Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

December 2012

City of Cluj-Napoca Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Acknowledgment This document was developed with the support and contribution of several experts within the local and regional administration as well as certain private and state companies. We would like to thank all who contributed and supplied data for this Sustainable Energy Action Plan.

i Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

1. Executive Summary ...... 1 2. SEAP - Introduction and Requirements ...... 1 2.1. What is a SEAP ...... 1 2.2. Scope of the SEAP ...... 1 2.3. Time horizon...... 2 3. Methodology ...... 3 4. General Strategy ...... 3 4.1. Objectives and targets ...... 3 4.1.1. CO2 emissions reduction target and time horizon ...... 3 4.1.2. Scope ...... 3 4.2. Vision for the future ...... 3 4.3. Presentation of Cluj-Napoca ...... 3 4.3.1. General information ...... 4 4.3.2. Municipal buildings and facilities ...... 5 4.3.3. Supply and disposal ...... 5 4.3.4. Mobility ...... 8 4.3.5. Internal organisation ...... 10 4.3.6. Communication channels ...... 12 4.4. Financial aspects and monitoring...... 12 4.4.1. Financial sources ...... 12 4.4.2. Monitoring ...... 12 5. Baseline Emission Inventory ...... 13 5.1. Final energy consumption ...... 13 5.2. CO2 emissions ...... 13 5.2.1. Local electricity generation and related CO2 emissions...... 14 5.2.2. Local urban heating and corresponding emissions ...... 14 6. Planned Actions and Measures until 2020 ...... 15 6.1. Buildings, Equipment and Facilities ...... 16 6.2. Transport ...... 18 6.3. Local electricity production ...... 20 6.4. Local heating and cooling ...... 21 6.5. Land use planning ...... 22 6.6. Public procurement ...... 22 6.7. Working with citizens and stakeholders ...... 23 6.8. Internal organisation ...... 24 Appendix ...... 25 Appendix 1 - SEAP committee...... 26 Appendix 2 - Letter of Recognition (European Energy Award) ...... 28

ii Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

1. Executive Summary In recent years, energy efficiency, mobility and climate considerations have gained substantial importance in the municipality of Cluj-Napoca, as confirmed by the Cluj- Napoca Mayor signing the Covenant of Mayors in 2011. The municipality aims to reduce its CO2 emissions by at least 20% by 2020, compared to 2011 levels. This Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) sets out the measures with which this objective is to be reached. The objective is very ambitious; however, implementing more than 60 measures in various areas will allow CO2 emissions to be reduced by around 22% and end-use energy to be reduced by around 20%. Additionally, the portion of renewable sources of energy will increase by almost 8% over the same period. The costs of implementing the planned measures in the municipality are around EUR180 million.

2. SEAP - Introduction and Requirements1

2.1. What is a SEAP The Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) is a key document that shows how the Covenant signatory will reach its commitment by 2020. It uses the results of the Baseline Emission Inventory to identify the best fields of action and opportunities for reaching the local authority’s CO2 reduction target. It defines concrete reduction measures, together with time frames and assigned responsibilities, which translate the long-term strategy into action. Signatories commit themselves to submitting their SEAPs within the year following adhesion. The SEAP should not be regarded as a fixed and rigid document, as circumstances change, and, as the ongoing actions provide results and experience, it may be useful/necessary to revise the plan on a regular basis.

2.2. Scope of the SEAP The Covenant of Mayors concerns action at local level within the competence of the local authority. The SEAP should concentrate on measures aimed at reducing the CO2 emissions and final energy consumption by end users. The Covenant’s commitments cover the whole geographical area of the local authority (town, city, region). Therefore the SEAP should include actions concerning both the public and

1 European Union (2010): “How to develop a Sustainable Energy Action Plan”. Chapter 1.

1 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca private sectors. However, the local authority is expected to play an exemplary role and therefore to take outstanding measures related to the local authority’s own buildings and facilities, vehicle fleet, etc. The local authority can decide to set the overall CO2 emission reduction target either as ‘absolute reduction’ or ‘per capita reduction’. The main target sectors are buildings, equipment/facilities and urban transport. The SEAP may also include actions related to local electricity production (development of PV, wind power, CHP, improvement of local power generation), and local heating/cooling generation. In addition, the SEAP should cover areas where local authorities can influence energy consumption in the long term (as land use planning), encourage markets for energy efficient products and services (public procurement), as well as changes in consumption patterns (working with stakeholders and citizens). The industrial sector, in contrast, is not a key target of the Covenant of Mayors, so the local authority may choose to include actions in this sector or not. In any case, plants covered by the ETS (European CO2 Emission Trading Scheme) should be excluded, unless they were included in previous plans of the local authority.

2.3. Time horizon The time horizon of the Covenant of Mayors is 2020. Therefore, the SEAP has to contain a clear outline of the strategic actions that the local authority intends to take in order to reach its commitments by 2020. The SEAP may cover a longer period, but in this case it should contain intermediate values and objectives for the year 2020. As it is not always possible to plan in detail concrete measures and budgets for such a long time span, the local authority may distinguish between:

- a vision, with a long-term strategy and goals until 2020, including firm commitments in areas like land-use planning, transport and mobility, public procurement, standards for new/renovated buildings etc.;

- detailed measures for the next 3-5 years which translate the long-term strategy and goals into actions. It is also strongly suggested that measures related to the local authority’s own buildings and facilities are implemented first, in order to set an example and motivate stakeholders.

2 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

3. Methodology The methodology used to develop the SEAP is the one recommended in the Guide “How to develop an Sustainable Energy Action Plan“, developed by the European Commission through the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the Institute for Energy and the Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES).

4. General Strategy

4.1. Objectives and targets

4.1.1. CO2 emissions reduction target and time horizon The city of Cluj-Napoca intends to achieve a reduction in CO2 emissions of 20% by 2020 compared to 2011 levels. The target is set as an absolute target (not per capita), since total population is not expected to change significantly until 2020.

4.1.2. Scope This Sustainable Energy Action Plan of Cluj-Napoca focuses on the following areas of intervention

- Buildings, equipment/facilities

- E-administration

- Transport

- Local electricity production

- Local heating/cooling

- Land use planning

- Public procurement

- Working with citizens and stakeholders (communication and cooperation)

- Internal organisation

4.2. Vision for the future Cluj-Napoca is a regional centre for innovation and opportunities, an attractive tourist destination, a pleasant place to live, work and study, a city with responsible local authorities, active citizens and a dynamic and involved business community.

4.3. Presentation of Cluj-Napoca The information presented in this chapter derives mostly from the European Energy Award© (EEA) assessment, which was conducted between September and November 2012.

3 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

4.3.1. General information Population Cluj-Napoca is the second largest city in Romania. In 2011, 309,136 people were officially registered as residents of the city, which represents 1.6% of Romania's total population. More than 390,000 people live in the Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area.

Geography Cluj-Napoca is the capital of the county of Cluj, located in the north-western part of Romania (see Figure 1) in the Somesul Mic River valley. The city covers an area of 179.5 km2 with the Somesul Mic River running through the city.

Figure 1 Map of Romania, split into counties. The red area represents the city of Cluj-Napoca.

4 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Climate

Cluj-Napoca has a continental climate, characterised by warm, dry summers and cold winters. The climate is influenced by the city's proximity to the Apuseni Mountains, as well as by urbanisation. Some West-Atlantic influences are present during winter and autumn. Winter temperatures are often below 0 °C, even though they rarely drop below −10 °C. On average, snow covers the ground for 65 days each winter. In summer, the average temperature is approximately 18 °C (the average for July and August), despite the fact that temperatures sometimes reach 35 °C to 40 °C in mid- summer in the city centre. Although average precipitation and humidity during summer is low, there are infrequent yet heavy and often violent storms. During spring and autumn, temperatures vary between 13 °C to 18 °C, and precipitation during this time tends to be higher than in summer, with more frequent yet milder periods of rain.

Economy In 2008, the city's general budget amounted to RON990 million (EUR220 million). This meant an increase of roughly 250% compared to the 2005's general budget. Cluj-Napoca is an important economic centre in Romania. Famous local brands that have become well-known at a national, and to some extent even international level, include: Banca Transilvania, Farmec, Jolidon, and Ursus breweries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery.. The city is home to several universities and hosts important software and IT companies, such as Bosch.

4.3.2. Municipal buildings and facilities The municipality owns more than 100 buildings, mostly pre-schools, primary schools and high schools (82). The consumption values for gas/heat, power and water are known for the most important buildings; these have been recorded since 2012. The majority of municipal buildings is connected to the local district heating network and therefore sources heat for both space heating and hot water from this network. A total of 464 km of streets are lit at night within the municipal territory. Street lighting has been continually extended and renewed in recent years. In 2011, power consumption for street lighting was 11.2 GWh/a.

4.3.3. Supply and disposal The energy supply, water supply and waste water disposal of the municipality of Cluj- Napoca are organised as follows:

5 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Organisation level Operator Ownership Electricity Regional Electrica SA Public Natural Gas Regional E-ON Gas Private Autonomous Administration District heating (production and District Heating subordinated network) Local to the City Hall Public Water supply County 1 operator Public Waste water disposal and treatment County 1 operator Public Waste collection County 2 operators Private Landfill County 1 operator Private

Heat supply Space heating and hot water are almost exclusively supplied using natural gas, either via the municipal district heating network or private gas heating. Wood heating systems are only used rarely. Additionally, several hundred solar thermal facilities and several dozen heat pumps were installed in recent years. However, the share of renewable heat generation is estimated to be less than 1%. In 2011, the total gas consumption of the municipality of Cluj-Napoca exceeded 278 million m3, with private households being responsible for 43.6% of the total, and economic and public entities for 56.4%. Around 43 million m3 natural gas (431 GWh/a) were consumed for supplying heat via the district heating network. Heat is generated by both cogeneration plants and thermal power stations. A total of 34'000 flats are connected to the municipal district heating network, corresponding to 41% of all flats (82'900) within the municipal territory. Around 10% of heat generation for the district heating network comes from a large, central cogeneration plant and two smaller, decentralised cogeneration plants. With an annual natural gas consumption of around 9 million m3, 40.2 GWh/a heat and 37.5 GWh/a power are fed into the network (efficiency factor of 84.8%). The losses in the primary network (transport network) are currently 35%; those in the secondary network (distribution network) 20%.

Power supply In 2011, the estimated total power consumption within the municipal territory was 540 GWh/a. However, end consumers are currently not able to determine the power mix, and the power mix of the municipality of Cluj-Napoca is therefore the same as the mix for Romania as a whole.

6 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Electricity within the municipal territory is mainly generated by the three gas-operated municipal cogeneration power plants (37.5 GWh/a). Only few photovoltaic systems have been installed. No electricity is generated from hydro power, biomass or wind power within the municipal territory.

Water supply, waste water disposal and treatment The municipal drinking water is sourced from a nearby lake and from aquifers. In recent years, water supply pumps have been systematically replaced by new, energy-efficient pumps (financed from EU funds). The energy consumption of the drinking water supply is currently 0.3 kWh/m3. The leakage rate within the municipal territory, which was still around 60% in 2000, was reduced to 50% by 2011, due to continual upgrading of the network. Additional projects aimed at reducing this rate further have already been planned, and funding via EU subsidies has already been secured. It is envisaged that these projects will reduce the leakage rate to 25% by 2018. The municipal waste water is treated in a sewage treatment plant located east of the city, outside its residential areas, about 1 km from the airport. The plant achieves a treatment ratio that is above the national average. However, compared to western European standards, there still remains considerable need for action regarding waste water treatment. The treatment plant has a self-sufficiency ratio of 50-60% as far as its power needs are concerned.

Collection and storage of waste Two private companies collect the municipal rubbish and transport it to a waste disposal site that is also privately operated. The site has reached the end of its life cycle and will therefore be replaced by a modern site in 2013. From then on, waste will be used for energy production. In 2009, around 130,000 tons of waste were collected, consisting of 50% biodegradable waste, 21% paper and cardboard, 9% plastic, 6% glass and 4% metals. Waste has been collected separately within the municipal territory since 2009. This applies to plastic, glass, textiles, metals and paper. The companies responsible for waste collection are contractually obliged to provide separate collection points and to communicate with residents to motivate them to separate waste.

7 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

To date, green waste and kitchen waste have not been collected separately, as they cannot be utilised separately at this stage. It is envisaged that green waste and kitchen waste will also be collected and utilised separately as soon as the new waste disposal site is operational. The municipality has agreed to reduce the volume of waste deposited annually on the waste disposal site by at least 50% by 2025, compared to 2009 volumes. This goal is to be achieved mainly by building the new waste disposal site, collecting green waste and kitchen waste separately, and promoting more awareness among residents regarding waste avoidance and separation.

4.3.4. Mobility Cluj-Napoca has a complex system of regional transportation, providing road, air and rail connections to major cities in Romania and Europe. A traffic study was conducted in 2010, a more comprehensive mobility study is planned for 2013.

Mobility strategy 2014-2020 The reduction of parking spaces and increase of prices for remaining parking spaces in the city centre. In turn, new underground parking is to be provided, plus car parks outside the city centre, which are to be closely connected to public transport (Park & Ride). Pedestrian zones and reduced speed zones are to be additionally provided in the city centre. Public transport availability is to be extended, and its quality to be improved.

Motorised private transport Cluj-Napoca is an important node in the European road network, being on three different European routes (E60, E81 and E576). At a national level, the city is located on three different main national roads: DN1, DN1C and DN1F. The Romanian Motorway A3, also known as Transylvania Motorway (Autostrada Transilvania), currently under construction, will link the city with Bucharest and Romania's western border. The 2B section between Câmpia Turzii and Cluj Vest (Gilău) opened in late 2010.

In 2011, 73'096 passenger cars, 4747 mopeds, 19335 trucks were registered in the city. The municipal car fleet consists of more than a dozen cars.

8 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Public transport Cluj-Napoca features a public transportation system (RATUC, Autonomous Administration subordinated to City Hall) consisting of 213 diesel buses, 93 trolley buses and 36 trams (see Table 1). It provides comprehensive, good access throughout the entire city, i.e. from every point within the city a bus or tram stop can be accessed on foot within 5-7 minutes. Buses and trams run every 4-5 minutes in the city centre, less often in the city outskirts (operation hours: daily from 4.30am to 11.30pm). On average, 140.000 one way tickets are sold per day, and the municipality subsidises public transportation tickets for students, pensioners and children with more than RON25 million per year (EUR5.5 million). In 2011, electricity consumption of trolley buses and trams accounted for 14.2 GWh/a, while buses consumed 3.7 million litres of diesel. More than 50% of the buses and trams are old and need to be replaced soon. Also, in peak traffic buses get stuck in traffic jams in certain areas of the city centre (only 2-3 km separate bus lanes).

No Indicators Tramways Trolley buses Buses Total 1 Number of routes 3 6 37 46 2 Length of routes (km) 13.2 22 97.3 132.5 3 Transport vehicles 36 93 213 342 4 Average fleet working days 21 64 124 209 Average fleet non-working 5 7 23 52 82 days Percentage of passengers 6 23% 31% 46% 100% transported 7 Fleet utilization ratio(cup) 62% 69% 70% Table 1 Comparative indicators for each division of public transport in Cluj-Napoca

Public parking All public parking within the municipal territory is managed (Mondays - Saturdays, 7.00am - 9.00pm). Parking is free outside these times, except in car parks. Most of the income from parking fees goes towards the municipality’s overall budget.

Pedestrians Footpaths are provided on at least one side of most streets. In 2012, around 80% of these footpaths were in good condition; hazardous points in the remaining 20% are known, and measures have already been planned for improving the situation in the coming years. Pedestrians are able to cross roads at appropriate distances. Major pedestrian crossings have traffic lights and are clearly marked as crossings on the road.

9 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Cyclists The plan "mobile Cluj" presents existing and planned routes for cyclists. In 2012, there were about 59 km of cycle paths in the municipality, another 18 km are planned in a project funded by the EU. They represent a network that extends and continues to suburbs and aims to reduce car traffic, green transport and encourage the use of bicycles as an alternative means of transport to improve urban mobility in Cluj Metropolitan Area. This will be achieved by building a network of 50 stations in rental bicycles self-service and developing a coherent network of tracks and trails for cyclists, the territory of Cluj-Napoca, commune Floresti and village Apahida.

4.3.5. Internal organisation The SEAP was prepared with the cooperation of the following institutions and companies (SEAP Committee):

- Mrs. HORVATH Anna, Vice mayor / Cluj-Napoca City Hall- coordinator,

- Mrs. Moigradan Olimpia, Executive Director / Economic Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mr. Porutiu Virgil , Executive Director / Technical Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall•member,

- Mrs. Ardeus Iulia, Executive Director / Department of Municipal Patrimony and Property Records / Cluj-Napoca City Hall -member,

- Mr. Valer Suciu, Executive Director / Department of Administration / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mrs. Madaras Julieta, Head of Budget Office / Economic Department / Cluj- Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mr. loan Bogdan, Head of Financial Office /Economic Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mrs. Magureanu Adriana , Head of Technical Office, Buildings Repair, Utilities Monitoring / Technical Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mrs. Hent Liana, Head of Investments Office / Technical Department Cluj-Napoca City Hall • member,

- Mrs. Marincean Mirela, Head of Urban Traffic Safety, Urban Networks and Local Transport / Technical Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mr. Moldovan Vasile, Head of the Green Spaces, Historic Monuments Urban Ecology Office / Technical Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall -member,

10 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

- Mrs. Miron Mihaela, Head of the Patrimony Records and Cadastre / Department of Municipal Patrimony and Property Records / Cluj-Napoca City Hall -member,

- Mr. Madru Josif, Head of Human Resources Office / Cluj-Napoca City Hall,

- Mr. Raulea Adrian, Head of Strategy and Local Development, Project Management Office/ Communications, Public Relations and Tourism Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member ,

- Mrs. Spiroiu Sanda, Head of the Urban Planning Office / Urban Planning Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mrs. Muresan Oana, Head of the Citizen Information Centre / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mrs. Ana Maria Lazarica, Project Manager Advisor, Strategy and Local Development, Project Management Office / Communications, Public Relations and Tourism Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member

- Mr. Revesz Bogdan Alexandru, Project Manager Advisor, Strategy and Local Development, Project Management Office / Communications, Public Relations and Tourism Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- A representative of the Autonomous Administration of Urban Passenger Transport Cluj-Napoca

- Technical Director of the Autonomous Administration of District Heating Cluj- Napoca

- A representative of the Somes Water Company SA Cluj-Napoca

- A representative of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Cluj

- A representative of the County School Inspectorate Cluj

- A representative of the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

- A representative of Babes –Bolyai University

- A representative of the Environmental Protection Agency Cluj

The same committee supported the European Energy Award process. The SEAP Committee will be responsible for implementing the measures set out in the SEAP and for meeting the CO2 target. An energy department will additionally be created soon. This department will be responsible for coordinating the energy-related projects, for collecting relevant data centrally, and for monitoring progress towards achieving the targets.

11 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Performance specifications have been established for all municipal employees, and external service providers are subject to contractual performance obligations. These will be supplemented by energy-related aspects as soon as possible.

4.3.6. Communication channels The municipality uses the following channels for external communication:

- Website

- IT system – e-administration

- Press conferences (local television stations, news portal operators, local press)

- Press releases

- Mayor’s Facebook and Twitter pages

- Posters

- Magazine (printed; distributed to households 4 x per year; print run of 100,000)

Internal communication uses the municipality’s own online platform (intranet) and the staff magazine.

4.4. Financial aspects and monitoring

4.4.1. Financial sources The municipality’s costs of achieving the CO2 targets by 2020 are around EUR180 million. The necessary funds will come from the following budgets and funds:

- Budget of the municipality, the metropolitan area and the county

- Governmental funds

- International funds (i.e. European Union, Swiss-Romanian Cooperation Program)

4.4.2. Monitoring Implementation and monitoring committee members, will be responsible for monitoring the activities listed in section 6. It will provide an annual progress report to the SEAP Committee. Additionally, an implementation report will be submitted to the Covenant of Mayors every two years, setting out the current progress of SEAP implementation and the effects of measures already implemented. Among others, the European Energy Award tools will be used for implementation and to support monitoring.

12 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

5. Baseline Emission Inventory

5.1. Final energy consumption In 2011, the final energy consumption of Cluj-Napoca amounted to roughly 3.4 TWh. Table 2 shows energy consumption by sector and energy carrier.

Natural Electricity Heat/cold Diesel Petrol Total Gas Buildings, Equipment/Facilities: Municipal buildings, equipment/facilities 289'402 289'402 289'402 289'402 289'402 289'402 Tertiary buildings, equipment/facilities 754'239 754'239 754'239 754'239 754'239 754'239 Residential buildings 1'635'380 1'635'380 1'635'380 1'635'380 1'635'380 1'635'380 Municipal public lighting 11'263 11'263 11'263 11'263 11'263 11'263 Subtotal 363'676 170'493 2'156'115 0 0 2'690'285 Transport: Municipal fleet 0 0 0 0 143 143 Public transport 14'193 0 0 36'734 0 50'927 Private and commercial transport 0 0 0 300'188 324'145 624'333 Subtotal 14'193 0 0 336'922 324'288 675'402 Total 377'869 170'493 2'156'115 336'922 324'288 3'365'687 Table 2 Final energy consumption of Cluj-Napoca in 2011 (values are in MWh/a)

5.2. CO2 emissions Energy consumption in 2011 caused CO2 emissions of almost 1 million tons. Emission values by sector and energy carrier are shown in Table 3.

Natural Electricity Heat/cold Diesel Petrol Total Gas Buildings, Equipment/Facilities: Municipal buildings, equipment/facilities 3'795 1'147 56'942 0 0 61'884 Tertiary buildings, equipment/facilities 69'883 2'910 131'144 0 0 203'937 Residential buildings 173'364 89'202 247'449 0 0 510'015 Municipal public lighting 7'895 0 0 0 0 7'895 Subtotal 254'937 93'260 435'535 0 0 783'732 Transport: Municipal fleet 0 0 0 0 35 35 Public transport 9'949 0 0 9'808 0 19'757 Private and commercial transport 0 0 0 80'150 80'712 160'862 Subtotal 9'949 0 0 89'958 80'748 180'655 Total 264'886 93'260 435'535 89'958 80'748 964'387 Table 3 CO2 emissions of Cluj-Napoca in 2011 (values are in tons per year (t/a))

The calculated CO2 emissions are based on the CO2-emission factors shown in Table 4. Electricity Heat/cold Natural Gas Diesel Petrol CO2-emission factors [in t/MWh] 0.701 0.547 0.202 0.267 0.249 Table 4 CO2-emission factors used for the calculation of the values presented in Table 3.

13 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

5.2.1. Local electricity generation and related CO2 emissions More than 37 GWh/a of electricity was generated locally by cogeneration power plants in 2011. Natural gas alone was used as energy input (see Table 5).

Locally Energy Corresponding CO2- CO2 generated input: emission factors for emissions electricity Natural gas electricity generation in [t/a] [MWh/a] (MWh/a) [t/MWh]

Combined Heat and Power 37'453 61'019 12'326 0.329 Total 37'453 61'019 12'326 Table 5 Local electricity generation in Cluj-Napoca in 2011 and corresponding CO2 emissions.

5.2.2. Local urban heating and corresponding emissions About 293 GWh/a of heat was produced locally by cogeneration power plants and district heating plants in 2011. Only natural gas was used as energy input (see Table 6).

Locally Energy Corresponding CO2- CO2 generated input: emission factors for emissions heat Natural gas heat production in [t/a] [MWh/a] (MWh/a) [t/MWh] Combined Heat and Power 40'155 30'509 6'163 0.153 District Heating Plants 253'811 431'260 87'115 0.343 Total 293'966 461'769 93'277 Table 6 Local heat production in Cluj-Napoca in 2011 and corresponding CO2 emissions.

14 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

6. Planned Actions and Measures until 2020 This section sets out the measures that have been planned in order to ensure that the CO2 reduction targets will be reached. The measures cover the following areas:

- Buildings, equipment/facilities (municipal buildings, tertiary buildings, residential buildings, public lighting)

- Transport (municipal fleet, public transport, private and commercial transport)

- Local electricity production (photovoltaic, green certificates)

- Local heating/cooling (district heating, CHPs, solar thermal power plants, air conditioning)

- Land use planning

- Public procurement

- Working with citizens and stakeholders

- Internal organisation

Expected Expected Expected renewable Estimated costs energy CO2 energy [EUR] saving reduction production [MWh/a] [t/a] [MWh/a]

Buildings, Equipment / Facilities 72'600'000 435'800 0 87'670 Transport 61'900'000 139'330 0 44'907 1'100'000 Local Electricity Production 0 38'400 26'900 1'500'000/a Local Heating / Cooling 22'400'000 88'600 172'500 53'300 Land Use Planning 6'040'000 0 0 0 Public Procurement 0 0 0 0 Working with the Citizens and 1'400'000 0 0 0 Stakeholders 290'000/a Internal Organisation 0 0 0 0 165'440'000 Total 663'730 210'900 212'777 1'790'000/a Reduction in % 20% 22%

Table 7 provides an overview of the expected costs associated with implementing the measures planned by the municipality of Cluj-Napoca. For 2013-2020, these are around EUR180 million, with recurring annual costs making up around 10% of the total. It is expected that the implementation of planned measures will result in a reduction in CO2 emissions of 22% and in energy savings of around 20%. Additionally, the portion of renewable sources of energy in the total energy mix will increase by 8%.

15 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Expected Expected Expected renewable Estimated costs energy CO2 energy [EUR] saving reduction production [MWh/a] [t/a] [MWh/a]

16 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

6.1. Buildings, Equipment and Facilities

Expected Expected Expected Responsible renewable Implementation Estimated costs energy CO2 No. Fields of action KEY actions/measures department, person energy period [EUR] saving reduction or company production [MWh/a] [t/a] [MWh/a]

1 Municipal buildings, Refurbishment of 71 schools and Technical department 2013-2020 70'000'000 85'000 0 17'000 equipment/facilities kindergartens (21 thermal rehabilitation, 20 modernisation of heating source, 30 thermal rehabilitation + modernisation of heating source)

2 Municipal buildings, Energy efficient lighting in Technical department 2013-2016 1'000'000 400 0 300 equipment/facilities municipal buildings (LED) 3 Municipal buildings, Energy review of all municipal Technical department 2013 0 0 0 0 equipment/facilities buildings 4 Municipal buildings, Refurbishment concept Technical department 2013 0 0 0 0 equipment/facilities 5 Tertiary (non municipal) Renewal/rehabilitation rate of 3% Building owners 2013-2020 100'000 0 20'000 buildings, per year for tertiary buildings equipment/facilities Achieved via access to funds at favourable conditions (e.g. measures 53, 55); various communication measures (e.g. measures 51, 57, 58, 60); national funding programmes and EU funding. Values represent heat in the form of space heating and hot water.

17 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

6 Residential buildings Renewal/rehabilitation rate of 3% Building/apartment 2013-2020 250'000 0 50'000 per year for residential buildings owners (blocks of flats and individual houses). Achieved via access to funds at favourable conditions (e.g. measures 53-55); various communication measures (e.g. measures 51, 57, 60); national funding programmes and EU funding. Values represent heat in the form of space heating and hot water. 7 Municipal public lighting Introduction of telemanagement Technical department 2013 200'000 100 0 70 for public lighting (dimming, + EnergoBit + Elin overnight shutdown). GmbH

8 Municipal public lighting 1358 LED lamps for public Technical department 2013 1'400'000 300 0 300 lighting

18 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

6.2. Transport

Expected Expected Expected Responsible Estimated renewable Implementation energy CO2 No. Fields of action KEY actions/measures department, person or costs energy period saving reduction company [EUR] production [MWh/a] [t/a] [MWh/a] 9 Municipal fleet High energetic standards for new Technical department + cars in the public car fleet Strategy department 2013 0 0 0 0 10 Municipal fleet Replacement of 3 police cars Technical department 2013-2017 100'000 30 0 7 11 Municipal fleet Monitoring of public car fleet fuel Administrative consumption department 2013 0 0 0 0 13 Public transport 12 new electric buses for public RATUC + Technical transport (replacement of old diesel department buses) 2013 5'400'000 1'600 0 300 14 Public transport 12 new articulated trolley buses RATUC + Technical (replacement of old diesel buses) department 2014 6'200'000 1700 0 200 15 Public transport 4 new trams (replacement of old RATUC + Technical trams) department 2014 5'900'000 200 0 100 16 Public transport Extension of 7km tramway to RATUC + Technical Floresti department 2013-2015 6'400'000 0 0 0 17 Public transport Modernisation of the tram section RATUC + Technical Manastur-Railway Station Market department 2014-2014 17'000'000 300 0 200 18 Public transport Modernisation of the tram section RATUC + Technical Piata Garii - Bulevardul Muncii department 2013-2014 15'000'000 300 0 200 19 Public transport Introduction of e-ticketing system RATUC + Technical for public transport (improved department convenience) 2013-2014 1'000'000 0 0 0 20 Private and commercial 3% reduction of private transport in Technical department + transport the city area as a result of the PR department + urban implementation of measures 13-19, planning department + 21-25, 44-47, 57-58, 60 car owners 2013-2020 15'000 0 3'800 21 Private and commercial Periodic replacement of old Car owners transport passenger cars by more efficient cars 2013-2020 120'000 0 40'000 22 Private and commercial Speed reduction zones Technical department + transport traffic safety, urban and local transport networks department 2013-2015 1'000'000 200 0 100

19 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

23 Private and commercial Self-service bike rental network (51 Technical department + transport rental stations, 500 bikes, 35km Strategy department signposted new bike routes and dedicated lanes) 2013 3'900'000 0 0 0 24 Private and commercial Park & Ride: provision of new car Technical department + transport parks in the municipality’s outer Strategy department suburbs, which are to be closely to be connected to public transport. 2014-2017 evaluated 0 0 0 25 Private and commercial Public-private partnership project to Technical department + transport introduce car sharing offers Strategy department 2013-2016 0 0 0 0

20 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

6.3. Local electricity production

Expected Expected Expected Responsible Estimated renewable Implementation energy CO2 No. Fields of action KEY actions/measures department, person or costs energy period saving reduction company [EUR] production [MWh/a] [t/a] [MWh/a] 26 Photovoltaic 10 MW PV power plant on Technical department 2013-2014 0 0 3'500 2'500 197.86 ha. The city will receive 30% of total production. 27 Photovoltaic 2 PV power plants, 370 kW RATUC 2013 700'000 0 400 300 (charging stations for electric public transport buses) 28 Photovoltaic 150 kW photovoltaic power plants Technical department 2013-2017 300'000 0 1'600 1'100 on municipal buildings 29 Photovoltaic Photovoltaic power plants on Building owners 2013-2020 0 0 1'100 800 tertiary buildings 30 Photovoltaic Photovoltaic power plants on Building/apartment 2014-2016 0 0 1'800 1'200 residential buildings (30% through owners funding programme) 31 Green Certificates Purchase of Romanian green Technical department 2013 1'500'000/a 0 30'000 21'000 certificates for covering the power needs of municipal buildings and facilities, public lighting and public transport (to supplement municipal power generation plants). Cost: EUR50/MWh (hydro power), recurring annually until there is sufficient municipal power generation from renewable sources of energy.

32 Electricity supply The municipality will cooperate with Strategy department 2013-2020 0 0 0 0 other municipalities and promote the ability of all consumers within the municipality to choose their power mix.

21 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

6.4. Local heating and cooling

Expected Expected Expected Responsible Estimated renewable Implementation energy CO2 No. Fields of action KEY actions/measures department, person or costs energy period saving reduction company [EUR] production [MWh/a] [t/a] [MWh/a] 33 Combined Heat and Power 2 decentralised cogeneration power RAT 2014-2015 1'600'000 2'000 0 1'400 plants 34 Combined Heat and Power Landfill gas recovery and Cluj-Napoca City Hall 2013 to be 0 to be to be cogeneration power plant evaluated evaluated evaluated 35 Combined Heat and Power Biomass plant at new landfill (incl. Cluj-Napoca City Hall 2013 to be 0 to be to be biomass from waste) evaluated evaluated evaluated 36 District heating network Refurbishment of primary network RAT 2013-2016 60'000 0 12'000 (transport). Reduction of losses from 35% to 15%. 16'000'000 37 District heating network Refurbishment of secondary RAT 2013-2016 26'000 0 5'000 network (distribution). Reduction of losses from 20% to 10%. 38 Solar thermal power plants 10 solar thermal power plants on RAT 2014 1'100'000 0 central heating power plants 39 Solar thermal power plants 5'000m2 solar thermal panels on Technical department 2013-2017 3'200'000 0 2'500 500 municipal buildings 40 Solar thermal power plants 240'000m2 solar thermal panels on Building/apartment 2013-2020 0 120'000 24'000 residential buildings owners 41 Solar thermal power plants 100'000m2 solar thermal panels on Building owners 2013-2020 50'000 10'000 tertiary buildings 42 Cooling Replacement of around 500 air- Technical department 2013-2020 500'000 600 0 400 conditioning units in municipal buildings by more efficient units. 43 Industrial heat Assessment of industrial waste Strategy department 2013 0 0 0 0 heat potential on city area

22 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

6.5. Land use planning

Expected Expected Expected Responsible Estimated renewable Implementation energy CO2 No. Fields of action KEY actions/measures department, person or costs energy period saving reduction company [EUR] production [MWh/a] [t/a] [MWh/a] 44 Transport / mobility planning Development of a comprehensive Technical department + 2013 40'000 0 0 0 mobility plan Strategy department 45 Transport / mobility planning Extension of separate bus lanes Technical department + 2014-2017 6'000'000 0 0 0 network Strategy department 46 Transport / mobility planning Implementation of public policies to Technical department + 2013-2017 0 0 0 0 reduce traffic in the city centre Strategy department 47 Transport / mobility planning Increased parking fees in the city Technical department + 2013 0 0 0 0 centre Strategy department 48 Standards for refurbishment Minimum energetic requirements Technical department 2013 0 0 0 0 and new development for tenders (public acquisition) 49 Standards for refurbishment High energetic standards (efficiency Urban planning 2013 0 0 0 0 and new development and renewables) for new municipal department + Technical buildings and major refurbishment department work

6.6. Public procurement

Expected Expected Expected Responsible Estimated renewable Implementation energy CO2 No. Fields of action KEY actions/measures department, person or costs energy period saving reduction company [EUR] production [MWh/a] [t/a] [MWh/a] 50 Energy efficiency Green procurement guidelines for Public procurement 2013 0 0 0 0 requirements/standards city hall: highly energy efficient department + Energy products, recycled materials department

23 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

6.7. Working with citizens and stakeholders

51 Advisory services Intensification of consultation of Urban planning 2014-2020 0 0 0 0 building-owners department

52 Financial support and grants Subsidies for PV panels on Financial department 2014-2016 1'000'000 0 0 0 residential buildings and lands (30% of investment costs)

53 Financial support and grants Cooperation with local banks. Low PR department + local 2013-2020 400'000 0 0 0 interest credits for solar thermal or banks photovoltaic power plants and thermal rehabilitation of buildings. Active promotion of offers through the municipality.

54 Financial support and grants Subsidies for energy audits and Financial department 2013-2020 1'300'000 0 0 0 energy performance certificates for 200 blocks of flats.

55 Financial support and grants 50% property tax reduction for Financial department 2013-2020 2'000'000 0 0 0 green building owners

56 Awareness raising and local Communication concept. Points out PR department 2013 0 0 0 0 networking what needs to be communicated when to whom in what way.

57 Awareness raising and local Cooperation with professional Urban planning 2013-2020 200'000 0 0 0 networking investors (congress on energy, department + Patrimony climate and mobility relevant topics, department 2 days a year)

24 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

58 Awareness raising and local Close partnership with industry and Investors + Foreign 2013-2020 100'000 0 0 0 networking business (congress on energy, investors department climate and mobility relevant topics, 1 day a year)

59 Awareness raising and local Communication campaign for Private waste collection 2013-2020 80'000/a 0 0 0 networking selective waste collection companies + PR department

60 Awareness raising and local Raising awareness campaigns on Energy department + 2013-2020 200'000/a 0 0 0 networking energy issues (energy day and PR department mobility day, once a year)

61 Training and education Energy-related further training for Energy department 2013-2020 10'000/a 0 0 0 municipal employees

62 Training and education Distribution of a manual of Energy department 2013 0 0 0 0 environmental good practices and energy saving to municipal employees

6.8. Internal organisation

64 Internal organisation Allocation of responsibilities for Energy department + 2013 0 0 0 0 monitoring of energy consumption HR department (public buildings, city area, …)

25 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Appendix

List of appendices Appendix 1 - SEAP committee Appendix 2 - Letter of Recognition (European Energy Award)

26 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Appendix 1 - SEAP committee

27 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

28 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

Appendix 2 - Letter of Recognition (European Energy Award)

29 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca