Human Behavior During Spaceflight - Videncee from an Analog Environment
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Space Colonies & Lunar Bases
Space Colonies & Why Build Colonies? Lunar Bases ! It isn’t so expensive – US military is many 100’s of billions $ a year ! Fewer casualties than war – 17 astronauts in 45 years of space Karen J. Meech, flight were lost Astronomer ! Humans have an “expansionist” spirit – Much more real estate! ! Valuable resources could be brought to Earth. Institute for Astronomy ! Enough solar energy to rid the world of oil dependency could be brought to Earth for less than the cost of the Iraq war ! Profitable: e.g. 1 Metallic NEO $20 trillion, 3He as a fuel . ! Maybe the time has not yet come, but someday we will need what space can provide Space Habitat Design Shielding – Radiation Protection Considerations ! Shielding characterization ! Aereal density, d [gm/cm2] ! Physiological Needs ! Total amount of material matters ! Shielding ! Type of material: secondary ! Ionizing radiation & particles 3 2 ! Meteoritic impact ! 1 Earth Atmosphere: 10 gm/cm ! Atmospheric containment ! ! = mass / volume ! What pressure needed? ! ! = mass / (area ! thickness) ! Psychological Needs ! What mix of gasses? ! ! = m/(ax) = d / x ! Environment stress ! Gravitational acceleration ! x = thickness = d / ! ! Isolation ! Why it is needed 3 ! Personal space ! How to do it Substance ! [gm/cm ] d / !" x [cm] x [m] ! Illumination / Energy 3 ! Entertainment Lead 8 10 /8 125 1.25 ! ! Aesthetics Food / Water Styrofoam 0.01 103/10-2 105 103 ! Space Requirements Water 1 103/1 103 10 Shielding Types – Active Shielding Types – Passive ! Enough matter between us & radiation ! Examples -
Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp
Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp AIAA Space Mission System 2019-2020 Virginia Tech Aerospace Engineering Faculty Advisor : Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Team Members : Olivia Arthur, Bobby Aselford, Michel Becker, Patrick Crandall, Heidi Engebreth, Maedini Jayaprakash, Logan Lark, Nico Ortiz, Matthew Pieczynski, Brendan Ventura Member AIAA Number Member AIAA Number And Signature And Signature Faculty Advisor 25807 Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Brendan Ventura 1109196 Matthew Pieczynski 936900 Team Lead/Operations Logan Lark 902106 Heidi Engebreth 1109232 Structures & Environment Patrick Crandall 1109193 Olivia Arthur 999589 Power & Thermal Maedini Jayaprakash 1085663 Robert Aselford 1109195 CCDH/Operations Michel Becker 1109194 Nico Ortiz 1109533 Attitude, Trajectory, Orbits and Launch Vehicles Contents 1 Symbols and Acronyms 8 2 Executive Summary 9 3 Preface and Introduction 13 3.1 Project Management . 13 3.2 Problem Definition . 14 3.2.1 Background and Motivation . 14 3.2.2 RFP and Description . 14 3.2.3 Project Scope . 15 3.2.4 Disciplines . 15 3.2.5 Societal Sectors . 15 3.2.6 Assumptions . 16 3.2.7 Relevant Capital and Resources . 16 4 Value System Design 17 4.1 Introduction . 17 4.2 Analytical Hierarchical Process . 17 4.2.1 Longevity . 18 4.2.2 Expandability . 19 4.2.3 Scientific Return . 19 4.2.4 Risk . 20 4.2.5 Cost . 21 5 Initial Concept of Operations 21 5.1 Orbital Analysis . 22 5.2 Launch Vehicles . 22 6 Habitat Location 25 6.1 Introduction . 25 6.2 Region Selection . 25 6.3 Locations of Interest . 26 6.4 Eliminated Locations . 26 6.5 Remaining Locations . 27 6.6 Chosen Location . -
Habitation Module 26 July 2016 – NASA Advisory Council, Human Exploration and Operations Committee
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Habitation Module 26 July 2016 – NASA Advisory Council, Human Exploration and Operations Committee Jason Crusan | Advanced Exploration Systems Director | NASA Headquarters 2 Human Exploration of Mars Is Hard Common Capability Needs Identified from Multiple Studies Days Reliable In-Space 800-1,100 44 min Transportation Total me crew is Maximum two- away from Earth – way communicaon for orbit missions all in 2me delay – 300 KW Micro-g and Radia2on Autonomous Opera2ons Total connuous transportaon power 130 t Heavy-LiA Mass 20-30 t Long Surface Stay Multiple Ability to 500 Days Launches per land large mission payloads Surface Operations Dust Toxicity and 100 km 11.2 km/s Long Range Explora2on Earth Entry Speed 20 t Oxygen produced for ascent to orbit - ISRU 3 The Habitation Development Challenge HABITATATION CAPABILITY Days 800-1,100 Habitation Systems – Total me crew is AES/ISS/STMD away from Earth – • Environmental Control & Life Support for orbit missions all in • Autonomous Systems Micro-g and Radia2on Integrated • EVA testing on ISS • Fire Safety • Radiation Protection Habitation Systems - Crew Health – HRP Long Surface Stay • Human Research 500 Days • Human Performance • Exercise PROVING GROUND Validation in cislunar space • Nutrition Habitation Capability– NextSTEP BAA / Int. Partners • Studies and ground prototypes of pressurized volumes 4 Specific Habitation Systems Objectives TODAY FUTURE Habitation The systems, tools, and protec:ons that allow Systems Elements humans to live and work -
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Commercial Orbital Transportation Services A New Era in Spaceflight NASA/SP-2014-617 Commercial Orbital Transportation Services A New Era in Spaceflight On the cover: Background photo: The terminator—the line separating the sunlit side of Earth from the side in darkness—marks the changeover between day and night on the ground. By establishing government-industry partnerships, the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program marked a change from the traditional way NASA had worked. Inset photos, right: The COTS program supported two U.S. companies in their efforts to design and build transportation systems to carry cargo to low-Earth orbit. (Top photo—Credit: SpaceX) SpaceX launched its Falcon 9 rocket on May 22, 2012, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. (Second photo) Three days later, the company successfully completed the mission that sent its Dragon spacecraft to the Station. (Third photo—Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls) Orbital Sciences Corp. sent its Antares rocket on its test flight on April 21, 2013, from a new launchpad on Virginia’s eastern shore. Later that year, the second Antares lifted off with Orbital’s cargo capsule, (Fourth photo) the Cygnus, that berthed with the ISS on September 29, 2013. Both companies successfully proved the capability to deliver cargo to the International Space Station by U.S. commercial companies and began a new era of spaceflight. ISS photo, center left: Benefiting from the success of the partnerships is the International Space Station, pictured as seen by the last Space Shuttle crew that visited the orbiting laboratory (July 19, 2011). More photos of the ISS are featured on the first pages of each chapter. -
Workstation Designs for a Cis-Lunar Deep Space Habitat
Workstation Designs for a Cis-lunar Deep Space Habitat A. Scott Howe, PhD1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109 Using the International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR) system, a suite of workstations required for deep space missions have been proposed to fill out habitation functions in an International Space Station (ISS) derived Cis-lunar Deep Space Habitat. This paper introduces the functional layout of the Cis-lunar habitat design, and describes conceptual designs for modular deployable work surfaces, General Maintenance Workstation (GMWS), In-Space Manufacturing Workstation (ISMW), Intra-Vehicular Activity Telerobotics Work Station (IVA-TRWS), and Galley / Wardroom. Nomenclature AES = NASA Advanced Exploration Systems project ATHLETE = All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer robotic mobility system CTB = Cargo Transfer Bag D-RATS = NASA Desert Research and Technology Studies DSH = Deep Space Habitat EAM = Exploration Augmentation Module EXPRESS = EXpedite the PRocessing of Experiments for Space Station GMWS = General Maintenance Work Station HDU = Habitat Demonstration Unit HERA = Human Exploration Research Analog ISMW = In-Space Manufacturing Work Station ISPR = International Standard Payload Rack ISIS = International Subrack Interface Standard ISS = International Space Station IVA = Intravehicular Activity MPCV = Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle MPLM = Multi-Purpose Logistics Module PLSS = Personal Life Support System RAF = Random Access Frames TRWS = Telerobotics -
FROM SPACE TOURISTS to UNRULY PASSENGERS? the US STRUGGLE with ‘ON-ORBIT JURISDICTION’ Frans G
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Space, Cyber, and Telecommunications Law Law, College of Program Faculty Publications 2014 From Space Tourists to Unruly Passengers? The U.S. Struggle with "On-Orbit Jurisdiction" F. G. von der Dunk University of Nebraska–Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/spacelaw Part of the Air and Space Law Commons von der Dunk, F. G., "From Space Tourists to Unruly Passengers? The .SU . Struggle with "On-Orbit Jurisdiction"" (2014). Space, Cyber, and Telecommunications Law Program Faculty Publications. 81. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/spacelaw/81 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law, College of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Space, Cyber, and Telecommunications Law Program Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. IAC-14,E7,4.2x21779 FROM SPACE TOURISTS TO UNRULY PASSENGERS? THE US STRUGGLE WITH ‘ON-ORBIT JURISDICTION’ Frans G. von der Dunk University of Nebraska-Lincoln, College of Law, Space, Cyber and Telecommunications Law Program [email protected] Abstract With the first proper commercial sub-orbital ‘space tourist’ flights seemingly around the corner, the need to develop a proper legal system addressing all relevant parameters, scenarios and events also arises more visibly. This is particularly true for the United States, where so far the major developments in private manned spaceflight are concentrated, some of which may soon move from relatively straightforward up-and-down sub-orbital trajectories to longer-duration sub- orbital and/or orbital flights, or even long-duration presence in (potentially private) space stations. -
SternHabitat: Colonization of the Kuiper Belt with Current Technology
Stern Habitat: Colonization of the Kuiper Belt With Current Technology Sean Kinney Table of Contents: 1. Executive Summary 2. Why Colonize the Kuiper Belt? 3. Description of Habitation Cylinders 3.1. Overview and General Requirements 3.2. Physical Structure, Mass, and Strength Requirements 3.3. Lighting, Electricity, and Heat Disposal Requirements 3.4. Life Support and Waste Recycling 3.5. Climate Control 3.6. General layout, transportation 3.7. Day/Night Cycles, “Time Management,” and Specialization of Habitats 4. Description of Superstructure 4.1. Overview 4.2. Parabolic Mirrors 4.3. Cylinder Protection 4.4. Lighting and Heat Dissipation of Cylinders 4.5. “Drydocks” and Ship Docking 4.6. Heat Dissipation and Climate Control 4.7. Transport around Superstructure 5. Industry 5.1. Overview of industrial cylinders 5.2. Composition of KBO material 5.3. Mining and transport of KBO material 5.4. Processing of KBO material 5.5. Oxygen regeneration and electricity requirements 6. Transport to/from colony, likely major exports/imports, management of habitat 6.1. Trade and Transportation between Colony and Inner Solar System 6.2. Research Opportunities 6.3. Management of Habitat 7. Bibliography Acknowledgements: I would like to thank my parents and my physics teacher, Mr. Strickland, for helping proofread this paper and for acting as a sounding board for some of my ideas. 1 Executive Summary: This is a paper discussing the design, purpose, and operation of the Stern habitat, which orbits the Kuiper Belt object 486958 Arrokoth. The habitat is named after Alan Stern, who is the principle investigator of NASA’s New Horizons mission. -
Please Type Your Paper Title Here In
Estimating the Reliability of a Soyuz Spacecraft Mission Michael G. Lutomskia*, Steven J. Farnham IIb, and Warren C. Grantb aNASA-JSC, Houston, TX – [email protected] bARES Corporation, Houston, TX Abstract: Once the US Space Shuttle retires in 2010, the Russian Soyuz Launcher and Soyuz Spacecraft will comprise the only means for crew transportation to and from the International Space Station (ISS). The U.S. Government and NASA have contracted for crew transportation services to the ISS with Russia. The resulting implications for the US space program including issues such as astronaut safety must be carefully considered. Are the astronauts and cosmonauts safer on the Soyuz than the Space Shuttle system? Is the Soyuz launch system more robust than the Space Shuttle? Is it safer to continue to fly the 30 year old Shuttle fleet for crew transportation and cargo resupply than the Soyuz? Should we extend the life of the Shuttle Program? How does the development of the Orion/Ares crew transportation system affect these decisions? The Soyuz launcher has been in operation for over 40 years. There have been only two loss of life incidents and two loss of mission incidents. Given that the most recent incident took place in 1983, how do we determine current reliability of the system? Do failures of unmanned Soyuz rockets impact the reliability of the currently operational man-rated launcher? Does the Soyuz exhibit characteristics that demonstrate reliability growth and how would that be reflected in future estimates of success? NASA’s next manned rocket and spacecraft development project is currently underway. -
Evolved Expendable Launch Operations at Cape Canaveral, 2002-2009
EVOLVED EXPENDABLE LAUNCH OPERATIONS AT CAPE CANAVERAL 2002 – 2009 by Mark C. Cleary 45th SPACE WING History Office PREFACE This study addresses ATLAS V and DELTA IV Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) operations at Cape Canaveral, Florida. It features all the EELV missions launched from the Cape through the end of Calendar Year (CY) 2009. In addition, the first chapter provides an overview of the EELV effort in the 1990s, summaries of EELV contracts and requests for facilities at Cape Canaveral, deactivation and/or reconstruction of launch complexes 37 and 41 to support EELV operations, typical EELV flight profiles, and military supervision of EELV space operations. The lion’s share of this work highlights EELV launch campaigns and the outcome of each flight through the end of 2009. To avoid confusion, ATLAS V missions are presented in Chapter II, and DELTA IV missions appear in Chapter III. Furthermore, missions are placed in three categories within each chapter: 1) commercial, 2) civilian agency, and 3) military space operations. All EELV customers employ commercial launch contractors to put their respective payloads into orbit. Consequently, the type of agency sponsoring a payload (the Air Force, NASA, NOAA or a commercial satellite company) determines where its mission summary is placed. Range officials mark all launch times in Greenwich Mean Time, as indicated by a “Z” at various points in the narrative. Unfortunately, the convention creates a one-day discrepancy between the local date reported by the media and the “Z” time’s date whenever the launch occurs late at night, but before midnight. (This proved true for seven of the military ATLAS V and DELTA IV missions presented here.) In any event, competent authorities have reviewed all the material presented in this study, and it is releasable to the general public. -
NASA's SPACE EXPLORATION PLANNING: the ASTEROID
65th International Astronautical Congress, Toronto, Canada, Copyright 2014 by the International Astronautical Federation. All rights reserved. NASA’s SPACE EXPLORATION PLANNING: THE ASTEROID MISSION AND THE STEP-WISE PATH TO MARS Kathleen C. Laurini NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA, [email protected] Michele M. Gates NASA, Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA, [email protected] Within the U.S. space policy framework, NASA continues to advance its space exploration programs and plans to remain a world leader and valuable partner in space exploration. NASA’s programs reflect the importance of human space exploration in the U.S. by focusing on the foundational capabilities and technologies which will ensure government investments continue to drive innovation and enable exciting missions as part of a step-wise path to Mars. NASA is focusing on developing these initial capabilities while collaboratively working with international partners to define a technically feasible and programmatically implementable strategy for deep space exploration. This paper summarizes this work and how NASA’s approach to capability development enables a step-wise path to human exploration of Mars, with missions along the way providing the opportunity to infuse new technologies, advance capabilities, learn to manage the risks of operations in deep space while using the presence of the crew to explore, discover and inspire. NASA is laying the groundwork for the partnerships necessary to explore beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO). In addition to the International Space Station enabling important learning related to long duration mission human health and performance, the heavy lift launcher Space Launch System (SLS) and the Orion crew vehicle are foundational capabilities under development for human missions beyond LEO. -
International Legal Regulation of Space Tourism
International Legal Regulation of Space Tourism Irina Rуzhenko1 Ph.D. in Law, Associate Professor, Kherson State University (Kherson, Ukraine) E-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9208-2132 Olena Halahan2 Senior lecturer, Kherson State Maritime Academy (Kherson, Ukraine) E-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8392-6965 Rуzhenko, Irina, and Olena Halahan (2020) International Legal Regulation of Space Tourism. Advanced Space Law, Volume 5, 83-90. https://doi.org/10.29202/asl/2020/5/8 The article analyzes the state of legal regulation of the process of organization and implementation of space tourism, defines the features of its application and its place in modern international space law. The legal norms in the field of space travel and the legal bases of their organization were analyzed. An attempt to analyze the legal status of persons taking part in space missions was made. The issue of the international legal personality of the participants of the space tourist service contract was investigated. Particular attention was paid to the legal status of space tourists. The content of the definition of “cosmonauts as messengers of humanity into space” was analyzed. The issues of the risks inherent in space tourism activities and the international legal liability of the parties to the space tourist services contract were considered. It has been stated that a space traveler has a certain amount of rights and obligations throughout the period, from the beginning of preparation to the journey and ending with the period after returning to Earth. An indicative list of space tourists’ rights has been restated, and examples of their obligations and limitations in time and space have been provided. -
2016 Appalachian Student Research Forum Page 1
2016 Appalachian Student Research Forum April 6 - 7, 2016 D. P. Culp Center at ETSU • Johnson City, TN _________________________ coordinated by The Office of Research and Sponsored Programs Table of Contents Schedule of Events ........................................................................................ 1 Keynote Presentation .................................................................................... 2 ASRF Task Force Members ......................................................................... 3 ASRF Judges ................................................................................................. 4 ASRF Sponsors ............................................................................................. 5 Special Thanks .............................................................................................. 6 Exhibitors ...................................................................................................... 7 Presentations Oral Master’s & Doctoral Candidates: Biomedical and Health Sciences ...... 8 Master’s Candidates: Society, Behavior and Learning ........................ 16 Master’s Candidates: Natural Sciences ................................................ 28 Doctoral Candidates: Social and Behavioral Sciences ......................... 34 Medical Residents, Clinical Fellows Medical Students and Pharmacy Students ....................................... 41 Poster Undergraduates Society, Behavior, Learning, Humanities, and Engineering......................45 Natural Sciences ........................................................................................61