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West River Watershed Updated Water Quality/Aquatic Habitat Assessment Report October 2014

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West River Watershed Updated Water Quality/Aquatic Habitat Assessment Report October 2014 West River Watershed Updated Water Quality/Aquatic Habitat Assessment Report October 2014 The West River watershed with towns and some tributaries Table of Contents Earlier Information on the West River Watershed ............................................................ 1 General Description of the Watershed ............................................................................. 1 Special Features and Values of the West River Watershed ............................................ 1 West River Watershed Summary of Segments with Impacts ........................................... 2 Assessment Information .................................................................................................. 4 Biological Monitoring .................................................................................................... 5 E. coli Sampling ........................................................................................................... 7 Ball Mountain Brook Watershed .......................................................................................... 8 General Description ......................................................................................................... 8 Assessment Status .......................................................................................................... 9 Impaired Miles .............................................................................................................. 9 Stressed Miles.............................................................................................................. 9 Assessment Information ................................................................................................ 10 North Branch Ball Mountain Brook ............................................................................. 10 Styles Brook ............................................................................................................... 13 Brazer Brook .............................................................................................................. 15 Sunbowl Brook (trib to Kidder) ................................................................................... 15 Kidder Brook .............................................................................................................. 15 Pinnacle Brook ........................................................................................................... 16 Bear Mountain Brook ................................................................................................. 16 Information Sources ....................................................................................................... 16 Earlier Information on the West River Watershed The last time that a formal assessment report was done on the West River was in 2001 as the Basin 11 – West, Williams & Saxtons Rivers Water Quality and Aquatic Habitat Assessment Report. In 2008, there was the Basin 11 West River, Williams River, Saxtons River Management Plan. In addition, there have several river corridor or geomorphic assessment reports done for stretches of these waters since 2008. This 2014 assessment is a further update in preparation for the 2015 Basin 11 plan. This report is divided into two sections with one section the West River and its tributaries but for Ball Mountain Brook subwatershed, which is described separately starting on page 9. General Description of the Watershed The mainstem of the West River originates in the south part of Mount Holly, 2,400 feet above sea level. It flows generally south through the towns of Weston and Londonderry then southeasterly through Jamaica, Townshend, Newfane, Dummerston, and Brattleboro where it meets the Connecticut River. The length of the mainstem is 46 miles and the river drains a watershed that is 423 square miles. The major tributaries to the West River from north to south or upstream to downstream include: Greendale Brook, Utley Brook, Flood Brook, the Winhall River, Mill Brook, Grassy Brook, Smith Brook, Ball Mountain Brook , Wardsboro Brook, and the Rock River. Along the length of the West River are two major reservoirs formed by huge dams that were built as Army Corps of Engineers flood control dams. In addition, just above the mouth is a wetland area called Retreat Meadows, a backwater created by the Vernon Dam on the Connecticut River that has become a large marsh. A more detailed description of the West River watershed is given in the November 2001 Basin 11 West Williams Saxtons Rivers Assessment Report. Special Features and Values of the West River Watershed The West River is well known for its swimming holes, boating runs, fishing, and waterfalls, cascades, and gorges. A summary of the features is given in the Basin 11 Management Plan West, Williams, and Saxtons River June 2008 on pages 52 and 53 with some of the exceptional locations specifically described there. North Branch Ball Mountain Brook from the confluence of Kidder Brook to a point below Pikes Falls where an unnamed tributary enters from the Winhall Municipal Forest, about 4000 feet, was made an Outstanding Resource Water (ORW) due to fish habitat, geologic feature, scenic area and recreational value. Kidder Brook watershed is a Class A watershed (1989 Board decision). 1 West River Watershed Summary of Segments with Impacts Stream or Lake Mileage & Pollutant Source Use affected & other Segment Status information West River, below 9.0 miles temperature impoundment 2cr –fishery; affected Ball Mtn dam to Impaired by high temps Townshend dam Part A list Ball Mountain Brook, 8.4 miles acid atmospheric aquatic life/habitat; above confluence of Impaired deposition chronic acidification the North Branch Part A list Bear Creek Brook, 1.5 miles acid atmospheric aquatic life/habitat; rm 0.7 to Impaired deposition chronic acidification headwaters Part A list Kidder Brook, 2.2 miles acid atmospheric aquatic life/habitat confluence of Sun Impaired deposition chronic acidification Bowl Brook up Part A list North Branch Ball 0.4 miles manganese former onstream aesthetics of “black Mountain Brook Impaired pond rocks” Part B list Styles Brook, 2.0 miles sediment land develop- aquatic life/habitat; Impaired ment, hydrologic EPA approved a TMDL Part D list modification 6/21/2002 West River, 1 mile 1.5 miles E. coli failing septic contact recreation below to ½ mile up Impaired systems sus- EPA approved a TMDL of So Londonderry Part D list pected. Sept 30, 2011 Forester Pond 9 acres acid atmospheric aquatic life/habitat (Jamaica) Impaired deposition chronic acidification Part D EPA approved a TMDL Sept. 30, 2003 Little Pond (Winhall) 18 acres acid atmospheric aquatic life/habitat; Impaired deposition episodic acidification; Part D EPA approved a TMDL Sept 20, 2004 Stratton Pond 46 acres acid atmospheric aquatic life/habitat; (Stratton) Impaired deposition episodic acidification; Part D EPA approved a TMDL Sept. 30, 2003 Moses Pond 12 acres acid atmospheric aquatic life/habitat; (Weston) Impaired deposition chronic acidification Part D EPA approved a TMDL Sept. 30, 2003 West River, Mouth 0.6 miles Eurasian was checked in 2004 upstream and Altered watermilfoil and 2007 – needs re- Retreat Meadows Part E list checking Stickney Brook 2.5 miles flow Brattleboro water Altered fluctuations supply Part F list withdrawal 2 Ball Mountain 85 acres water level operation of Reservoir Altered fluctuation, ACOE dam Part F List fish passage West River, Ball Mtn 9.0 miles artificial flow operation of Overlaps with the 9.0 Dam down to Altered regime – no ACOE dam miles impaired above Townsend Dam Part F list minimum flow for biota Mill Brook 1.6 miles insufficient Bromley Altered flow snowmaking Part F list water withdrawal Trib to Mill Brook 2.2 miles insufficient Bromley Altered flow snowmaking Part F list water withdrawal Hapgood Pond 7 acres flow Altered alteration Part F list West River, mouth 12.0 miles temperature, wide shallow Fishing (2cr), aquatic up to Grassy Brook Stressed flow channel, dam habitat modification operations West River, Grassy 7.1 miles temperature, impoundment Fishing (2cr), aquatic Brook up to Stressed flow warms waters, habitat Townshend Dam modification flow mod from dam operations Rock River, mouth 7.5 miles sediment, impacts from TS Fishing (2cr), aquatic to Adams Brook Stressed temp, Irene & post- habitat physical Irene alterations Wardsboro Brook, 7.0 miles sediment, streambank mouth to West Stressed temperature erosion, road Wardsboro runoff, channel widening… Winhall River, mouth 8.0 miles sediment, channelization, to IPCo. bridge Stressed temperature road runoff, loss of riparian veg, erosion Flood Brook, mouth 2.5 miles temperature impoundment to 0.1 mile below Stressed warms water dam Adams Brook 200 feet physical channel rip- Post-Irene channel alterations rapped and work eliminated habitat, ‘paved’ caused fish passage issues. Status to be determined in 2016. Dover Brook 600 feet physical channel rip- Post-Irene channel alterations rapped and work eliminated habitat ‘paved’ & caused fish passage issues. Status to be determined in 2016. 3 Assessment Information Following is a map showing biological monitoring sites; constructs that could influence the rivers and streams such as dams, landfills, hazardous sites; and the condition of the stream following assessments using all available information. After the map are tables with data from biomonitoring and water chemistry monitoring. Figure 2. West River Watershed with Assessment Information 4 Biological Monitoring Table
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