DOCSLIB.ORG

Signature Redacted Signature of Author

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Signature Redacted Signature of Author Development of Sodium Silicate Adhesives for Electrical Steel Bonding by Jordan Marks Submitted to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science at the iASACHUSETTS WSTIN9, TECHNOLOGY Massachusetts Institute of Technology JUN 0 4 2014 June 2014 LIBRARIES ©2014 Marks All Rights Reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature redacted Signature of Author ............................................... J dan Marks Department of Materials Science and ngineering 2 May 2014 Signature redacted C ertified by ............................................ A7homas Eagar Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by ........................................... Signature redacted V I V/ Professor Jeffrey C. Grossman Undergraduate Committee Chairman Development of Sodium Silicate Adhesives for Electrical Steel Bonding by Jordan Marks Submitted to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering on 2 May 2014 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Materials Science and Engineering ABSTRACT Inorganic adhesives have several benefits over traditional joining methods for joining electrical steels used in magnetic cores of numerous industrial applications. As insulators with very high melting temperatures, the adhesives offer the possibility of increasing the efficiency of these machines. The aim of this project was to characterize sodium silicates as adhesives for such applications and develop methodology for their processing. The chemical and physical properties of the water-soluble sodium silicates were easily altered by changing the composition of Na2O, Si0 4, and water, offering a spectrum of properties to investigate. Several aspects of the electrical steel provided by POSCO were also investigated, including surface chemistry and microstructure due to processing of the steel sheets. Coating efficacy was evaluated based on the adhesive's ability to wet the substrate to form a uniform coating, as well as resistance to mechanical loads, including adhesion and flexural strain. Greater degree of alkalinity in the sodium silicates resulted in improved wetting, uniformity, adhesion, and flexural strain for the range of viscosities that supported these behaviors. The microstructure of the electrical steels influenced the interaction of the adhesive with the surface, but properties still improved with higher alkalinity. Firing parameters were used to alter the mechanical properties of the silicates, as well as to determine operability limits. The best mechanical properties occurred for those coupons fired between 600'C and 800*C. The efficacy did not degrade significantly with long exposure to high temperatures, offering promise for sodium orthosilicates as appropriate adhesives for the described applications. Further study of the environmental conditions under which the adhesives will be used, as well as full characterization of the insulating properties will allow the processes developed here to be scaled up for industrial use. Thesis Supervisor: Thomas Eagar Title: Professor of Materials Science and Engineering 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.1. Project M otivation and Background ............................................................................ 5 2. Theoretical Background ....................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Adhesion Fundam entals................................................................................................ 7 2.2. Adhesive Joint Design................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1. W ettability........................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2. Coating Unifom ity.............................................................................................. 10 2.2.3. Solidification to Increase Viscosity ..................................................................... 11 2.2.4. Pore M inim ization .............................................................................................. 12 2.3. Sodium Silicates............................................................................................................. 12 2.3.1. Inorganic Adhesives............................................................................................ 12 2.3.2. Sodium Silicates...................................................................................................... 12 2.4. Desired properties ....................................................................................................... 14 3. M ethods................................................................................................................................. 15 3.1. Coating W etting and Uniform ity................................................................................ 15 3.1.1. W etting .................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.2. Coating Application............................................................................................ 16 3.2. Processing Param eters................................................................................................. 16 3.2.1. Verification of Uniform ity.................................................................................. 17 3.3. M echanical Properties................................................................................................ 18 3.3.1. Cross Hatch Adhesion Tests............................................................................... 18 3.3.2. M andrel Tests...................................................................................................... 19 3.3.3. Three-Point Bending Tests ................................................................................. 19 3.4. Description of System s Tested.................................................................................... 20 4. Results and Analysis.......................................................................................................... 21 4.1. Contact Angle M easurem ents .................................................................................... 21 4.1.1. Degree of Alkalinity ........................................................................................... 22 4.1.2. Surface M orphology Effects ............................................................................... 23 4.1.3. Relative Surface Energies.................................................................................... 26 4.1.4. Analysis of Sessile Drop Method ........................................................................ 27 4.2. M icrostructure and adhesion ....................................................................................... 29 4.3. M echanical Tests........................................................................................................ 35 4.3.1. M andrel Tests...................................................................................................... 35 4.3.2. Three-Point Bending Tests ................................................................................. 37 4.3.3. Failure m odes...................................................................................................... 39 5. D iscussion and Conclusions.............................................................................................. 41 5. 1. Discussion: Sodium Silicates as Adhesives ................................................................... 41 5.2. Future W ork ................................................................................................................... 42 6. Biographical N otes............................................................................................................ 44 7. Acknow ledgm ents ............................................................................................................ 45 8. References ............................................................................................................................. 46 9. Appendix A ............................................................................................................................ 47 9.1. Developm ent of a Driving Profile............................................................................... 47 9.2. Surface Roughness M easurem ents............................................................................. 47 3 Table of Figures Figure 1. Layers of electrical steel separated by insulating layers ............................................. 5 Figure 2. Surface Tension brings the substrates together when joined with an adhesive........... 7 Figure 3. Actual Contact area between rough surfaces is significantly reduced. ........................ 8 Figure 4. Contact Angle Measurements provide a good indication of surface wettability........ 10 Figure 5. Non-uniformity of the surface due to different chemical potentials ............................. 11 Figure 6. Surface roughness should be designed to minimize the chance of crack
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sodium Silicate Crops
    Sodium Silicate Crops 1 Identification of Petitioned Substance 2 3 Chemical Names: CAS Numbers: 4 Sodium Silicate 1344-09-8 5 6 Other Name: Other Codes: 7 Sodium metasilicate; Sodium silicate glass; EPA PC code: 072603 (NLM, 2011a); European 8 Sodium water glass; Silicic acid, sodium salt; Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical 9 tetrasodium orthosilicate (IPCS, 2004) Substances (EINECS) Number: 215-687-4 (IPCS, 10 2004) 11 Trade Names: 12 Waterglass, Britesil, Sikalon, Silican, Carsil, 13 Dryseq, Sodium siloconate, Star, Soluble glass, 14 Sodium polysilicate (NLM, 2011a), N® - PQ 15 Corporation (OMRI, 2011) 16 Characterization of Petitioned Substance 17 18 Composition of the Substance: 19 The basic formula of sodium silicate is Na2O· nO2Si, which represents the components of silicon dioxide (SiO2) 20 and sodium oxide (Na2O) and the varying ratios of the two in the various formulations. This ratio is commonly 21 called the molar ratio (MR), which can range from 0.5 to 4.0 for sodium silicates and varies depending on the 22 composition of the specific sodium silicate. The structural formulas of these silicates are also variable and can be 23 complex, depending on the formulation, but generally do not have distinct molecular structures (IPCS, 2004). 24 The basic structure of soluble silicates, including sodium and potassium silicates, is a trigonal planar 25 arrangement of oxygen atoms around a central silicon atom, as depicted in Figure 1 below. Physical and 26 chemical properties of sodium silicate are summarized in Table 1, on page 2. 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Figure 1: Chemical Structure of Sodium Silicate (NLM, 2011a) 36 37 Specific Uses of the Substance: 38 39 Sodium silicate and other soluble silicates have been used in many industries since the early 19th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Optical Spectroscopy of Sodium Silicate Glasses
    Processing and Application of Ceramics 7 [3] (2013) 117–121 DOI: 10.2298/PAC1303117M Optical spectroscopy of sodium silicate glasses prepared with nano- and micro-sized iron oxide particles Behzad Mehdikhani1,2,*, Gholam Hossein Borhani2 1Standard Research Institute, Building and Construction Department, Karaj, Iran 2Malek-e-ashtar University of Technology, Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan, Iran Received 4 June 2013; received in revised form 27 July 2013; received in revised form 4 September 2013; accepted 7 September 2013 Abstract Wet chemical analysis and UV-VIS spectroscopy methods were used to determine the oxidation state of iron in Na2O·2SiO2 glasses, containing 0.3 mol% of Fe2O3 . The oxidation state of iron in the sodium silicate glasses was varied by changing the size of iron oxide particles used for preparation of glass batches and the melting temperature. In sodium silicate glasses iron commonly exists as an equilibrium mixture of ferrous ions, Fe2+, and ferric ions Fe3+. The increase of the melting temperature led to the transformation of ferric ions to ferrous ions. It was also shown that in the glasses prepared from nano-sized iron oxide particles the Fe2+/Fe3+ equilib- rium ratio is lower (i.e. smaller amount of ferrous ions were formed) comparing to that in the glasses prepared from micro-sized iron oxide particles. Keywords: sodium silicate glass, iron oxide, UV-VIS spectroscopy, wet chemical analysis I. Introduction tant in adjusting the transmittance of glass in the wave- Iron in glasses exists as equilibrium between the yel- length regions of UV, visible light and IR [6]. The pres- low ferric ion, Fe3+, and the blue ferrous ion, Fe2+.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Adding Silica Particles on Certain Properties of Resin‑Modified Glass‑Ionomer Cement
    Published online: 2019-09-23 Original Article Effects of adding silica particles on certain properties of resin‑modified glass‑ionomer cement Nayef H. Felemban1, Mohamed I. Ebrahim2 1Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia, Correspondence: Dr. Nayef H. Felemban 2Department Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Email: [email protected] Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of incorporation of silica particles with different concentrations on some properties of resin‑modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC): Microleakage, compressive strength, tensile strength, water sorption, and solubility. Materials and Methods: Silica particle was incorporated into RMGIC powder to study its effects, one type of RMGIC (Type II visible light-cured) and three concentrations of silica particles (0.06, 0.08, and 0.1% weight) were used. One hundred and twenty specimens were fabricated for measuring microleakage, compressive strength, tensile strength, water sorption, and solubility. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests were used for measuring significance between means where P ≤ 0.05. Results: RMGIC specimens without any additives showed significantly highest microleakage and lowest compressive and tensile strengths. Conclusion: Silica particles added to RMGIC have the potential as a reliable restorative material with increased compressive strength, tensile strength, and water sorption but decreased microleakage and water solubility. Key words: Class V, glass-ionomer, microleakage, silica particle, teeth restoration INTRODUCTION acquire chemical adhesion and antibacterial properties from GICs, but from resin composites, RMGICs Incorporation of photopolymerizable components into acquire many properties such as setting behavior, conventional acid‑base mixture leads to formation of good mechanical properties, and wear resistance.[2] hybrid materials named resin‑modified glass ionomer.
    [Show full text]
  • Product Stewardship Summary Liquid Sodium Silicates
    Product Stewardship Summary Liquid Sodium Silicates Summary Sodium silicates serve a wide range of end use markets, including soaps and detergents, pulp and paper, paint and pigments, catalysts, and metal cleaning. 1. Chemical Identity Name: Sodium Silicate Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number: 1344-09-8 Sodium silicate is the generic name for a series of compounds derived from soluble sodium silicate glasses. These materials are aqueous liquids containing sodium oxide (Na2O) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) in various ratios. Varying the amount of SiO2 and Na2O gives solutions having differing properties and diverse industrial applications. 2. Production Sodium silicate glass is made by fusing high purity silica sand and soda ash in open hearth furnaces at 1300°C. The molten glass is cooled, fractured, and dissolved under pressure with hot water and steam. OxyChem is a leading manufacturer of sodium silicates and operates facilities in Augusta, GA; Chicago, IL; Cincinnati, OH; Dallas, TX; and Mobile, AL. 3. Uses Sodium Silicates are used in a wide variety of applications. Some of the principle uses are summarized in this section. Detergents & Soaps Many detergent operations are performed with sodium silicates. Such operations range from metal cleaning and textile processing to washing laundry, dishes, dairy equipment, bottles, floors, and automobiles. Silicates are incorporated in synthetic detergent compositions to control corrosion and minimize alkali attack. Without silicates, many synthetic detergent compositions would be corrosive to aluminum, zinc, and certain metal alloy parts in washers. They may also attack porcelain enamel and overglaze fine china decorations. Adhesives and Cements Liquid sodium silicates are widely used as adhesives in making fiber drums, paper tubes, and other materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesized Mesoporous Silica and Calcium Aluminate Cement Fillers
    Dental Materials Journal 2017; 36(6): 706–713 Synthesized mesoporous silica and calcium aluminate cement fillers increased the fluoride recharge and lactic acid neutralizing ability of a resin-based pit and fissure sealant Atikom SURINTANASARN1, Krisana SIRALERTMUKUL2 and Niyom THAMRONGANANSKUL1 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 2 Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Corresponding author, Niyom THAMRONGANANSKUL; E-mail: [email protected] This study evaluated the effect of different types of filler in a resin-based pit and fissure sealant on fluoride release, recharge, and lactic acid neutralization. Resin-based sealant was incorporated with 5% w/w of the following fillers: calcium aluminate cement (CAC), synthesized mesoporous silica (SI), a CAC and SI mixture (CAC+SI), glass-ionomer powder (GIC), and acetic acid-treated GIC (GICA). Sealant without filler served as control. The samples were immersed in deionized water or a lactic acid solution and the concentration of fluoride in the water, before and after fluoride recharge, and the lactic acid pH change, respectively, were determined. The CAC+SI group demonstrated the highest fluoride release after being recharged with fluoride gel. The CAC+SI group also demonstrated increased lactic acid pH. These findings suggest that a resin-based sealant containing synthesized mesoporous silica and calcium aluminate cement may enhance remineralization due to fluoride release and higher pH. Keywords: Calcium aluminate cement, Fluoride recharge, Fluoride release, Mesoporous silica, Pit and fissure sealant empty channels can absorb and encapsulate relatively INTRODUCTION large amounts of molecules11).
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium Silicate Solution 1
    MSDS Number: S4982 * * * * * Effective Date: 03/30/11 * * * * * Supercedes: 09/23/09 Sodium Silicate Solution 1. Product Identification Synonyms: Water Glass; Soluble Glass; Silicate of Soda; Egg Preserver CAS No.: Not applicable to mixtures. Molecular Weight: Not applicable to mixtures. Chemical Formula: Na2O(SiO2)x.(H2O)x Product Codes: 3877 2. Composition/Information on Ingredients Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous --------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ --------- Sodium Silicate 1344-09-8 35 - 40% Yes Water 7732-18-5 60 - 65% No 3. Hazards Identification Emergency Overview -------------------------- WARNING! HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED. CAUSES SEVERE IRRITATION TO EYES, SKIN AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided here for your convenience) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Health Rating: 2 - Moderate Flammability Rating: 1 - Slight Reactivity Rating: 1 - Slight Contact Rating: 3 - Severe Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES & SHIELD; LAB COAT & APRON; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES Storage Color Code: Green (General Storage) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Potential Health Effects ---------------------------------- Diluted solutions of sodium silicate are strong alkaline irritants. The solid sodium silicate is corrosive. Exposure to alkaline corrosives may result in severe burns depending on the concentration and duration of exposure. Sodium silicate
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Sodium Silicate on the Behaviour of Shotcretes for Tunnel Lining
    Journal of Scientific Research & Reports 14(2): 1-8, 2017; Article no.JSRR.33641 ISSN: 2320-0227 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org The Effect of Sodium Silicate on the Behaviour of Shotcretes for Tunnel Lining Luigi Coppola1, Alessandra Buoso1, Denny Coffetti1, Patricia Kara2*, Sergio Lorenzi1 and Franco D’Alessandro3 1DISA, University of Bergamo, Dalmine (BG), Italy. 2EMIB, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Belgium. 3BASF C.C. Underground Construction, Treviso (TV), Italy. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author LC designed the study. Authors AB, DC and FDA performed the statistical analysis and wrote the protocol. Authors PK and SL managed the analyses of the study, the literature searches, wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JSRR/2017/33641 Editor(s): (1) Luigi dell'Olio, School of Civil Engineering, Channels and Ports, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain. (2) Luigi Rodino, Professor of Mathematical Analysis, Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Torino, Italy. Reviewers: (2) Halil Görgün, Dicle University, Turkey. (3) Leo Baldenegro, Center of Engineering and Industrial Development, Mexico. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/19001 Received 24th April 2017 th Case Study Accepted 4 May 2017 Published 10th May 2017 ABSTRACT Present case study investigates the rheological, mechanical and in-placing performances of fiber- reinforced shotcrete manufactured with different fibers (steel, glass and polypropylene) and with sodium silicate based set-accelerating admixture for tunnel linings. The study compares the performances of concretes manufactured and fully compacted with those shotcretes which are manufactured directly on the job-site.
    [Show full text]
  • Stabilization of Soils with Lime and Sodium Silicate Harold Bernard Ellis Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1963 Stabilization of soils with lime and sodium silicate Harold Bernard Ellis Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Ellis, Harold Bernard, "Stabilization of soils with lime and sodium silicate " (1963). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 2531. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/2531 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64—3867 microfilmed exactly as received ELLIS, Harold Bernard, 1917- RTAmT.T7.ATmN OF SOILS WITH LIME AND SODIUM SILICATE. Iowa State University of Science and Technology Ph.D., 1963 Engineering, civil University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan STABILIZATION OF SOILS WITH LIME AND SODIUM SILICATE by Harold Bernard Ellis A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Soil Engineering Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major D^ tbent Signature was redacted for privacy. Iowa State University Of
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Synthesis of Super Insulation Silica Aerogel Composites Strengthened with Mullite Fibers
    International Conference on Civil, Transportation and Environment (ICCTE 2016) Rapid synthesis of Super Insulation silica aerogel composites strengthened with mullite fibers Guangwu Liu1, a, Yangang Liu1, b 1 School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Sodium silicate; Silica aerogel; Mullite fibers; Mechanical property; Thermal conductivity; Abstract. In this study, we tried to synthesize super insulation and hydrophobic silica aerogel doped with mullite fibers (10wt %), by using cost effective processing from sodium silicate. Before dried under ambient pressure, the surfaces of the gels were modified using trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) via one-step solvent exchange and surface modification. And the proper molar ratio of TMCS to pore water is 0.02. The obtained aerogel doped with fibers exhibited excellent physical properties with less than 10% volume shrinkage, extremely high specific surface area (762 m2/g) and super hydrophobicity (contact angle of~145°). In addition, DMA and Hot-Disk results indicated that composite aerogels also with excellent performance in multitudinous physical properties, such as excellent heat insulation (0.0225 W/ (m K)) and better mechanical property (12.5 MPa). Thermal conductivity coefficients of silica aerogel monoliths changed from 0.0225 to 0.0393 W/ (m K) as temperature increased to 500°C, revealed an excellent heat insulation effect during thermal process. Introduction Silica aerogels are translucent and thermal insulating material consisting of nanoparticle building blocks, networked together to form an open, highly porous structure. They are consisting of over 95% air and <5% skeleton and possessing extremely lower density (0.003g/cm3-0.5g/cm3 range), high surface area (500-1200 m2/g), ultra-low dielectric constant (k=1.0-2.0), low index of refraction (~1.05) [1].Due to these excellent properties, silica aerogels have attracted much attention for they have potential to be applied in many fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Lignin Isolation and Characterization
    PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Chemical Changes of Raw Materials and Manufactured Binderless Boards during Hot Pressing: Lignin Isolation and Characterization Yong-Chang Sun,a,# Zhi Lin,b,# Wan-Xi Peng,b,* Tong-Qi Yuan,a Feng Xu,a Yi-Qiang Wu,b Jing Yang,c Yang-Sheng Wang,d and Run-Cang Sun a,* Thermomechanical pulp (TMP) is used for fiber production in binderless boards industries. Milled wood lignin (MWL) and enzymatic mild acidolysis lignin (EMAL) isolated from raw material and from binderless boards (BB) were comparatively analyzed to investigate the effects of chemical changes on the bonding performance in BB. The results showed that acid-insoluble lignin of the BB were increased during the sodium silicate solution pretreatment after hot-pressing. The lignin fractions obtained were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and 1H-13C correlation heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results showed that 31.1% of EMAL (based on Klason lignin) with low molecular weight (Mw=1630 g/mol) was isolated from the BB. The increased total phenolic OH groups (3.97 mmol/g) of EMAL from sodium silicate solution pretreated BB indicated that there was degradation of lignin and cleavage of lignin- carbohydrate linkages during hot-pressing. In addition, the content of β- O-4' aryl ether linkages of EMAL from the BB increased to 69.2%, which was higher than that of the untreated sample (60.1%). It was found that S units (syringyl-like lignin structures) were preferentially condensed by hot pressing over G (guaiacyl-like lignin structures) units, and the S/G ratio increased after the hot-pressing process.
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium and Potassium Silicates, Is Markedly Demonstrated by Its Ability to Alter the Surface 10.000 Characteristics of Various Materials in Different Ways
    M2CO3 + x SiO2 ➡ M2O . x SiO2 + C02 (M = Na, K) Introduction Contents PQ Europe represents the European subsidiary of 1 The production process 3 PQ Corporation, USA. PQ Corporation was founded 2 Physical properties of soluble silicates 5 in 1831 and belongs today to the world’s most - ratio succesful developers and producers of inorganic - density chemicals, in particular on the field of soluble - viscosity silicates, silica derived products and glass spheres. - potassium silicate PQ operates worldwide over 60 manufacturing plants in 20 countries. PQ serves a large variety of 3 Chemical properties of industries, including detergents, high way safety, soluble silicates 7 pulp and paper, petroleum processing and food and - pH behavior and buffering capacity beverages with a broad range of environmental - stability of silicate solutions friendly performance products. - reactions with acids (sol and gel formation) More than 150 years of experience in R&D and - reaction with acid forming products production of silicates in USA and Europe guarantee ("In-situ"gel formation) high performance and high quality silicates made - precipitation reactions, reaction with metal ions according to ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards - interaction with organic compounds and marketed via our extensive network of sales - adsorption offices, agents and distributors. - complex formation 4 Properties of potassium silicates 8 vs. sodium silicates 5 Chemistry of silicate solutions 9 6 Applications 11 7 Storing and handling of PQ Europe 14 liquid silicates - storage - pumps - handling and safety 8 Production locations 15 Sand Caustic soda PremixReactor Temporary Filter Final storage storage Water The Hydrothermal Route 2 1 Sodium and potassium silicate glasses (lumps) are The production produced by the direct fusion of precisely measured process portions of pure silica sand (SiO2) and soda ash (Na2CO3) or potash (K2CO3) in oil, gas or electrically fired furnaces at temperatures above 1000 °C according to the following reaction: M2CO3 + x SiO2 ➡ M2O .
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium Silicate Lumps
    Product information Sodium Silicate Lumps Solid Sodium Silicate Characteristic physico-chemical data* Water glass is manufactured in a furnace process. Due the properties of the solid sodium silicate it can be dissolved in water Properties and test methods Unit Value and used as a raw materiall in manufacture of liquid sodium silicates. Density kg/m³ 2500 Bulk Density kg/m³ 1250 Benefits Molar Ratio nSiO2/nNa2O 3,3 Na2O % 24 Water glass Manufacture of liquid sodium silicates SiO2 % 76 pH (water suspension) 11,2 Safety and Handling *) The given data are typical values. Specifications on request. Information concerning the safety of this product is listed in the corresponding Safety Data Sheet. We recommend to read Certifications and Classifications carefully the Safety Data Sheet prior to the use of our product. Sodium Silicate Lumps Packaging and storage CAS-No. 1344-09-8 EC Number 215-687-4 For details regarding our packaging options for this product, please contact your local sales representative. Quality excellence achieved through GMPs and ISO:9001 Our silica products are inert and extremely stable chemically. certifications However, due to their high specific surface area, they can absorb Customs Tariff Code: CN 28391910 moisture and volatile organic compounds from the surrounding atmosphere. Therefore, we recommend storing the products in sealed containers in a dry, cool place, and removed from volatile organic substances. Even if a product is stored under these conditions, after a longer period it can still pick up ambient moisture over time, which could lead to its exceeding the specified moisture content. Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH | Product information Sodium Silicate Lumps | Feb 2019 Page 1/2 This information and any recommendations, technical or otherwise, are presented in good faith and believed to be correct as of the date prepared.
    [Show full text]