Conservation Recorded Wildlife at Barra Honda National Park

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Conservation Recorded Wildlife at Barra Honda National Park Conservation Recorded Wildlife at Barra Honda National Park List of Bat Species 1. Family Species Family English Name Balantiopteryx plicata Emballonuridae Gray Sac-winged Bat Greater Doglike Bat; Peropteryx kappleri Emballonuridae Peters' Sac-Winged Bat Brazilian Long-Nosed Rhynchonycteris naso Emballonuridae Bat;-Nosed Bat Greater White-Lined Saccopteryx bilineata Emballonuridae Bat; Two-Lined Bat 2. Family Species Family English Name Noctilio albiventris Noctilionidae Lesser Bulldog Bat Fishing Bat; Greater Noctilio leporinus Noctilionidae Bulldog Bat 3. Family Species Family English Name Lesser Naked-Backed Pteronotus davyi Mormoopidae Bat Greater Naked-Backed Pteronotus gymnonotus Mormoopidae Bat Pteronotus parnelli Mormoopidae Mustahed Bat 4. Family Species Family Sub-Family English Name Micronycteris Yellow-throated Phyllostomidae Phyllostominae brachyiotis bat Micronycteris Common Large Phyllostomidae Phyllostominae microtis Eared Bat Gervais Large- Micronycteris Phyllostomidae Phyllostominae Eared Bat; Tiny minuta Big-Eared Bat Micronycteris Phyllostomidae Phyllostominae Tricolored Bat silvestris Phyllostomus Pale Spear- Phyllostomidae Phyllostominae discolor Nosed Bat Big Spear-Nosed Phyllostomus Phyllostomidae Phyllostominae Bat; Greater hastatus Spear Tonatia Pigmy Round- Phyllostomidae Phyllostominae brasiliense Eared Bat Tracops Fringe-Lipped Bat; Phyllostomidae Phyllostominae cirrhosus Frog-Eating Bat Vampyrum False Vampire Phyllostomidae Phyllostominae spectrum Bat Glossophaga Gray´s Long- Phyllostomidae Phillostominae leachii Tongued Bat Glossophaga Pallas' Long- Phyllostomidae Glossphaginae soricina Tongued Bat Carollia Seba's Short- Phyllostomidae Glossphaginae perspicillata Tailed Bat Gray Short- Carollia subrufa Phyllostomidae Carollinae Tailed Bat Artibeus Jamaican Fruit- Phyllostomidae Carollinae jamaicensis Eating Bat Artibeus San Jose Fruit- Phyllostomidae Stenodermatinae intermedius Eating Bat Big Fruit-Eating Artibeus lituratus Phyllostomidae Stenodermatinae Bat Dermanura Pygmy Fruit- Phyllostomidae Stenodermatinae phaeotis Eating Bat Wrinkle-Faced Centurio senex Phyllostomidae Stenodermatinae Bat Chiroderma Hairy Big-eyed Phyllostomidae Stenodermatinae villosum Bat Platyrrhinus Heller's Broad- Phyllostomidae Stenodermatinae helleri Nosed Bat Uroderma Phyllostomidae Stenodermatinae Tent-Making Bat bilobatum Little Yellow- Sturnira lilium Phyllostomidae Stenodermatinae Shouldered Bat Diphylla Hairy-Legged Phyllostomidae Desmodontinae ecaudata Vampire Bat White-Winged Diaemus youngi Phyllostomidae Desmodontinae Vampire Bat Desmodus Common Phyllostomidae Desmodontinae rotundus Vampire Bat 5. Family Species Family English Name Mexican Funnel-Eared Natalus stramineus Natalidae Bat 6. Family Species Family English Name Eptesicus furinalis Vespertilionidae Argentine Brown Bat Myotis sp Vespertilionidae Rhogeessa tumida Vespertilionidae Pigmy Yellow Bat 7. Family Species Family English Name Molosus pretiosus Molossidae Miller's Mastiff Bat .
Recommended publications
  • Bat Conservation 2021
    Bat Conservation Global evidence for the effects of interventions 2021 Edition Anna Berthinussen, Olivia C. Richardson & John D. Altringham Conservation Evidence Series Synopses 2 © 2021 William J. Sutherland This document should be cited as: Berthinussen, A., Richardson O.C. and Altringham J.D. (2021) Bat Conservation: Global Evidence for the Effects of Interventions. Conservation Evidence Series Synopses. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Cover image: Leucistic lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros hibernating in a former water mill, Wales, UK. Credit: Thomas Kitching Digital material and resources associated with this synopsis are available at https://www.conservationevidence.com/ 3 Contents Advisory Board.................................................................................... 11 About the authors ............................................................................... 12 Acknowledgements ............................................................................. 13 1. About this book ........................................................... 14 1.1 The Conservation Evidence project ................................................................................. 14 1.2 The purpose of Conservation Evidence synopses ............................................................ 14 1.3 Who this synopsis is for ................................................................................................... 15 1.4 Background .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Neoichnology of Bats: Morphological, Ecological, and Phylogenetic Influences on Terrestrial Behavior and Trackmaking Ability Within the Chiroptera
    NEOICHNOLOGY OF BATS: MORPHOLOGICAL, ECOLOGICAL, AND PHYLOGENETIC INFLUENCES ON TERRESTRIAL BEHAVIOR AND TRACKMAKING ABILITY WITHIN THE CHIROPTERA BY MATTHEW FRAZER JONES Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Advisory Committee: ______________________________ Chairperson Stephen T. Hasiotis ______________________________ Co-chair David A. Burnham ______________________________ Robert M. Timm Date Defended: April 8, 2016 The Thesis Committee for MATTHEW FRAZER JONES certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: NEOICHNOLOGY OF BATS: MORPHOLOGICAL, ECOLOGICAL, AND PHYLOGENETIC INFLUENCES ON TERRESTRIAL BEHAVIOR AND TRACKMAKING ABILITY WITHIN THE CHIROPTERA ______________________________ Chairperson: Stephen T. Hasiotis ______________________________ Co-chairperson: David A. Burnham Date Approved: April 8, 2016 ii ABSTRACT Among living mammals, bats (Chiroptera) are second only to rodents in total number of species with over 1100 currently known. Extant bat species occupy many trophic niches and feeding habits, including frugivores (fruit eaters), insectivores (insect eaters), nectarivores (nectar and pollen-eaters), carnivores (predators of small terrestrial vertebrates), piscivores (fish eaters), sanguinivores (blood eaters), and omnivores (eat animals and plant material). Modern bats also demonstrate a wide range of terrestrial abilities while feeding, including: (1) those that primarily feed at or near ground level, such as the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) and the New Zealand short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata); (2) those rarely observed to feed from or otherwise spend time on the ground; and (3) many intermediate forms that demonstrate terrestrial competency without an obvious ecological basis. The variation in chiropteran terrestrial ability has been hypothesized to be constrained by the morphology of the pelvis and hindlimbs into what are termed types 1, 2, and 3 bats.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Management and Bats
    F orest Management a n d B a t s | 1 Forest Management and Bats F orest Management a n d B a t s | 2 Bat Basics More than 1,400 species of bats account for almost a quarter of all mammal species worldwide. Bats are exceptionally vulnerable to population losses, in part because they are one of the slowest-reproducing mammals on Earth for their size, with most producing only one young each year. For their size, bats are among the world’s longest-lived mammals. The little brown bat can live up to 34 years in the wild. Contrary to popular misconceptions, bats are not blind and do not become entangled in human hair. Bats are the only mammals capable of true flight. Most bat species use an extremely sophisticated biological sonar, called echolocation, to navigate and hunt for food. Some bats can detect an object as fine as a human hair in total darkness. Worldwide, bats are a primary predator of night-flying Merlin Tuttle insects. A single little brown bat, a resident of North American forests, can consume 1,000 mosquito-sized insects in just one hour. All but three of the 47 species of bats found in the United States and Canada feed solely on insects, including many destructive agricultural pests. The remaining bat species feed on nectar, pollen, and the fruit of cacti and agaves and play an important role in pollination and seed dispersal in southwestern deserts. The 15 million Mexican free-tailed bats at Bracken Cave, Texas, consume approximately 200 tons of insects nightly.
    [Show full text]
  • Bat Damage Ecology & Management
    LIVING WITH WILDLIFE IN WISCONSIN: SOLVING NUISANCE, DAMAGE, HEALTH & SAFETY PROBLEMS – G3997-012 Bat Damage Ecology & Management As the world’s only true flying mammal, bats have extremely interesting lifestyles. They belong to the order Chiroptera, S W F S U – which means “hand wing.” There are s t a b n w ro approximately 1,400 species of bats world- b le tt li g in at wide, with 47 species residing in the United n er ib States. Wisconsin was home to nine bat species H at one time (there was one record of the Indiana bat, Myotis sodalis, in Wisconsin), but only eight species are currently found in the state. Our Wisconsin bats are a diverse group of animals that are integral to Wisconsin’s well-being. They are vital contributors to the welfare of Wisconsin’s economy, citizens, and ecosystems. Unfortunately, some bat species may also be in grave danger of extinction in the near future. DESCRIPTION “Wisconsin was home to nine bat species at one time, but All Wisconsin’s bats have only eight species are currently found in the state. egg-shaped, furry bodies, ” large ears to aid in echolo- cation, fragile, leathery wings, and small, short legs and feet. Our bats are insectivores and are the primary predator of night-flying insects such as mosquitoes, beetles, moths, and June bugs. Wisconsin’s bats are classified The flap of skin as either cave- or tree- connecting a bat’s legs is called the dwelling; cave-dwelling bats uropatagium. This hibernate underground in structure can be used as an “insect caves and mines over winter net” while a bat is feeding in flight.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Synthesis on the Potential for Bat Interactions with Offshore Wind Facilities
    _______________ OCS Study BOEM 2013-01163 Information Synthesis on the Potential for Bat Interactions with Offshore Wind Facilities Final Report U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Office of Renewable Energy Programs www.boem.gov OCS Study BOEM 2013-01163 Information Synthesis on the Potential for Bat Interactions with Offshore Wind Facilities Final Report Authors Steven K. Pelletier Kristian S. Omland Kristen S. Watrous Trevor S. Peterson Prepared under BOEM Contract M11PD00212 by Stantec Consulting Services Inc. 30 Park Drive Topsham, ME 04086 Published by U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Herndon, VA Office of Renewable Energy Programs June 2013 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared under contract between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and Stantec Consulting Services Inc. This report has been technically reviewed by BOEM, and it has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of BOEM, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. It is, however, exempt from review and compliance with BOEM editorial standards. REPORT AVAILABILITY The report may be downloaded from the boem.gov website through the Environmental Studies Program Information System (ESPIS). You will be able to obtain this report from BOEM or the National Technical Information Service. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Ocean Energy Management National Technical Information Service Office of Renewable Energy Programs 5285 Port Royal Road 381 Elden Street, HM-1328 Springfield, Virginia 22161 Herndon, VA 20170 Phone: (703) 605-6040 Fax: (703) 605-6900 Email: [email protected] CITATION Pelletier, S.K., K.
    [Show full text]
  • BATS of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica
    MURCIÉLAGOS de la región del Golfo Dulce, Puntarenas, Costa Rica BATS of the Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica 1 Elène Haave-Audet1,2, Gloriana Chaverri3,4, Doris Audet2, Manuel Sánchez1, Andrew Whitworth1 1Osa Conservation, 2University of Alberta, 3Universidad de Costa Rica, 4Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Photos: Doris Audet (DA), Joxerra Aihartza (JA), Gloriana Chaverri (GC), Sébastien Puechmaille (SP), Manuel Sánchez (MS). Map: Hellen Solís, Universidad de Costa Rica © Elène Haave-Audet [[email protected]] and other authors. Thanks to: Osa Conservation and the Bobolink Foundation. [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [1209] version 1 11/2019 The Golfo Dulce region is comprised of old and secondary growth seasonally wet tropical forest. This guide includes representative species from all families encountered in the lowlands (< 400 masl), where ca. 75 species possibly occur. Species checklist for the region was compiled based on bat captures by the authors and from: Lista y distribución de murciélagos de Costa Rica. Rodríguez & Wilson (1999); The mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico. Reid (2012). Taxonomy according to Simmons (2005). La región del Golfo Dulce está compuesta de bosque estacionalmente húmedo primario y secundario. Esta guía incluye especies representativas de las familias presentes en las tierras bajas de la región (< de 400 m.s.n.m), donde se puede encontrar c. 75 especies. La lista de especies fue preparada con base en capturas de los autores y desde: Lista y distribución de murciélagos de Costa Rica. Rodríguez
    [Show full text]
  • Bat Rabies and Other Lyssavirus Infections
    Prepared by the USGS National Wildlife Health Center Bat Rabies and Other Lyssavirus Infections Circular 1329 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Front cover photo (D.G. Constantine) A Townsend’s big-eared bat. Bat Rabies and Other Lyssavirus Infections By Denny G. Constantine Edited by David S. Blehert Circular 1329 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Constantine, D.G., 2009, Bat rabies and other lyssavirus infections: Reston, Va., U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1329, 68 p. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Constantine, Denny G., 1925– Bat rabies and other lyssavirus infections / by Denny G. Constantine. p. cm. - - (Geological circular ; 1329) ISBN 978–1–4113–2259–2 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats
    Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats A agnella, Kerivoula 901 Anchieta’s Bat 814 aquilus, Glischropus 763 Aba Leaf-nosed Bat 247 aladdin, Pipistrellus pipistrellus 771 Anchieta’s Broad-faced Fruit Bat 94 aquilus, Platyrrhinus 567 Aba Roundleaf Bat 247 alascensis, Myotis lucifugus 927 Anchieta’s Pipistrelle 814 Arabian Barbastelle 861 abae, Hipposideros 247 alaschanicus, Hypsugo 810 anchietae, Plerotes 94 Arabian Horseshoe Bat 296 abae, Rhinolophus fumigatus 290 Alashanian Pipistrelle 810 ancricola, Myotis 957 Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat 164, 170, 176 abbotti, Myotis hasseltii 970 alba, Ectophylla 466, 480, 569 Andaman Horseshoe Bat 314 Arabian Pipistrelle 810 abditum, Megaderma spasma 191 albatus, Myopterus daubentonii 663 Andaman Intermediate Horseshoe Arabian Trident Bat 229 Abo Bat 725, 832 Alberico’s Broad-nosed Bat 565 Bat 321 Arabian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat 229 Abo Butterfly Bat 725, 832 albericoi, Platyrrhinus 565 andamanensis, Rhinolophus 321 arabica, Asellia 229 abramus, Pipistrellus 777 albescens, Myotis 940 Andean Fruit Bat 547 arabicus, Hypsugo 810 abrasus, Cynomops 604, 640 albicollis, Megaerops 64 Andersen’s Bare-backed Fruit Bat 109 arabicus, Rousettus aegyptiacus 87 Abruzzi’s Wrinkle-lipped Bat 645 albipinnis, Taphozous longimanus 353 Andersen’s Flying Fox 158 arabium, Rhinopoma cystops 176 Abyssinian Horseshoe Bat 290 albiventer, Nyctimene 36, 118 Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arafura Large-footed Bat 969 Acerodon albiventris, Noctilio 405, 411 Andersen’s Leaf-nosed Bat 254 Arata Yellow-shouldered Bat 543 Sulawesi 134 albofuscus, Scotoecus 762 Andersen’s Little Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Talaud 134 alboguttata, Glauconycteris 833 Andersen’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat 109 Bat 543 Acerodon 134 albus, Diclidurus 339, 367 Andersen’s Roundleaf Bat 254 aratathomasi, Sturnira 543 Acerodon mackloti (see A.
    [Show full text]
  • BRAZILIAN BIG-EYED BAT Chiroderma Doriae O. Thomas, 1891
    Smith P - Chiroderma doriae - FAUNA Paraguay Handbook of the Mammals of Paraguay Number 49 2012 BRAZILIAN BIG-EYED BAT Chiroderma doriae O. Thomas, 1891 FIGURE 1 - Adult ( ©Marco Mello www.casadosmorcegos.org). TAXONOMY: Class Mammalia; Subclass Theria; Infraclass Metatheria; Order Chiroptera; Suborder Microchiroptera; Superfamily Noctilionoidea; Family Phyllostomidae, Subfamily Stenodermatinae, Tribe Stenodermatini (López-Gonzalez 2005). There are five species in this genus, one of which occurs in Paraguay. The generic name Chiroderma is Greek meaning “hand skin” (Palmer 1904). The species name doriae is in honour of Marquis G Doria ‘‘a naturalist whose intimate knowledge and magnificent collection of Chiroptera are always at the service of other workers in the same field.’’ (Thomas 1891). The holotype was misidentified by Dobson (1878) as Chiroderma villosum on account of its poorly marked facial stripes. A Quaternary fossil from Minas Gerais, Brazil reported by Lund (1840) as Phyllostoma dorsale was later confirmed by Winge (1893) to belong to this species (Czaplewski & Cartrelle 1998). Owen (1988) found little phenetic coherence for the genus Chiroderma despite some diagnostic characters. The genus was found to be less morphologically homogeneous than any other Stenodermatine genus except Vampyressa . C. doriae was allied with bats of the genus Vampyressa in the majority of the analysis, more so than with its congeners (Owen 1988). Baker et al (1994) resolved the relationships within this genus using cytochrome-b sequences and concluded that the large size of this species had evolved independently from that of the other large member of the genus C.improvisum . The species was considered to be most closely related to C.trinitatum , diverging from each other 1.6 mya and that this clade diverged from the C.villosum-improvisum clade about 2.6 mya.
    [Show full text]
  • Neotropical Nectar-Feeding Bats (Family Phyllostomidae) Revisited: Lingual Data Support a Recently-Proposed Molecular Phylogeny
    Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects Biology 4-25-2001 Neotropical Nectar-feeding Bats (Family Phyllostomidae) Revisited: Lingual Data Support a Recently-Proposed Molecular Phylogeny Shawn De La Mar '01 Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/bio_honproj Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation De La Mar '01, Shawn, "Neotropical Nectar-feeding Bats (Family Phyllostomidae) Revisited: Lingual Data Support a Recently-Proposed Molecular Phylogeny" (2001). Honors Projects. 5. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/bio_honproj/5 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Neotropical Nectar-feeding Bats (Family PhyUostomidae) Revisited: Lingual Data Support a Recently-proposed Molecular Phylogeny. A Senior Research Honors Paper Presented By Shawn De La Mar Deparbnent ofBiology Illinois Wesleyan University April 25, 2001 Neotropical Nectar-feeding Bats Revisited: Lingual Data Support a Recently­ proposed Molecular Phylogeny. A Senior Research Honors Paper Presented by Shawn De La Mar Department of Biology Illinois Wesleyan University April 25, 2001 Approved as to style and content by: Th~~Ri:t~F=gy;':;'=IL..WU----- Research Advisor Charles Springwood, pt.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multifaceted Approach to Understanding Bat Community Response to Disturbance in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest Darwin Valle 1,2, Daniel M
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A multifaceted approach to understanding bat community response to disturbance in a seasonally dry tropical forest Darwin Valle 1,2, Daniel M. Grifth 2*, Andrea Jara‑Guerrero 2, Diego Armijos‑Ojeda 2 & Carlos I. Espinosa 2 Given widespread habitat degradation and loss, reliable indicators are needed that provide a comprehensive assessment of community response to anthropogenic disturbance. The family Phyllostomidae (Order Chiroptera) has frequently been the focus of research evaluating bats’ response to habitat disturbance in seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs). However, few studies compare this family to the larger bat assemblage to assess its efcacy as a bioindicator. We compared community and species‑specifc attributes of understory phyllostomid and all understory bat species: (1) along a gradient of habitat disturbance within a human‑modifed SDTF landscape; and (2) between forest and riparian habitats within each disturbance level. We captured 290 individuals belonging to 13 species and 4 families. Phyllostomid species exhibited greater sensitivity to disturbance than the understory bat community as a whole based on richness and beta diversity. Both groups were more sensitive to disturbance in forest than riparian habitat, but phyllostomid species were more likely to be lost from highly disturbed forest habitat. The two dominant species declined in abundance with disturbance but variation in body condition was species‑specifc. These results suggest that Phyllostomidae are more efective indicators of human disturbance in SDTF than the understory bat community as a whole and evaluation of bats’ response to disturbance is best accomplished with a multifaceted approach. Ecosystem structure and functionality are changing worldwide due to the increasing intensity and extent of human activities1.
    [Show full text]
  • WOOLLY FALSE VAMPIRE Chrotopterus Auritus (W.Peters, 1856)
    Smith P - Chrotopterus auritus - FAUNA Paraguay Handbook of the Mammals of Paraguay Number 24 2008 WOOLLY FALSE VAMPIRE Chrotopterus auritus (W.Peters, 1856) FIGURE 1 - Head detail (© Merlin D. Tuttle, Bat Conservation International, www.batcon.org). TAXONOMY: Class Mammalia; Subclass Theria; Infraclass Metatheria; Order Chiroptera; Suborder Microchiroptera; Superfamily Noctilionoidea; Family Phyllostomidae; Subfamily Phyllostominae, Tribe Vampyrini (López-Gonzalez 2005, Myers et al 2006, Hoofer et al 2008). This species is the sole representative of the genus Chrotopterus, Peters 1865. The origin of the name Chrotopterus is Greek meaning "skin colour wing" presumably in reference to the wing membranes (Palmer 1904). The species name auritus is Latin meaning "long-eared". (Braun & Mares 1995). Czaplewski & Cartelle (1998) describe Quaternary fossils of this species from Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Bahía, Brazil. Carter & Dolan (1978) disputed the designation of Mexico as the type locality and claimed that the type specimen actually came from Santa Catarina, Brazil. However Peters (1856) clearly states that the specimen is from Mexico and Medellín (1989) claims that the type specimen is ZMB 10058 in the Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, which consists of a clean skull and skeleton with body parts in alcohol (Gardner 2007). Traditionally three subspecies have been recognised, that present in Paraguay is C.a.australis Thomas 1905 (Type Locality Concepción, Paraguay). Supposedly this subspecies is distinguished by its extensive woolly grey pelage which covers the wing and tail membranes reaching the elbows and knees, a Smith P 2008 - WOOLLY FALSE VAMPIRE Chrotopterus auritus - Mammals of Paraguay Nº 24 Page 1 Smith P - Chrotopterus auritus - FAUNA Paraguay Handbook of the Mammals of Paraguay Number 24 2008 small white spot on the wing tips and a woolly patch on the metacarpal of the thumb.
    [Show full text]