The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W7, 2017 ISPRS Geospatial Week 2017, 18–22 September 2017, Wuhan,

Research on key technology of Mining Remote Sensing Dynamic Monitoring Information System

Jiuhu Sun, Hengmao Xiang Provincial Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, ,250102, China-(sunjhgis,hmxiang2003)@126.com

KEY WORDS: Mining, Remote Sensing, dynamic monitoring, mobile GIS , tiantidu

ABSTRACT:

Problems exist in remote sensing dynamic monitoring of mining are expounded, general idea of building remote sensing dynamic monitoring information system is presented, and timely release of service-oriented remote sensing monitoring results is established. Mobile device-based data verification subsystem is developed using mobile GIS, remote sensing dynamic monitoring information system of mining is constructed, and "timely release, fast handling and timely feedback" rapid response mechanism of remote sensing dynamic monitoring is implemented.

1. INTRODUCTION Hongsong,2007). After achieving success, Shandong Province has carried out multi-round monitoring in 93 Mineral resources are an important material basis of China's counties (cities and districts) of the province successively. social and economic development. For a long time, Through monitoring and field verification statistics, the development and utilization of mineral resources have been distribution status and property of unlicensed mining and relatively extensive in China due to various reasons. There patch mining in the monitoring zone have been identified, are still some prominent problems exist in management of and cross-border mining, mining instead of exploration and mineral resources development, and mine exploitation has other illegal phenomena are found timely, thereby providing caused a serious waste. The Party Central Committee and the comprehensive and accurate first-hand information and basis State Council attach importance to the protection and rational for mining administration and management departments' development and utilization of mineral resources, and have management and law enforcement. made comprehensive efforts to rectify and standardize the order of mineral resources development. Compared with 1.2 Existing Problems conventional means, remote sensing technology performs detection in a high-altitude aerial view way, which can Shandong Province has carried out five rounds of remote surmount traffic barriers and visual limits; remote sensing sensing dynamic monitoring in open pit mines in the entire dynamic monitoring can quickly and duly provide relevant province's bedrock areas, and has accumulated a wealth of departments with timely and objective basic data and experience. However, the intermittent uncertainty of illegal decision-making basis for exercise of governmental functions mining, the variability of patch mining, and the "guerrilla" and rectification of mining development order, can enhance character and repeatability of covert mining have led to the the high-tech content in supervision and management, and following problems in the remote sensing dynamic can improve the efficiency of supervision and management monitoring work: and the quality of management; meanwhile, mineral i) Untimely release of remote sensing monitoring results. resources exploitation remote sensing monitoring has also Due to the large scope of monitoring area, remote sensing formed a relatively mature technological roadmap image processing and patch interpretation workloads are (Datcu,2003; Nie Hongfeng,2007; Chen Weitao,2009; Nan large. As remote sensing monitoring results are distributed to Junxiang,2012; Wang Yonggang,2008). Shandong Province cities and counties in the traditional way of map printing, has been carrying out mining remote sensing monitoring pilot suspected illegal patches cannot be found and verified timely. work since 2006 to provide scientific and reliable information ii) The poor quality of data verification. for mineral resources regulation utilizing the advanced, broad In accordance with the existing mining administration and and time-sensitive characteristics of remote sensing management system, suspected illegal patch mining shall be technology. At present, remote sensing dynamic monitoring verified and handled by local mining administration and mechanism has been formed for open pit mines in Shandong management authorities. In the actual practice, superior Province's bedrock areas, which provides land and resources authorities can not verify the authenticity and accuracy of departments with scientific law enforcement basis for the data reported by cities and counties due to the low development and management of mineral resources, as well verification quality of primary-level staff and other problems, as low-cost, fast and efficient fight against illegal mining leading to ineffective supervision of local land and resources behavior. departments, thus resulting in mine mismanagement. Based on the above background, this paper presents ideas 1.1 Introduction of Mineral Resources Remote Sensing such as implementation of rapid monitoring data release by Dynamic Monitoring Project in Shandong Province service mode and improvement of field verification data quality through the practice of remote sensing dynamic In 2006, in City, Shandong Province launched a pilot monitoring project in Shandong Province's bedrock areas, remote sensing dynamic monitoring project in Linyi City's and completes the development of mining remote sensing Lanling County (formerly Cangshan County)( Cao dynamic monitoring information system.

This contribution has been peer-reviewed. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-893-2017 | © Authors 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. 893 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W7, 2017 ISPRS Geospatial Week 2017, 18–22 September 2017, Wuhan, China

Flow of mobile terminal-based data verification technology is 2. DESIGN IDEAS shown in Figure 2.

2.1 Quick Release of Monitoring Data 3. OVERALL SYSTEM FRAMEWORK

The remote sensing dynamic monitoring project of open pit Based on the above ideas, remote sensing dynamic mines in Shandong Province's bedrock areas has a large monitoring and management information system of mining is monitoring range, which involves 13 cities. Monitoring data built using service-oriented architecture (SOA), as shown in include monitoring images and interpretation patches. Figure 3. Monitoring images are sliced in accordance with Platform for geo-information common services Data specification for electronic map(National Geomatics Center of China,2011), user layer Internet smart and published as OGC WMTS services; while interpretation two dimensional map three dimensional map patches are published as OGC WMS/WFS services. The Explorer device above service through the MAPWORLD service registration, Map management Data publication Assistant management subsystem subsystem subsystem monitoring data is achieved based on network for everyone, application system layer as shown in Figure 1. Remote sensing monitoring Mobile data System management provincial and supervision subsystem verification subsystem subsystem Remote WMTS service user sensing Service registration images Remote sensing Basic geographic Municipal data layer Mining right database MAPWORLD Service monitoring database database sharing user Mining right register, monitoring data,image data regulation of electronic alteration, planning data On-spot inspection data map,image electronic map,three dimensional electric map Suspected WMS/WFS service Service registration patches County user Network of land and Database and runtime support layer resources/internet GIS software server Firewall Figure 1. Flow chart of monitoring data releasion

2.2 Mobile Terminal-based Data Verification Figure 3. Overall architecture diagram of system Technology The system is divided into runtime support layer, data layer, interpretation patches application system layer and user layer. Networks as well as software and hardware environments supporting system auxiliary GPS positioning running are constructed relying on the land and resources field investigation intranet and the Internet. Mineral rights database and remote information reporting Completing spot survey failure sensing dynamic monitoring database are built using Oracle success and ArcSDE software. Subsystems of map management, data publication, assistant management, remote sensing Take pictures to check Coordinate information storage failure monitoring and supervision, mobile data verification and success system management are created using the online geographic Image watermark information services provided on the Geographic Information Public Service Platform of Shandong Province. Users use the failure Artificial copy Image upload uploaded system via B/S access or mobile terminals, and smart device- success based verification and reporting mechanism is established. server-side validation All of these help establish and improve the normalized failure information success mineral exploitation supervision system of Shandong Province with timely discovery, clear responsibility, powerful end handling and effective supervision features.

Figure 2. Flow chart of data verification technology 4. TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION

Mobile GIS(Yu Tao,2002) has mobile, dynamic and location- Genetic algorithm is widely used in the multi-objective dependent features(Zhang Ergang,2013). This paper achieves optimization problems with global search capability and the field data verification of mine interpretation patches robustness[7]. In order to solve the problem (3), we encode based on the mobile GIS technology using terminals such as the upper variable values using real coding scheme, and give smart phone and tablet PC. Currently, Apple's iPad device is a fitness function based on non-dominated solutions sorting characterized by strong screen information carrying capacity, method and crowding distance, it can distinguish different high system controllability and excellent battery life(Xu individuals effectively. Our algorithm is developed: Liuhua,2012), so field verification of monitoring patches is implemented using iPad in this paper, and data verification 4.1 Database quality is improved in two aspects: Firstly, verification routes are obtained based on GPS information for verification of i) Database of mineral rights whether the inspectors have arrived at the patch location. By the end of 2014, there are a total of 3,014 mining rights Secondly, GPS information is stored in the Exchangeable and 872 prospecting rights in Shandong Province. Mineral Image File (Exif) format(Li Yao,2012) when shooting field rights database includes the following. patch pictures, moreover, the pictures are watermarked with Mining rights data: integration of the province's mining coordinates and time information for verification of registration data, including the ministry, province, city and authenticity of pictures. county-issued mining rights.

This contribution has been peer-reviewed. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-893-2017 | © Authors 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. 894 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W7, 2017 ISPRS Geospatial Week 2017, 18–22 September 2017, Wuhan, China

Prospecting rights data: integration of the province's This subsystem implements functions such as property query, prospecting registration data, including the ministry and spatial query and statistical analysis of prospecting and province-issued prospecting rights. mining rights based on the province's mineral rights database. Planning and geological data: integration of the province's iv) Mobile data verification subsystem mineral resources planning and geological data for assisting Mobile data verification subsystem is developed based on the the competent authorities in setting up or managing the mobile GIS technology. Remote sensing monitoring data of mineral rights. relevant administrative zone can be used online or ii) Remote sensing monitoring database downloaded offline using iPAD device. Based on the GPS Integration of the province's remote sensing monitoring data information, fast positioning of patch location is implemented, over the years, which includes the following: as well as field verification of patch information, filling of Remote sensing images: integration of remote sensing images Report on Verification of Mineral Resource Satellite Image in each round of dynamic monitoring. Patches and taking of field pictures (automatically records the Suspected patches: integration of patches in each round of coordinates of photographing sites, and adds watermarks), in monitoring, as well as field verification information of order to facilitate users to quickly verify and handle illegal patches (including verification registration cards and field patches, thereby improving the accuracy and authenticity of verification pictures). Field verification pictures are stored in information verification, as shown in Figure.4. the Exif JPEG format, and organized according to the administrative division code with patch as the unit in a "province code\verification\county code\patch number\picture" way. Handling and execution status: legal handling and execution information on verified patches stored in the database, including legal handling and settlement results, statistical forms, etc. iii) Geographic information Online geographic information services provided on the Geographic Information Public Service Platform of Shandong Province are used, including the province's vector electronic map, image electronic map and three-dimensional electronic map. And geographic information services Figure 4. Functional interface of mobile data verification represented primarily by two-dimensional and three- subsystem dimensional maps are implemented. Based on the province's basic geographic information, the v) Remote sensing monitoring and supervision subsystem Geographic Information Public Service Platform of This subsystem implements functions such as patch Shandong Province provides functional service interfaces, management, patch verification information management and such as geographic name and address query, address coding implementation feedbacks and summary statistics based on and route analysis services. The system integrates the above provinces' remote sensing dynamic monitoring database. functional services, thereby enhancing its usability, and As shown in Figure.5, the system displays the patch assisting users in field verification. verification information on the image map for checking and reporting of information. 4.2 Software System

The remote sensing dynamic monitoring and management information system of mining in Shandong Province establishes the entire operation flow of data publication, verification, handling and supervision based on remote sensing dynamic monitoring on the ground of open pit mines in the province's key areas to improve the "fast data acquisition, timely target detection, fast handling and timely feedback" rapid response mechanism of dynamic remote sensing monitoring. The system consists of five subsystems: map management subsystem, data publication subsystem, Figure 5. Management interface of patch verification assistant management subsystem, remote sensing monitoring information and supervision subsystem, and mobile data verification subsystem. Based on the province's patch verification information, the i) Map management subsystem system can generate the illegal mining distribution hotspot This subsystem provides common map and GIS functions, map of the province as shown in Figure.6. The system can including map operation, space measurement, layer also generate the illegal mining prone spot map of the management, 3D viewing, contrast viewing, coordinate province utilizing the monitoring data over the years, as positioning and map labeling functions. shown in Figure.7. ii) Data publication subsystem This subsystem changes the traditional paper-based data distribution mode. Monitoring organizations will use ArcGIS Server to release suspected patches and remote sensing images, in order achieve rapid release of remote sensing data for the use of various cities and counties within the province. iii) Assistant management subsystem

This contribution has been peer-reviewed. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-893-2017 | © Authors 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. 895 The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W7, 2017 ISPRS Geospatial Week 2017, 18–22 September 2017, Wuhan, China

development.Remote Sensing for Land & Resources,93(2),pp.121-124.

Wang Yonggang, 2008. Remote sensing and GIS technology based monitoring of the mineral exploitation in Beijing area.Land and Resources Informatization,6,pp.6-11.

Cao Hongsong,2007. Study on application of remote sensing and GIS technologies in dynamic monitoring in cangshan mine exploration.Shandong Land and Resources,23(6-

7),pp.43-47. Figure 6. Map of illegal mining distribution hotspots National Geomatics Center of China, 2011. Basic Geomatics Information Center of Heilongjiang, Integrated geographic information center of Shanxi Province,etal..CH/Z9011- 2011,Platform for geo- -information common services Data specification for electronic map. Beijing: Surveying and mapping press.

Yu Tao, 2002. Mobile computing environment the development and application of GIS technology.Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2,pp.40-42.

Zhang Ergang, 2013. Research and implementation of data Figure 7. Map of illegal mining prone spots between 2013- acquisition system based on mobile GIS technology. AnHui 2016 University of Science and Technology,pp.6-8.

5. CONCLUSIONS Xu Liuhua, 2012. The research and experiment on the mobile field data collection system based on iPad. Bulletin of Remote sensing dynamic monitoring information system of Surveying and Mapping,12,pp.75-78. mineral development is successfully built by integrated application of geographic information system, global Li Yao, 2012. Design and Implementation of Picture positioning system and mobile Internet technology tightly Information Acquisition Management system based on around the actual application needs of mine remote sensing Exif.Computer and Modernization, 9,pp.134-1. dynamic monitoring, and is practically applied in Shandong Province. The establishment of the system effectively improves the timeliness and accuracy of remote sensing dynamic monitoring in Shandong Province. Rapid response mechanism of "fast data acquisition, timely target detection, fast handling and timely feedback" is constructed, and transformation from traditional manual supervision to informational monitoring is achieved, thereby improving the efficiency of mining legal supervision and enhancing the informational management level of land and resource authorities, which are of great significance for the establishment of good mineral development order, promotion of safety production, and protection of mining ecological environment in Shandong Province.

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Nie Hongfeng, 2007. The problems in the remote sensing monitoring technology for the exploration of mineral resources and the counter measures. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 74(4),pp.11-13.

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This contribution has been peer-reviewed. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-893-2017 | © Authors 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. 896