ NQ 850ChryseneBenzo[ NQ 310 43 AnthracenePyreneBenz[ 37 1,200 NQ 110 Acenaphthene 80 ND Benzo[ Indeno[ Dibenz[ Benzo[ Fluorene 120 NQ Benzo[ Fluoranthene 2,100 160 and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; —, no value; sha not quantified; —, no value; and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference relative Table 20 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10 SPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analyt to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River at the Snake SPMD’s Percent relative difference between two values, between two difference Percent relative a b

50 not in nanograms (141) Warrendale 3ND 141679219836 3 61 4 46 14 60 1 63 11 7014 5 8 8 6 7 5 ND 120 10 110 6 (101) Site 06 Site 09 Willamette River (54) Site 02 Terminal Beaver Army Beaver ]pyrene 11 ]perylene 16 ]anthracene 3 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in streambed sediment collected during low-flow conditions ]ﬂuoranthene]pyrene 14 16 ]ﬂuoranthene 14 1,2,3,c,d a,h

]anthraceneb k a g,h,i 9

a grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, grams) per gram of sediment (dry weight), are corrected for surrogate recoveries -9 Benz[ Acena4phthyleneFluorenePhenanthreneAnthraceneFluoranthenePyreneChrysene NQ Benzo[ Benzo[ Benzo[ Indeno[ 21 Dibenz[ 5 Benzo[ 2 24 24 18 Acenaphthene 3 (10 Table 21 Table in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 concentrations, reported mile (point of entry for tributary); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded column indicates tributary site] not quantiﬁed; shaded column indicates tributary detected; NQ, detected, but

51 (735) Northport —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— 60 — 80 60 600 400 300 200 (468) 1,0003,000 — 1,000 2,000 1,000 Site 15 Site 16 e River Wenatche grams) per liter, with grams) per liter, ver Basin, 1997 -12 — — — — — — — — — — — — Crab (411) Creek 6,000 5,000 1,000 Lower Site 12 (388) Bridge Vernita —— —— — 200 —— 300 —— 200 —— —— —— 800 800 300 700 (335) River 1,0001,0003,000 — — 2,000 — 2,000 Site 11 Site 14 Yakima (289) Umatilla rted to one signiﬁcant digit, in picograms (10 calculate dissolved concentrations are summarized in table C5; shaded calculate dissolved for calculation is not available] (141) Warrendale (102) Island Hayden ——— — — 100——— — 600——— — ——— 60 — 200——— 300——— (—) Creek 3,0004,000 — 7001,000 2,0008,000 2,000 2006,000 2,000 — 1,000 10,000 — 3002,000 6,0002,000 1,000 400 — 400 — 2,000 600 200 — Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 10,000 2,000 10,000 — Johnson — — — 800 900 600 600 Wil- (101) River 2,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 3,000 2,000 Site 06 lamette 10,000 20,000 — — — — — — — 300 300 700 400 (87) 1,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 Site 05 Lake River (82) City Columbia (69) Longview (54) Army Beaver Terminal (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood ]pyrene — — — —

cd . Estimated dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions in the Columbia Ri ]perylene — — — 300 ]anthracene — — — — ]ﬂuoranthene —]pyrene 1,000 — 800 2,000 300 — 500 ]ﬂuoranthene 200 600 400 — a,h

]anthraceneb —k 1,000a 800g,h,i 1,000

a AcenaphtheneFluorene — — — 400 —Benzo[ —Benzo[ — Indeno[1,2,3- — Dibenz[ Benzo[ Acenaphthylene — — — — PhenanthreneAnthracenePyrene — 1,000 — 700 200 2,000 900 3,000 200 2,000 — 6,000 FluorantheneChrysene 2,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 Benz[ Benzo[ Table 22 concentrations are repo mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; partition coefficients, used in calculations; —, all information required sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was columns indicate tributary

52 Main stem Tributary

EXPLANATION Columbia River Columbia Lower Crab Creek Snake R Wenatchee River Yakima River Columbia River Johnson Creek Lake River Sum of estimated dissolved concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-ﬂow

Willamette River Paciﬁc Ocean Paciﬁc Figure 9. Basin, 1997. (Areas of symbols are proportionalconditions in the Columbia River to the sum of concentrations reported 22.) in table

53 c (102) Hayden Island Hayden indicate the percent of ——— — 200 29% ——— ——— ——— 1%1%2% —2% 700 — 8% 2,000 1% 3% 7% 200 2,000 3% 9% 1,000 8% 24%55% 500 29% 45% — — —82% — — — Basin, 1997 — — — — — (—) 1.85 2.30 300 Site 08 Site 07 3,000 4,000 1,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 4,000 2,000 10,000 Johnson Creek — — — — 1% 1% 2% 2% 8% 7% 24% 24% 55% 45% 82% — — — — 1.85 (101) 900 Site 06 2,000 2,000 4,000 3,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 3,000 10,000 20,000 Willamette River — — — — — — — 2% 4% 4% tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 12% 11% 35% 35% 67% able D1; total concentrations were calculated using equation 5 and are b — — — — — — — (87) 3.10 300 500 Site 05 1,000 3,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 Lake River calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available] (82) Columbia City (69) Longview (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, -12 (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood a

Log K ]pyrene — — — — — — — — —

cd . Estimated total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River ]perylene 6.4 — — — — — — 2,000 85% ]anthracene — — — — — — — — — ]ﬂuoranthene]pyrene 5.8 — 5.7 — 3,000 — 61% — 2,000 61% 500 51% 4,000 61% — — 1,000 51% ]ﬂuoranthene — — — — — — — — — a,h

]anthraceneb k 5.2a — —g,h,i 2,000 29% 1,000 29% 1,000 29%

a , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon oc K Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.30 Acenaphthylene — — — — — — — — — Acenaphthene 3.5 —Chrysene —Benzo[ — —Dibenz[ 5.2Benzo[ 1,000 — 30% — 3,000 29% — — 2,000 29% 3,000 29% FluorenePhenanthreneAnthraceneFluoranthenePyreneBenz[ 4.1 3.8 4.1 4.6 — — — — 2,000 — 10% 4.6 — 1,000 400 3% 3.000 4,000 1% 9% 9% 200 3% 700 3,000 2,000 3% — 8% 9% — 200 3% 1,000 2,000 5,000 3% 8% 9% — — — 7,000 — 8% Benzo[ Benzo[ Indeno[1,2,3- average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period; organic carbon data are given in t carbon data are given period; organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic of suspended plus dissolved average reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10 used in sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary Table 23 Table [

54 REFERENCES Fattore, Elena, Benfenati, Emilio, Mariani, Giulio, and Fanelli, Robert, 1997, Patters and sources of Anthony, R.G., Garrett, M.G., and Schuler, C.A., 1993, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Environmental contaminants in bald eagles in the sediments from the Venice Lagoon, Italy: Environmental Columbia River Estuary: Journal of Wildlife Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 6, p. 1777-1784. Management v., 57, p. 10-19. Fuhrer, G.J. 1989, Quality of bottom material and elutriates in Bonn, B.A., 1998, Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and the lower Willamette River, Portland Harbor, Oregon: dibenzofuran concentration profiles in sediment and U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations fish tissue of the Willamette Basin, Oregon, Report 89-4005, 30 p. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, no. 6, p. 729-735. Fuhrer, G.J., Tanner, D.Q., Morace, J.L., McKenzie, S.W., and Skach, K.A., 1996, Water quality of the Lower Columbia Chiou, C.T., Porter, P.E., and Schmedding, D.W., 1983, River Basin—Analysis of current and historical Partition equilibria of nonionic organic compounds water-quality data through 1994: U.S. Geological Survey between soil organic matter and water: Environmental Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4294, 157 p. Science and Technology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 227-231. Curtis, L.R., Carpenter, H.M., Donohoe, R.M., Williams, Gale, R.W., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Peterman, P.H., D.E., Hedstrom, O.R., Deinzer, M.L., Bellstein, M.A., Williams, L.L., Morse, Douglas, Schwartz, T.R., and Foster, Eugene, Gates, Richard, 1993, Sensitivity of Tillitt, D.E., 1997, Comparison of the uptake of cytochrome P450-1A1 induction in fish as a biomarker dioxin-like compounds by caged channel catfish and for distribution of TCDD and TCDF in the Willamette semipermeable membrane devices in the Saginaw River, River, Oregon: Environmental Science and Michigan: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, Technology, v. 27, no. 10, p. 2149-2157. no. 1, p.178-187. Edwards, T.K., 1992, Water-quality and flow data for Gale, R.W., and Orazio, C.E., 1998, Contaminant monitoring Johnson Creek Basin, Oregon, April 1988 to January in the Lower Columbia River Estuary using 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-73, semipermeable membrane devices, Part 1. Summer-fall 29 p. 1997 sampling period: U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center, Report No.: Elliott, J.E., Norstrom, R.J., Lorenzen, A., Hart, L.E., FY-98-31-21, 44 p., 31 tables. Philibert, H., Kennedy, S.W., Stegeman, J.J., Bellward, G. D., and Cheng, K.M., 1996, Biological effects of Gawlik, B.M., Sotiriou, N., Feicht, E.A., Schulte-Hostede, S., polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and Kettrup, A., 1997, Alternatives for the determination and biphenyls in eggs of bald eagle (Haliaeetus of the soil adsorption coefficient, KOC, of leucocephalus) chicks: Environmental Toxicology non-ionicorganic compounds—A review: Chemosphere, and Chemistry, v. 15, p. 782-793. v. 34, no. 12, p. 2525-2551. Elliott, J.D., Henny, C.J., Harris, M.L., Wilson, L.K., and Giesy, J.P., Bowerman, W.W., Mora, M.A., Verbrugge, D.A. Norstrom, R.J., in press, Chlorinated hydrocarbons Othoudt, R.A., Newsted, J.L., Summer, C.L., Aulerich, in livers of American mink (Mustela vison) and river R.J., Bursian, S.J., Ludwig, J.P., Dawson, G.A., Kubiak, otter (Lutra canadensis) from the Columbia and T.J., Best. D.A., and Tillitt. D.E., 1995, Contaminants in Fraser River basins, 1990-1992: Environmental fishes from the Great Lakes-influenced sections and Monitoring and Assessment, v. 53, p. 1-25. above dams of three Michigan rivers: III. Implications for Elliott, J.E., Norstrom, R.J., and Smith, G.E.J., 1996, health of bald eagles: Archives of Environmental Patterns, trends, and toxicological significance of Contamination and Toxicology v. 29, p. 309-321. chlorinated hydrocarbon and mercury contaminants in bald eagles eggs from the Pacific Coast of Canada, Gruber, S.J., and Munn, M.D., 1996, Organochlorine 1990-1994: Archives of Environmental Contamination pesticides and PCBs in aquatic ecosystems of the Central and Toxicology, v. 31, p. 354-367. Columbia Plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 170-96, 4 p. Embrey, S.S., and Block, E.K., 1995, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and Harrison, H.E., Anderson, C.W., Rinella, F.A., Gasser, T.M., biota associated with irrigation drainage in the and Pogue, T.R. Jr., 1995, Analytical data from phases I Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 1991-92: U.S. and II of the Willamette River Basin water quality study, Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Oregon, 1992-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-4007, 144 p. Report 95-373, 171 p.

55 Hawker, D.W., and Connell, D.W., 1988, Octanol-water Lower Columbia River Bi-State Steering Committee, 1996, partition coefficients of polychlorinated biphenyl Lower Columbia River Bi-State water quality program— congeners: Environmental Science and Technology, v. Final executive summary and steering committee 22, no. 4, p. 382-387. recommendations— June 1996: 20 p. [Available from the Lower Columbia River Estuary Program, 811 SW Sixth Henny, C.J., Grove, R.A., and Hedstrom, O.R., 1996, A field Avenue, Portland, OR 97204, Phone: 503-229-5247, evaluation of mink and river otter on the Lower E-mail: [email protected]] Columbia River and the influence of environmental Mackay, Donald, Shiu, Wan Ying, and Ma, Kuo Ching, 1992, contaminants, National Biological Service Final Illustrated handbook of physical-chemical properties and Report Submitted to The Lower Columbia River environmental fate for organic chemicals—Volume II— Bi-State Water Quality Program; Oregon Department Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated of Environmental Quality Contract No. 143-94, dioxins, and dibenzofurans: Chelsea, Michigan, Lewis Washington State Department of Ecology Contract Publishers, 597 p. No. C9500038: Corvallis, Oregon, unpaged. [Available from Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, McFarland, V.A., and Clarke, J.U., 1989, Environmental U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division, occurrence, abundance and potential toxicity of 3080 SE Clearwater Drive, Corvallis, OR 97333] polychlorinated bipehnyl congeners—Considerations for a congener-specific analysis: Environmental Health Hubbard, L.E., Herrett, T.A., Poole, J.E., Ruppert, G.P., and Perspectives, v. 81, 225-239. Courts, M.L., 1998, Water Resources Data, Oregon, Meadows, J.C., Echols, K.R., Huckins, J.N., Borsuk, F.A., Water Year 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Carline, R.F., and Tillitt, D.E., 1998, Estimation of Report OR-97-1, 416 p. uptake rate constants for PCB Congeners accumulated by semipermeable membrane devices and brown trout Huckins, J.N., Manuweera, G.K., Petty, J.D., Mackay, (Salmo Trutta): Environmental Science and Donald., Lebo, J.A., 1993, Lipid-containing Technology, v. 32, no. 12, p. 1847-1852. semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organic contaminants in water: Environmental Science Munn, M.D., and Gruber, S.J., 1997, The relationship between and Technology, v. 27, no. 12, p. 2489-2496. land use and organochlorine compounds in streambed sediment and fish in the Central Columbia Plateau, Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Lebo, J.A., Orazio, C.E., Clark, Washington and Idaho, USA: Environmental Toxicology R.C., and Gibson, V.L., 1998, SPMD technology—A and Chemistry, v. 16, no 9, p. 1877-1887 tutorial: Columbia, Missouri, 90 p. [Available from Onuska, F.I., 1989, Analysis of polycyclic aromatic Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. hydrocarbons in environmental samples, in Afghan, Geological Survey Biological Resources Division, B.K., and Chau, A.S.Y., editors, Analysis of trace 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201] organics in the aquatic environment: Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, p. 205-241. Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Prest, H.F., Lebo, J.A., Orazio, C.E., and Gale, R.W., 1997, Important considerations Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N., Orazio, C.E., Lebo, J.A., Clark, in semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) design, R.C., and Gibson, V.L., 1994, Laboratory studies of the application, performance and data comparability: use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as Abstracts, 18th Annual Meeting, Society of passive water samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbon Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, (PAH) priority pollutants—Final report to the American San Francisco, CA, November 16-20, p. 206. Petroleum Institute on Grant 93-045, National Biological Survey: Columbia, Missouri, unpaged. [Available from Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Prest, H.F., Orazio, C.E., and Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Clark, R.C., 1999, A guide for the use of Geological Survey Biological Resources Division, 4200 semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201] samplers of waterborne hydrophobic organic Pirkey, K.D., and Glodt, S.R., 1998, Quality control at the U.S. contaminants: American Petroleum Institute Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: Publication No. 4690. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-026-98, 4 p. Karickhoff, S.W., 1981, Semi-empirical estimation of Rinella, F.A., 1993, Evaluation of organic compounds and sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural trace elements in Amazon Creek Basin, Oregon, sediments and soils: Chemosphere, v. 10, no. 8, p. September, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey 833-846. Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4041, 41 p.

56 Rinella, J.F., McKenzie, S.W., Crawford, J.K., Foreman, Wentz, D.A., Bonn, B.A., Carpenter, K.D., Hinkle, S.R., Janet, W.T., Gates, P.M., Fuhrer, G.J., and Janet, M.L., 1992, M.L., Rinella, F.A., Uhrich, M.A., Waite, I R., Laenen, Surface-water-quality assessment of the Yakima River Antonius, and Bencala, K.E., 1998, Water quality in the Basin, Washington—Pesticide and other Willamette Basin, Oregon, 1991-95: U.S. Geological trace-organic-compound data for water, sediment, soil, Survey Circular 1161, 34 p. and aquatic biota, 1987-91:U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-644, 154 p. Wershaw, R.L., Fishman, M.J., Grabbe, R.R., and Lowe, L.E., eds., 1987, Methods for the determination of organic Shelton, L.R., and Capel, P.D., 1994, Guidelines for substances in water and ﬂuvial sediments: U.S. collecting and processing samples of stream bed Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources sediment for analysis of trace elements and organic Investigations, book 5, chap. A3, 80 p. contaminants for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Wiemeyer, S.N., Bunck, C.M., and Stafford, C.J., 1993, Open-File Report 94-458, 20 p. Environmental contaminants in bald eagle eggs— 1980-84—and further interpretations of relationships to Tillitt, D.E., Giesy, J.P., and Ankley, G.T., 1991, productivity and shell thickness: Archives of Characterization of the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 24, p. bioassay as a tool for assessing toxic potency of planar 213-227. halogenated hydrocarbons in environmental samples: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 25, no. 1, Wiggins, W.D., Ruppert, G.P., Smith, R.R., Reed, L.L., p.87-92. Hubbard, L.E., and Courts, M.L., 1998, Water Resources Data, Washington, Water Year 1997: U.S. Geological Wagner, R.J., Ebbert, J.C., Roberts, L.M., and Ryker, S.J., Survey Water-Data Report WA-97-1 1995, Agricultural pesticide applications and observed concentrations in surface waters from four drainage Williamson, A.K., Munn, M.D., Ryker, S.J., Wagner, R.J., basins in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington Ebbert, J.C., and Vanderpool, A.M., 1998, Water quality and Idaho, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington and Idaho, Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4285, 50 p. 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1144, 35 p.

57 58 APPENDIX A General Chemical Structures of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans,andPolychlorinatedBiphenyls

59 60 APPENDIX A

The positions of the chlorine substituents in PCDD, PCDF, and PCB molecules are identified by numbers, as shown in figure A1. PCDDs and PCDFs may contain from 1 to 8 chlorine atoms, and PCBs may contain from 1 to 10 chlorine atoms. Individual PCB congeners are also identified by congener numbers (table A1). numbers indicate the ortho positions for PCBs.) PCDDs 9 1 O 8 2

7 3 O 6 4

9 PCDFs 1

8 2

7 3 O 6 4

PCBs 3 2 6’ 5’

4 4’

5 6 2’ 3’

Figure A1. General chemical structures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). (Shaded numbers indicate the ortho positions for PCBs.)

61 Table A1. Congener number and chlorine positions for polychlorinated biphenyls (McFarland and Clarke, 1989) [Chlorine positions indicate positions of chlorine atoms as illustrated in ﬁgure A1]

Congener Chlorine Congener Chlorine Congener Chlorine Congener Chlorine Congener Chlorine No. Positions No. Positions No. Positions No. Positions No. Positions

Monochlorobiphenyls Tetrachlorobiphenyls Pentachlorobiphenyls Hexachlorobiphenyls Heptachlorobiphenyls 1 2 40 2,2’,3,3’ 82 2,2’,3,3’,4 128 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’ 170 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5 2 3 41 2,2’,3,4 83 2,2’,3,3’,5 129 2,2’,3,3’,4,5 171 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,6 3 4 42 2,2’,3,4’ 84 2,2’,3,3’,6 130 2,2’,3,3’,4,5’ 172 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’ 43 2,2’,3,5 85 2,2’,3,4,4’ 131 2,2’,3,3’,4,6 173 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,6 Dichlorobiphenyls 44 2,2’,3,5’ 86 2,2’,3,4,5 132 2,2’,3,3’,4,6’ 174 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,6’ 4 2,2’ 45 2,2’,3,6 87 2,2’,3,4,5’ 133 2,2’,3,3’,5,5’ 175 2,2’,3,3’,4,5’,6 5 2,3 46 2,2’,3,6’ 88 2,2’,3,4,6 134 2,2’,3,3’,5,6 176 2,2’,3,3’,4,6,6’ 6 2,3’ 47 2,2’,4,4’ 89 2,2’,3,4,6’ 135 2,2’,3,3’,5,6’ 177 2,2’,3,3’,4’,5,6 7 2,4 48 2,2’,4,5 90 2,2’,3,4’,5 136 2,2’,3,3’,6,6’ 178 2,2’,3,3’,5,5’,6 8 2,4’ 49 2,2’,4,5’ 91 2,2’,3,4’,6 137 2,2’,3,4,4’,5 179 2,2’,3,3’,5,6,6’ 9 2,5 50 2,2’,4,6 92 2,2’,3,5,5’ 138 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’ 180 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,5’ 10 2,6 51 2,2’,4,6’ 93 2,2’,3,5,6 139 2,2’,3,4,4’,6 181 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,6 11 3,3’ 52 2,2’,5,5’ 94 2,2’,3,5,6’ 140 2,2’,3,4,4’,6’ 182 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,6’ 12 3,4 53 2,2’,5,6’ 95 2,2’,3,5’,6 141 2,2’,3,4,5,5’ 183 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’,6 13 3,4’ 54 2,2’,6,6’ 96 2,2’,3,6,6’ 142 2,2’,3,4,5,6 184 2,2’,3,4,4’,6,6’ 14 3,5 55 2,3,3’,4 97 2,2’,3’,4,5 143 2,2’,3,4,5,6’ 185 2,2’,3,4,5,5’,6 15 4,4’ 56 2,3,3’,4’ 98 2,2’,3’,4,6 144 2,2’,3,4,5’,6 186 2,2’,3,4,5,6,6’ 57 2,3,3’,5 99 2,2’,4,4’,5 145 2,2’,3,4,6,6’ 187 2,2’,3,4’,5,5’,6 Trichlorobiphenyls 58 2,3,3’,5’ 100 2,2’,4,4’,6 146 2,2’,3,4’,5,5’ 188 2,2’,3,4’,5,6,6’ 16 2,2’,3 59 2,3,3’,6 101 2,2’,4,5,5’ 147 2,2’,3,4’,5,6 189 2,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’ 17 2,2’,4 60 2,3,4,4’ 102 2,2’,4,5,6’ 148 2,2’,3,4’,5,6’ 190 2,3,3’,4,4’,5,6 18 2,2’,5 61 2,3,4,5 103 2,2’,4,5’,6 149 2,2’,3,4’,5’,6 191 2,3,3’,4,4’,5’,6 19 2,2’,6 62 2,3,4,6 104 2,2’,4,6,6’ 150 2,2’,3,4’,6,6’ 192 2,3,3’,4,5,5’,6 20 2,3,3’ 63 2,3,4’,5 105 2,3,3’,4,4’ 151 2,2’,3,5,5’,6 193 2,3,3’,4,’,5,5’,6 21 2,3,4 64 2,3,4’,6 106 2,3,3’,4,5 152 2,2’,3,5,6,6’ 22 2,3,4’ 65 2,3,5,6 107 2,3,3’,4’,5 153 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’ Octachlorobiphenyls 23 2,3,5 66 2,3’,4,4’ 108 2,3,3’,4,5’ 154 2,2’,4,4’,5,6’ 194 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’ 24 2,3,6 67 2,3’,4,5 109 2,3,3’,4,6 155 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’ 195 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,6 25 2,3’,4 68 2,3’,4,5’ 110 2,3,3’,4’,6 156 2,3,3’,4,4’,5 196 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,6’ 26 2,3’,5 69 2,3’,4,6 111 2,3,3’,5,5’ 157 2,3,3’,4,4’,5’ 197 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,6,6’ 27 2,3’,6 70 2,3’,4’,5 112 2,3,3’,5,6 158 2,3,3’,4,4’,6 198 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’,6 28 2,4,4’ 71 2,3’,4’,6 113 2,3,3’,5’,6 159 2,3,3’,4,5,5’ 199 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’,6’ 29 2,4,5 72 2,3’,5,5’ 114 2,3,4,4’,5 160 2,3,3’,4,5,6 200 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,6,6’ 30 2,4,6 73 2,3’,5’,6 115 2,3,4,4’,6 161 2,3,3’,4,5’,6 201 2,2’,3,3’,4,5’,6,6’ 31 2,4’,5 74 2,4,4’,5 116 2,3,4,5,6 162 2,3,3’,4’,5,5’ 202 2,2’,3,3’,5,5’,6,6’ 32 2,4’,6 75 2,4,4’,6 117 2,3,4’,5,6 163 2,3,3’,4’,5,6 203 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,5’,6 33 2’,3,4 76 2’,3,4,5 118 2,3’,4,4’,5 164 2,3,3’,4’,5’,6 204 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,6,6’ 34 2’,3,5 77 3,3’,4,4’ 119 2,3’,4,4’,6 165 2,3,3’,5,5’,6 205 2,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’,6 35 3,3’,4 78 3,3’,4,5 120 2,3’,4,5,5’ 166 2,3,4,4’,5,6 36 3,3’,5 79 3,3’,4,5’ 121 2,3’,4,5’,6 167 2,3’,4,4’,5,5’ Nonachlorobiphenyls 37 3,4,4’ 80 3,3’,5,5’ 122 2’,3,3’,4,5 168 2,3’,4,4’,5’,6 206 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’,6 38 3,4,5 81 3,4,4’,5 123 2’,3,4,4’,5 169 3,3’,4,4’,5,5’ 207 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,6,6’ 39 3,4’,5 124 2’,3,4,5,5’ 208 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’,6,6’ 125 2’,3,4,5,6’ 126 3,3’,4,4’,5 Decachlorobiphenyl 127 3,3’,4,5,5’ 209 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’,6,6’

62 APPENDIX B Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds Accumulated in Field Blanks During Low-Flow Conditions, 1997

63 64 Table B1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in picograms (10-12 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites] Lower Crab Willamette River Umatilla Creek Northport (101) (289) (411) (735) Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND ND Total Tetra ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND Total Penta ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND ND Total Hexa ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta ND ND ND NQ Total Hepta NQ NQ NQ NQ Octa NQ NQ NQ NQ

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra ND ND ND ND Total Tetra NQ ND ND ND 1,2,3,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND 2,3,4,7,8-Penta ND ND ND ND Total Penta ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa ND ND ND ND 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa ND ND ND ND Total Hexa ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta ND ND ND ND 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta ND ND ND ND Total Hepta NQ ND ND NQ Octa 9.9 9.9 27. 12.

65 Table B2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Lower Crab Congener No. Willamette River Umatilla Creek Northport (101) (289) (411) (735) Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16 4 & 10 ND ND 2.5 NQ 7 & 9 NQ ND ND NQ 6 ND ND ND ND 5 & 8 ND ND ND ND 19 NQ ND ND ND 18 0.73 0.64 1.1 0.67 17 & 15 0.40 0.35 NQ 0.36 24 & 27 NQ ND ND NQ 16 & 32 0.46 0.46 0.79 0.47 29 ND NQ ND ND 26 NQ NQ ND NQ 25 0.12 NQ 0.43 NQ 31 0.48 0.40 0.96 0.40 28 0.76 0.67 1.2 0.65 20 & 33 0.62 0.55 0.98 0.55 53 0.25 NQ ND NQ 51 ND ND ND ND 22 0.28 0.25 0.42 0.25 45 NQ 0.15 ND NQ 46 ND NQ ND ND 52 0.76 0.63 1.4 0.59 43 ND ND ND ND 49 0.48 0.40 0.86 0.39 47 0.25 0.23 NQ NQ 48 0.34 0.30 NQ 0.31 44 0.59 0.45 1.3 0.50 42 0.19 0.24 0.41 0.24 41 0.22 0.19 NQ 0.17 64 0.29 0.27 0.64 0.24 40 NQ NQ ND NQ 67 ND ND ND ND 63 ND ND ND ND 74 0.12 0.13 0.23 0.12 70 & 76 0.40 0.41 0.93 0.31 66 NQ NQ NQ NQ 95 NQ NQ NQ NQ 91 ND ND ND ND

66 Table B2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Lower Crab Congener No. Willamette River Umatilla Creek Northport (101) (289) (411) (735) Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16 56 & 60 NQ NQ NQ NQ 92 0.12 NQ NQ NQ 84 NQ NQ NQ NQ 101 0.42 NQ NQ NQ 99 ND NQ ND NQ 119 ND ND ND ND 83 ND ND ND ND 97 NQ NQ ND NQ 87 0.13 NQ 0.36 NQ 136 ND ND ND ND 110 0.25 0.16 0.61 0.17 82 ND NQ ND ND 151 NQ NQ NQ NQ 135 & 144 & 124 NQ ND NQ ND 147 ND NQ ND ND 107 ND ND ND ND 123 & 149 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.12 118 NQ NQ NQ NQ 134 ND ND ND ND 114 NQ NQ NQ NQ 131 & 122 ND 0.66 ND 0.77 146 ND ND ND ND 153 ND ND ND ND 132 0.09 0.22 0.32 ND 105 NQ ND NQ ND 141 NQ ND NQ NQ 179 ND ND ND NQ 137 ND ND ND ND 176 ND ND ND ND 130 ND ND ND ND 138 NQ ND NQ ND 158 ND ND ND ND 129 ND ND ND ND 178 ND ND ND ND 182 & 187 ND ND ND ND 183 ND ND ND ND 128 ND ND ND ND 167 ND ND ND ND

67 Table B2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Lower Crab Congener No. Willamette River Umatilla Creek Northport (101) (289) (411) (735) Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16 185 ND ND ND ND 174 ND ND ND NQ 177 ND ND ND ND 171 & 202 ND ND ND ND 156 ND ND ND ND 173 ND ND ND ND 201 ND ND ND ND 157 ND ND ND ND 172 ND ND ND ND 197 ND ND ND ND 180 NQ NQ NQ ND 193 ND ND ND ND 191 ND ND ND ND 200 ND ND ND ND 170 & 190 ND ND ND ND 198 ND NQ ND ND 199 ND ND ND ND 196 & 203 ND ND ND ND 189 ND ND ND ND 208 & 195 ND ND ND ND 207 ND ND ND ND 194 ND ND ND ND 205 ND ND ND ND 206 ND ND ND ND 209 0.24 0.18 2.4 NQ Total quantiﬁed ortho-substituted PCBs 9.1 8.0 18. 7.2

68 Table B3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in picograms (10-12 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Lower Crab Congener No. Willamette River Umatilla Creek Northport (101) (289) (411) (735) Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16 37 34 77 35 53 81 NQ NQ ND NQ 77 10 11 ND 9.6 126 ND NQ NQ NQ 169 ND ND ND ND

69 Table B4. Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites] Lower Crab Willamette River Umatilla Creek Northport (101) (289) (411) (735) Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16 Hexachlorobenzene ND ND ND ND Pentachloroanisole NQ NQ ND NQ alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND ND Lindane ND NQ ND NQ beta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND ND Heptachlor 0.8 0.4 NQ 0.6 delta-hexachlorocyclohexane ND ND ND ND Aldrin ND ND ND ND Dacthal ND ND ND ND Oxychlordane NQ ND ND ND Heptachlor Epoxide ND ND ND ND trans-Chlordane 0.7 1.8 2.1 2.2 trans-Nonachlor 0.3 0.5 NQ 0.7 o,p’-DDE ND ND ND NQ cis-Chlordane 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.2 p,p’-DDE NQ NQ ND NQ Dieldrin NQ NQ NQ NQ o,p’-DDD ND ND ND ND Endrin ND ND ND ND o,p’-DDT ND NQ ND 0.4 cis-Nonachlor ND ND ND ND p,p’-DDD ND ND ND ND p,p’-DDT ND ND ND ND Methoxychlor ND ND ND ND Mirex ND ND ND ND

70 Table B5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks exposed during low-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries and procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified; shaded columns indicate tributary sites] Lower Crab Willamette River Umatilla Creek Northport (101) (289) (411) (735) Site 06 Site 10 Site 12 Site 16 Acenaphthylene ND ND ND 2 Acenaphthene ND ND ND NQ Fluorene ND NQ ND 5 Phenanthrene 20 26 30 24 Anthracene NQ ND NQ 2 Fluoranthene 10 7 13 11 Pyrene 9611 10 Benz[a]anthracene NQ 1 ND NQ Chrysene NQ 1 NQ 1 Benzo[b]fluoranthene ND ND ND ND Benzo[k]fluoranthene ND ND ND ND Benzo[a]pyrene ND ND ND ND Indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene ND ND ND ND Dibenz[a,h]anthracene ND ND ND ND Benzo[g,h,i]perylene ND ND ND ND

71 72 APPENDIX C Partition Coefﬁcients, Sampling Rates, and Equations used to Estimate Dissolved Concentrations of Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds During Low-Flow Conditions, 1997

73 74 values of the individual values ow K -dioxins and polychlorinated p ., 1998)]] ., 1993). et al et al . (1992); value for 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachloro congener was used to approximate value (Huckins et al ow K values for homolog totals were estimated from the average values = 0.3 ow K of PCB ﬁeld data (Meadows SPMD a K . (1997); et al -dioxin congeners were taken from Mackay p R values for other congeners were taken from Gale for other congeners were taken values ow K values of Hawker and Connell (1988) using the approximation of Hawker values b ow K

SPMD

K values for hexa- and heptachloro dibenzo- ow K + 20.7; ) ow . Partition coefficients and sampling rates used for estimating dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo- log(K values were estimated from values 2,3,7,8-Tetra 6.3 3.8 2,3,7,8-Tetra 5.6 5.5 , SPMD-water partition coefficient; R, sampling rate in liters per day, based on a linear regression R, sampling rate in liters per day, partition coefficient; , SPMD-water Congener No. log 1,2,3,7,8-Penta 6.8 2.6 1,2,3,7,8-Penta2,3,4,7,8-Penta 6.0 6.0 4.5 4.5 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 7.5 7.5 7.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 6.52,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa 6.5 6.5 6.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 = –2.5 congeners quantified. for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro congener; for 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro Total TetraTotal PentaTotal 6.3 HexaTotal 6.8 HeptaTotal 3.8 Octa 2.6 7.5 7.5 0.8 7.7 0.8 0.3 Total TetraTotal PentaTotal 5.6 6.0 HexaTotal 5.5 Hepta 4.5 Total Octa 6.5 6.6 3.3 7.1 2.9 1.8 SPMD SPMD R 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.5 0.8 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 6.9 6.4 2.3 3.6 K a K Polychlorinated dioxins: Polychlorinated Polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated b dibenzofurans during low-flow and high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 1998 Table C1 [

75 Used Equation R a

SPMD

K Congener No. Log -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow

ortho Used Equation values were obtained from Environmental Science Center Syracuse Research Corporation ow K ., 1998); see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] R et al ., 1993); a et al

SPMD

K (Huckins ow K = 0.3 SPMD K Congener No. Log Used Equation R values using the approximation ow K a

SPMD

K . Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of 6 4.5 12.9 (1) 63 5.6 5.3 (3) 105 6.1 4.0 (3) 19182625 4.531 4.728 5.153 5.3 5.151 9.3 5.122 5.8 5.1 (1)45 5.8 5.1 (1)46 7.1 5.1 (3)52 8.4 5.1 (3)43 4.9 5.0 (3)49 4.9 5.0 74 (3)47 5.8 5.3 66 (3)48 8.0 5.2 95 (3)44 4.4 5.3 91 (3) 5.742 6.2 5.3 92 (3) 5.741 6.2 5.3 84 (3) 5.664 5.3 5.2 101 6.2 (3) 5.640 7.5 5.2 99 5.3 (3) 5.867 3.6 5.2 119 6.2 (3) 5.5 7.5 5.4 (3) 5.9 83 4.4 (3) 6.2 5.1 (3) 97 5.3 (3) 5.9 6.2 5.7 (3) 6.1 87 4.4 (3) 7.5 136 6.2 (3) (3) 5.7 6.7 110 (3) 4.4 (3) 5.8 5.3 141 4.4 (3) 82 (3) 5.8 179 (3) 151 5.7 4.9 (3) 137 107 (3) 6.0 4.4 (3) 176 (3) 6.3 118 5.3 5.7 130 6.2 134 5.3 (3) 6.1 138 6.3 114 5.8 (3) 6.2 158 4.9 6.2 146 (3) 6.2 4.4 129 2.2 (3) 6.3 153 5.3 6.0 178 3.6 (3) 6.3 5.3 6.1 (3) 6.5 183 2.2 4.9 (3) 6.4 (3) 128 4.0 (3) 6.2 4.9 6.4 (3) 6.6 174 4.9 (3) 4.4 177 3.6 (3) (3) 6.7 4.9 156 (3) 3.6 (3) 6.2 3.6 3.1 (3) 201 (3) 6.6 (3) 157 6.6 3.1 (3) 172 (3) 6.7 4.4 (3) (3) 180 3.1 6.7 199 3.1 (3) 6.7 207 2.7 (3) 6.8 194 (3) 6.8 1.8 (3) 2.7 7.1 (3) 1.3 7.2 2.7 (3) 7.3 (3) 1.8 (3) 0.3 (3) 1.3 (3) (3) (3) values were estimated from , SPMD-water partition coefficient; R, sampling rate in liters per day, based on field data (Meadows R, sampling rate in liters per day, partition coefficient; , SPMD-water Congener No. Log on-line database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm). SPMD SPMD K K and high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 1998 Table C2 Table [ a

76 ., 1998); see Appendix A for general chemical et al -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during low-flow and

ortho values were obtained from Environmental Science Center Syracuse Research Corporation -substituted PCB ﬁeld data (Meadows ow K ortho of a ., 1993); et al (Huckins ow K = 0.3 SPMD K R values using the approximation ow K b

SPMD

K . Partition coefficients and sampling rates used for estimating dissolved concentrations of non- values were estimated from , SPMD-water partition coefﬁcient; R, sampling rate in liters per day, based on a linear regression R, sampling rate in liters per day, partition coefﬁcient; , SPMD-water 37 81 77126 5.3169 5.8 5.8 6.4 6.2 6.9 4.9 4.9 3.6 2.3 on-line database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm). SPMD SPMD Congener No. log K K high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 and 1998 Table C3 [ structures of congeners] a

77 Used Equation (102) R Hayden Island Hayden —— — —— — —— — —— — —— — (3)(3)(4) 3.1(4) 5.0 (3) 1.2 (3) 0.9 (4) (4) (1)(1) 1.2(3) (1) (3) 3.3(3) 3.3 (1) (3) 3.2 (3) (3) 3.5 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) (3) 6.2 (3) (1) 2.9 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) (3) 4.0 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) (3) 2.9 (3) (1) 3.5 (3) (3) 4.4 (3) 3.9 (3) 4.9 (1) (3) Used Equation (—) Site 08 Site 07 3.6 4.9 1.4 1.1 1.8 3.6 3.1 2.8 3.7 2.8 6.9 4.0 3.3 4.9 4.3 3.0 3.8 5.6 6.2 5.0 R Johnson Creek — — — — — d related transformation — — — — — (3) (1) (4) (4) (1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (1) (3) Used Equation (101) Site 06 5.6 9.5 2.7 1.7 1.9 8.3 6.1 5.7 6.3 6.1 5.2 5.5 7.8 4.5 4.9 6.3 5.6 4.5 7.6 R — — — — — 10.5 Willamette River — — — — (3) (3) (4) (4) (3) (3) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Used Equation butaries); R, temperature-dependent sampling rate in liters per day, butaries); (87) Site 05 Lake River Lake 2.6 5.1 0.9 0.7 3.6 0.6 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.8 5.5 1.8 3.3 3.1 2.2 2.8 3.1 3.2 1.5 4.7 R — — — — Used Equation (82) R Columbia City Used Equation (69) Longview R Used Equation (54) R Beaver Army Terminal Beaver Used Equation (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood R a ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available] ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary log 3.3 2.73.3———————— (4)3.6———————— 2.7 (4) 2.7 (4) 2.7 (4) SPMD

K et al . Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides an , SPMD-water partition coefﬁcient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tri site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefﬁcient; , SPMD-water hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor 5.7 5.8 6.1 5.7 (3) (3) 6.1 5.7 (3) (3) 6.1 5.7 (3) (3) 6.1 5.7 (3) (3) hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane -DDE-DDD 6.0-DDT 10.5 (3) 10.5 5.5 (3) 6.4 6.3 10.5 5.6 (3) (3) (3) 6.3 10.5 5.6 (3) (3) (3) 6.3 5.6 (3) (3) 6.3 5.6 (3) (3) -DDE-DDD-DDT 5.5 6.3 (3) 5.4 6.3 5.5 6.3 (3) (3) 4.5 6.3 5.5 (3) (3) (3) 4.5 6.3 5.5 (3) (3) (3) 4.5 5.5 (3) (3) 4.5 (3) Chlordane 5.6Nonachlor 6.1 (3) 6.1 5.6 (3) 4.9 6.1 (3) (3) 4.9 6.1 (3) (3) 4.9 (3) 4.9 (3) SPMD K Pentachloroanisolealpha- Lindanebeta- 4.9 9.5 (1)Oxychlordane 3.2 9.5 1.7 (1) (4) 9.5 — 1.7 (1)Dieldrin — (4)Endrin 9.5 — 1.7 (1) — (4) — 1.7Methoxychlor 4.9Mirex (4) — 5.2 4.7 — (3) 7.8 — 5.2 4.6 (1) (3) — 4.5 7.8 6.4 5.2 (1) (1) 7.6 (3) 4.5 7.8 (3) 5.2 (1) (1) 7.6 (3) 4.5 7.8 (3) (1) (1) 7.6 4.5 (3) (1) 7.6 (3) Hexachlorobenzene 5.2 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) 5.6 (3) Heptachlordelta- AldrinDacthalHeptachlor Epoxidetrans- 5.6trans- —o,p’ cis- 4.5 6.0p,p’ — 3.9 — 8.3 — 1.9o,p’ (1) — (1) —o,p’ 8.3cis- — 1.9 —p,p’ (1)p,p’ (1) — — 8.3 — 1.9 — (1) (1) — — 8.3 1.9 — (1) (1) — products during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 Table C4 Table [ based on laboratory data (Huckins

78 Used Equation (735) Northport R d related —— — —— — —— — —— — —— — (3)(3)(4) 3.6(4) 4.9 (3) 1.4 (3) 1.1 (4) (4) (1)(1) 1.8(3)(3) (1) 3.6(3) 3.1(3) (1) 2.8(3) (3) 3.7(3) (3) 2.8(3) (3) 6.9(1) (3) 4.0(3) (3) 3.3(3) (3) 4.9(3) (3) 4.3(3) (1) 3.0(1) (3) 3.8(3) (3) 5.6 (3) 6.2 (3) 5.0 (1) (3) Used Equation (468) Site 15 Site 16 3.6 4.9 1.4 1.1 1.8 3.6 3.1 2.8 3.7 2.8 6.9 4.0 3.3 4.9 4.3 3.0 3.8 5.6 6.2 5.0 R — — — — — Wenatchee River Wenatchee — — — — — (3) (1) (4) (4) (1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (1) (3) Used Equation butaries); R, temperature-dependent sampling rate in liters butaries); (411) Site 12 5.6 9.5 2.7 1.7 1.9 8.3 6.1 5.7 6.3 6.1 5.2 5.5 7.8 4.5 4.9 6.3 5.6 4.5 7.6 R — — — — — 10.5 Lower Crab Creek Crab Lower Used Equation values were obtained from Environmental Science Center Syracuse Research Corporation (388) ow K R Vernita Bridge Vernita ., 1993); —— — —— — —— — —— — —— — (3)(1)(4) 3.6(4) 4.9 (3) 1.4 (3) 1.1 (4) (4) (1)(1) 1.8(3)(3) (1) 3.6(3) 3.1(3) (1) 2.8(3) (3) 3.7(3) (3) 2.8(3) (3) 6.9(1) (3) 4.0(3) (3) 3.3(3) (3) 4.9(3) (3) 4.3(3) (1) 3.0(1) (3) 3.8(3) (3) 5.6 (3) 6.2 (3) 5.0 (1) (3) et al Used Equation (335) Site 11 Site 14 Yakima River Yakima 5.6 9.5 2.7 1.7 1.9 8.3 6.1 5.7 6.3 6.1 5.2 5.5 7.8 4.5 4.9 6.3 5.6 4.5 7.6 R (Huckins — — — — — 10.5 ow K = 0.3 Used Equation SPMD (289) K Umatilla R Used Equation (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale R ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available] ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary et al a values using the approximation ow log 3.33.3———— 1.2 (4)3.6———— 2.7 (4)

SPMD K K . Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides an values were estimated from , SPMD-water partition coefﬁcient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tri site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefﬁcient; , SPMD-water hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor 5.7 5.8 3.3 3.2 (3) (3) 6.1 5.7 (3) (3) hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane -DDE-DDD-DDT 6.0 6.2 (3) 10.5 5.5 6.4 (3) 3.5 4.4 (3) (3) 6.3 5.6 (3) (3) -DDE-DDD-DDT 5.5 3.5 (3) 5.4 6.3 3.3 6.3 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) 5.5 (3) 4.5 (3) ChlordaneNonachlor 5.6 3.3 (3) 5.6 6.1 (3) 2.9 (3) 4.9 (3) on-line database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm). SPMD SPMD K K Pentachloroanisolealpha- Lindanebeta- 4.9 5.0Oxychlordane (3) 3.2 9.5 0.9 (1) (4) —Dieldrin 1.7 —Endrin (4) — —Methoxychlor 4.9Mirex — 2.9 4.7 (3) 4.0 4.6 5.2 (3) 3.9 (3) 7.8 6.4 (1) (1) 4.9 4.5 (3) (1) 7.6 (3) Hexachlorobenzene 5.2 3.1 (3) 5.6 (3) Heptachlordelta- AldrinDacthalHeptachlor Epoxidetrans- trans- 5.6o,p’ —cis- 4.5p,p’ 6.0 3.9 — 3.3o,p’ — 1.2 — (1)o,p’ — (1)cis- — 8.3p,p’ —p,p’ 1.9 (1) (1) — a transformation products during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued [ Table C4 Table based on laboratory data (Huckins per day,

79 Used Equation (102) ing low-flow R Hayden Island Hayden (1)(1)(1) 1.9(1) 2.5 (4) (3) 2.4 (1) (3) 3.7 (1) (3) 3.3 (1) (3) 4.5 (3) (3) 5.2 (3) (3) 3.6 (3) (3) 4.6 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) (3) 3.7 (3) (3) 3.9 (3) (3) 3.8 (3) 2.8 (3) 2.2 (3) (3) Used Equation (—) Site 08 Site 07 1.4 2.3 1.7 3.4 3.6 4.6 5.2 3.6 5.1 3.4 4.0 4.3 4.2 3.3 2.4 R Johnson Creek (1) (1) (1) (1) (3) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Used Equation (101) Site 06 1.6 2.4 2.3 4.0 3.7 5.9 6.6 4.6 6.3 3.5 5.1 5.0 4.5 3.2 2.5 R Willamette River butaries); R, temperature-dependent sampling rate in liters per day, butaries); (4) (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Used Equation (87) Site 05 Lake River Lake 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.9 3.0 4.3 5.1 3.6 4.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.3 2.3 1.9 R Used Equation (82) R Columbia City Used Equation (69) Longview R Used Equation (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver R Used Equation (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood R ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, no value available.] sites; —, no value ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary et al a log

SPMD

K ]pyrene — 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3) 4.5 (3)

cd Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds dur ]perylene — 2.5 (3) 2.5 (3) 2.5 (3) 2.5 (3) ]anthracene — 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) 3.2 (3) ]fluoranthene]pyrene — 3.5 — (3) 5.0 3.5 (3) (3) 5.0 3.5 (3) (3) 5.0 3.5 (3) (3) 5.0 (3) ]fluoranthene — 5.1 (3) 5.1 (3) 5.1 (3) 5.1 (3) a,h , SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tri site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , SPMD-water

]anthraceneb —k a 4.6 (3)g,h,i 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3) 4.6 (3)

a SPMD K AcenaphtheneFluorenePhenanthreneAnthracene 4.1FluoranthenePyrene 2.4 4.5Benz[ 4.2Chrysene (1) 4.7 4.0 2.3Benzo[ 4.7Benzo[ 2.4 (1) 3.7 (1) 5.9Benzo[ — (1) (3)Indeno[1,2,3- 4.0 (1) 2.3 —Dibenz[ 6.6 2.4 (1) 3.7 (1)Benzo[ 5.9 6.3 (3) (1) (3) 4.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 6.6 2.4 (1) 3.7 (1) 5.9 6.3 (3) (1) (3) 4.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 6.6 (1) 3.7 (1) 5.9 6.3 (3) (3) (1) (3) 6.6 6.3 (3) (3) Acenaphthylene 3.6 1.6 (1) 1.6 (1) 1.6 (1) 1.6 (1) based on laboratory data (Huckins Table C5. [ conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997

80 Used Equation (735) Northport R bon compounds during low-flow (1)(1)(1) 1.4(1) 2.3 (1) (3) 1.7 (1) (3) 3.4 (1) (3) 3.6 (1) (3) 4.6 (3) (3) 5.2 (3) (3) 3.6 (3) (3) 5.1 (3) (3) 3.4 (3) (3) 4.0 (3) (3) 4.3 (3) (3) 4.2 (3) 3.3 (3) 2.4 (3) (3) Used Equation (468) Site 15 Site 16 1.4 2.3 1.7 3.4 3.6 4.6 5.2 3.6 5.1 3.4 4.0 4.3 4.2 3.3 2.4 R Wenatchee River Wenatchee butaries); R, temperature-dependent sampling rate in liters per day, butaries); (1) (1) (1) (1) (3) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Used Equation (411) Site 12 1.6 2.4 2.3 4.0 3.7 5.9 6.6 4.6 6.3 3.5 5.1 5.0 4.5 3.2 2.5 R Lower Crab Creek Crab Lower Used Equation (388) R Vernita Bridge Vernita (1)(1)(1) 1.4(1) 2.3 (1) (3) 1.7 (1) (1) 3.4 (1) (3) 3.6 (1) (3) 4.6 (3) (3) 5.2 (3) (3) 3.6 (3) (3) 5.1 (3) (3) 3.4 (3) (3) 4.0 (3) (3) 4.3 (3) (3) 4.2 (3) 3.3 (3) 2.4 (3) (3) Used Equation (335) Site 11 Site 14 Yakima River Yakima 1.6 2.4 2.3 4.0 3.7 5.9 6.6 4.6 6.3 3.5 5.1 5.0 4.5 3.2 2.5 R Used Equation (289) Umatilla R Used Equation (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale R ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, no value available.] sites; —, no value ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary a et al . (1999). log

SPMD et al

K ]pyrene — 3.8 (3) 4.5 (3)

cd ]perylene — 2.2 (3) 2.5 (3) . Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocar ]anthracene — 2.8 (3) 3.2 (3) ]fluoranthene]pyrene — 3.3 — (3) 3.9 3.5 (3) (3) 5.0 (3) ]fluoranthene — 3.7 (3) 5.1 (3) a,h values from Huckins values , SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tri site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , SPMD-water

]anthraceneb —k a 3.6 (3)g,h,i 4.6 (3)

a SPMD SPMD K K AcenaphtheneFluorenePhenanthreneAnthracene 4.1FluoranthenePyrene 2.5 4.5Benz[ 4.2Chrysene (1) 4.7 3.7 2.4Benzo[ 4.7Benzo[ 2.4 (1) 3.3 (1) 4.5Benzo[ — (1) (3)Indeno[1,2,3- 4.0 (3) 2.3Dibenz[ — 5.2 (1) 3.7Benzo[ (1) 5.9 4.6 (3) (3) (1) (3) 6.6 6.3 (3) (3) Acenaphthylene 3.6 1.9 (4) 1.6 (4) conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997—Continued Table C5 Table [ based on laboratory data (Huckins a

81 82 APPENDIX D Suspended and Dissolved Organic Carbon During Low-Flow Conditions, 1997

83 84 Table D1. Organic carbon measured during low-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1997 [mg/L, milligrams per liter; shaded cells indicate duplicate-sample pairs] Suspended Dissolved Site Data-Collection Organic Organic Site Name Number Date Carbon Carbon (mg/L) (mg/L) Phase 1 Deployment Bradwood 01 08/04/1997 0.5 2.2 09/08/1997 0.4 1.7 Beaver Army Terminal 02 08/04/1997 0.6 2.0 08/20/1997 0.6a 1.9a 08/20/1997 0.5a 1.8a 09/08/1997 0.3 1.7 Longview 03 08/05/1997 0.6 2.0 09/09/1997 0.3 1.7 Columbia City 04 08/05/1997 0.7 1.9 09/09/1997 0.4 1.6 Willamette River 06 08/06/1997 0.6 1.4 08/19/1997 0.6a 1.4a 09/10/1997 0.3 1.3 09/10/1997 0.5 1.3 Johnson Creek 08 08/06/1997 0.5 1.4 09/10/1997 0.4 1.4 Umatilla 10 09/15/1997 0.3 1.7 Yakima River 11 08/11/1997 1.2 2.1 09/15/1997 0.5 1.8 09/15/1997 0.5 2.0 Lower Crab Creek 12 08/11/1997 1.9 4.1 09/16/1997 0.3 4.0 Snake River 13 08/14/1997 0.4a 1.8a 08/14/1997 0.4a 1.7a 09/18/1997 0.5a 1.8a Vernita Bridge 14 08/12/1997 0.4a 1.8a Wenatchee River 15 08/13/1997 0.5 0.8 09/16/1997 0.3 0.9 Northport 16 08/20/1997 0.2a 1.3a Phase 2 Deployment Warrendale 09 10/29/1997 <0.2a 1.4a adata collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Stream Quality Accounting Network Program (Hubbard et al., 1998).

85 86 APPENDIX E Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds Accumulated in Field Blanks During High-ﬂow Conditions, 1998

87 Table E1. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in picograms (10-12 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; NR, not reported; shaded columns indicates tributary site] Beaver Army Vernita Terminal Willamette River Bridge (54) (101) (388) Site 02 Site 06 Site 14

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins:

2,3,7,8-Tetra NR NR NR Total Tetra NR NR NR 1,2,3,7,8-Penta NR NR NR Total Penta NR NR NR 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa NR NR NR Total Hexa NR NR NR 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta NR NR NR Total Hepta NR 1.8 NR Octa NR 6.1 NR

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans:

2,3,7,8-Tetra NR NR NR Total Tetra NR NR NR 1,2,3,7,8-Penta NR NR NR 2,3,4,7,8-Penta NR NR NR Total Penta NR NR NR 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa NR NR NR 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa NR NR NR Total Hexa NR NR NR 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta NR NR NR 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta NR NR NR Total Hepta NR NR NR Octa NR NR NR

88 Table E2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded column indicates tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Beaver Army Congener No. Terminal Willamette Rivera Vernita Bridge (54) (101) (388) Site 02 Site 06 Site 14 4 & 10 NR NR NR 7 &9 NR 0.51 0.08 6NRNR NR 5 & 8 0.91 NR NR 19 NR NR NR 18 NR 0.84 NR 17 &15 NR 0.46 NR 24 & 27 NR NR NR 16 & 32 NR 0.53 NR 29 NR NR NR 26 NR 0.12 NR 25 NR 0.16 NR 31 & 28 NR 1.4 NR 20 & 33 & 53 NR ≥ 0.77 NR 51 & 22 NR ≥0.31 NR 45 0.64 0.14 NR 46 NR NR NR 52 NR 0.99 NR 43 & 49a NR 0.76 NR 47 & 48 NR 0.68 NR 44 NR 0.72 NR 42 NR 0.25 NR 41 & 64 NR 0.66 NR 40 0.66 NR NR 67 NR NR NR 63 NR NR NR 74 NR 0.17 NR 70 & 76 NR 0.47 NR 66 & 95 NR NR NR 91 NR NR NR 56 & 60 NR 0.11 NR 92 NR 0.13 NR 84 NR NR NR 101 NR 0.43 NR

89 Table E2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Continued [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded column indicates tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Beaver Army Congener No. Terminal Willamette Rivera Vernita Bridge (54) (101) (388) Site 02 Site 06 Site 14 99b 4.7 NR NR 119 NR NR NR 83 NR NR NR 97 NR NR NR 81 & 87 0.52 ≥0.16 0.60 85 NR —NR 136 NR NR NR 110 NR 0.27 NR 82 NR NR NR 151 NR NR NR 135 & 144 & 124 NR NR NR 147 & 107 NR NR NR 123 & 149 NR 0.17 NR 118 NR 0.21 NR 134 NR NR NR 114 & 131 & 122 0.78 NR 1.0 146 NR NR NR 153 & 132 & 105 NR ≥0.16 NR 141 & 179 NR NR NR 176 & 130 & 137 NR NR NR 138 & 158 NR NR NR 129 & 178 0.52 NR 0.79 182 & 187 NR NR NR 183 NR NR NR 128 NR NR NR 167 NR NR NR 185 NR NR NR 174 NR NR NR 177 NR NR NR 171 & 202 & 156 NR ≥0.12 NR 173 & 201 & 157 NR NR NR 172 & 197 NR NR NR 180 & 193 NR ≥0.19 NR 191 NR NR NR 200 0.04 NR 0.05 170 & 190 NR NR NR

90 Table E2. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Continued [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantiﬁed; shaded column indicates tributary sites; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Beaver Army Congener No. Terminal Willamette Rivera Vernita Bridge (54) (101) (388) Site 02 Site 06 Site 14 198 NR NR NR 199 NR NR NR 196 & 203 NR NR NR 189 0.1 NR NR 208 & 195 NR NR NR 207 0.07 NR 0.09 194 NR NR NR 205 NR NR NR 206 NR NR NR 209 NR 0.14 NR Total quantiﬁed ortho-substituted PCBs 9.0 ≥12. 2.6 a Suspected interference. b Interference from target pesticides or surrogate compound.

91 Table E3. Non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in picograms (10-12 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; NR, not reported; shaded column indicates tributary site; —, no value available; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] Beaver Army Congener No. Terminal Willamette River Vernita Bridge (54) (101) (388) Site 02 Site 06 Site 14 37 — 51. — 81 NR NR NR 77 6.7 9. 8.7 126 NR NR NR 169 NR NR NR

92 Table E4. Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; NR, not reported; shaded column indicates tributary sites] Beaver Army Terminal Willamette River Yakima River Vernita Bridge (54) (101) (335) (388) Site 02 Site 06 Site 11 Site 14 Hexachlorobenzene 2. NR 6. NR Pentachloroanisole NR NR NR NR alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane NR NR NR NR Lindane NR NR NR NR beta-hexachlorocyclohexane NR NR NR NR Heptachlor NR 0.7 NR NR delta-hexachlorocyclohexane NR NR NR NR Aldrin NR NR NR NR Dacthal NR NR NR NR Oxychlordane NR NR NR NR Heptachlor Epoxide NR NR NR NR trans-Chlordane 3. 2. NR 4. trans-Nonachlor NR 0.7 NR 5. o,p’-DDE NR NR NR NR cis-Chlordane 3. 2. NR NR p,p’-DDE NR NR NR 3. Dieldrin NR NR NR NR o,p’-DDD NR NR NR NR Endrin NR NR NR NR o,p’-DDT NR NR NR NR cis-Nonachlor NR NR NR NR p,p’-DDD NR NR NR 2. p,p’-DDT NR NR NR 2. Methoxychlor NR NR NR NR Mirex NR NR NR NR

93 Table E5. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in field blanks exposed during high-flow deployment and retrieval of SPMDs in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10-9 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural background contamination; NR, not reported; shaded columns indicate tributary sites] Beaver Army Terminal Willamette River Yakima River Vernita Bridge (54) (101) (335) (388) Site 02 Site 06 Site 11 Site 14 Naphthalene 80. 72. 120. 70. Acenaphthylene NR NR NR NR Acenaphthene 20. 4. NR NR Fluorene 20. 6. NR NR Phenanthrene 50. 24. 70. 30. Anthracene 20. NR 80. 30. Fluoranthene NR 11. NR 20. Pyrene NR 15. NR NR Benz[a]anthracene NR NR NR NR Chrysene NR NR NR NR Benzo[b]ﬂuoranthene NR NR NR NR Benzo[k]ﬂuoranthene NR NR NR NR Benzo[a]pyrene NR NR NR NR Indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene NR NR NR NR Dibenz[a,h]anthracene NR NR NR NR Benzo[g,h,i]perylene NR NR NR NR

94 APPENDIX F Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds Accumulated in SPMDs During High-Flow Conditions, 1998

95 96 c (102) Island Hayden 4.8 NR (—) NRNRNRNR NR NR 3.2 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NRNRNR 1.8 NRNR NR NR NR NR 6.0 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 27.45. NR NR 15. 5.9 Creek 110. NR Site 08 Site 07 Johnson RD [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [22] grams) per SPMD, are corrected for -12 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 15. (101) Site 06 e; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shown sites; RD value, e; shaded columns indicate tributary Willamette River d in picograms (10 Duplicates 7.1 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 12. 9.0 c 2.3 (82) Columbia City c (69) Longview [—] 2.1 ] a c 4.2 (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver c Duplicates RD 4.9 -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia p c (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood -dioxins:

p . Polychlorinated dibenzo- Total HeptaTotal 7.2 6.1 5.7 [6] NR 8.6 Total TetraTotal 14. 30. 24. [22] 8.5 17. Total TetraTotal PentaTotal 11. HexaTotal 1.6 13. 2.2 4.9 14. 3.2 4.9 [7] PentaTotal [37] NR NR NR HexaTotal 1.7 [—] 17. HeptaTotal 11. NR NR NR 7.0 NR 4.2 NR [44] NR NR 5.0 NR [—] 10. [—] NR NR NR NR 1,2,3,7,8-Penta1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa NR NR1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta NR NR NR 3.9 NR NR NR NR2,3,4,7,8-Penta NR [—]1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa NR [—]1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa [—] NR NR2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa NR [—] NR NR1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta NR NR1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 0.7 NR NR NR NR NR Octa NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 4.2 NR NR [—] NR NR NR [—] NR [—] NR NR NR [—] [—] NR [—] NR NR [—] NR 0.8 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR NR Octa1,2,3,7,8-Penta NR NR NR NR NR NR [—] [—] NR NR NR NR 2,3,7,8-Tetra NR NR NR2,3,7,8-Tetra [—] 2.9 NR NR 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa NR NR NR [—] NR NR Polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated Polychlorinated dibenzo- Polychlorinated Table F1 concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below (when applicable) and for procedural ﬁeld-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no valu surrogate recoveries between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative in brackets, River Basin, 1998

97 (102) Island Hayden 1.343.2 NQ 0.814.1 2.6 4.6 1.0 NQ 0.63 0.57 NQ 7.82.3 0.26 2.221.6 2.2 0.99 0.35 NQ 8.44NQ NQ 7.15.43.35.9 0.82 2.6 4.4 NQ NQ 4.2 0.48 2.34.5 NQ NQ NQ 8.1 NQ a 10. NQ b 3014 1.8 2.2 1126.6 0.94 0.97 1221 2.9 1.7 (—) NDNDNDND NQ NQ NQ NQ ND NQ ND 0.3 NQ NQ ≥ Creek Site 08 Site 07 Johnson grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries [7] [8] [2] [4] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] -9 [14] [10] [27] [23] [22] [21] [20] [13] [12] [26] [20] [12] RD 2.2 0.90 1.5 1 0.11 1.1 0.64 0.43 3.5 1.44 2.1 0.97 0.41 0.37 0.37 0.58 3.4 0.5 0.48 0.6 1.1 2.2 0.88 ≥ ≥ ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ ; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shown in shown sites; RD value, shaded columns indicate tributary ; —, no value; (101) Site 06 d in nanograms (10 Willamette River Duplicates 1.8 0.83 1.5 1.3 0.93 1 0.49 0.34 2.8 1.17 0.79 0.38 0.57 0.52 0.42 0.53 0.85 1.8 0.78 ≥ ≥ ≥ ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ City (82) Columbia (69) Longview ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] a (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver Duplicates RD (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 NQ b NQ b NQ b [—] NQ b NQ b NQ a NQ a NQ a [—] NQ a NQ a -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1998 c d

Ortho 6 NQ 0.28 0.21 [29] NQ NQ 182926 2.725 NQ 4.145 NQ46 NQ NQ 4.4 1.044 5.1 NQ [7] NQ 0.86 0.9540 NQ 4.4 3.267 [—] NQ63 [5] 2.874 [15] NQ NQ 2.9 0.72 NQ 0.57 NQ NQ 4.2 NQ [—] NQ [—]92 0.85 19 2.684 NQ NQ 5.4 4.2 NQ NQ 2.1 [<1] 13 NQ NQ NQ NQ 0.90 NQ 2.6 [38] 2.1 [—] NQ [—] NQ [<1] NQ 7.2 4.0 NQ NQ NQ 2.0 NQ NQ NQ [—] [—] 2.2 NQ NQ NQ 4.2 42 2.491 3.2 3.1 NQ [3] NQ 2.0 0.97 2.8 [—] NQ NQ 19 1.1 2.2 1.852 [20] 0.85 4.3 1.4 7.8 7.6 [3] NQ 6.1 99 101 3.2 4.8 4.6 [4] 2.1 4.1 119 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ . 7 & 95 & 8 NQ NQ NQ 4.0 NQ NQ [—] [—] NQ NQ NQ NQ 4 & 10 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 47 & 48 5.0 4.6 6.8 [39] 4.1 5.1 66 & 95 2.4 3.6 2.9 [22] 1.8 3.2 31 & 28 NQ 6.6 6.1 [8] NQ 5.1 17 & 1524 & 2716 & 32 1.6 NQ 1.151 & 22 2.6 NQ 2.3 2.2 NQ 0.54 2.1 [17] [—] 1.141 & 64 [9] 2.1 NQ 0.94 1.3 1.5 3.570 & 76 NQ [16] 1.3 56 & 60 4.5 0.53 2.0 4.4 0.89 NQ 2.9 [2] NQ 2.5 2.9 NQ [15] 3.5 [—] 1.7 NQ 2.9 NQ 43 & 49 20 & 33 53 NQ 2.6 2.3 [12] NQ 1.7 Congener No. Bradwood Table F2 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below (when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified (when applicable) and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative brackets,

98 nued (102) Island Hayden 7.7 1.2 0.222.1 NQ NQ 2NQ 5.32.4 0.59 8.9 NQ 4.25.5 NQ 2.849.8 2.3 NQ 9.80.27 0.66 NQ 1.5 1.3 NQ 7.1 NQ 9.1 0.50 NQ 1.51.30.35 NQ NQ 2.52NQ 0.96 1.03 NQ 0.56 1.22.1 NQ 0.63 NQ 0.53 NQ 0.10 —NQ ≥ ≥ ≥ 13 NQ 22.2 NQ (—) ND NQ ND NQ ND NQ NDND NQ NQ NQNQ 1.6 NQ NQ NQ Creek Site 08 Site 07 Johnson grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries [7] [5] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] -9 [15] [75] [24] RD 0.19 0.77 0.31 1.4 0.56 0.15 1.4 0.43 1 0.13 0.28 0.16 — ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ ; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shown in shown sites; RD value, shaded columns indicate tributary ; —, no value; (101) Site 06 d in nanograms (10 Willamette River Duplicates 0.81 0.30 0.48 0.33 1.3 0.41 0.22 — ≥ ≥ ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ City (82) Columbia (69) Longview ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] a (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver Duplicates RD (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Conti

Ortho 85 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 97 1.2 1.6 1.3 [21] NQ 1.5 82 1.6 1.2 1.2 [<1] 0.61 1.1 83 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 146 NQ NQ174 1.2 [—] NQ NQ200 0.44 NQ 0.27 NQ [48] NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 191 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 136 NQ NQ NQ [—]183 NQ NQ NQ 0.32 0.46199 [36] NQ NQ 0.28 NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 110151 6.3118134 1.6 7.1 2.3 2.0 NQ 8.0 2 2.5 [12] NQ128 NQ [14]167 2.6 NQ185 1.0177 6.4 [4] [—] NQ 1.2 NQ 1.5 NQ 1.3 NQ NQ 1.7 NQ NQ 2.2 NQ198 0.38 1.6 NQ [—] 0.26 [6] [—] NQ NQ [38] NQ 1.0 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 0.27 [—] NQ NQ . 81 & 87 1.4 2.3 1.9 [19] NQ 2.0 182 & 187 NQ NQ172 & 197 NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 180 & 193 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 138 & 158 2.5 4.7 4.0 [16] NQ 3.5 147 & 107123 & 149 1.8 NQ 0.70 1.1129 & 178 0.48 0.59 [37] NQ [60] 0.69 NQ NQ 0.63 NQ 2.4170 & 190 [—] NQ196 & 203 NQ NQ NQ 0.27 0.10 0.24 [12] 0.10 NQ [<1] NQ NQ NQ 141 & 179 NQ 1.1 0.98 [12] NQ 0.82 Congener No. Bradwood 135 & 144 124 1.6114 & 131 122 NQ153 & 132 105 NQ176 & 130 137 NQ 3.3 NQ NQ [—] 5.5 NQ NQ NQ 5.5 [—] NQ NQ 171 & 202 156173 & 201 157 [<1] NQ [—] NQ 0.75 NQ NQ 1.3 1.2 NQ 3.6 NQ 1.1 NQ [9] [—] 0.53 NQ 0.94 NQ Table F2 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below (when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified (when applicable) and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative brackets,

99 nued (102) Island Hayden 0.130.39 NQ NQ (—) NDND NQ ND NQ ND NQ NQ NQ NQ 341 34 Creek Site 08 Site 07 ≥ Johnson grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] -9 RD 34 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shown in shown sites; RD value, shaded columns indicate tributary ; —, no value; ≥ (101) Site 06 d in nanograms (10 Willamette River Duplicates 23 ND ND ND ND ND NQ NQ ≥ City (82) Columbia (69) Longview ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] a (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver Duplicates RD (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Conti

Ortho 194209 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ [—] NQ NQ NQ 189 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 206 NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ 207205 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] [—] NQ NQ NQ NQ . 208 & 195 NQ NQ 0.05 [—] NQ NQ -substituted PCBs 61 123 115 41 85 Congener No. Bradwood Sum of quantiﬁed

ortho Table F2 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below (when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified (when applicable) and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative brackets,

100 nued grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries -9 ; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shown in shown sites; RD value, shaded columns indicate tributary ; —, no value; (735) Northport d in nanograms (10 NQNQNQNQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQNQ 3.1 NQ 0.84 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQNQ 0.37 NQ NQNQ NQ NQNQ 2.0 NQ NQNQ 0.92 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 0.61 1.4 NQ NQ River (468) Site 15 Site 16 NQ b NQ b NQ a NQ a Wenatchee (388) Vernita Bridge Vernita Duplicates RD b ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] a 3.9 2.5 NQ [—] 3.6 4.5 3.8 [17] NQNQNQNQ NQNQ 0.15NQ 0.19 NQNQ 2.6 NQ NQNQ NQNQ NQNQ 1.1 [—] NQ NQ [—] NQ [—] NQ 1.2 NQ NQNQ [—] NQNQ 0.57 [—] NQ NQNQ NQNQ 5 [—] NQ 2.1 0.52 [—] NQ 1 [—] NQ [—] NQ [9] NQ 0.47 3.3NQ 5.1 [—] NQNQ 0.63 [41] NQ 0.33 [—] NQ 3.3 [45] 3.7NQ 2.9 [—] [35] NQ 3.1 NQNQ [32] NQ 2.4NQ NQ 2.3NQ 2.4 NQNQ 2.5 [32] NQNQ 3.4 [23] NQNQ 2.9 [25] NQNQ [—] NQ 1.8 [—] NQ 2.3NQ [—] 2 NQ 5.6 [33] NQ 3.7 [39] NQ NQ [37] [—] 6 [—] 2.5 [—] NQ [7] [39] [—] (324) Site 13 Site 14 NQ b NQ b NQ b [—] NQ a NQ a NQ a [—] Snake River Snake (289) Umatilla (141) Site 09 Site 10 NQ b NQ b NQ a NQ a -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Conti c d

Ortho 6 NQ 0.08 1918 NQ2926 2.425 NQ 2.8 0.0545 0.42 NQ4652 0.11 0.4 NQ NQ4442 0.41 3.740 NQ 67 0.54 63 2.174 3.5 1.4 NQ NQ91 2.3 NQ 1.3 92 0.64 4.3 84 NQ NQ NQ 1.0 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 99 119 NQ NQ 101 1.5 4.3 . 7 & 95 & 8 NQ NQ NQ NQ 4 & 10 NQ NQ 47 & 48 3.4 2.8 17 & 1524 & 2716 & 32 0.9 NQ31 & 28 NQ51 & 22 0.98 NQ 0.92 3.4 0.52 NQ 0.78 41 & 64 2.070 & 7666 & 9556 & 60 1.8 1.0 1.4 NQ 2.3 2.8 NQ 43 & 49 20 & 33 53 0.95 1.5 Congener No. Warrendale Table F2 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below (when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified (when applicable) and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative brackets,

101 nued grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries -9 ; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shown in shown sites; RD value, shaded columns indicate tributary ; —, no value; (735) Northport d in nanograms (10 6.8 NQ NQNQNQNQ NQ NQNQ 0.54 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQNQ 2.0 NQ NQNQ 1.2 NQ 0.65 0.63 NQ NQNQ 0.69 NQ NQNQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQNQ 1.2 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQNQ 0.68 NQ 0.66 NQ 0.05 NQ NQ NQ NQNQ 0.59 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 0.40 NQ NQ River (468) Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee (388) Vernita Bridge Vernita Duplicates RD b ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] a 0.90 1.72.75.05.7 10.73 3 NQ1.92.8 1.3 [52] 1.6 0.78 NQ NQ 0.92 NQ 0.93 NQ0.99 2.1 [—] 0.87 [—] NQ NQ [—] 3.8 [—] 1.63.0 [6] [—] NQ NQ [27] 0.92 1.94.0 NQ [—] NQ NQ 1.5 [—] NQ0.73 [—] 1.4 0.81 [—] 0.21 [7] 0.79 0.18 [3] NQ [—] NQNQNQ NQNQ 2.5 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQNQ [—] NQ [—] [—] NQ NQNQ NQ NQNQ 4.1 NQNQ 0.74 NQNQ [—] NQ NQ [—] NQNQNQ [—] NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ NQNQ NQNQ 0.2 [—] NQ 0.16 [—] NQNQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQNQ NQNQ [—] NQ NQNQ [—] NQ [—] NQ 0.19 NQ NQ [—] 0.09 [—] NQ [—] NQ [—] NQ [—] [—] [—] (324) Site 13 Site 14 Snake River Snake (289) Umatilla (141) Site 09 Site 10 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Conti

Ortho 978582 0.95 NQ 1.2 NQ 1.4 1.4 83 NQ NQ 136110151 NQ NQ118134 NQ 2.9 NQ 4.0 2.3 NQ 2.8 NQ 183128167185174177 0.69 NQ 2.3 NQ 0.07 NQ NQ 191 0.25 2.6 200 0.17 0.58 198 0.57 199 NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ 0.13 146 NQ NQ . 81 & 87 1.8 2.0 147 & 107123 & 149 1.3 1.0141 & 179 1.5 2.4 138 & 158129 & 178 NQ182 & 187 2.2 NQ NQ 1.2 2.4 1.6 NQ 172 & 197180 & 193 NQ170 & 190 NQ NQ NQ NQ 0.38 Congener No. Warrendale 135 & 144 124 NQ114 & 131 122 NQ 153 & 132 105 NQ176 & 130 137 NQ NQ 2.3 4.6 2.9 171 & 202 156173 & 201 157 0.90 NQ 1.1 NQ Table F2 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below (when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but not quantified (when applicable) and for procedural field-blank background contamination; ND, not detected; NQ, detected, but between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative brackets,

102 nued grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries -9 ical results ; —, no value; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, shown in shown sites; RD value, shaded columns indicate tributary ; —, no value; (735) Northport d in nanograms (10 719 NQNQNQNQNQ 0.23 NQ NQNQ 0.11 NQ NQ 0.25 NQ NQ NQ River (468) Site 15 Site 16 100 Wenatchee ⋅ - 2 ⁄ 2 2 V V – 1 + 1 V V ------() (388) = Vernita Bridge Vernita RD Duplicates RD b ; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] a 42 77 40 , is calculated as NQNQNQNQNQ 0.12 NQNQNQ 0.04 NQ NQNQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ NQ [—] NQ NQ [—] NQ [—] NQ [—] NQ [—] [—] [—] [—] (324) 2 Site 13 Site 14 V Snake River Snake and 1 V (289) Umatilla (141) Site 09 Site 10 -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Conti

Ortho 189207194205 NQ206209 NQ NQ 0.12 NQ NQ NQ NQ 0.13 NQ NQ NQ . 208 & 195 NQ 0.05 196 & 203 NQ 0.12 -substituted PCBs 47 68 Congener No. Warrendale are presented for informational purposes only. interference from target pesticides or surrogate compound. interference from target SPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analyt to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River at the Snake SPMD’s Sum of quantified Percent relative difference between two values, between two difference Percent relative suspected interference. a c d b

103 (102) Island Hayden 0.19 NR (—) NRNR — NR NR NR Creek 0.016 0.001 Site 08 Site 07 Johnson [2] grams) per SPMD, are corrected for [—] [—] [—] [—] RD -9 NR NR NR NR 0.042 e; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; RD value, e; shaded columns indicate tributary (101) ical results are presented for informational purposes only Site 06 d in nanograms (10 Willamette River 100 ⋅ Duplicates - 2 0.17 ⁄ NR NR NR 0.043 2 (388) 2 Northport V V – 1 + 1 V V ------() (82) = Columbia City RD (69) (388) Longview Vernita Bridge Vernita Duplicates RD ] a b 0.049 0.005 0.065 0.003 0.082 0.003 [23] [25] NR 0.001 — — — [—] — NRNR 0.004 0.005 NR [17] NR NR [—] NR (324) (54) Site 13 Site 14 Site 16 , is calculated as Terminal 2 Snake River Snake Beaver Army Beaver V Duplicates RD and 1 V (289) Umatilla (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1998

ortho 37 — — — [—] — — 169 NR NR NR [—] NR NR 126 0.002 0.004 0.003 [15] 0.002 0.003 81 77 0.003 0.052 0.004 0.086 0.003 0.076 [24] [12] NR 0.039 0.079 0.004 126169 0.002 NR 0.002 NR 81 NR NR 37 — — 77 0.037 0.039 . Non- Congener No. Bradwood SPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analyt to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River at the Snake SPMD’s Percent relative difference between two values, between two difference Percent relative a b Table F3 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below surrogate recoveries (when applicable) and for procedural field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no valu surrogate recoveries between duplicate pairs, in percent difference is relative in brackets, shown

104 (102) Island Hayden River Basin, 1998 5.32.2 NR 2.4 NR NR 8.5 NR 1.7 NR (—) NRNRNR NR NR NR NR NR 4. NR NRNRNR NR NR NR 15.18. NR NR 15.18.28. NR NR 17. NR 31. 6. 50. NR 15. 21. NR Creek 110. 4. 220.120. 35. 4. Site 08 Site 07 Johnson [3] RD [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [38] [40] [17] [12] [18] grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries -9 3.8 6.3 1.8 3.7 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 19. 15. 13. (101) Site 06 Willamette River icate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative difference is relative in brackets, shown sites; RD value, icate tributary Duplicates 5.6 1.5 3.8 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 13. 10. 11. d in nanograms (10 (82) Columbia City (69) Longview (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver Duplicates RD 4. NR NR [—] 3. 3. (39) NRNR NR NR NR NR [—] [—] NR NR NR NR Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood ] a Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor NR NR NR NR NR NR [—] [—] NR NR NR NR hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane -DDE-DDD-DDT 35. 60. 23. 55. NR 30. [9] NR 26. 31. NR [14] 31. [—] NR NR 21. NR -DDE-DDD-DDT NR NR 8. NR 9. 10. [—] 7. 9. NR 5. [11] NR [33] 6. NR 7. 7. ChlordaneNonachlor NR NR NR NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NR NR NR DacthalHeptachlor Epoxide NR NR NR NR NR NR [—] [—] NR NR NR NR Pentachloroanisolebeta- 11. 8. 8. [<1]Endrin 4. 17. NR NR NR [—] NR NR LindaneHeptachlordelta- AldrinOxychlordane NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR [—] [—] NR NRMethoxychlor NRMirex NR [—] [—] NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR [—] [—] NR NR NR NR Hexachlorobenzene NR NR NR [—] NR NR alpha- trans- trans- o,p’ cis- p,p’ Dieldrino,p’ o,p’ cis- p,p’ p,p’ 4. 3. 3. [<1] 4. 6. Table F4. concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below (when applicable) and for procedural and ﬁeld-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; shaded columns ind (when applicable) and for procedural ﬁeld-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; between duplicate pairs, in percent

105 (735) Northport NRNRNRNR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NRNR NR NR NR NR NR NR 3. NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 26. NR River (468) Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 14. a River Basin, (411) Creek Site 12 Lower Crab Lower c grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries -9 (388) Vernita River Vernita icate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative difference is relative in brackets, shown sites; RD value, icate tributary ical results are presented for informational purposes only. or first sample of duplicate pair. d in nanograms (10 [4][9] 99.[6] NR[6] 79.[2] NR 5. 56. [22] NR [—] NR 51. NR [—] [9] [—] RD Duplicates RD [—][—][—][—] NR[—] 4.[—] NR[—] NR NR[—] NR[—] NR NR NR[—] NR NR [—] [—] NR NR[—] [—] NR NR [—] [—] NR NR [—] [—] NR NR [—] [—] NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NR NR [—] [—] NR [—] NR [—] [—] NR [—] NR [—] [—] [—] NR [—] [—] NR NR NR NR [—] NR [—] NR [—] [—] [11] 17. NR [—] 100 ⋅ NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 90. 17. 15. 46. 58. - (335) 2 250. Site 11 Site 14 ⁄ 2 Yakima River Yakima 2 V V – Duplicates 1 + 1 V 7. NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 98. 19. 16. 49. 59. V 240. ------() = b RD 8. NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 38. 13. 92. 10. 10. 24. 38. (324) Site 13 Snake River Snake , is calculated as 2 V (289) Umatilla and 1 V NRNR NR NR NR 5. (141) Site 09 Site 10 ] Warrendale a . Organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbi hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor NR NR NR NR hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane -DDE-DDD-DDT 79. 68. 38. NR 32. NR -DDE-DDD-DDT NR NR 12. 4. 12. 6. ChlordaneNonachlor NR NR NR NR SPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analyt to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River at the Snake SPMD’s Percent relative difference between two values, between two difference Percent relative analyzed prior to final concentration step; minimum reporting limits were thus higher than f Second sample of duplicate pair was Pentachloroanisolealpha- Lindanebeta- Heptachlordelta- 4.AldrinDacthalOxychlordane 4. Heptachlor Epoxide NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NREndrin NR NR NR NR MethoxychlorMirex NR NR NR NR NR NR Hexachlorobenzene NR NR trans- trans- o,p’ cis- p,p’ Dieldrino,p’ o,p’ cis- p,p’ p,p’ 4. 4. 1998—Continued Table F4 concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below a b c (when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; shaded columns ind (when applicable) and for procedural field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; between duplicate pairs, in percent

106 (102) Island Hayden NRNRNR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR (—) 74.65.19. NR NR 34. NR NR Creek 380.690. NR 150. 290. 580.110. NR 50. NR Site 08 Site 07 2400. 180. Johnson [4] [5] [6] RD [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [—] [70] [62] [33] [42] [18] NR NR NR NR NR NR 95. 85. 40. 84. 35. 15. (101) 140. 380. 430. 480. Site 06 grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries -9 Willamette River Duplicates NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 42. 79. 290. 180. 530. 130. 360. 460. icate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative difference is relative in brackets, shown sites; RD value, icate tributary NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 70. (87) Lake River 400. 350. Site 05 City (82) Columbia (69) Longview (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver Duplicates RD ] a (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood ]pyrene NR NR NR [—] NR NR ]perylene NR NR NR [—] NR NR ]anthracene NR NR NR [—] NR NR . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1998 ]ﬂuoranthene]pyrene NR 60. NR 60. NR [<1] 70. NR [—] NR NR NR ]ﬂuoranthene NR 40. NR [—] NR NR 1,2,3,c,d a,h

]anthraceneb NRk a 100.g,h,i 80. [22] NR 40.

a AnthracenePyreneChrysene NRBenzo[ Benzo[ 360. NR 100. 710. NR 250. 680. [—] 230. [4] NR [8] 220. NR 60. 490. 110. Naphthalene NR NR NR [—] NR NR Benz[ Benzo[ Indeno[ Dibenz[ AcenaphthyleneAcenaphtheneFluorenePhenanthrene NR NRFluoranthene NR NR NR NR 430. NR NR 40. NR 960. [—] NR 40. [—] 860.Benzo[ NR [—] [<1] NR [11] NR NR NR NR 370. NR NR 380. (when applicable) and for procedural and ﬁeld-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; shaded columns ind (when applicable) and for procedural ﬁeld-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; between duplicate pairs, in percent Table F5 Table [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations, reported in nanograms (10

107 Continued (735) grams) per SPMD, are corrected for surrogate recoveries -9 Northport dicate tributary sites; RD value, shown in brackets, is relative difference is relative in brackets, shown sites; RD value, dicate tributary ical results are presented for informational purposes only d in nanograms (10 (388) Vernita Bridge Vernita 100 ⋅ - 2 ⁄ 2 2 V V – 1 + 1 V V [9] 310 290 [7] 230 RD Duplicates RD ------() [—][—][—] NR NR NR[—] NR NR NR NR[—] [—][—] [—][—] [—] NR NR NR [—] NR 80[—] NR NR [—] [—] NR NR[—] NR 60[—] NR NR NR [—] NR NR [29] NR NR [—] NR NR [—] NR [—] 40 NR NR [—] NR [—] NR [—] NR NR NR [22][11] NR NR NR NR [—] [—] NR NR [<1] 130 110 [17] 70 = RD 80 90 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 250 210 (335) Site 11 Site 14 Site 16 Yakima River Yakima Duplicates 90 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 100 280 230 , is calculated as 2 V and 1 V (289) Umatilla ] a (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale ]pyrene NR NR . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds accumulated in SPMDs during high-flow conditions the Columbia River Basin, 1998— ]perylene NR NR ]anthracene NR NR ]ﬂuoranthene]pyrene NR NR NR NR ]ﬂuoranthene NR NR 1,2,3,c,d a,h

]anthraceneb NRk a NR g,h,i

a SPMD’s at the Snake River site were periodically exposed to air due to fluctuating river stage and were thus compromised; analyt to air due fluctuating river site were periodically exposed River at the Snake SPMD’s AcenaphthyleneAcenaphtheneFluorene NR NRFluoranthene NR Benz[ 40 NR ChryseneBenzo[ 460Benzo[ NR Benzo[ 200 Indeno[ Dibenz[ 90Benzo[ 40 Naphthalene NR NR Pyrene 240 110 PhenanthreneAnthracene NR NR NR NR Percent relative difference between two values, between two difference Percent relative b Table F5 Table concentrations, reporte mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below (when applicable) and for procedural and field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; shaded columns in (when applicable) and for procedural field-blank background contamination; NR, not reported; —, no value; between duplicate pairs, in percent

108 APPENDIX G Estimated Dissolved Concentrations of Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds During High-ﬂow Conditions, 1998

109 ons are summarized in table C1; shaded col- (735) Northport sing equation (3) and are reported to one signiﬁcant digit, in (388) Bridge Vernita (289) Umatilla calculation is not available] ———— (141) Warrendale (102) Island Hayden -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River —————— —20604010020 —————— ——10——— —————— —————— —————— —10202010— —————— —————— —408010304 —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— 80 30 100 80 80 20

p 200————— (—) Creek Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Site 16 1,0002,000 — — — — — 300 Johnson 10,000 — — — — 6,000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 50 300 400 River (101) Site 06 Willamette City (82) Columbia (69) Longview (54) Army Beaver Terminal (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood -dioxins:

p grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients and sampling rates used in calculati -15 . Estimated dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo- Total TetraTotal PentaTotal 90 Hexa 20Total 100 30 — 200 100 — 200 TetraTotal — — PentaTotal 70 200 200 10 HexaTotal 50 70 100 HeptaTotal 30 — 70 — — — — — — — Total HeptaTotal 300 200 — 300 1,2,3,7,8-Penta1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa — —1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta — — — 100 — — — — — — — 2,3,4,7,8-Penta — — 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 200 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa —1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa — 5 —1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta — —1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta — — — — —Octa — — — — 5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2,3,7,8-Tetra — — — — 2,3,7,8-Tetra 20 30 10 10 1,2,3,7,8-Penta — — — — Octa — — — — 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa — — — — Polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated Polychlorinated dibenzo- Polychlorinated umns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was umns indicate tributary Table G1 [Numbers in parentheses below site namesfemtograms indicate (10 Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); dissolved concentrations were calculated u Basin, 1998

110 , (735) Northport —— —— —20 —— —— —— —2 —— —8 —— —— —— —— —— —— —3 —9 —— —— —— —— —3 —— —— —10 —— —6 —4 River (468) Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee (388) Bridge Vernita rted for individually quantified congeners, rted for individually he first sample of each duplicate pair was used he first sample of each duplicate pair was f congeners] (289) Umatilla (141) Warrendale (102) Island Hayden 312 23 6—— —— — ———— —— ——23 33 0.5 1 ——— —— ——— —— 0——— 10—— 20 10 1050 —— 20 10 —— 20 820—— — 10 —— 30—— 20 —— 10 830—— 6 —20—— 2 —— 80 8 6 20 —— 50—— 3 20 10 10 — 10—— — —— 30 410—— — 10 46060 40 20 6 —607102010 — 10 — 7 9 20 — 10 8 20 10 — 7 1008201020 100 8 7 20 20 (—) Creek Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Johnson 7 2 1 4 2 3 3 3 5 8 5 3 2 6 3 — — — — — — — — — — — — 10 River (101) Site 06 Willamette -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the City (82) ortho Columbia (69) Longview grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; partition coefficients, grams) per liter, -12 (54) Army Beaver Terminal (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood . Estimated dissolved concentrations of 92 — 83 97 — — — 8 — — 10 — — — 10 6 — 2 — — 19 18 26—534 25 10 45 10 46 52 20 — 44 20 — 42 8 40 6 30 20 20 67 — 10 63 10 — — 10 20 74 40 — — 91 20 — — 30 10 — — 84 — 80 10 10101 — 6 9 — 30 99 — 30 20 119 10 — — 10 — — 10 — 9 — 85 — — — —136 — 20110 10 — — 82 — — 10 —151 — — 30 118 — 30 20 — 10 — — 9 — 40 — 10 8 — 10 — — 10 4 — 30 5 8 7 8 10 Congener No. Columbia River Basin, 1998 to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table G2 Table concentrations are repo mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below and equations used to calculate dissolved concentrations are summarized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; t concentrations are summarized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary and equations used to calculate dissolved in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for general chemical structures o in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available;

111 , (735) Northport 070 —— —— —— —4 —— —— —— —— —5 River (468) Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee (388) Bridge Vernita rted for individually quantified congeners, rted for individually he first sample of each duplicate pair was used he first sample of each duplicate pair was f congeners] (289) Umatilla (141) Warrendale (102) Island Hayden 2—— —— 9—— —— 8—— —— 8— 3 3— ——— —— 10 51 20 —20—2 10 — 6 — — — — 5 — 2 2 1 (—) Creek 1,000 100 100 200 200 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Johnson 2 — — — — — — — — 70 River (101) Site 06 Willamette -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the City (82) ortho Columbia (69) Longview grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; partition coefficients, grams) per liter, -12 (54) Army Beaver Terminal (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood . Estimated dissolved concentrations of 134 — — — — 146183—3—3 128174 —177—3—2 199 —207 — —194 — — — 4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — PCBs 200 300 100 300 -substituted Congener No.

ortho Sum of quantiﬁed Columbia River Basin, 1998—Continued to one signiﬁcant digit, in picograms (10 Table G2 Table concentrations are repo mile (point of entry for tributaries); site names indicate Columbia River [Numbers in parentheses below and equations used to calculate dissolved concentrations are summarized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; t concentrations are summarized in table C2; shaded columns indicate tributary and equations used to calculate dissolved in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for general chemical structures o in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available;

112 ons are summarized in table C3; shaded col- sing equation (3) and are reported to one signiﬁcant digit, in (735) ilable; see Appendix A for general chemical structures of con- Northport (388) Bridge Vernita (289) Umatilla (141) Warrendale (102) Island Hayden 10.1 — 0.009 0.02 0.2 0.02 0.2 0.02 0.4 0.01 — ——— ——— — ———— ——— — — 0.02 — (—) Creek Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Site 16 Johnson 0.8 0.3 — — — River (101) -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 Site 06 Willamette

ortho City (82) Columbia (69) Longview (54) Army Beaver Terminal (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefﬁcients and sampling rates used in calculati -12 . Estimated dissolved concentrations of non- 81 77 0.02 0.3 0.02 0.5 — 0.2 0.02 0.5 126169 0.02 — 0.03 — 0.01 — 0.03 — 37 — — — — Congener No. geners] Table G3 Table [Numbers in parentheses below site namespicograms indicate (10 Columbia River mile (pointumns of indicate entry tributary for sites; tributaries); the dissolved ﬁrst concentrations sample were of calculated each u duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not ava

113 (735) Northport ia River Basin, —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —30 —— —— —— —— —— 100 — River (468) Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee grams) per liter, with estimated -12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 80 (411) Creek Site 12 Lower Crab (388) Bridge Vernita —— —20 —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— nt digit, in picograms (10 700200 — 200 100400 50 300 500 — River (335) Site 11 Site 14 1,000 500 Yakima (289) Umatilla dissolved concentrations are summarized in table H1; shaded columns indicate dissolved s not available] (141) Warrendale (102) Island Hayden ——— — ——— — ——— — ——— — ——— — ——— — ——— — ——— — ——— — ——— — ——— — 30 —80 — — — —20 — — — — (—) 200——— 600 20 20 20 100——— 100——— 200——— 200400 50500 100 — 200 100 40 300 40 300 Creek Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 2,000 — — — 2,000 40 40 30 1,000 200 400 300 Johnson — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 70 60 90 10 40 River (101) Site 06 1,000 Willamette City (82) Columbia (69) Longview (54) Army Beaver Terminal ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— ———— (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood . Estimated dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during high-flow conditions in the Columb hexachlorocyclohexane Chlordane Nonachlor hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane -DDE-DDD 200-DDT 300 200 200 200 300 — 200 -DDE -DDD-DDT 70 80 90 60 60 — 70 70 Chlordane Nonachlor Dieldrin 40 30 40 60 Hexachlorobenzene Pentachloroanisolealpha- Lindane beta- Heptachlor 60delta- Aldrin 50Dacthal Oxychlordane Heptachlor Epoxide 20trans- trans- 100 o,p’ cis- p,p’ o,p’ Endrin o,p’ cis- p,p’ p,p’ Methoxychlor Mirex Table G4 [Numbers in parentheses below site names sampling rates, and equations used to calculate absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; partition coefficients, indicate Columbia River mile (point used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation i sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was tributary of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported to one significa 1998

114 Table G5. Estimated dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 [Numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); concentrations are reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10-12 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations used to calculate dissolved concentrations are summarized in table H2; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available] Beaver Army Columbia Willamette Johnson Hayden Yakima Vernita Bradwood Terminal Longview City Lake River River Creek Island Warrendale Umatilla River Bridge Northport (39) (54) (69) (82) (87) (101) (—) (102) (141) (289) (335) (388) (735) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 05 Site 06 Site 08 Site 07 Site 09 Site 10 Site 11 Site 14 Site 16 Acenaphthylene — — — — — — ——— ———— Acenaphthene — — — — — 6,000 ——— ———— Fluorene — 800 — — — 3,000 — — 800 — 2,000 — — Phenanthrene — — — — — 6,000 4,000 — — — 4,000 — — Anthracene — — — — — 1,000 ——— ———— Fluoranthene 3,000 6,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 5,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Pyrene 2,000 4,000 1,000 3,000 2,000 3,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 600 500 800 400 Benz[a]anthracene — 800 — 300 — 300 1,000 — — — ——— Chrysene 600 2,000 400 800 400 600 4,000 300 600 200 — 500 300 Benzo[b]fluoranthene — 500 — — — — 1,000 — — — ——— Benzo[k]fluoranthene — 300 — — — — 600—————— Benzo[a]pyrene — — — — — — 500—————— Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene — — — — — — 200—————— Dibenz[a,h]anthracene — — — — — — ——— ———— Benzo[g,h,i]perylene — — — — — — 500——————

115 116 APPENDIX H Partition Coefﬁcients, Sampling Rates, and Equations used to Estimate Dissolved Concentrations of Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds During High-Flow Conditions, 1998

117 Used Equation (102) R Hayden Island Hayden d related transformation ——— ——— ——— ——— (3)(3) 3.1(4) 5.0(4) (3) 1.2 (3) 0.9(3) (4) (4) —(3) — 1.2(1)(3) (1) 3.3(3) 3.3(3) (1) 3.2(3) (3) 3.5(3) (3) 3.3(3) (3) 6.2(3) (3) 2.9(3) (3) 3.3(3) (3) 4.0(3) (3) 3.3(3) (3) 2.9(3) (3) 3.5(3) (3) 4.4(3) (3) 3.9 (3) 4.9 (1) (3) Used Equation (—) Site 08 Site 07 R — — — — Johnson Creek 2.6 5.1 0.9 0.7 3.6 0.6 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.8 5.5 1.8 3.3 3.1 2.2 2.8 3.1 3.2 1.5 4.7 — — — — (3) (3) (4) (4) (3) (3) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Used Equation butaries); R, temperature-dependent sampling rate in liters per day, butaries); (101) Site 06 R — — — — 2.6 5.1 0.9 0.7 3.6 0.6 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.8 5.5 1.8 3.3 3.1 2.2 2.8 3.1 3.2 1.5 4.7 Willamette River Used Equation (82) R Columbia City Used Equation (69) Longview R Used Equation (54) R —————— —————— —————— Beaver Army Terminal Beaver Used Equation (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood R a ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available.] ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary log 3.3 1.23.3———————— (4)3.6———————— 1.2 (4) 1.2 (4) 1.2 (4) SPMD

K et al . Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides an , SPMD-water partition coefﬁcient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tri site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefﬁcient; , SPMD-water hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor 5.7 5.8 3.3 3.2 (3) (3) 3.3 3.2 (3) (3) 3.3 3.2 (3) (3) 3.3 3.2 (3) (3) hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane -DDE-DDD 6.0-DDT 6.2 (3) 6.2 5.5 (3) 6.4 3.5 4.4 6.2 (3) (3) (3) 3.5 4.4 6.2 (3) (3) (3) 3.5 4.4 (3) (3) 3.5 4.4 (3) (3) -DDE-DDD-DDT 5.5 3.5 (3) 5.4 3.5 3.3 6.3 (3) (3) 3.3 3.5 3.3 (3) (3) (3) 3.3 3.5 3.3 (3) (3) (3) 3.3 3.3 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) Chlordane 5.6Nonachlor 3.3 (3) 3.3 5.6 (3) 2.9 3.3 (3) (3) 2.9 3.3 (3) (3) 2.9 (3) 2.9 (3) SPMD K HeptachlorAldrinDacthalHeptachlor Epoxide 5.6 — 4.5 6.0 — 3.9 3.3 — 1.2 (1) — (1) 3.3 1.2 (1) (1) 3.3 1.2 (1) (1) 3.3 1.2 (1) (1) Pentachloroanisolealpha- Lindanebeta- 4.9delta- 5.0 (3)Oxychlordane 3.2 5.0 0.9 (3) (4) 5.0 — 0.9Dieldrin (3) — (4) 5.0Endrin — 0.9 (3) (4) 0.9Methoxychlor 4.9Mirex (4) 2.9 4.7 (3) 4.0 2.9 4.6 (3) (3) 3.9 4.0 6.4 2.9 (1) (3) 4.9 (3) 3.9 4.0 (3) 2.9 (1) (3) 4.9 (3) 3.9 4.0 (3) (1) (3) 4.9 3.9 (3) (1) 4.9 (3) Hexachlorobenzene 5.2 3.1 (3) 3.1trans- (3)trans- o,p’ 3.1cis- (3)p,p’ 3.1o,p’ (3) o,p’ cis- p,p’ p,p’ products during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 Table H1 Table [ based on laboratory data (Huckins

118 Used Equation (735) Northport R d related transformation ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— (3)(3)(4) 3.1(4) 5.0 1.2 (3) 0.9 (3) (4) (4) (1)(1) 1.2(3)(3) 3.3 (1) (3) 3.3(3) 3.2 (1) (3) 3.5 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) (3) 6.2 (3) (3) 2.9 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) (3) 4.0 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) (3) 2.9 (3) (1) 3.5 (3) (3) 4.4 (3) 3.9 (3) 4.9 (3) (1) (3) Used Equation (468) Site 15 Site 16 R — — — — — 3.1 5.0 1.2 0.9 1.2 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3 6.2 2.9 3.3 4.0 3.3 2.9 3.5 4.4 3.9 4.9 Wenatchee River Wenatchee — — — — — (3) (1) (4) (4) (1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (1) (3) Used Equation butaries); R, temperature-dependent sampling rate in liters per day, butaries); (411) Site 12 R — — — — — 5.6 9.5 2.7 1.7 1.9 8.3 6.1 5.7 6.3 6.1 5.2 5.5 7.8 4.5 4.9 6.3 5.6 4.5 7.6 10.5 Lower Crab Creek Crab Lower Used Equation values were obtained from Environmental Science Center Syracuse Research Corporation (388) ow K R Vernita Bridge Vernita ., 1993); ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— (3)(3)(4) 3.1(4) 5.0 1.2 (3) 0.9 (3) (4) (4) (1)(1) 1.2(3)(3) 3.3 (1) (3) 3.3(3) 3.2 (1) (3) 3.5 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) (3) 6.2 (3) (1) 2.9 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) (3) 4.0 (3) (3) 3.3 (3) (3) 2.9 (3) (1) 3.5 (3) (3) 4.4 (3) 3.9 (3) 4.9 (3) (1) (3) et al Used Equation (335) Site 11 Site 14 Yakima River Yakima R (Huckins — — — — — 3.6 4.9 1.4 1.1 1.8 3.6 3.1 2.8 3.7 2.8 6.9 4.0 3.3 4.9 4.3 3.0 3.8 5.6 6.2 5.0 ow K = 0.3 Used Equation SPMD (289) K Umatilla R Used Equation (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale R a values using the approximation ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available.] ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary ow log 3.3 1.23.3 (4) —3.6 1.4 — — (4) — — — — — SPMD K

K et al . Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of organochlorine pesticides an values were estimated from , SPMD-water partition coefﬁcient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tri site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefﬁcient; , SPMD-water hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor 5.7 5.8 3.3 3.2 (3) (3) 3.1 2.8 (3) (3) hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane -DDE-DDD-DDT 6.0 6.2 (3) 6.9 5.5 6.4 3.5 (3) 4.4 (3) (3) 3.8 5.6 (3) (3) -DDE-DDD-DDT 5.5 3.5 (3) 5.4 3.3 3.7 6.3 (3) (3) 3.3 3.3 (3) (3) 4.3 (3) ChlordaneNonachlor 5.6 3.3 (3) 2.8 5.6 (3) 2.9 (3) 3.0 (3) on-line database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm). SPMD SPMD K K Heptachlordelta- AldrinDacthalHeptachlor Epoxide 5.6 — 4.5 6.0 3.9 — 3.3 — 1.2 — (1) — (1) — 3.6 — 1.8 (1) (1) — Pentachloroanisolealpha- Lindanebeta- 4.9 5.0Oxychlordane (3) 3.2 4.9 0.9 (3) (4) —Dieldrin 1.1 —Endrin (4) — —Methoxychlor 4.9Mirex — 2.9 4.7 (3) 4.0 4.6 4.0 (3) 3.9 (3) 4.9 6.4 (1) (1) 4.9 6.2 (3) (1) 5.0 (3) Hexachlorobenzene 5.2 3.1 (3) 3.6trans- trans- (3) o,p’ cis- p,p’ o,p’ o,p’ cis- p,p’ p,p’ a products during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Continued [ Table H1 Table based on laboratory data (Huckins

119 Used Equation (102) R Hayden Island Hayden (4)(1) 1.9(1) 2.5(1) (4) 2.4(3) (1) 3.7(3) (1) 3.3(3) (1) 4.5(3) (3) 5.2(3) (3) 3.6(3) (3) 4.6(3) (3) 3.3(3) (3) 3.7(3) (3) 3.9(3) (3) 3.8(3) (3) 2.8 (3) 2.2 (3) (3) Used Equation (—) Site 08 Site 07 bon compounds during R Johnson Creek 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.9 3.0 4.3 5.1 3.6 4.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.3 2.3 1.9 (4) (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Used Equation (101) Site 06 R 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.9 3.0 4.3 5.1 3.6 4.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.3 2.3 1.9 Willamette River butaries); R, temperature-dependent sampling rate in liters per day, butaries); (1) (1) (3) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Used Equation (87) Site 05 Lake River Lake R 1.4 2.3 1.7 3.4 3.6 4.6 5.2 3.6 5.1 3.4 4.0 4.3 4.2 3.3 2.4 Used Equation (82) R Columbia City Used Equation (69) Longview R Used Equation (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver R Used Equation (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood R ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available] ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary et al a log

SPMD

K ]pyrene — 3.8 (3) 3.8 (3) 3.8 (3) 3.8 (3)

cd ]perylene — 2.2 (3) 2.2 (3) 2.2 (3) 2.2 (3) . Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocar ]anthracene — 2.8 (3) 2.8 (3) 2.8 (3) 2.8 (3) ]fluoranthene]pyrene — 3.3 — (3) 3.9 3.3 (3) (3) 3.9 3.3 (3) (3) 3.9 3.3 (3) (3) 3.9 (3) ]fluoranthene — 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) 3.7 (3) a,h , SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tri site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , SPMD-water

]anthraceneb —k a 3.6 (3)g,h,i 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3) 3.6 (3)

a SPMD K AcenaphtheneFluorenePhenanthreneAnthracene 4.1FluoranthenePyrene 2.5 4.5Benz[ 4.2Chrysene (1) 3.7 4.7 2.4Benzo[ 4.7 2.5Benzo[ 3.3 (1) (1) 4.5Benzo[ — (1) (3) 3.7Indeno[1,2,3- 2.4 (3) —Dibenz[ 5.2 2.5 3.3 (1) (1)Benzo[ 4.5 4.6 (3) (1) (3) 3.7 2.4 (3) (3) 5.2 2.5 3.3 (1) (1) 4.5 4.6 (3) (1) (3) 3.7 2.4 (3) (3) 5.2 3.3 (1) (1) 4.5 4.6 (3) (3) (3) (3) 5.2 4.6 (3) (3) Acenaphthylene 3.6 1.9 (4) 1.9 (4) 1.9 (4) 1.9 (4) high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 based on laboratory data (Huckins Table H2 Table [

120 bon compounds during high-flow butaries); R, temperature-dependent sampling rate in liters per day, butaries); Used Equation (735) Northport R Used Equation (388) R Vernita Bridge Vernita (1)(1) 1.9(1) 2.5(1) (4) 2.4(3) (1) 3.7(3) 1.9 (1) 3.3(3) 2.5 (1) 4.5(3) (4) 2.4 (3) 5.2(3) (1) 3.7 (3) 3.6(3) (1) 3.3 (3) 4.6(3) (1) 4.5 (3) 3.3(3) (3) 5.2 (3) 3.7(3) (3) 3.6 (3) 3.9(3) (3) 4.6 (3) 3.8(3) (3) 3.3 (3) 2.8 (3) 3.7 (3) 2.2 (3) 3.9 (3) (3) 3.8 (3) (3) 2.8 (3) 2.2 (3) (3) Used Equation (335) Site 11 Site 14 Site 16 Yakima River Yakima R 1.4 2.3 1.7 3.4 3.6 4.6 5.2 3.6 5.1 3.4 4.0 4.3 4.2 3.3 2.4 Used Equation (289) Umatilla R Used Equation (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale R ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary sites; —, all information required for calculation is not available] ., 1999); shaded columns indicate tributary a et al . (1999). log

SPMD et al

K ]pyrene — 3.8 (3) 4.2 (3)

cd ]perylene — 2.2 (3) 2.4 (3) . Partition coefficients, sampling rates, and equations for estimating dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocar ]anthracene — 2.8 (3) 3.3 (3) ]fluoranthene]pyrene — 3.3 — (3) 3.9 3.4 (3) (3) 4.3 (3) ]fluoranthene — 3.7 (3) 4.0 (3) a,h values from Huckins values , SPMD-water partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tri site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , SPMD-water

]anthraceneb —k a 3.6 (3)g,h,i 3.6 (3)

a SPMD SPMD K K AcenaphtheneFluorenePhenanthreneAnthracene 4.1FluoranthenePyrene 2.5 4.5Benz[ 4.2Chrysene (1) 3.7 4.7 2.4Benzo[ 4.7 2.3Benzo[ 3.3 (1) (1) 4.5Benzo[ — (1) (3)Indeno[1,2,3- 3.4 1.7 (3)Dibenz[ — 5.2 3.6 (1) Benzo[ (1) 4.6 4.6 (3) (3) (3) (3) 5.2 5.1 (3) (3) Acenaphthylene 3.6 1.9 (4) 1.4 (1) conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Continued Table H2 Table [ based on laboratory data (Huckins a

121 122 APPENDIX I Estimated Total Concentrations of Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds During High-ﬂow Conditions, 1998

123 b (102) Hayden Island Hayden ——— ———— ——— 200——— 87% ——— ——— ———— ——— 20 57% ———— ——— 200——— 77% ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— 99% —99% — 99%99% — — — — —60% — 70 57% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (—) 2.90 2.60 200 Site 08 Site 07 20,000 100,000 200,000 Johnson Creek 2,000,000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 99% 99% 57% a are given in table J1); total concentrations were calculated a are given — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.60 (101) 100 Site 06 t sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all t sample of each duplicate pair was 30,000 50,000 Willamette River b (82) Columbia City (69) -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during high-flow conditions in p Longview grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, -15 l (54) Beaver Army Termina Beaver —— —— —— —— (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood 20,000 99% — — — — 20,000 99% a c c

Log K -dioxins:

p . Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo- Total TetraTotal PentaTotal 6.4 Hexa 6.9Total 700 88% HeptaTotal 400 96% 800 7.6 88% 600 20,000 7.6 TetraTotal 96% 99% — 30,000 20,000 — 99% 99% PentaTotal — 30,000 5.7 — 1,000 99% 87% — 200 — 6.1 — 60% — HexaTotal — — 20,000 99% 400 50 59% 40,000 79% HeptaTotal 99% 6.6 100 300 57% 78% 6.8 — — 200 100 57% 77% — — — 300 77% — — — — — — — — — — — , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon 1,2,3,7,8-Penta1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.91,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 7.61,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 7.6 — 7.6 —Octa — 7.6 — — — — —1,2,3,7,8-Penta —2,3,4,7,8-Penta — — 7.8 — —1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 6.1 —1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa — 6.11,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa — — —2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa — 6.6 — — — 6.6 — — — 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 6.6 — —1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta — — 6.6 — — — — — — — 7.0Octa — — 20 — 6.5 — — 78% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.2 — — — — — — — — — — 20 — — — — 77% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2,3,7,8-Tetra 6.4 — — —2,3,7,8-Tetra — — 5.7 — 40 — 60% — 60 59% 30 57% 30 57% oc K Polychlorinated dibenzo- Polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60 values are the average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon dat period (organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic of suspended plus dissolved are the average values using equation 5 and are reported to one significant digit, in femtograms (10 Table I1 Table [ information required for calculation is not available] concentrations indicate the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the firs concentrations indicate the percent of total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns tributary the Columbia River Basin, 1998

124 t of the total con- values for homolog totals were values ow K . (1997); et al ions were calculated using equation 5 and are reported , milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- values were taken from Gale were taken values tions; —, all information required for calculation is not available] ow K (735) Northport 2.20 1.65 (388) -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River p Vernita Bridge Vernita b (Karickhoff, 1981); except where noted otherwise, 1981); except (Karickhoff, ow (289) K Umatilla = 0.411 oc K ———— —— —— —— —— —— —— grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations indicate the percen (141) Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Site 16 Warrendale -15 values of the individual congeners quantiﬁed. of the individual values a c c ow

Log K et al -dioxins:

p . Estimated total concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo- values from Mackay values values were estimated using the approximation values Total TetraTotal PentaTotal 6.4 6.9 500 87% 300 96% 300 87% — — 600 85% — 100 81% — — — Total HexaTotal HeptaTotal 7.6 TetraTotal 7.6 — — PentaTotal — — 5.7 — — 300 6.1 — 57% HexaTotal — 400 — 200 77% Hepta —Total 57% — 6.6 — 60 200 77% — 53% 20,000 6.8 — — 99% — 100 30 74% 46% — — — 10 — 68% — — — — — — — — — — , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for tributaries); mg/L estimated from the average oc ow 2,3,7,8-Tetra1,2,3,7,8-Penta1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 6.41,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.91,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 7.6 — 7.6 — — 7.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HeptaOcta 7.6 2,3,7,8-Tetra1,2,3,7,8-Penta2,3,4,7,8-Penta 5.7 7.81,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa 6.11,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa 6.11,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa 50 —2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexa 57% 6.6 — — 6.6 — —1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta 6.6 —1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hepta 40 6.6 — 57% — — — 7.0 —Octa — — — 6.5 — — — — 30 — 53% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 600,000 — — 7.2 99% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — oc Approximation based on values from sites 3 and 9. Approximation based on values K K a b c K Polychlorinated dibenzo- Polychlorinated Polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60 to one significant digit, in femtograms (10 age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table J1); total concentrat Table I1 Table [ used in calcula sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary Basin, 1998—Continued

125 (102) Hayden Island Hayden ——— ——— — 3 27% ——— ——— 11%17%35% — 20 — 29% 16% 2 33% 45% —40% — 41% 1035% 10 43% 65% 38% —64% 30 — 65% 33% —62% — — 73% 6 — 57% — 63% 74% — — 75% 40 — 30 54% 68% 72% —70% — —66% 10 — 78% 68% 65% — — — — — — (—) 2.90 2.60 5 8 Site 08 Site 07 — — — — — 10 30 90 30 40 50 90 30 70 90 40 40 300 200 400 200 100 300 200 Johnson Creek — — — — — — — — — — are given in table J1); total concentrations were calculated are given tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 16% 33% 27% 43% 38% 33% 63% 59% 71% 54% 72% 72% 68% 64% 76% 63% 2.60 (101) 8 4 2 6 2 7 8 5 7 Site 06 — — — — — — — — — — 20 10 10 30 20 10 30 t sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all t sample of each duplicate pair was Willamette River (82) Columbia City (69) Longview grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, -12 (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River

ortho (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood a

Log K 26 5.3 — — 8 34% 4 33% 6 33% 97 5.9 30 70% 30 69% — — 30 68% 18 25 4.9 46 5.3 20 44 17% 42 5.1 — 40 30 — 67 5.4 17% 8 63 5.4 28% 74 40 5.3 20 20 91 35% 5.8 20 40% 16% — 92 5.8 40% — 84 5.8 — — — 30 —101 20 5.7 — 20 39% — 99 — 16% 6.0 30 40% — 100 —119 5.7 65% — 20 34% — 40 — 6.0 — 10 38% — — 33% 6.0 — 30 — 38% — 85 50 6.2 60 65% — 8 — 20 33% — 74% — 27% 110 — 20 38% — — — 20 — 82 — 38% — 5.9 — — 80 — 63% — — 73% — — — — 6.1 — — — 30 — 5.8 — — 30 — — — 100 63% — — — 72% 78% 30 — — — — — 65% — 200 — 70 — — — 60 78% 72% — — 20 54% 65% — — — — — — 10 — — 63% 100 — 76% 20 — 63% 19 4.6 45 10 52 11% 5.1 20 5.5 — 11% — 40 9 45% 10% — 60 — 10 44% 10% — — — 83 — — 50136 5.9 — 43% — 5.8 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6 4.7 — — 2 12% — — — — . Estimated total concentrations of Congener No. , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60 oc K Basin, 1998 carbon data period (organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic of suspended plus dissolved are the average values using equation 5 and are reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table I2 Table [ concentrations indicate the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the firs concentrations indicate the percent of total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns tributary see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] information required for calculation is not available;

126 (102) 300 Hayden Island Hayden ——— 84%87%81% 7090% 50 82% 95% 85% —87% — — 94% — — 93% — — 98% — — — — 99% — — — — — (—) 2.90 2.60 8 Site 08 Site 07 — 90 60 100 400 300 400 300 500 600 Johnson Creek 5,000 — — — — — — — — — — are given in table J1); total concentrations were calculated are given tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 93% 2.60 (101) Site 06 — — — — — — — — — — 30 200 t sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all t sample of each duplicate pair was Willamette River (82) Columbia City (69) Longview grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, -12 (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River

ortho (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood 500 1,000 300 700 a

Log K 118134146183 6.4128 6.2174 6.5 90177 6.8 87% —199 6.4 — —207 100 6.7 — — 86% 6.7 — — — 7.2 — — — 7.4 — 50 — — 60 — 85% — — 95% — — — — 60 — 90 — — 50 94% — — 85% 93% — — — — — — — — — — — — — 50 — — — 94% — — — — — 30 — — — 93% — — — — 194 7.4 — — — — — — — — 151 6.3 50 84% 70 83% 30 82% 50 82% . Estimated total concentrations of -substituted PCBs Congener No. Sum of quantified , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60ortho 2.60 oc K Basin, 1998—Continued carbon data period (organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic of suspended plus dissolved are the average values using equation 5 and are reported to one signiﬁcant digit, in picograms (10 Table I2 Table [ concentrations indicate the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the ﬁrs concentrations indicate the percent of total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns tributary see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] information required for calculation is not available;

127 indicate the percent of total con- on required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); J1); total concentrations were calculated using equation 5 and are reported (735) Northport ——— ——— ———— ——— 20——— 11% ———— — 3——— 19% ——— 10——— 28% ——— ——— ——— ————— 8——— 20 60% ——— 43% ——— ———— ——— 8— 57% ——— — 30 67% 30 75% 1.70 1.65 River (468) Site 15 Site 16 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Wenatchee (388) Vernita Bridge Vernita (289) Umatilla -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Continued

ortho (141) Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, Warrendale -12 a

Log K 6 4.7 — — 0.5 11% 1 9% 9 46——— —— 19 4.6—— 18 ——26 —— ——25 5.3—— —— 45 5.1—— 4.946 5.352 2044 16% 342 5.1 —— 33%40 —— 5.5 —— 2067 5.8—— —— 5.4 16% 363 3 5.8—— 5.4 30 —— 27%74 33% —— 5.3 10 43% —— 2091 5.7—— —— 10 38% 14% 92 4 6.0—— 38% — 30 484 27% 5.8 —— 10 43% 29% — —— 38% 999 6.0—— —— 8 4 40 38% 30 —— 5.7 63% 23% 20 38% 83 33% 5.9—— —— 34% 97 20 —— — 1085 34% 5.9—— — 63% — — 5.982 30 — 59% 20 — 68% 5.8 70 20 50% 20 68% 63% 30 20 64% 63% — — 101119 6.0 6.2 20136 72%110 — 60151 — 5.8 72% 6.1 — — 50 6.3 — — 68% — — 90 — — 82% — — — 100 — 82% — 60 30 — 73% 80% . Estimated total concentrations of Congener No. , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60 2.20 oc K general chemical structures of congeners] age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table carbon data are given period (organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic age of suspended plus dissolved to one significant digit, in picograms (10 centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all informati Table I2 Table [

128 indicate the percent of total con- on required for calculation is not available; see Appendix A for tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the aver- carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); J1); total concentrations were calculated using equation 5 and are reported (735) Northport 400 ———— ——— 20——— 79% ———— ——— 20——— 79% ——— — 200 98% (Karickhoff, 1981). (Karickhoff, ow K 1.70 1.65 River (468) 0 Site 15 Site 16 — — — — — — — — — — Wenatchee = 0.411 oc K (388) Vernita Bridge Vernita (289) Umatilla . (1998) using the approximation -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998—Continued et al

Log K 134146183128 6.2174 6.5177 6.8 —199 6.4 —207 — 100 6.7194 — 94% 6.7 — — 7.2 — — — 7.4 30 — — — 7.4 93% — — — — — — 200 — 70 70 — — — 99% 93% — — 93% 90 — — 200 — 98% — 20 20 99% 92% — — 92% 60 — 97% — — — 118 6.4 90 85% 100 85% 70 83% . Estimated total concentrations of -substituted PCBs 600 800 500 Congener No. Sum of quantified values were estimated from values , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon

Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60ortho 2.20 oc oc Value from high-flow deployment period. deployment from high-flow Value K from sites 3 and 4. Approximation based on values K general chemical structures of congeners] age of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given in table carbon data are given period (organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic age of suspended plus dissolved to one significant digit, in picograms (10 centration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all informati Table I2 Table [ a b c

129 b (102) 2.60 Hayden Island Hayden ——— ——— ——— 73%90% — 0.08 89% — (—) 2.90 4 1 Site 08 Site 07 — — — Johnson Creek — — — tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); 42% 71% ven in table J1); total concentrations were calculated using ven 2.60 (101) 1 0.9 Site 06 — — — t sample of each duplicate pair was used in calculations; —, all t sample of each duplicate pair was Willamette River (Karickhoff, 1981). (Karickhoff, ow K b (82) (735) 2.60 Northport = 0.411 oc Columbia City K (69) 2.20 1.65 (388) Longview Vernita Bridge Vernita grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, b -12 (54) (289) -substituted polychlorinated biphenyls during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 2.60 Umatilla

ortho Army Terminal Beaver (39) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60 (141) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Site 09 Site 10 Site 14 Site 16 Bradwood Warrendale values of Hawker and Connell (1988) using the approximation of Hawker values ow a a K

oc oc Log K Log K 81 77 6.0 6.0 0.06 73% 1 73% 0.08 72% 2 — 72% — 0.8 71% 0.09 71% 2 71% 126169 6.5 7.0 0.2 90% — — 0.3 90% — — 0.1 89% — 0.2 89% — — — 37 5.4 — — — — — — — — 37 81 77126 5.4169 6.0 6.0 — 6.5 — — 7.0 0.8 — 71% 0.2 89% — — — 0.8 — — 71% 0.2 — 89% — — 1 0.07 67% — — 0.2 67% 88% — — — — 0.07 84% — — — — — — . Estimated total concentrations of non- Congener No. Congener No. values were estimated from values , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon Organic Carbon (mg/L) Organic Carbon (mg/L) oc oc Approximation based on values from sites 3 and 9. Approximation based on values K K are the average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are gi period (organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic of suspended plus dissolved are the average equation 5 and are reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10 Table I3 Table [ sites; the firs concentrations indicate the percent of total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns tributary see Appendix A for general chemical structures of congeners] information required for calculation is not available; a b

130 indicate b (102) Hayden Island Hayden n the Columbia River Basin, ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— 1% — — 25% 30 23% 10%66%73%54% — — 60% — — 79% — — 23% — — 47% — 700 — 16% 78% 5088% 21% 100 44% 56% — — — — 400 53% — — — — — — — — — — — 40 20 (—) 2.90 2.60 300 800 400 500 200 500 300 Site 08 Site 07 2,000 6,000 3,000 3,000 1,000 Johnson Creek — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1% 23% 78% 21% 44% 53% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 20 80 2.60 tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); (101) in table J1); total concentrations were calculated using equation 5 100 300 100 Site 06 1,000 Willamette River te pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation te pair was b (82) Columbia City (69) Longview (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, -12 (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood a

oc 3.4 ——3.4 —— ——3.8 —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— Log K . Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during high-flow conditions i hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor 5.8 6.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon -DDE-DDD 6.1-DDT 800 79% 1,000 79% 5.6 6.5 700 400 78% 55% — — 700 600 78% 55% — — — — — 400 — 53% — — -DDE-DDD-DDT 5.6 — — 5.5 6.4 100 — 46% — 700 88% 200 46% — 500 — 88% 100 44% — — — 100 — 44% 500 87% Chlordane 5.7Nonachlor — — 5.7 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — oc K Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60 beta- Pentachloroanisolealpha- LindaneHeptachlor 5.1delta- AldrinDacthal 90 25%OxychlordaneHeptachlor Epoxide 3.3 5.7 60 24% — — — 4.6 6.1 — 30 — 4.0 23%Dieldrin — — — — — — 100 —Endrin — — 23% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —Methoxychlor 5.0Mirex — — — 4.8 — — 50 — — — — 23% — — — — 4.7 — — 40 — — 22% — — — — — — 6.5 — — 50 21% — — — — 80 — 21% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Hexachlorobenzene 5.3 — — —trans- —trans- o,p’ cis- —p,p’ —o,p’ —o,p’ — cis- p,p’ p,p’ the average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given carbon data are given period (organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic of suspended plus dissolved the average and are reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10 the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplica the percent of total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary is not available] Table I4 Table 1998 [

131 indicate (735) Northport n the Columbia River Basin, ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ———— ——— 100——— 81% ——— ——— 69% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.70 1.65 (468) 400 Site 15 Site 16 Wenatchee River Wenatchee — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 38% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.05 (411) 100 Site 12 tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); in table J1); total concentrations were calculated using equation 5 Lower Crab Creek Crab Lower te pair was used in calculations; —, all information required for calculation te pair was (388) Vernita Bridge Vernita values were obtained from Environmental Science Center Syracuse Research Corporation were obtained from Environmental values ow K ——— ———— ——— ——— 30 20% ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— 83%27%53% 2,000 75% 90% — 300 — 40% 61% 30092% 85% 1,000 49% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.65 2.20 (335) 400 Site 11 Site 14 6,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 4,000 Yakima River Yakima (Karickhoff, 1981); (Karickhoff, ow K b (289) = 0.411 Umatilla oc K grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, -12 (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale a

oc 3.4 ——3.4 —— —— 3.8 —— —— —— Log K values using the approximation values ow K . Estimated total concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and related transformation products during high-flow conditions i hexachlorocyclohexane ChlordaneNonachlor 5.8 6.0 — — — — — — — — hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane values were estimated from values , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon -DDE-DDD-DDT 6.1 2,000 78% 1,000 78% 5.6 6.5 700 53% — — 500 53% — — -DDE-DDD-DDT 5.6 — — 5.5 6.4 200 44% — — 300 87% 200 44% 300 87% ChlordaneNonachlor 5.7 — — 5.7 — — — — — — oc oc Approximation based on values from sites 3 and 9. Approximation based on values K K Hexachlorobenzene 5.3 — — — — Pentachloroanisolealpha- Lindanebeta- Heptachlordelta- 5.1AldrinDacthalOxychlordane 30 23%Heptachlor Epoxide 3.3 5.7 30 23% — — 4.6 — 6.1 — 4.0 —Endrin — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —Methoxychlor — — — — Mirex — 4.8 — 4.7 — — 6.5 — — — — — — — — — Dieldrin 5.0 50 21% 40 21% Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60 trans- trans- o,p’ cis- p,p’ o,p’ o,p’ cis- p,p’ p,p’ the average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period (organic carbon data are given carbon data are given period (organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic of suspended plus dissolved the average and are reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10 the percent of the total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary sites; the first sample of each duplica the percent of total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary is not available] Table I4 Table 1998—Continued [ a b on-line database (accessed October 20, 1998, at http://esc.syrres.com/~esc1/kowexpdb.htm).

132 b (102) Hayden Island Hayden indicate the percent of — —— — —— — —— — —— — —— — —— — —— 3% — — 11%10%34% 2,000 10% 34% 1,000 9% 66% — 500 — 31% 57% — — —88% — — — Basin, 1998 (—) 2.90 2.60 — — — — — — — Site 08 Site 07 5,000 5,000 2,000 6,000 3,000 1,000 4,000 20,000 Johnson Creek — — — — — — — 1% 2% 3% 3% 9% 10% 31% 31% 2.60 — — — — — — — (101) Site 06 500 800 7,000 3,000 6,000 1,000 3,000 3,000 Willamette River — — — — — — — — — — — — 12% 11% 35% tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); able J1; total concentrations were calculated using equation 5 and are (87) 3.10 — — — — — — — — — — — — Site 05 700 Lake River Lake 3,000 2,000 calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available] b (82) Columbia City (69) Longview (54) Terminal Beaver Army Beaver grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, -12 (39) Site 01 Site 02 Site 03 Site 04 Bradwood a

Log K ]pyrene — — — — — — — — —

cd ]perylene 6.4 — — — — — — — — . Estimated total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River ]anthracene — — — — — — — — — ]ﬂuoranthene]pyrene 5.8 — 5.7 — 2,000 — 65% — — — — — — — — — — — ]ﬂuoranthene — — — — — — — — — a,h

]anthraceneb k 5.2a — —g,h,i 1,000 33% — — 500 31%

a , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon oc K Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.85 2.80 2.60 2.60 Anthracene 4.1 — — — — — — — — AcenaphtheneFluorenePhenanthreneFluoranthene 3.5PyreneBenz[ 4.1 3.8 —Chrysene —Benzo[ 4.6 —Benzo[ — —Benzo[ — 3,000 — 4.6 11%Indeno[1,2,3- —Dibenz[ 5.2 800 — 2,000 7,000Benzo[ 11% 2% 10% — 1,000 — 33% — 3,000 5,000 10% 10% — — 2,000 — 33% — 3,000 1,000 10% — 9% — 600 — 31% — 3,000 — — 9% 1,000 31% Acenaphthylene — — — — — — — — — average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period; organic carbon data are given in t carbon data are given period; organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic of suspended plus dissolved average reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10 used in sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary Table I5 Table [

133 indicate the percent of Basin, 1998—Continued tributaries); mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic carbon values are the carbon values mg/L, milligrams per liter; organic tributaries); able J1; total concentrations were calculated using equation 5 and are (735) Northport calculations; —, all information required for calculation is not available] (Karickhoff, 1981). (Karickhoff, ow (388) K Vernita Bridge Vernita = 0.411 oc K — —— —— —— — —— — —— —— — —— —— — —— —— — —— — —— —— — —— —— 700 28%— —— —— — —— —— — —— 300 22% — —— 2%4% — — — — — — — — 14%13% 2,000 9% 800 8% 2,000 7% 400 6% 3.65 2.20 1.65 — — — — — — — — — — — (335) Site 11 Site 14 Site 16 600 3,000 4,000 2,000 Yakima River Yakima b (289) Umatilla . (1989) using the approximation et al grams) per liter, with estimated absolute error of approximately one order of magnitude; percentages following concentrations with estimated absolute error of approximately one order magnitude; percentages following grams) per liter, -12 (141) Site 09 Site 10 Warrendale values of Onuska values ow a K

Log K ]pyrene — — — — —

cd ]perylene 6.4 — — — — . Estimated total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River ]anthracene — — — — — ]ﬂuoranthene]pyrene 5.8 — 5.7 — — — — — — — ]ﬂuoranthene — — — — — a,h

]anthraceneb k 5.2a — —g,h,i — —

a values were estimated from values , organic-carbon partition coefficient; numbers in parentheses below site names indicate Columbia River mile (point of entry for site names indicate Columbia River numbers in parentheses below partition coefficient; , organic-carbon oc oc Approximation based on values from sites 3 and 9. Approximation based on values K K AcenaphtheneFluoreneFluoranthene 3.5PyreneBenz[ 3.8 —Chrysene —Benzo[ 4.6 800Benzo[ 2%Benzo[ 3,000 — 10% 4.6Indeno[1,2,3- — Dibenz[ — 5.2 1,000 2,000 10% — Benzo[ 9% 900 31% 700 9% 300 31% Organic Carbon (mg/L) 2.60 2.60 Acenaphthylene — — — — — PhenanthreneAnthracene 4.1 4.1 — — — — — — — — average of suspended plus dissolved organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure period; organic carbon data are given in t carbon data are given period; organic carbon measured during the SPMD exposure organic of suspended plus dissolved average reported to one significant digit, in picograms (10 used in sites; the first sample of each duplicate pair was total concentration that is sorbed; shaded columns indicate tributary Table I5 Table [ a b

134 APPENDIX J Suspended and Dissolved Organic Carbon During High-Flow Conditions, 1998

135 Table J1. Organic carbon measured during high-flow conditions in the Columbia River Basin, 1998 [mg/L, milligrams per liter; — not applicable; shaded cells indicate duplicate sample pairs] Suspended Dissolved Site Data-Collection Organic Organic Site Name Number Date Carbon Carbon (mg/L) (mg/L) Phase 1 Deployment Willamette River 06 01/15/98 0.60 2.40 02/10/98 0.30a 1.90a Johnson Creek 08 01/15/98 1.40 2.20 02/18/98 0.40 1.80 Equipment Blank — 01/15/98 0.20 0.30 Phase 2 Deployment Bradwood 01 05/19/98 0.50 2.40 05/19/98 0.50 2.30 Beaver 02 06/08/98 0.40a 2.40a Longview 03 05/21/98 0.20 2.40 Lake River 05 05/22/98 0.40 2.70 Warrendale 09 06/09/98 0.20a 2.40a Yakima 11 06/04/98 0.80 1.90 07/07/98 2.20 2.40 Crab Creek 12 06/03/98 2.50 3.40 07/07/98 2.60 3.60 Snake River 13 06/22/98 0.50a 2.20a 06/22/98 0.40a 2.10a 07/06/98 0.50a 2.40a Vernita 14 06/17/98 0.30a 1.90a Wenatchee 15 06/03/98 0.60 1.30 07/07/98 0.50 1.00 Northport 16 06/24/98 0.30a 1.40a 06/24/98 0.20a 1.40a Equipment Blank — 05/22/98 0.50 1.00 Equipment Blank — 06/23/98 0.20 0.30 aData collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Stream Quality Accounting Network Program (unpublished data, 1998).

136