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E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 161 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2015 No. 181 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Tuesday, December 15, 2015, at 12 p.m. Senate MONDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2015 The Senate met at 3 p.m. and was Eternal God, who knows what is best in all they do. May their first alle- called to order by the President pro for us, have Your way in our Nation giance always be to You. Deliver them tempore (Mr. HATCH). and world. Release the power of Your from that extreme hubris that sees f providence on Capitol Hill, using our itself as always right. Help them in- lawmakers to bring peace on Earth and stead to remember that more can be PRAYER good will to humankind. accomplished by striving to unite rath- The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- Lord, inspire them with Your wisdom er than divide. fered the following prayer: in both their public and private lives, We pray in Your wonderful Name. Let us pray. creating in them a desire to please You Amen. NOTICE If the 114th Congress, 1st Session, adjourns sine die on or before December 24, 2015, a final issue of the Congres- sional Record for the 114th Congress, 1st Session, will be published on Thursday, December 31, 2015, to permit Members to insert statements. All material for insertion must be signed by the Member and delivered to the respective offices of the Official Reporters of Debates (Room HT–59 or S–123 of the Capitol), Monday through Friday, between the hours of 10:00 a.m. -
Rise of Sikh Militancy and Militant Discourses: an Appraisal of the Economic Factor
249 Birinder Pal Singh: Rise of Sikh Militancy Rise of Sikh Militancy and Militant Discourses: an appraisal of the economic factor Birinder Pal Singh Punjabi University, Patiala ________________________________________________________________ The Sikhs are an enterprising and a dynamic community. They are able to adjust to diverse situations and circumstances and make a comfortable living wherever they may reside and as evident from their global dispersal. Yet a section of the Sikhs in the Indian Punjab were involved in militant violence from 1978 to 1992. It cost the state exchequer billions of rupees and resulted in loss of thousands of civilians and security personnel. Numerous public figures and political leaders including the then Prime Minister succumbed to their violence. This paper explores the links between the changes in the underlying economic and agrarian conditions of the Punjab peasantry and how militant discourses - as reflected in their vernacular pamphlets - translated these into political and religious rhetoric to mobilize support for Khalistan. This militant rhetoric is then related to academic research which attempted to understand the economic dimensions of the Punjab problem. ________________________________________________________________ The Punjab militant movement has been characterized differently by individuals and political parties on the basis of their ideology. The Indian government led by the Indian National Congress (I) labeled it a ‘separatist’ (separation from India), ‘disintegrationist’ (breaking the integrity of the Indian nation), ‘fundamentalist’ (a la Khomeini of Iran), and a ‘terrorist’ movement. The then dominant party in opposition, Bhartiya Janata Party called it an ‘anti-Hindu’ and an ‘anti-national’ movement for Khalistan, a Sikh theocratic state. To the BJP, India is a nation of the Hindus and Sikhism a sect of Hinduism. -
A Complete Guide to Sikhism
A Complete Guide to Sikhism <siqgur pRswid A Complete Guide to Sikhism Dr JAGRAJ SINGH Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 1 A Complete Guide to Sikhism < siqgur pRswid[[ “There is only one God, He is infinite, his existence cannot be denied, He is enlightener and gracious” (GGS, p1). “eyk ipqw eyks ky hMm bwrk qUM myrw gurhweI”[[ “He is our common father, we are all His children and he takes care of us all.” --Ibid, p. 611, Guru Nanak Deh shiva bar mohay ihay O, Lord these boons of thee I ask, Shub karman tay kabhoon na taroon I should never shun a righteous task, Na daroon arson jab jae laroon I should be fearless when I go to battle, Nischay kar apni jeet karoon Grant me conviction that victory will be mine with dead certainty, Ar Sikh haun apnay he mann ko As a Sikh may my mind be enshrined with your teachings, Ih laalach haun gun tau uchroon And my highest ambition should be to sing your praises, Jab av kee audh nidhan banay When the hour of reckoning comes At he ran mah tab joojh maroon I should die fighting for a righteous cause in the thick of battlefield. --Chandi Charitar, Guru Gobind Singh Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 2 A Complete Guide to Sikhism < siqgur pRswid A COMPLETE GUIDE TO SIKHISM Dr. JAGRAJ SINGH UNISTAR Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 3 A Complete Guide to Sikhism A COMPLETE GUIDE TO SIKHISM By Dr. Jagraj Singh Jagraj [email protected] 2011 Published by Unistar Books Pvt. Ltd. S.C.O.26-27, Sector 34A, Chandigarh-160022, India. -
Chronicles of Sikhism: Portrayal of Origination of Sikh Religion and Its Headways
Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Volume 9 ~ Issue 7 (2021)pp: 13-31 ISSN(Online):2321-9467 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Chronicles of Sikhism: Portrayal of origination of Sikh religion and its headways KVVS SATYANARAYANA ABSTRACT The Sikh religion, which was created over five centuries ago and was a progressive religion well ahead of its time, it now has a global following of over twenty million people and is the world's fifth largest religion. Sikhism preaches a message of constant devotion and remembrance of God, true life, and human equality, while condemning superstitions and blind rituals. The teachings of Sikhism's ten Gurus are inscribed in the Sikh Holy Book and Living Guru, Sri Guru Granth Sahib, and are open to all. But Sikhism is much more than just the teachings of the gurus or the mass following or social servitude, it’s a long saga of valor, heroism and unwavering devotion, there are multiple shades of the same ism that have been left ununderstood and its high time for us to understand the truth behind this valorous clan who even today stand bold against all odds. KEY WORDS: Sikh, Granth Saheb, Khalsa, Guru, Kirpan, Kesh, Kara, Amrit sar, Golden Temple, Sikhism. Nanak. Received 13 July, 2021; Revised: 27 July, 2021; Accepted 29 July, 2021 © The author(s) 2021. Published with open access at www.questjournals.org Chronicles of Sikhism: Portrayal of origination of Sikh religion and its headways The fifth century of the Christian era was a period of extraordinary intellectual and political development. -
Religion and Spirituality Within the Sikh Religion: How
RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY WITHIN THE SIKH RELIGION: HOW COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGISTS CAN HELP Mandeep Kaur, BSc (Hons) A thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor in Counselling Psychology. November 2017 This work or any part thereof has not previously been presented in any form to the University or any other body, whether for the purposes of assessment, publication or for any other purpose (unless otherwise specified). Save for any express acknowledgements, references or bibliographies cited in the work, I confirm that the intellectual content of the work is the result of my own efforts and of no other person. The right of Mandeep Kaur to be identified as author of this work is asserted in accordance with ss77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. At this date copyright is owned by the author. Signature …………………………………………………………………. Date …………………………………………………………………………. 1 | Page RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY WITHIN THE SIKH RELIGION: HOW COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGISTS CAN HELP Abstract This study investigated the spiritual and religious experience of members of the Sikh community with a focus on how such an experience affects their sense of wellbeing. Consequently, the central aim of this study is to explore how Sikhs use religion and spirituality with coping. This was examined by exploring how Sikhs deal with stressful events and how these impacted on their wellbeing. The thesis was comprised of two parts. Study one comprised of the thematic analysis of questionnaires. 56 UK based Sikh participants (23 males and 33 females; age range 17-62) took part. The findings from study one speculated that the older age group appeared more accepting of their religion and spirituality suggesting maybe they are less occupied by a quest to explore their life through religion and spirituality than the 20-30 year old age group. -
Sikhism, Islam and Christianity MODULE – 3 Cultural and Heritage Aspects of Tourism in India 10
Culture and Heritage in India–II: Sikhism, Islam and Christianity MODULE – 3 Cultural and Heritage Aspects of Tourism in India 10 CULTURE AND HERITAGE IN Notes INDIA–II: SIKHISM, ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY In India there is a great diversity in religions: Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Christianity. People follow their religion, culture and worship their gods in their own ways. This wealth of religion and spirituality can be seen and felt throughout the country. Thus, there is so much of travelling connected with religion. This is because people in India are engaged in interaction with the divine for the betterment in this life as well as in the next. Hence it is not surprising to find innumerable temples, gurudwaras, churches, mosques, shrines etc. which are visited by the people on important occasions. This is because religion has a universal and natural appeal for human being and they remain specially attached to their religion. In this lesson, we shall try and make you aware about how religious places are used as pilgrim destinations in the tourism industry. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to: z explain the Sikhism and its basic teachings; z list the major Sikh pilgrimage centres; z discuss about Islam and its basic teachings; z list the major Muslim religious tourist destinations e.g. Sufi dargahs; z describe Christianity and its basic teachings and z list the major Christian Churches as tourist attractions. TOURISM 21 MODULE – 3 Culture and Heritage in India–II: Sikhism, Islam and Christianity Cultural and Heritage Aspects of Tourism 10.1 SIKH RELIGION AND ITS BASIC TEACHINGS in India Guru Nanak, founder of the Sikh faith, was born in Talwandi, near Lahore in Pakistan in 1469. -
Sikh Religion and Islam
Sikh Religion and Islam A Comparative Study G. S. Sidhu M.A. Gurmukh Singh Published by: - © Copyright: G. S. Sidhu and Gurmukh Singh No. of Copies: Year Printer: ii INDEX ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS BOOK .......................................1 MAIN ABBREVIATIONS: .......................................................................... 1 SOURCES AND QUOTATIONS..................................................................1 QUOTATIONS FROM THE HOLY SCRIPTURES ..........................................2 SIKH SOURCES .....................................................................................2 ISLAMIC SOURCES ................................................................................ 2 FOREWORD ..................................................................................3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................5 CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................6 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................6 1.1 THE NEED FOR RELIGION ........................................................ 6 1.2 THE NEED FOR THIS STUDY..................................................... 7 1.3 SIKHISM AND ISLAM: INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS ...................11 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................15 APPROACHES.............................................................................15 2.1 SIKHISM.............................................................................. -
Who Are Sikhs? >
Who are Sikhs? <siqgur pRswid[[ Who are Sikhs? > > dyg qyg Pqih dyg qyg Pqih Maharaja Ranjit Singh The founder of Sikh Empire and head of Sarkare Khalsa watching the Sikhs returning from hunting expedition Dr Jagraj Singh Sikh Awareness Society of USA SASO USA Tampa--Florida Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 1 Who are Sikhs? <siqgur pRswid Who are Sikhs? • In simple words the Sikhs may be described as the people of yesterday, today and tomorrow. • In the words of Gokal Chand Narang, “Hindus had a religion but no national feeling while Guru Gobind Singh made nationalism the religion of the Khalsa”. History of the Sikhs, Gokal chand Narang • Na kahoon ab keen a kahoon tab kee je na hundey Guru Gobind Singh Sunnat hudee sab kee Bullhe Shah Khalsa Akaal Purkh kee fauj, pargatio Khalsa Akaal Purkh kee mauj” meaning that Khalsa is the army of God and it has taken its birth at his pleasure” (Mukh waak Guru Gobind Singh). Maharaja Dalip Singh The last King of the sovereign Sikh Empire—‘Punjab’ Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 2 Who are Sikhs? < siqgur pRswid Contents Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Sikh, Asikh, Shish, Singh & Kaur, Sardar &Sardarni, Khalsa, Panth, Signs of Sikh identity, Why identity is necessary? Being a Sikh, Sikh Religious code of Conduct, Inner values of Sikhism, Article of Sikh faith, Rationale behind the articles of Sikh faith, Chapter2 The Sikhs Sikh homeland Punjabi—National and religious language of the Sikhs and Sikh homeland Arts and crafts of the Sikhs and Sikh homeland Sikh civilization Sikh Culture Status of woman in Sikhism Music in Sikhism Dancing in Sikhism Arts and crafts of the Sikhs Sikh architecture Sikh jurisprudence Sikh politics Sikh Marriage Act Chapter 3 Symbols of Sikh Sovereignty: The Holy Sikh Scripture, Guru Granth Sahib Gurdawara Mandir Dera / Sant Dera / Sant Baba dera Copyright Dr. -
Gurpartap Suraj Granth, 1843 Wrote His Updated History of the Sikhs
With deep reverence to the great soul and philosopher Mahakavi Bhai Sahib Santokh Singh ji whose great and monumental work Gurpartap Suraj Granth, 1843 (Despite the shortcomings which came to light later on) was straightway acclaimed by a grateful community & Joseph Davey Cunningham who wrote his updated History of the Sikhs, (1849), in advance of his times, Suffered for it, fell a victim to the truth, but gave the Sikh people a definitive account of their history PREFACE Histories of the peoples or of the nations have been written and rewritten continuously. With the rise of nationalism in Europe in the 18th century, histories of various European countries, including that of England, have been rewritten during the 19th century from their respective national perspectives. So has been the case during the present century with the histories of colonised people who during and after the colonial rule have found new contours of their past. History of India too has been rewritten from that perspective. For instance, yesterday’s extremists and terrorists have been acclaimed as today’s heroes and revolutionaries. With the decolonization of the subcontinent in 1947, the Sikhs for the first time in history came under the tutelage of a reviving Hinduism. Brahminism, whenever in ascendance, has been intolerant of non-conforming faiths. It was time for the Sikhs to reexamine their history and draw appropriate lessons. That was all the more so, as there have been persistent attempts to overturn the Sikh history and theology. The beginnings were made in the early 17th century by dissident Minas who in collaboration with Brahmins played havoc with Guru Nanak’s Janam Sakhi, biography. -
Introduction to Sikhism
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of Worcester Research and Publications INTRODUCTION TO SIKHISM By Stephen Bigger 1 Grant me this boon, O God, from thy Greatness May I never refrain from righteous acts; May I fight without fear All foes in life's battle, With confident courage claiming the victory! May Thy Glory be grained in my mind, And my highest ambition be singing Thy praises; When this mortal life reaches its limits, May I die fighting with limitless courage! Sikh national anthem, written by Guru Gobind Singh The Mool Mantar or basic belief, written by Guru Nanak Ik Onkar There is only one God Sat Nam Truth is His name Karta Purkh The Creator Nir Bhau Without fear Nir Vair Without hate Akaal Moorat Immortal Ajooni Beyond births and deaths Saibhang Self-Illuminated, the Enlightener Gur Parsaad Realised by the Kindness of the True Guru [God] Sikhs Communities Today. There are around 13 million Sikhs in the world today. Originating in the Punjab which was divided through partition in 1947, many have dispersed across northern India, to Europe, East Africa, Malaysia, Singapore, Canada and the U.S.A.. In India Sikhs have made a great impact as farmers, members of the armed forces and police, as well as in sport, transport, industry and education. On the latter, Punjab state has four universities, with education free and compulsory to the age of 14. The impact of their beliefs also cannot be minimized - they stand against the caste system, child marriage, and the consumption of alcohol and tobacco; and for the remarriage of widows, and hospitality. -
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji by Ranbir Singh
GURU TEGR BAHADUR DIVINE POET, SAVIOUR & MARTYR by RANBIR SINGH Author of The Glimpses of the Divine Masters & The Sikh Way ofLife Hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur Translated by Dr Harbhajan Singh F.R.C.S. & Prof: Parman Singh M.A. Foreword by SARDAR SANT SINGH CHIEF KHALSA DIWAN AMRITSAR First published November 1975 PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS (p) LTD., NEW DELHI Price Rs. 13.50 p. CONTENTS Page Acknowledgment Foreword by Sardar Sant Singh Preface by Dr Harbhajan Singh F. R.C. S. Creed of Sikh Faith & Opening Hymn GURU TEGH BAHADUR The background and the Predecessors of Guru Tegh Bahadur I Advent of Guru Nanak (1469 A. D~) II Guru Nanak on Divine Mission VI Guru Angad (1539-1552) XII Guru Amar Das (1552-1574) XIV Guru Ram Das (1574-1581) XVII Guru Arjan (1581-1606) XVIII Guru Har Gobind (1606-1644) XXIII Guru HaT Rai (1644-1661) XXVI Guru Har Krishan (1661-1664) XXVII Guru Tegh Bahadur Birth & Childhood 1 Guru Tegh Bahadur & his playmates 2 Inspiration from the glorious past 4 Departure of Bhai Buddhaji 5 Departure of Bhai Gurdas 7 Ineffable Bliss of "Nam Dhyanam" 8 Word ofthe Guru, there is no othe'r key to the heart of the Guru. "The Word of the True Guru is the Guru Himself" "The Word is the Guru and the Guru is the Word," "Life giving Elixir pervades through it all." Gurbani is deep like an ocean and full of pearls of Divine thought. It is high like the sky and gives wings to catch the "Rainbow". -
Guru Tegh Bahadur
May 2021 Guru Tegh Bahadur was of contemplative nature with deep spiritual insights and wisdom, which was reflected in his compositions – 59 shabads and 57 slokas in 15 ragas in Sri Guru Granth Sahib. His reputation of a learned practioner of spirituality spread far and wide with his universal messages in simple Braj language. The main teachings, made easier to understand with daily-life illustrations, were that the world is a transitory abode, human mind should stay focused on meditation, human body is a gift to be utilized as ankus opportunity for self-realization. Intolerance to Diversity of Faith by Mughal Authorities and The Sacrifice In May 1675, a group of Pandits from Kashmir met Guru Tegh Bahadur at Anandpur to explain how the freedom to practice faith was being curtailed and forced conversion of Hindus into Islam was being aggressively implemented. This was a matter of grave concern, as India is a great civilization with thousands of years of recorded history and a place from where many religions/faith had taken birth. Further, it is a land where people of various faiths from many countries took shelter and were accorded protection and dignity. It is a land where freedom of spiritual beliefs was widely practiced. Guru Tegh Bahadur promptly asked the visiting Pandits to convey to the authorities that if the Ninth Guru converts, then the Kashmiri Pandits will convert without any further effort or coercion. Guru Tegh Bahadur was arrested immediately, brought to Delhi and tortured for months in full public view, to create a demonstration effect and instill fear in the minds of people against resisting conversion.