The Civil War and Dutchess County, New York Part I
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The Civil War and Dutchess County, New York Part I Dutchess County Historical Society 2015 Yearbook • Volume 94 Candace J. Lewis, Editor Publications Committee: Candace J. Lewis, Ph.D., Editor Roger Donway, Deborah Golomb, Eileen Hayden Julia Hotton, Carla Lesh, Melodye Moore and Patty Moore Designer: Marla Neville, Main Printing www.mymainprinter.com Printer: NetPub, Inc. www.netpub.net Dutchess County Historical Society Yearbook 2015 Volume 94 • Published annually since 1915 Copyright © by Dutchess County Historical Society ISSN: 0739-8565 ISBN: 978-0-944733-11-0 Cover: Rich Mountain, Beverly, West Virginia, 2011. Living history event. Photograph taken at the summit of Rich Mountain, approximately 1:00 p.m. Arrived at this point after a six hour march. The fog obscured the view so individuals on the march had few clues as to where they were. Collection of Mike Peets. The Society is a not-for-profit educational organization that collects, preserves, and interprets the history of Dutchess County, New York, from the period of the arrival of the first Native Americans until the present day. Dutchess County Historical Society P.O. Box 88 Poughkeepsie, NY 12602 845-471-1630 Email: [email protected] www.dutchesscountyhistoricalsociety.org This issue of the Dutchesss County Historical Society’sT ITLE iii yearbook has been generously underwritten by the following: Anonymous L “Common looking people are the best in the world; that is the reason the Lord makes so many of them.” Abraham Lincoln: Recounting, to his secretary, John Hay, a remark made in his dream, December 23, 1864. Shirley M. Handel L iv DCHS YEARBOOK 2014 LTC Gilbert A. Krom M Lou and Candace J. Lewis X TITLE v Logan Reed N ower. Possibil le. P ities op . Pe Central Hudson A COMPANY vi DCHS YEARBOOK 2014 Lou Lewis J. Scott Greer Veronica A. McMillan Corporate, Commercial & Business Law; ~ Construction Law; Joan Quinn Municipal Law; Dylan C. Harris Real Property Tax Law 510 Haight Avenue • Poughkeepsie, NY 12603 Phone: (845) 454-1200 • Fax (845) 454-3315 Visit our website at www.lewisgreer.com TITLE vii Best Wishes to the Dutchess County Historical Society For Continued Success 63 Washington Street Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 845-486-6800 viii DCHS YEARBOOK 2014 Table of Contents Introduction by the County Historian .................................................... xi Letter from the Editor .......................................................................... xii FORUM: The Civil War And Dutchess County, New York (Part 1) After the Battle of Gettysburg: The Death of Dutchess County Soldier, Albert Reed ........................... 3 by Newton Reed The New York Constitutional Ratification Convention of 1788, Slavery, and the Coming of the Civil War .......................................... 11 by John Barry “We Support No Man Who Votes against Liberty” ........................... 25 by F. Kennon Moody John A. Bolding, Fugitive Slave ........................................................ 43 by Helen Wilkinson Reynolds John A. Bolding: The Rest of His Story ............................................ 49 by Eileen Mylod Hayden “From your son...,” The Civil War Letters of Pvt. Evert Traver, Company C, 128th Reg't, N.Y.S.V.I ................................................... 51 by Dean Thomas Oration at Gettysburg ......................................................................... 75 by Henry A. Gildersleeve Living History: History taken out of the Book and in to the World ............................................................................. 89 by Peter S. Bedrossian and Michael Peets The Second Surrender: Sherman’s 1865 Campaign in the Carolinas and the End of the Civil War ............................................................ 103 by Keith Altavilla ARTICLES: Miscellaneous Topics in Dutchess County History The Hart-Hubbard Farm Records Collection ................................... 123 by Carla R. Lesh Nitgedaiget: A Vanished Utopia ....................................................... 131 by Diane Lapis Memories: The Life I’ve Lived ........................................................ 147 by Doris Muller Wheeler A Traver Family Saga .......................................................................157 by Nancy V. Kelly ADDENDA Contributors ..................................................................................... 171 Call for Papers ................................................................................ 175 DCHS Trustees and Staff ................................................................. 177 DCHS: Review of the Year 2015 ...................................................... 178 DCHS Donors .................................................................................. 180 Municipal Historians and Historical Societies of Dutchess County .............................................................................. 184 Dutchess County Historical Society Membership ........................... 188 Introduction This year marks the 150th anniversary of our Civil War’s conclusion in 1865. While surrenders at Appomattox Court House in Virginia and Bennett Place in North Caro- lina formally concluded hostilities between Union and Confederate forces, the echoes of that great fratricidal conflagration remain with us today. Dutchess County soil did not feel the primary impact of that conflict: no battles were fought here nor was our coun- ty occupied by enemy forces. Thousands of Dutchess County men, however, bled and died on far-flung battlefields, while the civilian population at home worked tirelessly to support military ac- tions to the southwards. The following pages explore the many facets of our Civil War’s impact on Dutchess County life. The Forum section includes firsthand accounts from Dutchess County veterans mixed with scholarly perspectives on the Civil War’s deep roots in Dutchess County, including connections with the 1788 Constitution Ratification Convention in Poughkeepsie and our home-grown abolitionist movement. A special photo essay probes the experience of the Civil War Living History hobby. The Gen- eral History Articles section explores a variety of other stories from our county’s past, including the apple industry, summer camps, and family stories. This volume continues the Yearbook’s sterling record of linking local perspectives to our nation’s greatest events. by William P. Tatum III Dutchess County Historian xii DCHS YEARBOOK 2014 Letter from the Editor Now, in 2015, we are looking back over 150 years to the end of the greatest conflict in American history and the one that, arguably, has most shaped our nation. For decades before the first shot was fired at Fort Sumter in the harbor at Charleston, South Carolina, the nation was ripping itself apart over how American life was to be shaped then and in the future. The words from the second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence rang with a clarion call: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are creat- ed equal...” But not all citizens heard the same message. Many in the South sought to maintain a way of life built on upholding the principle of States’ Rights, the cultivation of cotton, and the free labor of African-Americans; in addition they sought to extend their laws into western territories and new states. Meanwhile, many in the North took a contrary view that “all men created equal” meant that slavery should end. The Forum section for the 2015 yearbook is devoted to topics relating to the Civil War. We have had a great many submissions on this subject and, thus, will continue the theme of the Civil War next year. The narrative of a young soldier from Amenia and his father shortly after the battle of Gettysburg is the starting point for our look at the Civil War and Dutchess County, as the war touched every soldier and every civilian in the northern States and the southern states, not least our own county. This story is fol- lowed by four essays related to slavery and events preceding the war and, then, two eye witness accounts of the war by men who were soldiers. There follows an essay describing how we today attempt to re-create the life and times of the Civil War through living history. Finally, as part of the Forum section, we offer a compelling scholarly account of the final months of fighting in 1865 as the war drew to a difficult close. In the Articles section, yearbook 2015 also presents materials on the general history of the coun- ty with essays on a new collection from a family with an apple orchard business, a Yiddish camp in Beacon, a memoir of life in the mid-twentieth century, and a genealogy of a Rhinebeck family. By the election of Abraham Lincoln as President and the start of the war in 1860 and 1861, the focus of the conflict between North and South had shifted dramatically from the issue of slavery to the question of preser- vation of the union of the United States of America. Soon young men of Dutchess County would be signing up to fight in the Union army for duty and country. Working as editor of this volume, I had my own discoveries— one of them being this fact, that is—that at the beginning of hostilities in TITLE xiii 1861 and thereafter, there was a significant shift in the written words of ordinary people from discussions of the expansion of slavery into new territories to discussions of keeping the country together. Not until twenty- five years later would many men who had fought in the war—such as Judge Gildersleeve in this issue—look back with pride and say that one of the primary objectives