Geologisk Tidsskrift 1999, Hæfte 1, Pp. 24-32
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'Placoderm' (Arthrodira)
Jobbins et al. Swiss J Palaeontol (2021) 140:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-020-00212-w Swiss Journal of Palaeontology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A large Middle Devonian eubrachythoracid ‘placoderm’ (Arthrodira) jaw from northern Gondwana Melina Jobbins1* , Martin Rücklin2, Thodoris Argyriou3 and Christian Klug1 Abstract For the understanding of the evolution of jawed vertebrates and jaws and teeth, ‘placoderms’ are crucial as they exhibit an impressive morphological disparity associated with the early stages of this process. The Devonian of Morocco is famous for its rich occurrences of arthrodire ‘placoderms’. While Late Devonian strata are rich in arthrodire remains, they are less common in older strata. Here, we describe a large tooth-bearing jaw element of Leptodontich- thys ziregensis gen. et sp. nov., an eubrachythoracid arthrodire from the Middle Devonian of Morocco. This species is based on a large posterior superognathal with a strong dentition. The jawbone displays features considered syna- pomorphies of Late Devonian eubrachythoracid arthrodires, with one posterior and one lateral row of conical teeth oriented postero-lingually. μCT-images reveal internal structures including pulp cavities and dentinous tissues. The posterior orientation of the teeth and the traces of a putative occlusal contact on the lingual side of the bone imply that these teeth were hardly used for feeding. Similar to Compagopiscis and Plourdosteus, functional teeth were pos- sibly present during an earlier developmental stage and have been worn entirely. The morphological features of the jaw element suggest a close relationship with plourdosteids. Its size implies that the animal was rather large. Keywords: Arthrodira, Dentition, Food web, Givetian, Maïder basin, Palaeoecology Introduction important to reconstruct character evolution in early ‘Placoderms’ are considered as a paraphyletic grade vertebrates. -
Arthrodira, Homostiidae) from the Emsian of Aragón, Spain, and Its Distribution
FISH FROM THE EMSIAN OF ARAGÓN 139 Tityosteus, A MARINE FISH (ARTHRODIRA, HOMOSTIIDAE) FROM THE EMSIAN OF ARAGÓN, SPAIN, AND ITS DISTRIBUTION Elga MARK-KURIK1 and Peter CARLS2 1 Institute of Geology. Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia Avenue 7, 10143 Tallinn, Estonia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institut für Umweltgeologie, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Pockels- Str. 3, D 38106, Germany. Mark-Kurik, E. and Carls, P. 2004. Tityosteus, a marine fish (Arthrodira, Homostiidae) from the Emsian of Aragón, Spain, and its distribution. [Tityosteus, un pez marino (Arthrodira, Homostiidae) del Emsiense de Aragón, España, y su distribución.] Revista Española de Paleontología, 19 (2), 139-144. ISSN 0213-6937. ABSTRACT A right marginal plate (over 11 cm long) of Tityosteus cf. rieversae Gross, 1960, emend., has been found in the late part of the Early Emsian (late Zlichovian) in the Mariposas Fm. of the Eastern Iberian Cordillera in south- ern Aragón. The palaeoecological conditions correspond to a hemipelagic ensialic basin, with predominant ele- ments of Hercynic biofacies but still with photic bottom. The Emsian genus Tityosteus is now known from the Hunsrück Schiefer of Germany and the closely connected Ibero-Armorican Trough and also from the more dis- tant Minusinsk Basin of southern Siberia. Palaeo-oceans between western Europe and southern Siberia were no zoogeographical barriers for these large, possibly microphagous fishes in open sea. The name of the type spe- cies of Tityosteus is emended. Keywords: Placodermi, marginal plate, palaeoecology, palaeozoogeography, late Zlichovian. RESUMEN Se describe una placa marginal derecha (más de 11 cm de longitud) de Tityosteus cf. rieversae Gross, 1960, emend., de la parte tardía del Emsiense Inferior (Zlichoviense tardío) de la Fm. -
Copyrighted Material
06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 15 Phylum Chordata Chordates are placed in the superphylum Deuterostomia. The possible rela- tionships of the chordates and deuterostomes to other metazoans are dis- cussed in Halanych (2004). He restricts the taxon of deuterostomes to the chordates and their proposed immediate sister group, a taxon comprising the hemichordates, echinoderms, and the wormlike Xenoturbella. The phylum Chordata has been used by most recent workers to encompass members of the subphyla Urochordata (tunicates or sea-squirts), Cephalochordata (lancelets), and Craniata (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). The Cephalochordata and Craniata form a mono- phyletic group (e.g., Cameron et al., 2000; Halanych, 2004). Much disagree- ment exists concerning the interrelationships and classification of the Chordata, and the inclusion of the urochordates as sister to the cephalochor- dates and craniates is not as broadly held as the sister-group relationship of cephalochordates and craniates (Halanych, 2004). Many excitingCOPYRIGHTED fossil finds in recent years MATERIAL reveal what the first fishes may have looked like, and these finds push the fossil record of fishes back into the early Cambrian, far further back than previously known. There is still much difference of opinion on the phylogenetic position of these new Cambrian species, and many new discoveries and changes in early fish systematics may be expected over the next decade. As noted by Halanych (2004), D.-G. (D.) Shu and collaborators have discovered fossil ascidians (e.g., Cheungkongella), cephalochordate-like yunnanozoans (Haikouella and Yunnanozoon), and jaw- less craniates (Myllokunmingia, and its junior synonym Haikouichthys) over the 15 06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 16 16 Fishes of the World last few years that push the origins of these three major taxa at least into the Lower Cambrian (approximately 530–540 million years ago). -
Redescription of Yinostius Major (Arthrodira: Heterostiidae) from the Lower Devonian of China, and the Interrelationships of Brachythoraci
bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015. With 10 figures Redescription of Yinostius major (Arthrodira: Heterostiidae) from the Lower Devonian of China, and the interrelationships of Brachythoraci YOU-AN ZHU1,2, MIN ZHU1* and JUN-QING WANG1 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Received 29 December 2014; revised 21 August 2015; accepted for publication 23 August 2015 Yinosteus major is a heterostiid arthrodire (Placodermi) from the Lower Devonian Jiucheng Formation of Yunnan Province, south-western China. A detailed redescription of this taxon reveals the morphology of neurocranium and visceral side of skull roof. Yinosteus major shows typical heterostiid characters such as anterodorsally positioned small orbits and rod-like anterior lateral plates. Its neurocranium resembles those of advanced eubrachythoracids rather than basal brachythoracids, and provides new morphological aspects in heterostiids. Phylogenetic analysis based on parsimony was conducted using a revised and expanded data matrix. The analysis yields a novel sce- nario on the brachythoracid interrelationships, which assigns Heterostiidae (including Heterostius ingens and Yinosteus major) as the sister group of Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus. The resulting phylogenetic scenario suggests that eubrachythoracids underwent a rapid diversification during the Emsian, representing the placoderm response to the Devonian Nekton Revolution. The instability of the relationships between major eubrachythoracid clades might have a connection to their longer ghost lineages than previous scenarios have implied. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015 doi: 10.1111/zoj.12356 ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Brachythoraci – Heterostiidae – morphology – phylogeny – Placodermi. -
The Earliest Phyllolepid (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Late Lochkovian (Early Devonian) of Yunnan (South China)
Geol. Mag. 145 (2), 2008, pp. 257–278. c 2007 Cambridge University Press 257 doi:10.1017/S0016756807004207 First published online 30 November 2007 Printed in the United Kingdom The earliest phyllolepid (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Late Lochkovian (Early Devonian) of Yunnan (South China) V. DUPRET∗ &M.ZHU Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 643, Xizhimenwai Dajie 142, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China (Received 1 November 2006; accepted 26 June 2007) Abstract – Gavinaspis convergens, a new genus and species of the Phyllolepida (Placodermi: Arthrodira), is described on the basis of skull remains from the Late Lochkovian (Xitun Formation, Early Devonian) of Qujing (Yunnan, South China). This new form displays a mosaic of characters of basal actinolepidoid arthrodires and more derived phyllolepids. A new hypothesis is proposed concerning the origin of the unpaired centronuchal plate of the Phyllolepida by a fusion of the paired central plates into one single dermal element and the loss of the nuchal plate. A phylogenetic analysis suggests the position of Gavinaspis gen. nov. as the sister group of the Phyllolepididae, in a distinct new family (Gavinaspididae fam. nov.). This new form suggests a possible Chinese origin for the Phyllolepida or that the common ancestor to Phyllolepida lived in an area including both South China and Gondwana, and in any case corroborates the palaeogeographic proximity between Australia and South China during the Devonian Period. Keywords: Devonian, China, Placodermi, phyllolepids, biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography. 1. Introduction 1934). Subsequently, they were considered as either sharing an immediate common ancestor with the The Phyllolepida are a peculiar group of the Arthrodira Arthrodira (Denison, 1978), belonging to the Actin- (Placodermi), widespread in the Givetian–Famennian olepidoidei (Long, 1984), or being of indetermined of Gondwana (Australia, Antarctica, Turkey, South position within the Arthrodira (Goujet & Young,1995). -
Vertebrata: Placodermi) from the Famennian of Belgium
View metadata, citationGEOLOGICA and similar papers BELGICA at core.ac.uk (2005) 8/1-2: 51-67 brought to you by CORE provided by Open Marine Archive A NEW GROENLANDASPIDID ARTHRODIRE (VERTEBRATA: PLACODERMI) FROM THE FAMENNIAN OF BELGIUM Philippe JANVIER1, 2 and Gaël CLÉMENT1 1. UMR 5143 du CNRS, Département «Histoire de la Terre», Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8 rue Buff on, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] 2. 7 e Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom (9 fi gures, 1 table and 2 plates) ABSTRACT. A new species of the arthrodire genus Groenlandaspis is described from the upper part of the Evieux Formation (Upper Famennian), based on several specimens collected from quarries at Modave and Villers-le-Temple, Liège Province, Belgium. It is the fi rst occurrence of this widespread genus in continental Europe. O is new species is characterized by an almost smooth dermal armour, except for some scattered tubercles on its skull roof, median dorsal and spinal plates. Its median dorsal plate is triangular in shape and almost perfectly equilateral in lateral aspect and bears large, spiniform denticles on its posterior edge. All these Groenlandaspis remains occur in micaceous, dolomitic claystones or siltstones probably deposited in a subtidal environment. Outcrops of the same area have yielded other vertebrate remains, such as the placoderms Phyllolepis and Bothriolepis, acanthodians, various piscine sarcopterygians (Holoptychius, dipnoans, a rhizodontid, Megalichthys, Eusthenodon and a large tristichopterid), and a tetrapod that is probably close to Ichthyostega. O e biogeographical history of the genus Groenlandaspis is briefl y outlined, and the late Frasnian-Famennian interchange of vertebrate taxa between Gondwana and Euramerica is discussed. -
Comments on the Late Devonian Placoderms from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)
Comments on the Late Devonian placoderms from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) ALEXANDER IVANOV andMICHAŁ GINTER Ivanov, A. & Ginter,M. 1997. Comments on the Late Devonian placoderms from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland).- Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 4,3,4I34f6. Taxonomy of the Late Devonian placoderm remains from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, described by Gorizdro-Kulczycka (L934,1950) and Kulczycki (1956, 1957),is revised. Several recently found specimens are also mentioned. The old collections are composed of representatives of Ptyctodontidae, Holonematidae, Plourdosteidae, Pholi- dosteidae, Selenosteidae, Titanichthyidae and Dinichthyidae, the latter with an unde- scribed species of Eastmanosteus. Newly found specimens belong to Ptyctodontidae, Plourdosteidae and Dinichthyidae. The occurrence of the Antiarcha in the Late Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains, suggestedby former authors, has not been confirmed. K e y w o rd s : Placodermi,Late Devonian, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Alexander Ivanov [[email protected]], Laboratory of Paleontology, Institute of the Earth Crust, Sankt-Petersburg University, 16 Liniya 29, 199178 St.Petersburg, Russia. Michał Ginter [email protected]], InsĘtut Geologii Podstawowej, Uniwersytet War szaw ski, ul. Zw irki i Wi gury 9 3, 02 -089 War szaw a, P oland. Introduction The main goals of this study are to revise placodermsfrom the Late Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains collected by Jan Czarnocki, Julian Kulczycki and Zinuda Gorizdro-Kulczycka in the first half of the century (the material now housed in the Museum of the Polish Geological Instituteand in the Museum of the Earth in Warsaw), and to describe a fęw new specimenscollected recently by Jerzy Dzik and Grzegorz Racki. -
A Primitive Megalichthyid Fish (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha)
A primitive megalichthyid fi sh (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian of Turkey and its biogeographical implications Philippe JANVIER UMR 5143 du CNRS, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] and Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD (United Kingdom) Gaël CLÉMENT UMR 5143 du CNRS, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Richard CLOUTIER Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1 (Canada) [email protected] Janvier P., Clément G. & Cloutier R. 2007. — A primitive megalichthyid fi sh (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian of Turkey and its biogeographical implications. Geodiversitas 29 (2) : 249-268. ABSTRACT KEY WORDS Sarcopterygii, Th e vertebrate fauna of the red sandstone of Pamucak-Sapan Dere Unit of Tetrapodomorpha, the Upper Antalya Nappe (Frasnian?, Turkey) is reviewed on the basis of new Megalichthyidae, “Osteolepiformes”, material. Th e association of the phyllolepid Placolepis with the arthrodire Holo- Devonian, nema in this fauna strongly suggests a Frasnian age or, at any rate, older than Turkey, the Famennian. Th e unique osteolepiform sarcopterygian of this fauna is here biogeography, new genus, described in detail and referred to Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n. sp., which new species. is considered as the most generalized megalichthyid known to date. GEODIVERSITAS • 2007 • 29 (2) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. -
Family-Group Names of Fossil Fishes
European Journal of Taxonomy 466: 1–167 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.466 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2018 · Van der Laan R. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1F74D019-D13C-426F-835A-24A9A1126C55 Family-group names of fossil fishes Richard VAN DER LAAN Grasmeent 80, 1357JJ Almere, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:55EA63EE-63FD-49E6-A216-A6D2BEB91B82 Abstract. The family-group names of animals (superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe and subtribe) are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Particularly, the family names are very important, because they are among the most widely used of all technical animal names. A uniform name and spelling are essential for the location of information. To facilitate this, a list of family- group names for fossil fishes has been compiled. I use the concept ‘Fishes’ in the usual sense, i.e., starting with the Agnatha up to the †Osteolepidiformes. All the family-group names proposed for fossil fishes found to date are listed, together with their author(s) and year of publication. The main goal of the list is to contribute to the usage of the correct family-group names for fossil fishes with a uniform spelling and to list the author(s) and date of those names. No valid family-group name description could be located for the following family-group names currently in usage: †Brindabellaspidae, †Diabolepididae, †Dorsetichthyidae, †Erichalcidae, †Holodipteridae, †Kentuckiidae, †Lepidaspididae, †Loganelliidae and †Pituriaspididae. Keywords. Nomenclature, ICZN, Vertebrata, Agnatha, Gnathostomata. -
Comments on Distribution and Taphonomy of Devonian Placoderms in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
Comments on distribution and taphonomy of Devonian placoderms in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland Piotr Szrek Taphonomy, stratigraphical occurrences and geographical distribution of Devonian placoderms in the Holy Cross Mountains described by former researchers is revised. Four main types of preservation states occur in the placoderm fossils of that region. Fossil preservation depends on geodynamic processes. Mechanical damage appears to be the main factor explaining the final state of preservation. For most of the previously described as well as the new specimens, the occurrences were dated biostratigraphically by palynomorphs and conodonts. The taxonomic distribution of placoderms in space and time within the Devonian strata in the Holy Cross Mountains correlates well with the Devonian nekton revolution, but it is also controlled by the regional palaeoecology and local synsedimentary tectonics of the carbonate platform. • Key words: Placodermi, Devonian, distribution, taphonomy, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. SZREK, P. 2020. Comments on distribution and taphonomy of Devonian placoderms in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Bulletin of Geosciences 95(1), 23–39 (7 figures, 2 tables). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received June 4, 2019; accepted in revised form December 16, 2019; published online January 21, 2020; issued March 31, 2020. Piotr Szrek, Polish Geological Institute–National Research Institute, 4 Rakowiecka Street, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland; piotr. [email protected] & University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Żwirki i Wigury Street 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland Placodermi McCoy, 1848 (armoured fishes) are a group areas. However, Kulczycki worked prior to the publication of early jawed vertebrates that appeared in the Silurian of Wegener’s theory of continental drift, resulting in some period and reached maximum diversification during the erroneous palaeogeographic conclusions, but his cor- Devonian. -
A Redescription of Kiangyousteus Yohii (Arthrodira: Eubrachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of China, with Remarks on the Systematics of the Eubrachythoraci
bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 169, 798–819. With 11 figures A redescription of Kiangyousteus yohii (Arthrodira: Eubrachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of China, with remarks on the systematics of the Eubrachythoraci YOU-AN ZHU1,2 and MIN ZHU1* 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Received 14 June 2013; revised 6 September 2013; accepted for publication 9 September 2013 Kiangyousteus yohii Liu, 1955, is a eubrachythoracid arthrodire fish (Placodermi) from the Middle Devonian Guanwu Formation of south-western China. Although Kiangyousteus was the first arthrodire described in China, its phylogenetic position within the Eubrachythoraci remained uncertain because of a lack of diagnostic data in previous studies. A detailed redescription of this taxon reveals similarities to Dunkleosteus terrelli in the possession of transverse articular facets on the parasphenoid and the lack of adsymphyseal denticles on the anterior supragnathal. Our phylogenetic analysis assigned K. yohii to the family Dunkleosteidae, which includes Eastmanosteus calliaspis, Eastmanosteus pustulosus, Golshanichthys asiatica, Heterostius ingens, Xiangshuiosteus wui, and Dunkleosteus. The analysis also yielded several new scenarios on eubrachythoracid interrelationships, notably the sister-group relationship between -
Fish/Tetrapod Communities in the Upper Devonian
Fish/tetrapod Communities Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper in the Upper Devonian ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 301 Maxime Delgehier Fish/tetrapod Communities Vertebrate communities including tetrapods and fishes are known from a in the Upper Devonian limited number of Late Devonian localities from several areas worldwide. These localities encompass a wide variety of environments, from true marine conditions of the near shore neritic province, to fluvial or lacustrine conditions. These localities form the foundation for a number of data matrices from which three different sets of cluster analyses were made. The first set practices a strait forward taxonomical framework using present/absent data on species and genus level to test similarity between the various localities. The second set of analyses builds on the Maxime Delgehier first one with the integration of artificial hierarchies to compensate taxonomical biases and instead infer relationship. The third also builds on the previous ones, but integrates morphological data as indicators of relationships between taxa. From this, a critical review was made for each method which comes to the conclusion that the first analysis and the first artificial level of the second analysis provide the distinctions between Frasnian and Frasnian/Famennian locality whereas the second artificial level of the second analysis and the third analysis need to be improved. Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper Examensarbete D/E1/E2/E, Geologi/Hydrologi/Naturgeografi /Paleobiologi, 15/30/45