National Aeronautics and Space Administration

GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER

Set goals, challenge yourself, and achieve them. Live a healthy life... and make every moment count. Rise above the obstacles, and focus on the positive. ANNUAL REPORT – Robert H. Goddard

For more information, please visit our website: www.nasa.gov/goddard

NP-2018-10-280-GSFC this is science

www.nasa.gov One World-Class Organization ...... 2 THE GODDARD PRoJECT LIFE CYCLE TABLE OF Goddard at a Glance ...... 3

Our Legacy ...... 4 A Message From the Center Director...... 6 Design CONTENTS Our Organization...... 8 Build Fostering Innovation and New Technologies ...... 9 Conceive Earth Science Efforts Improving Lives Worldwide ...... 10 NASA Missions Catch First Light...... 12 Test Our Focus Areas ...... 14 2018 in Figures...... 16 Connecting Astronauts to Earth ...... 18 Independent Verification & Validation Program ...... 20 We Start Highlights of Fiscal 2018 ...... 22 With Science... Launch Our Primary Lines of Business ...... 30 Earth Science...... 32 Astrophysics ...... 34 Heliophysics...... 36 Planetary Science ...... 38 Operate Space Communications and Navigation...... 40 Suborbital Programs and Range Services...... 42 Orbital Servicing and Assembly ...... 44

Our Life @ Goddard...... 46 Institutional Support ...... 48 Analyze IT and Communications...... 49 Public Communication ...... 50 Education...... 52 Our People...... 54 Budget ...... 55 ...and End Share Economic Impact...... 56 With Science Environmental Impact ...... 57 A Commitment to Diversity, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity...... 58 Connections...... 60 In Memoriam ...... 61

1 GlobalONE WORLD-CLASSONE WORLD-CLASS ORGANIZATION: ORGANIZATION: AT A GLANCE 116,000+ 116,000+ Six UNIQUE SITES Over 10,000 People AT A GLANCE providerSix of UNIQUE SITES Over 10,000 People launches launches Plus many other locations worldwide to date scientificPlus many other locations worldwide FERMI to date GODDARD FERMI research, GODDARDGreenbelt Campus • Maryland technology Greenbelt Campus • Maryland A Decade of Discoveries Est.1993^ WALLOPS and missions Est.1959 FLIGHT Est.1961 INDEPENDENT A Decade of Discoveries INDEPENDENT Est.1993^VERIFICATION FACILITY WALLOPS Est.1959 GODDARD & VALIDATION VERIFICATION & that Est.1961 VALIDATION FACILITY FLIGHT Est.1961 INSTITUTEINDEPENDENTFACILITY Est.1978* Columbia FOR SPACEVERIFICATIONFAIRMONT INDEPENDENT Scientific STUDIES 25YEARSVERIFICATION & FACILITY transform our WHITEEst.1961 GODDARD & VALIDATIONWEST VIRGINIA Est.1945 Balloon NEW YORK CITY of SystemsVALIDATION and FACILITY SANDS INSTITUTE FACILITY Software Engineering WALLOPS Facility NEW YORK Est.1978* COMPLEXColumbia PalestineFOR SPACE FAIRMONT knowledge FLIGHT ScientificLAS CRUCES TEXAS YEARS FACILITY STUDIES WEST VIRGINIA 25 Est.1945 WHITE NEWBalloon MEXICO NEW YORK CITY of Systems and WALLOPSSANDS ISLAND Software Engineering Terra of Earth and *Goddard-managedFacility ground communicationsNEW stationsYORK VIRGINIA ^Goddard-assumed management WALLOPS COMPLEX Palestine GODDARD FLIGHT LAS CRUCES TEXAS has sent instruments to 100,000+ space FACILITY NEW MEXICO EVERY PLANET WALLOPS ISLAND ROBERT H. GODDARD in the solar system ORBITS Terra VIRGINIA *Goddard-managed ground communications stations Around NASA’s Goddard Space Flight ^Goddard-assumedTHE FATHER management OF MODERN ROCKETRY GODDARD Earth Center has been working since (1882–1945) The American engineer, Hubblehas sent instruments to 100,000+ professor, physicist, and inventor credited Space Telescope James Webb Space Telescope 1959 to increase scientific under- with creating and building the world's first EVERY PLANET ORBITS standing and answer humanity’sROBERT liquid-fueledH. GODDARD rocket. in the solar system Launching 2021 Around most pressing questionsTHE about FATHER OF MODERN ROCKETRY Earth GODDARD’S COBE (2006) our world, the solar system(1882–1945) and The American engineer,U Hubble professor, physicist, and inventorED CAT credited FIRSTS beyond, all for the benefit of I Space Telescope July (1969) with creating and building the world'sN first INSPIR James Webb Space Telescope society and the communities we G IN liquid-fueled rocket. G YEARS AND TDRS (1983) serve. The center’s work in sci- 28 COUNTING Launching 2021 ence, engineering, technology GODDARD’S COBE (2006) and communications strength- 1993 ENGAG John Mather awarded DUC I FIVE Noble Prize in physics A20,000+ N for work on Cosmic ens our ability to envision theE T G FIRSTS IV&V IEducator 1997 July (1969) Background Explorer. origins of life, preserve our way N Students INS169PIR Million+ ResourceG CenterServed IN “One small step”... YouTube Total Plays 1999 Famous first words TDRS (1983) of living and define our place in (fiscal 2018) G YEARS ANDtransmitted from the Moon to Goddard. First Tracking and Data the universe. We identify require- 240,000 1.2 Million+ 28 COUNTING2002 Relay Satellite deploys, providing global coverage ments and innovations; design, GLOBE Observer App Facebook for space communications Downloads Followers 500+ networks. Operation IceBridge SERVICING MISSIONS 2009 build and launch spacecraft; and 1993 ENGAToursG Conducted (2009 – Present) John Mather awarded (fiscal I2018) FIVE Noble Prize in physics manage and support20,000+ space mis- N for work on Cosmic 45,636 G 1997 Background Explorer. IV&V Educator sions. Our fundamental commu- Students Resource Center DID Y169 Million+ Greenbelt Visitor Served OU God “One small step”... K N dard Center Guests nications infrastructure enables YouTube TotalO W Plays of sc has 1999 Famous first words (fiscal 2018) ? ienti the w (fiscal 2018) dedi sts, e orl transmitted from the NASA and others to retrieve cated ngin d’s l to E eers arge Moon to Goddard. First Tracking and Data arth and st c 240,000 and tec on Relay Satellite deploys, knowledge from space, share it 1.2 Million+ spa hno cen 2002 ce s log trat providing global coverage GLOBE Observer App cien ists ion for space communications with diverse customers and apply Facebook ce. Downloads Followers 500+ networks. Operation IceBridge SERVICING MISSIONS 2009 it to society in countless ways. Tours Conducted (2009 – Present) (fiscal 2018) www.nasa.gov/goddard

45,636

DID Y Greenbelt Visitor OU God 2 K N dard Center Guests 3 O W of sc has ? ienti the w (fiscal 2018) dedi sts, e orl cated ngin d’s l to E eers arge arth and st c and tec on spa hno cen ce s log trat cien ists ion ce. A Place for THIS IS WHO WE ARE Science We advance NASA’s mission by leading scientific research and building, launching and operat- ing scientific instruments, space- craft and information systems. As a science center, Goddard seeks to understand Earth and explore the universe through robust programs in Earth science, astrophysics, heliophysics and planetary science. As a space- flight center, Goddard utilizes its core technical and programmatic expertise and facility capabilities NASA’s Vision to execute a broad range of flight To discover and expand knowledge for the benefit of humanity. missions and field campaigns. We are committed to enabling innovation and developing new NASA’s Mission technologies that expand NASA’s Lead an innovative and sustainable program of exploration with commercial and technical capabilities in sup- international partners to enable human expansion across the solar system and bring port of its overarching mission. new knowledge and opportunities back to Earth. Support growth of the nation’s Goddard then applies its break- economy in space and aeronautics, increase understanding of the universe and our throughs to society: stimulating place in it, work with industry to improve America’s aerospace technologies, and economic growth, educating advance American leadership. future generations, and inspiring NASA’s Strategic Goals the nation and the world.

• Expand human knowledge through new scientific discoveries. • Extend human presence deeper into space and to the Moon for sustainable long- term exploration and utilization. • Address national challenges and catalyze economic growth. • Optimize capabilities and operations. OUR LEGACY

4 5 A Message From the Center Director

Six decades ago in 1958, then- to augment our existing capabili- discover how they have evolved of a long-standing partnership mission continues to measure also the contributions of those President Dwight D. Eisenhower ties in monitoring and observing over billions of years. with the National Oceanic and glacier and ice sheet elevation over the decades who have signed the National Aeronautics the Sun, Earth, solar system and Atmospheric Administration and sea ice thickness with greatly made Goddard what it is today. and Space Act that established universe. Many current missions Following its launch in April, the (NOAA), we launched the Joint improved accuracy. NASA. Less than a year after- produced significant returns that Transiting Exoplanet Survey Sat- Polar Satellite System-1, later re- We often like to echo the words ward, NASA’s Goddard Space not only resonated in the scien- ellite began its two-year survey of named NOAA-20, as well as the Our Independent Verification & of our namesake, rocket pioneer Flight Center began operations tific community, but will guide nearby stars in search of planets latest Geostationary Operational Validation Facility in West Virgin- Robert H. Goddard: “It is difficult as the agency’s first spaceflight NASA in its exploration of new outside our solar system. Some Environmental Satellite—two ia marked 25 years of providing to say what is impossible, for the center. Since our inception in frontiers in the decades ahead. of these planets, known as exo- spacecraft which provide better software assurance and more to dream of yesterday is the hope 1959, Goddard has been integral planets, may support life. measurements of various envi- past and present NASA missions, of today and the reality of tomor- to NASA’s success, beginning In 2016, the Laser Interferometer ronmental conditions as well as while Wallops Flight Facility in row.” As we celebrate our own with our support of Project Mer- Gravitational-Wave Observa- Within our solar system, the God- improved weather forecasting Virginia launched 30 sounding 60th anniversary in 2019, our com- cury—the nation’s first human tory announced the detection dard-developed Sample Analysis capabilities. rocket and balloon missions and mitment to these words remains spaceflight program—and ex- of gravitational waves, and this at Mars instrument suite aboard supported two cargo resupply as strong as when we first opened tending to our role as a global year—as part of a global col- the Mars Curiosity rover detected In September, we launched the missions to the International our gates, continuously pushing leader in the scientific commu- laboration—several Goddard- seasonal variations in methane Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Space Station. forward with new discoveries and nity with pioneering missions managed missions observed first on the Red Planet—evidence Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission redefining the boundaries of pos- that have expanded humanity’s light from merging neutron stars, which relates to the search for with the Goddard-developed The pages that follow highlight sibility in the universe. knowledge in astrophysics, Earth further confirming the existence life. The Lunar Reconnaissance ATLAS laser instrument. ICESat-2 our many achievements over the science, heliophysics and plan- of such waves. The detection Orbiter, meanwhile, continues follows the first outstanding past year, underscoring not only etary science. and confirmation of their exis- to map the Moon’s surface. As ICESat mission, and the aircraft- the work of thousands who make tence are significant events in NASA prepares diligently for a based Operation IceBridge such achievements possible, but Chris Scolese • Center Director We have supported all of the na- astrophysics, giving insight into return to the Moon and eventual tion’s human spaceflights since how the universe was formed, manned spaceflight to Mars, the our beginnings, and the com- providing a better understanding work of these missions is vital to munications services we continue of its fundamental laws and fur- understanding the atmospheres to provide both manned and ther supporting Albert Einstein’s and surface conditions of our unmanned missions have be- general theory of relativity. celestial neighbors. come more advanced and robust. Today, our center—comprising The Hubble Space Telescope, Closer to the center of the solar locations in six states—boasts which played a part in the ob- system, Parker Solar Probe— the world’s largest concentra- servation, continues to make a joint venture between the tion of scientists, engineers and landmark discoveries 28 years Johns Hopkins University Ap- technologists dedicated to the after launch. Hubble marked plied Physics Laboratory and study of Earth and space. Their 25 years since the first of its NASA—launched in August, NASA’S GODDARD work has led to groundbreaking five servicing missions, all of traveling closer to the Sun than missions that provided the data which extended and enhanced any other mission. The spacecraft that led to Nobel Prizes, and our Hubble’s scientific capabilities far underwent rigorous testing at SPACE FLIGHT CENTER partnerships with other organiza- beyond its expected lifetime. The Goddard, ensuring its ability to tions have led to other missions James Webb Space Telescope, explore the Sun’s outer atmo- HAS BUILT A LEGACY IN that have addressed food secu- a follow-on mission to Hubble, sphere and make critical observa- rity, improved weather forecast- continues to undergo testing tions on the physics of stars. ADVANCING HUMANITY’S ing and advanced the welfare of with our partners in preparation many around the world. for launch in 2021. It will explore Here on our home planet, our KNOWLEDGE OF THE the universe in infrared light, ob- exhaustive portfolio of Earth sci- This past year, we orchestrated serving the formation of the first ence missions continues to moni- the launches of several missions stars and galaxies and helping tor our changing climate. As part UNIVERSE

6 7 OUR ORGANIZATION Fostering Innovation AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

For organizations and individu- ments. His “failure” resulted in ment funding to further advance als daring to be bold, triumph the filing of a patent application their concepts. They flew ex- DIRECTOR and failure should be expected. and an improved way to more perimental instruments aboard NASA’s Goddard Space Flight accurately measure another im- sounding rockets, balloons and Center is fortunate that its lead- portant atmospheric chemical. the International Space Station. NASA Office Equal NASA IndependENT ing researchers understand this of Inspector Opportunity Communications Chief Counsel Verification & General Programs Validation FACILITY reality. One good idea could Challenges also beset the team Meanwhile, the Goddard Strate- lead to a revolutionary new tech- that built, launched and now gic Partnerships Office continues nology that keeps NASA at the operates the Dellingr CubeSat, to forge innovative partnerships forefront of scientific discovery which was developed entirely that link the center’s internal HUMAN CHIEF MANAGEMENT SAFETY AND EDUCATION CAPITAL FINANCIAL OPERATIONS MISSION and exploration, while another with funding from the Goddard inventors with corporations, MANAGEMENT OFFICER ASSURANCE may miss the mark. However, Internal Research and Develop- startups, universities and other in the world of research and ment program. Shortly after Del- government agencies. This year, development, setbacks do not lingr was deployed from the Inter- the office was responsible for Suborbital Information FLIGHT ENGINEERING Sciences AND equate to failure; they lead to national Space Station, it began collecting 209 new technology PROJECTS AND TECHNOLOGY Exploration AND Special Technology AND Orbital Projects Communications new insights. to spin, thereby preventing data reports, resulting in 40 patent collection. In response, the team applications filed. In 2018, this became abundantly wrote new software, uploaded it clear. One researcher, for exam- and used one of Dellingr’s mag- Innovation remains a core value ple, conceived a new technique netometers as an attitude sensor, among the center’s leadership for measuring an atmospheric which provided the data needed and technologists. Because chemical that determines the to activate Dellingr’s torquers and Goddard promotes the cross- lifetime of methane, but he stabilize the spinning. fertilization of ideas internally discovered an artifact that pre- and externally through partner- vented him from gathering the Goddard’s researchers have con- ships, a culture of innovation is measurement. Despite the disap- sistently shown that misfortunes flourishing. Its technology com- pointment, he discovered that his are catalysts for more innovation. munity is fulfilling Goddard’s instrument was extremely sensi- This year, they won Phase A mission as a science and space- tive to ozone. In fact, it is nearly studies for important planetary flight center—developing the 100 times more sensitive than missions and secured millions in technologies NASA will need commercially available instru- follow-on research and develop- to continue making discoveries.

8 9 Earth Science Efforts Improving Lives Worldwide

NASA’s fleet of Earth-observing In addition, data from the Landsat When Disaster Strikes, NASA tion. Where precipitation is unusu- project that precisely forecasts continued to advance the use of satellites has allowed us to revo- program now provide new insight Responds ally high, the model determines high-risk regions based on envi- satellites to monitor air quality lutionize our fundamental under- into evapotranspiration—or how NASA’s spaceborne assets are if the area is prone to landslides ronmental conditions observed worldwide. Combining data from standing of how our planet works water is evaporating from soil or increasingly in demand to help using a susceptibility map. As with from space. Humanitarian work- the Ozone Monitoring Instru- as an interconnected system. transpiring from plants—thereby agencies and first responders almost all NASA data, the output ers used this information to ment on the Aura satellite with improving farmers’ ability to track jump into action after natural of the landslide susceptibility implement life-saving strategies Goddard’s GEOS-5 atmospheric As that fleet has expanded and water usage. As part of one of disasters. In some cases, these model is freely available. to reduce the risk of cholera. The computer model, scientists are computing power and access many Landsat-based projects, assets are needed not only in the forecasting tool analyzes param- releasing an experimental global to data on the ground have researchers from the University immediate aftermath, but also in Aiding Public Health eters from satellite observations, air quality forecast that can pre- improved, people continue to of Idaho, University of Nebraska the subsequent months and years NASA data and tools are also including precipitation from the dict harmful levels of particu- find ways to apply NASA’s view and Desert Research Institute in of recovery. being used to better respond to GPM mission, air and ocean lates, carbon monoxide, nitrous of Earth to everyday life. From Nevada teamed up with Google disease and public health. temperatures from the Moderate dioxide and other pollutants. weather forecasts and regional to better map this phenomenon. After Hurricane Maria’s direct hit Resolution Imaging Spectroradi- Many countries still lack reliable predictions of public health fac- on Puerto Rico in the fall of 2017, In 2018, for the first time ever, ometer instruments on NASA’s air quality information because tors to new global views of our As of 2018, the U.S. Department Goddard scientists provided fed- measurements from NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites, and of the high cost of establishing most precious resources, the of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricul- eral agencies on the ground with Earth-observing research satel- measurements of phytoplankton and maintaining the necessary work being done at NASA’s tural Service is using Goddard- a new, high-definition view show- lites were used to help combat a concentrations in nearby coastal infrastructure. A global air qual- Goddard Space Flight Center developed data products for veg- ing the lights visible on the island potential outbreak of life-threat- ocean areas. ity model forecasting system, like to expand our view of Earth is etation and soil moisture from the at night. Using ground-based and ening cholera. Humanitarian the experimental version now changing lives. Landsat and Sentinel satellites, as satellite data, including those teams in Yemen targeted areas Goddard researchers, working available, can provide air quality well as the Soil Moisture Active from Landsat satellites and the identified by a NASA-supported with their university counterparts, information to everyone. Here are some of the ways Passive satellite, to improve its Suomi National Polar-orbiting Goddard’s people and satellites monthly operational reports on Partnership, the scientists created enhanced life on Earth in the global crop conditions. a map of Puerto Rico’s power past year. outages. The map was continually In late 2018, NASA tapped the updated months after the storm, Water, Farming and Food University of Maryland to lead allowing for real-time monitor- A Goddard-led study that was a new consortium—NASA Har- ing of recovery efforts as well as published in May analyzed data vest—that uses satellite data analyses of vulnerabilities, help- from the Gravity Recovery and to enhance food security and ing guide the design of a more Climate Experiment mission to agriculture worldwide. Food se- resilient electricity grid. observe the trends in water stor- curity is the assurance of reliable age in 34 regions around the access to affordable and healthy In some cases, NASA also pro- world and attribute the causes food, which is particularly chal- vides a view of where disaster may of those trends. The first-of-its- lenging in developing countries. strike. For the first time, scientists kind study found that Earth’s wet NASA satellite data have long can look at landslide threats any- areas are getting wetter and its been used to study crop condi- where around the world in near dry areas drier due to a variety of tions globally, but NASA Harvest real time, thanks to data from factors, including human water represents a more targeted effort the Global Precipitation Measure- management, climate change and to enhance the utility of satellite ment (GPM) mission and a new natural cycles. The findings hold data to people around the world. model developed by Goddard major significance for agriculture The consortium will partner with scientists. The model uses GPM and industry as well as people’s NASA’s new Goddard-based data to identify areas with heavy, basic need for clean, fresh water. Food Security Office. persistent and recent precipita-

10 11 NASA Missions Catch First Light

“We did not expect a kilonova to was a result of the viewing angle, posals for Hubble’s spectral obser- From Gravitational-Wave Event produce bright UV emission,” said and it took time for the jet directed vations. “It tied this object to the Goddard’s S. Bradley Cenko, Swift toward Earth to expand into the gravitational-wave source beyond principal investigator. “We think line of sight. all reasonable doubt.” For the first time, NASA scientists Neutron stars are the crushed, was a merger of compact objects, this was produced by the short- have detected light tied to a leftover cores of massive stars that and Fermi tells us there was a lived disk of debris that powered On Aug. 22, Hubble began imag- Because of its Earth-trailing orbit, gravitational-wave event, thanks previously exploded as superno- short gamma-ray burst. Together, the gamma-ray burst.” ing the kilonova and capturing Spitzer was uniquely situated to to two merging neutron stars in the vas long ago. The merging stars we know that what we observed its near-infrared spectrum, which observe the kilonova long after galaxy NGC 4993, located about whirled around each other hun- was the merging of two neutron Over time, material hurled out revealed the motion and chemi- the Sun moved too close to the 130 million light-years from Earth dreds of times a second, producing stars, dramatically confirming the by the jet slows and widens as it cal composition of the expanding galaxy for other telescopes to see in the constellation Hydra. gravitational waves at the same relationship.” sweeps up and heats interstellar debris. it. Spitzer’s observation on Sept. 30 frequency. As they drew closer and material, producing so-called after- captured the longest-wavelength On Aug. 17, 2017, NASA’s Fermi orbited faster, the stars eventually Within hours of the initial Fermi glow emission that includes X-rays. “The spectrum looked exactly infrared light from the kilonova. Gamma-ray Space Telescope broke apart and merged, produc- detection, LIGO and the Virgo But the spacecraft saw no X-rays like how theoretical physicists had picked up a pulse of high-energy ing both a gamma-ray burst and detector at the European Gravi- —a surprise for an event that pro- predicted the outcome of the Gravitational waves were directly light from a powerful explosion, a rarely seen flare-up called a tational Observatory near Pisa, duced higher-energy gamma rays. merger of two neutron stars would detected for the first time in 2015 which was immediately reported “kilonova.” Italy, greatly refined the event’s Chandra clearly detected X-rays appear,” said Andrew Levan at the by LIGO, whose architects were to astronomers around the globe position in the sky with additional nine days after the source was dis- University of Warwick in Coventry, awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in as a short gamma-ray burst. The “This is the one we’ve all been analysis of gravitational-wave covered. Scientists think the delay England, who led one of the pro- physics for the discovery. scientists at the National Science waiting for,” said David Reitze, ex- data. Ground-based observato- Foundation’s Laser Interferom- ecutive director of the LIGO Labo- ries then quickly located a new eter Gravitational-wave Observa- ratory at the California Institute of optical and infrared source —the tory (LIGO) detected gravitational Technology in Pasadena. “Neutron kilonova—in NGC 4993. waves—dubbed GW170817 — star mergers produce a wide va- from a pair of smashing stars tied to riety of light because the objects To Fermi, this appeared to be a the gamma-ray burst, encouraging form a maelstrom of hot debris typical short gamma-ray burst, but astronomers to look for the after- when they collide. Merging black it occurred less than one-tenth as math of the explosion. holes —the types of events LIGO far away as any other short burst and its European counterpart, with a known distance, making it NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Obser- Virgo, have previously seen —very among the faintest known. vatory, Hubble Space Telescope, likely consume any matter around Chandra X-ray Observatory and them long before they crash, so The Swift, Hubble and Spitzer mis- Spitzer Space Telescope —along we don’t expect the same kind of sions followed the evolution of the with dozens of ground-based light show.” kilonova to better understand the observatories, including the NASA- composition of this slower-moving funded Pan-STARRS survey—later “The favored explanation for material, while Chandra searched captured the fading glow of the short gamma-ray bursts is that for X-rays associated with the re- blast’s expanding debris. they’re caused by a jet of debris mains of the ultrafast jet. moving near the speed of light “For the first time, we’ve seen light produced in the merger of neu- When Swift turned to the galaxy and gravitational waves produced tron stars or a neutron star and a shortly after Fermi’s gamma-ray by the same event,” said Paul black hole,” added Eric Burns of burst detection, it found a bright Hertz, director of NASA’s Astro- Fermi’s Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and quickly fading ultraviolet physics Division at the agency’s team at NASA’s Goddard Space source. headquarters in Washington. Flight Center. “LIGO tells us there

12 13 OUR FOCUS AREAS

Earth SCIENCE ASTROPHYSICS HELIOPHYSICS PLANETARY SPACE SUBORBITAL Observes and studies Earth’s Investigates the universe Studies our star and how it influ- system to further scientific under- through astronomy, astrophys- ences and affects our space envi- SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAMS and standing of our home planet and ics and fundamental physics on ronment—and, in turn, the atmo- Investigates the planets, moons improve predictions of its evolv- issues such as dark matter and spheres of planets and the human and small objects in the solar and NAVIGATION RANGE SERVICES ing state due to human behavior energy, life-harboring planets technology that exists there. system and beyond, including and natural changes. and black holes. Develops systems, technolo- Manages programs and services their evolution, inner structures gies and ser vices in support of for sound ing rockets, balloons, and forces that alter them. science, ex ploration and space aircraft and commercial space, operations missions that are near including NASA’s only launch Earth and in deep space. facility —Wallops Launch Range. CROSS-CUTTING TECHNOLOGIES OTHER ENABLING CAPABILITIES

Sensor Systems and Large-Scale Scientific Orbital Servicing Program and Project End-to-End Mission Safety and Mission Instrument Platforms Information Systems, and Assembly Management Systems Architecture Assurance Goddard builds instruments for Data Processing and Goddard services enable ex- Goddard conducts effective, and Engineering Goddard is a recognized leader missions, ranging from subsys- Dissemination tended mission operations, tailored management and cost Goddard addresses the full life in safety and mission assurance tems—such as detectors and Goddard designs and imple- reconfiguration and recovery, estimation, maintains schedules, cycles of science missions, space- with a lengthy history of imple- optical elements—to full instru- ments custom, large-scale data including in-orbit spacecraft develops technology, manages craft, in situ and remote-sensing menting effective and innova- ments and complex instrument systems and supercomputing ap- refueling and repair, and assem- risk, and assures outcomes for instruments, and payloads, from tive approaches to reduce risk suites. plications for high-performance bling large structures in orbit and missions and their supporting advanced concepts through and enable mission success. computing and archiving of a modular designs. elements and services. implementation. wide range of science data.

14 15 2018 IN FIGURES

3,000+ JAMES WEBB JAMES WEBB CIVIL SERVANTS 3,000+ TECHNOLOGICAL CIVIL SERVANTS TECHNOLOGICAL ONE GODDARD 6,000+ SPACE TELESCOPESPACE TELESCOPE ONE GODDARDON-SITE CONTRACTORS 6,000+ INNOVATIONS NUMBER OF MORE THAN 10,000 PEOPLE ON-SITE CONTRACTORS MORE THAN 10,000 PEOPLE 650 INTERNS INNOVATIONS PRIMARY NUMBER OF 1,000s 650 INTERNS LAYER MIRROR SCIENCE PRIMARY (including Pathways) OF OTHERS 1,000s 5 18 4LAYER MIRROR SCIENCE (including Pathways) SUNSHIELD SEGMENTS INSTRUMENTS (including off-site contractors, OF OTHERS 5 18 4 SEGMENTS emeritus employees and interns) SUNSHIELD INSTRUMENTS (including off-site contractors, New Please visit emeritus employees and interns) New Please visit https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ Technology Technology FEMALE MALE 209 Reports FEMALE MALE 209 Reports 37%(Civil Servants) 63%37%(Civil Servants) 63% (Civil Servants) (Civil Servants)

45 STATES

45 STATES Patent 1,700+ (plus the District of PATENT Patent 1,700+ (plus the District of Applications Columbia and two PENDING Applications PATENT ACTIVE PROCUREMENT U.S. territories) Columbia and two 40 Filed PENDING ACTIVE PROCUREMENT U.S. territories) 40 INSTRUMENTS Filed INSTRUMENTS Joint Agency Satellites BUDGET: $5.2BBUDGET: $5.2B Joint Agency SatellitesGoddard Goddard 2 2 NEW EXHIBITS NEW 7 7 Visitor Visitor EXHIBITS Center 45,636 45,636 Direct GSFC BUDGET: $3.7B Center TOTAL Direct GSFC BUDGET: $3.7B (GREENBELT) VISITORS TOTAL (GREENBELT) 250,000VISITORS participants 250,000 Reimbursable GSFCReimbursable Budget: $1.5B GSFC Budget: $1.5B participants Japan Aerospace (FROM OTHER GOVERNMENT AND NONGOVERNMENT ENTITIES) Exploration Agency

AGENCIES Japan Aerospace 103 (FROM OTHER GOVERNMENT AND NONGOVERNMENT ENTITIES) Exploration Agency ROBOTIC MISSIONS LAUNCHED TO DATE

AGENCIES 103 300+ ROBOTIC MISSIONS LAUNCHED PROJECTS SCIENCE CITIZEN countries TO DATE 300+ PROJECTS SCIENCE CITIZEN countries NASA RANKED OUT OF 18 LARGE NASA RANKED OUT OF 18 LARGE AGENCIES (SIXTH CONSECUTIVE YEAR) Best PLACESBest#1 PLACES #1 AGENCIES (SIXTH CONSECUTIVE YEAR) WALLOPS FLIGHTWALLOPS FACILITY FLIGHT FACILITY GODDARD RANKED OUT OF 150 AGENCY TO WORK IN THE FEDERAL SUBCOMPONENT ORGANIZATIONSGODDARD RANKED OUT OF 150 AGENCY ISS RESUPPLY AIRCRAFT SOUNDING TO WORK IN THE FEDERAL BALLOON (2017 RANKINGS) #2 (HIGHEST AMONG NASA CENTERS)SUBCOMPONENT ORGANIZATIONS ISS RESUPPLY AIRCRAFT SOUNDING GOVERNMENT MISSIONS FLIGHT ROCKET BALLOON (2017 RANKINGS) #2 (HIGHEST AMONG NASA CENTERS) MISSIONS GOVERNMENT MISSIONS FLIGHT ROCKET 2 SUPPORTED 1,2102 HOURS 191,210LAUNCHES 11 19 11 MISSIONS SUPPORTED HOURS LAUNCHES DATA PUBLISHED IN DATASOCIAL PUBLISHED MEDIA IN SOCIAL FOLLOWERS MEDIA FOLLOWERS Balloons High Bay Clean room: Launched Balloons High Bay Clean room: 15,000+ COLUMBIA 1,700+ Launched 15,000++ + COLUMBIAto Date for: 1,700+The world’s largest clean room with 1.2MILLION 493,000+ + SCIENTIFIC to Date for: The world’s largest clean room with SCIENTIFIC PAPERS 1.2MILLION 493,000 35 UniversitiesSCIENTIFIC 1.3 million cubic feet of space TO DATE SCIENTIFIC PAPERS BALLOON 35 Universities 1.3 million cubic feet of space TO DATE 23 ResearchBALLOON Agencies FACILITY 23 Research Agencies + + Est.1961 33 ForeignFACILITY Groups 2.3 500,000+ + Est.1961 33 Foreign Groups MILLION 2.3MILLION 500,000 NASA MISSIONS FACILITY NASA MISSIONS 15FACILITYSUPPORTED articles videos 15 SUPPORTED posted uploadedarticles videos posted IV&Vuploaded SEVERITY ONE to to IV&V SEVERITY ONE 561 147 to to NASA.gov 561YouTube 147 27ISSUES IDENTIFIED Figures are for fiscal 2018 unless noted otherwise. NASA.gov YouTube 27ISSUES IDENTIFIED Figures are for fiscal 2018 unless noted otherwise. HUBBLE HUBBLE

16 17 Connecting Astronauts to Earth

Since 1961, Goddard’s communications networks have served as the backbone for NASA’s human exploration missions, beginning with the use of ground-based antennas. In 1983, Goddard launched the first Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS), which provided continuous communications BENEFITS OF through space-based relays and forever changed the landscape of space communications. Today, Goddard is implementing optical HOW WE DO IT communications in space, which will provide better data rates as NASA returns to the Moon and journeys beyond. NEW TECHNOLOGY

Goddard is working on optical communications between the yet-to-launch Orion mission to the Moon and Earth. The rion EM ptical ounications Space Network (SN) Better Data Rates The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration Systeor will prepare the (LCRD) will test optical communications between technology for implementation on future ORION A constellation of 10 Earth-orbiting Tracking and Goddard is working on implementing multiple new the ISS and Earth As part of its ission D exploration missions. TDRS and the Data Relay Satellites and four ground terminal communications technologies that will deliver more TDRS LCRD will communicate with the Integrated LCRD Goddardanaged Near Earth Networ locations that collectively provide a continuous data at a time to Earth. NEN is constructing new owEarth rit ser Mode and Aplifier which also uses F will also support rion global link between spacecraft and the ground. antennas that can communicate via Ka band to Terminal—or ILLUMA-T—an optical module that at different points in its mission. support the higher data requirements of new science will launch to the space station in the early missions. Optical communications also transmits s D will launch aoard the S Air Near Earth Network (NEN) more data at a time through its higher infrared Force Space Test Program Satellite-6. A series of more than 15 globally located electromagnetic frequency. NASA-owned and contracted commercial ground LUNAR terminals that provides comprehensive communications services to satellites from Size, Weight and Power Efficiencies GATEWAY near-Earth orbit to a million miles from Earth. Optical communications can enable better data rates and its systems can be much smaller than current RF systems. Optical telescopes on the ground can be as NASA Communications Network small as a few inches, while RF antennas are at least ISS TDRS (NASCOM) several meters in diameter. The International Space Station and NGR The central nervous system connected to all of COMMERCIAL Commercial Crew Program—the latter of The Next Generation Relay (NGR) will consist NASA’s communications circuits. NASCOM Technology Transfer which will launch its first ission in are transports and delivers data to control centers of a network of satellites that use optical NASA-developed technologies are often transferred to CREW VEHICLE two huan spaceight endeavors that use or and data centers, which process and disseminate communications to transmit data to and from the private sector for the public's benefit. One of NASA’s will use the TDRS system for their communications the data for the scientific community, other spacecraft. The Goddard Exploration and Space goals is to transfer space communications technologies with Earth The syste uses radio waves or radio ounications proects division is helping agencies and the public. freuency F to counicate with spacecraft and to the private sector, including the technology for optical the unar rit PlatforGateway tea develop communications payloads and ground stations. relay data back to Earth. requirements for their communications system. The lunar gateway could potentially Optical Communications LASER LASER counicate with Earth via NG As the center of excellence for optical Industry Partnerships communications, Goddard is implementing Working with industry provides economic benefits to SN next-generation communications infrastructure NASA and helps infuse emerging commercial LASER that uses infrared waves to deliver more data at a technologies into the agency’s space SN NEN time—while using smaller, lighter and more communications capabilities. These collaborations power-efficient systems. also create jobs within industry.

KEY FACILITIES

WHITE SANDS COMPLEX WALLOPS FLIGHT FACILITY GODDARD GREENBELT CAMPUS SN The SN ground segment at the White Sands Complex in New Mexico As one of the NASA-owned tracking stations, Wallops hosts several NEN antennas that In addition to providing overall management for SN and NEN, the Greenbelt campus man- features ground terminals that provide the hardware and software provide high-quality, low-cost communications services to supported flight missions. Its ages NASCOM, which handles all data from SN, NEN and the Deep Space Network—the NEN necessary to guarantee a constant communications link between Global Monitor and Control Center provides continuous monitoring of passes, allowing latter of which is managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Its spacecraft and the ground. TDRS and NASCOM interface with the for remotely controlled and locally unattended station operations at other sites, including global system of communications transmission, switching and terminal facilities provides customer control center to deliver data. The White Sands SN ground the soon-to-be-completed Launch Communications Segment (LCS) at NASA’s Kennedy internet protocol-routed data, high-rate data and video services. Other capabilities include terminals will support the Orion missions to the Moon and beyond. Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. LCS will provide critical launch communications mission voice communications services and high-volume data transfer among NASA super- capabilities to the Space Launch System rocket and the Orion spacecraft. computers, including the Goddard-based NASA Center for Climate Simulation.

18 19 INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION & VALIDATION PROGRAM

A Quarter Century of Software INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION & ASSURANCE AND MORE YEARS VALIDATION FACILITY

Established as a direct result of Purpose Crew Vehicle and Space The program arranges and sup- FAIRMONT WEST VIRGINIA recommendations made by the Launch System. The program also ports STEM engagement oppor- National Research Council and offers general software safety and tunities—including internships, the Presidential Commission on mission assurance services, includ- student and educator workshops, the Space Shuttle Challenger ing support for the Commercial and STEM competitions—for the Accident, NASA’s Independent Crew Program—a NASA-led ini- next generation of scientists and Verification & Validation Facil- tiative that partners with the U.S. engineers. In 2018, IV&V’s Educa- ity (IV&V)—a division of NASA’s aerospace industry to help develop tor Resource Center coordinated Goddard Space Flight Center—in and operate a new generation of 12 unique competitive robotics Fairmont, West Virginia, contrib- spacecraft and launch systems programs and hosted 51 tourna- utes to the safety and success of capable of carrying crews to low- ments across West Virginia, engag- NASA’s highest-profile missions Earth orbit and the space station. ing more than 5,000 students. by ensuring that software per- forms correctly. In addition to its NASA responsi- For more information about bilities, IV&V performs reimburs- NASA’s Independent Verification The facility and its program, which able work on projects for other & Validation Facility, visit: both celebrated their 25th an- federal agencies as well as mu- http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ivv niversary in June, have provided nicipal governments, contributing software assurance on approxi- to the safety and success of those mately 100 missions and projects organizations and providing an —the first being the International opportunity to improve the tools Space Station in 1994. Other past and techniques used in support of beneficiaries have included the NASA. Cybersecurity assurance Space Shuttle Program, Hubble services are also offered to vari- Space Telescope, Cassini mission ous NASA offices and programs, to Saturn, InSight robotic mission other federal agencies, municipal to Mars, Mars Science Laboratory, governments, and other inter- Magnetospheric Multiscale mission ested parties. and Global Precipitation Measure- ment mission. As part of a collaboration with the West Virginia Space Grant Consor- Consisting of approximately 350 tium and West Virginia University, employees, IV&V is currently pro- IV&V helped build Simulation-to- viding services to 15 NASA mis- Flight 1—the state’s first spacecraft sions, including the James Webb set to launch in late 2018. Space Telescope, Orion Multi- IV&V

20 21 HIGHLIGHTS SOLAR ICESAT-2 TESS RESEARCH

education Providing Better Glacier and NASA’s Newest Missions Combine to Explain OF Ice Measurements Exoplanet Hunter Mystery About Solar Flares

TDRS LCRD WFIRST The Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Following its launch in April, the Observations from three mis- Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) launched Transiting Exoplanet Survey Sat- sions combined to explain a innovation FISCAL in September, nine years fol- ellite (TESS) began its two-year decades-old mystery about how lowing the end of the first IC- survey of nearby stars in search of solar flares—huge explosions ESat mission in 2009. ICESat-2, planets outside the solar system, on the Sun that emit the entire whose sole instrument is the known as exoplanets. Some of electromagnetic spectrum—can UNIVERSE Goddard-developed Advanced these planets could even support sometimes emit gamma rays Topographic Laser Altimeter Sys- life. The spacecraft’s four cam- up to eight hours after a flare.

SUN TECHNOLOGY 2018 tem—or ATLAS—will measure eras allow it to scan 85 percent Data from Fermi, the Solar and glacier and ice sheet elevation of the sky. First science data from Heliospheric Observatory, and Suborbital and sea ice thickness. The mis- TESS were collected in July, and Wind showed that these “long- sion will ultimately “complete the satellite has already found duration” gamma rays are cre- • ICESAT-2 the bridge” to the successful potential new planets. ated as the result of a process GOES-17 • TESS Operation IceBridge campaign, initiated by coronal mass ejec- • SOLAR RESEARCH which conducted numerous sur- tions—giant eruptions of solar Solar System • SAM vey flights over Greenland and material on the Sun. Antarctica to cover the data gap spinoff • TDRS-13 between ICESat missions. • CATCHING FIRST LIGHT • NOAA-20 Webb EARTH • MMS • JWST hubble • IV&V • GOES-17 • LRO IV&V • HUBBLE • DELLINGR • RESTORE-L MMS • PACE mission success planetary GOLD • LCRD • WFIRST Dellingr • JUPITER’S RED SPOT

TESS eclipse • TSIS-1

antares launch JPSS-1 • AURORASAURUS EARTH UNIVERSE SUN

22 23 HIGHLIGHTS OF FISCAL 2018

SAM CATCHING TDRS-13 FIRST LIGHT NOAA-20 MMS JWST

New Findings Support Expanding the Missions Catch First Light From Pole-to-Pole Observations Spacecraft Quartet Moves Testing Continues Prior Search for Life Space Network Merging Neutron Stars of Earth Between Earth and Sun to 2021 Launch

The Goddard-developed Sample NASA’s latest space communica- As part of a global collaboration, Continuing a long-standing rela- After a successful three-year Following years of develop- Analysis at Mars instrument suite tions satellite, Tracking and Data a series of NASA missions—in- tionship with the National Oce- nominal mission, the Magneto- ment, integration and testing aboard the Mars Curiosity rover Relay Satellite-13 (TDRS-13), cluding several that are managed anic and Atmospheric Adminis- spheric Multiscale (MMS) mission of its telescope and instrument detected seasonal variations in completed on-orbit testing and by Goddard—detected light tration (NOAA), NASA launched was extended to study the space components at Goddard—and methane on the Red Planet— was accepted into the Space from merging neutron stars, fur- in November 2017 the Joint environment around Earth. The several months of testing at evidence which relates to the Network in February 2018. The ther confirming the existence of Polar Satellite System-1 (JPSS- quartet of spacecraft comprising NASA’s Johnson Space Center search for current life. The rover Goddard-managed network, gravitational waves. The detec- 1)—later known as NOAA-20—a MMS were moved to a position in Houston—all elements of the also found organic molecules in which comprises other TDRS tion of such waves and the con- polar-orbiting environmental between Earth and the Sun, al- James Webb Space Telescope 3-billion-year-old sedimentary satellites, provides communica- firmation of their existence are satellite that gathers global mea- lowing the mission to examine are currently at a Northrop Grum- rocks near the surface that sug- tions support to more than 40 significant events in astrophysics, surements of atmospheric, ter- the detailed physics of the way man facility in California for final gest Mars could have supported missions, including the Interna- since the waves give greater in- restrial and oceanic conditions. particles, magnetic fields and integration and observatory-level life in the past. While these find- tional Space Station and Hubble sight into how the universe was JPSS satellites are developed by energy behave in the solar wind. testing prior to launch in 2021. ings are not necessarily evidence Space Telescope. The inclusion formed, provide a better under- Goddard for NOAA, which is re- Such data help us better under- Webb will explore the universe of life itself, they set the stage of TDRS-13, known as TDRS-M standing of its fundamental laws sponsible for the operation of the stand the space through which in infrared light, observing the for additional findings by future prior to its launch in August 2017, and further support Albert Ein- spacecraft. There are plans for our astronauts and missions must formation of the first stars and Mars missions. enables the network to continue stein’s general theory of relativity. three additional JPSS satellites to safely travel. galaxies and helping discover its role well into the next decade. follow between 2022 and 2031. how they have evolved over bil- lions of years.

SOLAR SYSTEM SPACE COMMS UNIVERSE EARTH SPACE WEATHER UNIVERSE

24 25 HIGHLIGHTS OF FISCAL 2018

IV&V GOES-17 LRO HUBBLE DELLINGR RESTORE-L

Goddard Division The Latest in the Weather Evidence Suggests Moon’s 28 Years of Discovery The Little CubeSat Demonstrating Robotic Celebrates 25 Years Forecasting Series Water Is Widely Distributed and Counting That Could Satellite Servicing

The Independent Verification Goddard and NASA are partners An analysis of data from the God- Since its launch in 1990, the Originally conceived in 1999, the Restore-L will demonstrate the & Validation Facility—a division with the National Oceanic and dard-managed Lunar Reconnais- Hubble Space Telescope has CubeSat concept has grown in technologies required to ro- of Goddard—in Fairmont, West Atmospheric Administration on sance Orbiter—and the Moon established itself as an inter- popularity thanks to lower costs, botically refuel satellites which Virginia, celebrated a quarter the Geostationary Operational Mineralogy Mapper aboard the national icon of space science, an ability to facilitate never-before- were not originally designed century of providing software Environment Satellite (GOES) Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft—sug- changing the course of as- attempted observing techniques for servicing. This year, using a assurance and more to key NASA program, which has supported gests the Moon’s water is widely tronomy through countless and increasing reliability of minia- newly acquired hexapod robot missions. Since the facility and weather forecasting, severe storm distributed across its surface discoveries in the solar system ture components. The Goddard- and a robotic servicing arm, the its program began operations in tracking and meteorology re- and not confined to a particular to the farthest reaches of the funded Dellingr CubeSat mission Restore-L team practiced au- 1993, they have supported such search since 1974. GOES obser- region or terrain. This could help universe. This past year, among was launched in August 2017 and tonomously tracking and grasp- missions as the International vations have also proven to be researchers understand how to many other achievements, the deployed from the International ing a satellite. Several of the Space Station, Space Shuttle helpful in monitoring dust storms, use the water as a resource, and observatory imaged a kilonova Space Station the following No- mission’s technology elements Program, Hubble Space Tele- volcanic eruptions and forest fires. future explorers might be able to from a landmark gravitational- vember. After lessons learned in will be further developed by scope, InSight robotic mission In March, GOES-S—the second drink it or convert it into hydro- wave event and photographed overcoming design and functional- demonstrations during the Ro- to Mars and Global Precipitation of the current generation of gen and oxygen for rocket fuel. Saturn and Mars near their clos- ity issues, Dellingr is gathering data botic Refueling Mission 3, which Measurement mission. They are GOES satellites—launched into est approaches to Earth in June about the Sun’s influence on Earth’s will launch in late 2018 and test currently providing services to orbit and was later renamed and July, respectively. upper atmosphere using a suite methods for storing and replen- 15 missions, including the James GOES-17. The mission is ex- of miniaturized components and ishing cryogenic fluids in in-orbit Webb Space Telescope. pected to remain operational instruments, further proving the satellites. into the 2030s. viability of smaller satellite designs.

CENTER EARTH SOLAR SYSTEM UNIVERSE SPACE WEATHER TECHNOLOGY

26 27 HIGHLIGHTS OF FISCAL 2018

PACE LCRD WFIRST JUPITER’S TSIS-1 AURO- RED SPOT RASAURUS

Monitoring the Health Optical Communications Payload Surveying the Universe Findings Shed Light on Measuring the Sun’s Citizen Scientists Solve Auroral of Our Ocean Completes Environmental Testing Through a Wider Field Spot’s Mystery Influence on Earth Mystery of “STEVE”

Goddard’s next ocean-observing The Laser Communications Re- Selected as the top priority by A team comprising scientists The Total and Spectral solar Aurorasaurus, a citizen science satellite—the Plankton, Aerosol, lay Demonstration (LCRD) will the National Academy of Sci- from Goddard and other institu- Irradiance Sensor (TSIS-1) will project funded by NASA and Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) be NASA’s third technology ences 2010 Decadal Survey for tions found evidence suggesting help scientists better understand the National Science Founda- mission—continued to hit mile- demonstration of optical com- Astronomy and Astrophysics, that Jupiter’s Great Red Spot has the Sun’s influence on Earth’s tion, tracks the aurora borealis stones toward its expected launch munications in space, enabling the Wide Field Infrared Survey been shrinking for a century and radiation budget, ozone layer, through user-submitted reports in 2022. With its advanced hyper- better data rates with lower Telescope (WFIRST) will study the a half, but has also been getting atmospheric circulation and eco- and tweets. Over several years, spectral measurements, PACE will size, weight and power require- evolution of the universe, dark taller in the process. Researchers system. Following its launch to citizen scientists collectively push forward the 20-year record ments compared to traditional energy and exoplanets. In May, drew on historical observations the International Space Station identified a narrow, purple, sub- of measuring microscopic life on radio frequency communications WFIRST passed a key milestone, and combined them with data in December 2017, the instru- auroral visible structure which the ocean’s surface. PACE will also platforms. The payload recently clearing it to enter its preliminary from NASA spacecraft. The ment became fully operational was largely undocumented in help reveal how the ocean and at- completed environmental testing design phase and begin major group relied on annual observa- in March. Goddard had overall scientific literature. This year, mosphere exchange carbon diox- at Goddard and is being pre- procurements for flight hardware. tions of Jupiter that members responsibility for the develop- Goddard scientists with the Auro- ide and how atmospheric aerosols pared for shipment to a Northrop It also completed a series of re- have been conducting with the ment of TSIS-1 and oversees its rasaurus project showed that the may fuel phytoplankton growth in Grumman facility where it will views that keeps it on track to be- Hubble Space Telescope as operations aboard the space sta- phenomenon—given the name the ocean. Goddard manages the be integrated with the U.S. Air gin the next development phase part of the Outer Planets Atmo- tion. The University of Colorado STEVE—could provide better mission and is building its Ocean Force’s Space Test Program and meet its scientific goals. spheres Legacy project. Laboratory for Atmospheric and insight into how the Sun interacts Color Instrument. Satellite-6 spacecraft, on which Space Physics is responsible for with Earth’s magnetic fields. LCRD will launch. providing solar irradiance mea- surements to Goddard.

EARTH SPACE COMMS UNIVERSE SOLAR SYSTEM EARTH ATMOSPHERE

28 29 A Place for SUCCESS THIS IS WHAT WE DO We launch science. We help an- swer crucial science questions through complex missions that depend on dedicated and in- novative teams to develop pio- neering technologies. Goddard is one of the few organizations worldwide that manages a mis- sion from the concept phase through operations, utilizing internal, partner and industry expertise and resources along the way. The depth and exper- tise of our scientists, engineers, technologists, project manag- ers and support personnel form the foundation of our unique strength. With our leadership in scientific research and in- strument and spacecraft de- velopment, the center has a renowned capability of conceiv- ing and managing advanced sci- ence, technology and space sys- tems through the entire mission life cycle.

Our PRIMARY Lines of Business

30 31 EARTH SCIENCE

After several years in development, Combined Budget $2.2B MISSIONS AND INSTRUMENTS the Goddard-managed Ice, Cloud Combined GSFC 42% UNDERSTANDING and land Elevation Satellite-2 (IC- Budget Percentage IN DEVELOPMENT ESat-2) launched in September, 25% Reimbursable nine years following the end of • Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) • Landsat 9* OUR DYNAMIC Nonreimbursable the first ICESat mission in 2009. 17% • MetOp-C* ICESat-2, whose sole instrument is • Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) the Goddard-developed Advanced Remaining GSFC 58% PLANET Topographic Laser Altimeter Sys- OPERATIONAL tem (ATLAS), will measure glacier MISSIONS • Terra satellite completes and ice sheet elevation and sea ice 3 100,000 orbits around thickness. • Aqua GSFC • Aura Earth FACILITIES Greenbelt MAKING HEADLINES • Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR)* SUCCESSES • Survey flights of Hurricane In December 2017, the Total and • Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)* Spectral solar Irradiance Sensor • GOES-13*, GOES-14*, GOES-15*, GOES-16*, Maria damage in Puerto GOES-17* This New Satellite Could (TSIS-1) launched to the Interna- • Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) Rico aid recovery efforts tional Space Station and became Wallops GISS • Landsat 7*, Landsat 8* Produce the Most Accurate fully operational in March. TSIS-1 • NOAA-20* Weather Predictions Yet LABORATORIES/ • Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Radiometer — Nov. 14, 2017, Los Angeles Times will take long-term measurements OFFICES • Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment 13 (SORCE) of the Sun’s incoming energy. • Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership Birth of a Hurricane (Suomi-NPP)* • Operation IceBridge breaks records STAFF • Terra — Dec. 5, 2017, Slate In January, the Goddard Institute Civil Service, Contract, • Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS-1) in calendar year 2017: seven field for Space Studies released its annu- 1,400+ Other *Joint Agency Satellite campaigns and 214,000 miles al analysis of global temperatures, New NASA Maps Reveal as well as subsequent monthly NASA Strategic Objective 1.1: Understand the Sun, Earth, Solar System, and Universe. SUCCESSES • GLOBE Observer app reaches How Rapidly Antarctica Is Conduct scientific studies of the Earth and Sun from space, return data and samples analyses. Along with accompany- from other bodies in the solar system, peer out into the vast reaches of the universe, 240,000 downloads Melting Away ing data from the National Oceanic and play a catalyzing role in lunar robotic exploration by supporting innovative — Feb. 21, 2018, Inverse approaches to advancing science. These efforts are guided by National priorities and • Citizen science projects attracted and Atmospheric Administration, recommendations from the National Academies’ decadal surveys and implemented 250,000 participants from 103 countries its studies continue to be cited as through a balanced portfolio of programs. Watch a Single Snowflake an authoritative source on Earth’s Melt changing climate. PORTFOLIO — March 30, 2018, Atlas Obscura • 9 NASA Honor Awards In April, more than half a year after • 3 New American Geophysical Union Fellows Join NASA’s Operation ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION Hurricane Maria wreaked havoc on • U.N. Environment Programme “Champions of IceBridge on Its Icy Polar Puerto Rico, a NASA team surveyed the Earth” Award Mission damage to the island’s forests as AWARDS • U.S. Geological Survey William T. Pecora Award — April 25, 2018, New Scientist part of the recovery effort. An air- HYDROSPHERIC PROCESSES • William Nordberg Memorial Award for borne campaign, funded by NASA Earth Science As the Ice Melts, NASA Will and other agencies, flew Goddard’s • 2 New American Meteorological Society Fellows Be Watching Lidar, Hyperspectral and Thermal — Sept. 14, 2018, The New York Times Imager (G-LiHT) to collect data on CARBON CYCLE AND ECOSYSTEMS surface temperature, vegetation structure and more. The team flew G-LiHT above the same tracks CLIMATE AND WEATHER before the hurricane to study how tropical forests regrow on aban- doned agricultural land. EARTH SURFACE AND INTERIOR HIGHLIGHTS

32 33 ASTROPHYSICS

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Budget $1.0B MISSIONS IN Satellite launched on April 18, and GSFC Budget SEEING THE Percentage 19% DEVELOPMENT it is already providing valuable data that will help scientists discover and 19% Astrophysics • BurstCube study new exoplanets and determine • High Resolution Mid-Infrared Spectrometer COSMOS IN A (HIRMES) for the Stratospheric Observatory for whether they can support life. Infrared Astronomy • Transient Astrophysics Observer on the ISS (ISS-TAO) The Neutron star Interior Composi- 81% Remaining GSFC • James Webb Space Telescope NEW LIGHT • Micro-X tion Explorer has been performing • Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) well, providing high-precision mea- • X-ray Advanced Concepts Testbed (XACT) • X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission surements of neutron stars. (XRISM) 2 • 43 refereed The Primordial Inflation Polarization OPERATIONAL GSFC scientific papers MAKING HEADLINES Explorer (PIPER) balloon payload MISSIONS FACILITIES Greenbelt Wallops PUBLICATIONS is in its second year of test flights. • 26 press releases • Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) Scientists Detect PIPER is investigating the theory that • Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) our nascent universe expanded by a LABORATORIES/ • Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Gravitational Waves From OFFICES • High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive a New Kind of Nova, trillion by trillion times immediately 5 Research Center (HEASARC) • Hubble Space Telescope Sparking a New Era in following the big bang. • International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL)* Astronomy • International Space Station Cosmic Ray Energetics — Oct. 16, 2017, Washington Post The Transient Astrophysics Observer STAFF and Mass (ISS-CREAM) on the ISS, a Goddard-led Mission of 370 • Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory • Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer Research Opportunities in Space NASA’s Hubble Discovers Opportunity proposal, was selected (NICER) • Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and Earth Science (ROSES) Wobbling Galaxies That for a Phase A study. The mission’s • Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) Could Reveal Nature of primary goal is to detect X-ray coun- • Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) • 55 ROSES proposals • X-ray Multi-Mirror (XXM-Newton)* PROPOSALS Dark Matter terparts to gravitational waves pro- • X-ray Quantum Calorimeter (XQC • 8 selected, 43 pending — Oct. 27, 2017, Newsweek duced by neutron stars merging with *Joint Agency Satellite selection decisions black holes and other neutron stars. NASA’s James Webb NASA Strategic Objective 1.1: Understand the Sun, Earth, Solar Sys- Space Telescope Arrives The science payload for the James tem, and Universe. Conduct scientific studies of the Earth and Sun from in California for Final Webb Space Telescope arrived at space, return data and samples from other bodies in the solar system, Assembly peer out into the vast reaches of the universe, and play a catalyzing role — Feb. 8, 2018, Space.com Northrop Grumman’s Space Park in lunar robotic exploration by supporting innovative approaches to • Breakthrough Prizes in Fundamental Physics, facility in California. Communica- advancing science. These efforts are guided by National priorities and WMAP Science Team tion between the spacecraft and recommendations from the National Academies’ decadal surveys and • John C. Lindsay Memorial Award for Space Science NASA’s James Webb Space telescope was successful during implemented through a balanced portfolio of programs. • American Astronautical Society Space Technology Telescope to Reveal Secrets of the Red Planet testing. Progress continues on the AWARDS Award — Feb. 21, 2018, Astrobiology Magazine development work for the Wide • American Astronautical Society Technology Award PORTFOLIO • American Astronautical Society President’s Field Infrared Survey Telescope. The Recognition Award NASA’s Neutron Star renamed Neil Gehrels Swift Obser- PHYSICS OF THE COSMOS • 5 NASA Honor Awards Interior Composition vatory marked 13 years of game- How does the universe work? Probe the origin and Explorer Finds Pulsar in changing astrophysics and remains destiny of our universe, including the nature of black holes, dark energy, dark matter and gravity. Ultracompact Orbit the only satellite capable of precisely — May 11, 2018, SciNews locating the universe’s most power- COSMIC ORIGINS ful explosions and monitoring them How did we get here? Explore the origin and NASA’s Latest Exoplanet evolution of the galaxies, stars and planets that before they fade from view. Orbiting make up our universe. Hunter Spots Dozens of Earth for more than 28 years, the Potential New Worlds Hubble Space Telescope continues EXOPLANET EXPLORATION — Sept. 6, 2018, Nature Are we alone? Discover and study planets around other to allow humanity to explore farther stars and explore whether they could harbor life. into the universe. HIGHLIGHTS

34 35 HELIOPHYSICS

The Goddard Heliophysics Science Budget $206.3M MISSIONS IN Division saw results—and new GSFC Budget 4% OBSERVING AND starts—that extended its knowl- Percentage DEVELOPMENT edge of space throughout the • Solar Orbiter* solar system. The division created 4% Heliophysics LIVING WITH OUR a new laboratory focusing on the ionosphere, thermosphere and me- OPERATIONAL Remaining MISSIONS sosphere—key parts of near-Earth 96% GSFC CLOSEST STAR space—where a mix of terrestrial weather and space weather creates • Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) an intense, constantly changing en- • Geotail* • Approximately 250 vironment that can interrupt radio • Global Observations of the Limb and publications in scientific 3 Disk (GOLD) MAKING HEADLINES and GPS signals. Timely for the journals GSFC • Hinode* PUBLICATIONS lab, the Global Observations of the • Interface Region Imaging FACILITIES Greenbelt • More than 100 primary Limb and Disk, or GOLD, mission Spectrograph (IRIS) Stellar Storms May Light news articles and launched in early 2018. First light • Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) Up Signs of Life on Alien • Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) interviews observations came in September, • Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Planets and Goddard is looking forward to (SOHO)* — Nov. 27, 2017, Space.com more observations from the fastest Wallops GISS • Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) • Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Mystery of Whale and continuous scans ever gathered of LABORATORIES/ (STEREO) Earth’s ionosphere. OFFICES • Thermosphere Ionosphere • Supported launch, communications and Dolphin Strandings May 5 Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics commissioning of GOLD Hinge on NASA Data (TIMED) Goddard supported testing—and • Time History of Events and • Supported testing, launch, communica- — Dec. 12, 2017, LiveScience Macroscale Interactions during the subsequent launch—of Parker STAFF tions and guest operations of Parker Substorms (THEMIS/ARTEMIS) Solar Probe Solar Probe in August 2018. This • Wind SUCCESSES NASA ‘Goes for Gold’ 350+ • Awarded two mission concept studies for *Joint Agency Satellite Thursday With Successful mission to touch the Sun demon- potential heliophysics Explorer missions Mission Launch strated that studying the Sun and • Dellingr CubeSat deployed from Interna- outpouring of solar wind helps us NASA Strategic Objective 1.1: Understand the Sun, Earth, Solar System, and tional Space Station — Jan. 25, 2018, CNN better understand our closest star Universe. Conduct scientific studies of the Earth and Sun from space, return data and samples from other bodies in the solar system, peer out into the vast reaches and how its radiation affects satel- of the universe, and play a catalyzing role in lunar robotic exploration by sup- A New Clue to the Pinkish lites and astronauts. porting innovative approaches to advancing science. These efforts are guided by Streak Named Steve National priorities and recommendations from the National Academies’ decadal • 8 NASA Honor Awards — March 16, 2018, Science Friday surveys and implemented through a balanced portfolio of programs. The division continues to work with • 7 Robert H. Goddard Awards • American Astronomical Society Solar Physics Division Fly Me to the Sun CubeSat missions, with Dellingr PORTFOLIO Karen Harvey Prize deploying from the International • American Geophysical Union Athelstan Spilhaus Award — May 1, 2018, The Atlantic Space Station in November 2017. AWARDS • American Geophysical Union Space Physics and The division’s research has made Aeronomy Fred Scarf Award Forgotten Data From SOLAR PHYSICS use of 17 spaceborne heliophysics • International Alexander Chizhevsky Medal for Space 1996 Sheds New Light on Weather and Space Climate Jupiter’s Mysterious Moon missions, as well as other relevant • John Mather Nobel Scholarship spacecraft, sounding rockets and HELIOSPHERIC PHYSICS Ganymede ground observations. Highlights — May 1, 2018, Gizmodo include: understanding how out- GEOSPACE PHYSICS put from other suns affects the Parker Solar Probe habitability of planets, determining Launches on NASA Voyage SPACE WEATHER whether solar storms affect whale to ‘Touch the Sun’ and dolphin strandings, discovering — Aug. 11, 2018, The New York Times a new type of aurora, and gaining IONOSPHERE, THERMOSPHERE, insight into the space environment MESOSPHERE HIGHLIGHTS around Jupiter’s moon Ganymede.

36 37 PLANETARY SCIENCE

The Goddard Solar System Explora- Budget $354.6M tion Division spearheaded efforts MISSIONS AND INSTRUMENTS IN GSFC Budget 7% DEVELOPMENT or Integration EXPLORING for the Mars Atmosphere and Vola- Percentage tile Evolution (MAVEN) mission; • Lucy Planetary Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter; and Science • Mass Spectrometer for MOMA (Mars 7% Organic Molecule Analyzer) on ExoMars OTHER Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security- Remaining OPERATIONAL Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx). It 93% GSFC MISSIONS WORLDS provided contributions to the Mars • Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Science Laboratory and Juno mis- • Mars has an invisible magnetic • Mars Evolution and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) “tail” that is twisted because sion to Jupiter. • Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identifi- cation, Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) of interaction with the solar 1 wind, according to research The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) OPERATIONAL INSTRUMENTS FAST using data from MAVEN. MAKING HEADLINES GSFC • Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA) for instrument suite aboard the Mars FACILITY Greenbelt New Horizons’ Ralph Camera • The oversized planet Curiosity rover found new evidence • Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) for LRO FACTS WASP-18b is wrapped in preserved in Martian rocks that • Magnetometer for the Deep Space Climate a smothering stratosphere Forecast for Titan: Cold LABORATORIES/ Observatory (DSCOVR*) loaded with carbon monoxide With a Chance of Noxious suggests the planet could have OFFICES • Magnetometers for Juno, MAVEN, Parker Solar 6 Probe, Van Allen Probes and Voyager and devoid of water. Ice Clouds supported ancient life, as well as • Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) — Oct. 19, 2017, Universe Today new evidence in the Martian atmo- for MAVEN • OSIRIS-REx Visible and Infrared Spectrometer sphere that relates to the search STAFF (OVIRS) Jupiter’s Great Red Spot Is for current life on the Red Planet. • Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) Instrument Suite 323 for Mars Curiosity Rover Our scientists hold leadership roles in the Getting Taller as It Shrinks While not necessarily evidence of *Joint Agency Satellite following: — March 17, 2018, Inverse life itself, these findings are a good • Goddard Center for Astrobiology* sign for future missions exploring NASA Strategic Objective 1.1: Understand the Sun, Earth, Solar System, and • DREAM2 Center for Space Environments** Newest NASA Discoveries Universe. Conduct scientific studies of the Earth and Sun from space, return LEADERSHIP Could Boost Search for the planet’s surface and subsurface. data and samples from other bodies in the solar system, peer out into the vast • Nexus for Exoplanet Systems Science reaches of the universe, and play a catalyzing role in lunar robotic exploration (NExSS) Ancient Life on Mars After an almost two-year journey, by supporting innovative approaches to advancing science. These efforts are • Solar System Exploration Data Services — June 7, 2018, Washington Post the asteroid-sampling spacecraft guided by National priorities and recommendations from the National Academies’ Office OSIRIS-REx began the final ap- decadal surveys and implemented through a balanced portfolio of programs. NASA Discovers Mars’ proach toward its target asteroid Proton Auroras Made Bennu on Dec. 3. PORTFOLIO Possible by Stolen Electrons MAVEN found a new type of aurora MASS SPECTROMETRY • Researchers with NASA’s Cassini mission have found — July 23, 2018, Daily Mail that occurs over much of the day Sampling on the Spot evidence of a toxic hybrid ice in a wispy cloud high above the south pole of Titan, Saturn’s largest moon. Uh Oh, Mars Doesn’t Have side of Mars, where auroras are INFRARED SPECTROMETRY DID YOU • Powerful solar eruptions could electrically charge Enough Carbon Dioxide to very hard to see. It discovered new Remote Sensing Be Terraformed ions, including metal ions in the up- areas of the Martian moon Phobos to hundreds of KNOW? volts, presenting a complex electrical environment — July 31, 2018, Universe Today per atmosphere. It also discovered MAGNETOMETRY The Influence of Planets that could possibly affect sensitive electronics carried that Mars has an invisible magnetic by future robotic explorers. How Greenland Scorched “tail” that is twisted because of its LASER AND LIDAR Its Underside interaction with the solar wind. Precision Measurements *A node of the NASA Astrobiology Institute — Aug. 1, 2018, BBC News **Part of NASA’s Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute Goddard shipped the mass spec- ASTROBIOLOGY AND ASTROCHEMISTRY Asteroid Probe Captures trometer for the Mars Organic Mol- Origins of Life and Extraterrestrial Organics First Images of Its Distant ecule Analyzer to Italy for integra- Target tion into the ExoMars mission. The GRAVITY SCIENCE — Aug. 24, 2018, CBS News magnetometers aboard the Parker Internal Structure and Surface Change Solar Probe mission were integrated GEOPHYSICS AND GEOCHEMISTRY in time for the August 2018 launch. How Planets Evolve HIGHLIGHTS

38 39 SPACE COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION

In 2018, the Goddard Exploration Budget $312.9M MISSIONS IN and Space Communications (ESC) GSFC Budget 6% BRINGING projects division supported critical Percentage DEVELOPMENT efforts in human spaceflight and Space Communications and Navigation • Laser Communications Relay made strides in developing new 6% Demonstration (LCRD) KNOWLEDGE technology for future science and • Laser-Enhanced Mission exploration missions. Communications Navigation and 94% Remaining GSFC Operational Services (LEMNOS) BACK TO Earth ESC’s human spaceflight network OPERATIONAL team used two of the agency’s • TDRS-13 completed on-orbit MISSIONS testing and was accepted into space communications networks— the Space Network. the Space Network and Near Earth 3 • Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-3, 5-13 • A new Near Earth Network Network—to communicate with GSFC (TDRS-3, 5-13) antenna in Alaska, AS-2, SUCCESSES became operational. MAKING HEADLINES NASA’s next human-rated vehicle, FACILITIES Greenbelt • The Space Network supported the Orion spacecraft, at NASA’s LABORATORIES/ OFFICES its 122nd consecutive Interplanetary-Internet Test Kennedy Space Center in Cape 3 launch with 100 percent Canaveral, Florida. This was an communications proficiency. Sends Antarctic Selfie to important milestone that will help Wallops White Sands Space Station — Nov. 29, 2017, Space.com ensure effective support for Orion’s NASA Strategic Objective 2.1: Lay the Foundation for America to Maintain a planned missions to the Moon. Constant Human Presence in Low Earth Orbit Enabled by a Commercial Market. Enable space-based low Earth orbit economy by transitioning ISS operations and • ESC facilitated a disruption-tolerant networking Live High Definition Video maintenance to commercial and international partners, while continuing to leverage communications demonstration, pushing the The Tracking and Data Relay Satel- ISS for research, technology development, and to extend human presence in space. technology closer to more widespread use. From Mars? NASA Is NASA Strategic Objective 3.1: Develop and Transfer Revolutionary Technologies Getting Ready lite (TDRS) system was vital to the to Enable Exploration Capabilities for NASA and the Nation. Advance revolutionary • An experiment that will conduct the first dem- successful execution of the agency’s technologies for NASA and the Nation, involving commercial space products, onstration of next-generation X-ray communica- — March 14, 2018, NPR specifically for utilization of near-Earth space; efficient transportation through space; tions completed system-level vibration testing at Year of Education on Station cam- access to planetary surfaces; enabling human space exploration; next generation SUCCESSES NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. paign. The system’s communications science missions; and growth and utilization of the U.S. industrial and academic base. • The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration Top Five Technologies NASA Strategic Objective 4.2: Enable Space Access and Services. Support the completed environmental testing. The payload Needed for a Spacecraft to support enabled astronauts to hold communication, launch service, rocket propulsion testing, and strategic capabilities needs of NASA’s programs. is being prepared for shipment and eventual Survive Deep Space a series of downlinks and engage integration with a spacecraft. NASA Strategic Objective 4.6: Sustain Infrastructure Capabilities and Operations. — Aug. 6, 2018, Space Daily with students around the country. Enable NASA’s Mission by providing the facilities, tools, and services required to efficiently manage, operate and sustain the infrastructure necessary to meet mission objectives. ESC also advanced numerous cut- NASA to Study Use of ting-edge communications tech- Commercial Partnerships nologies in 2018. Together with PORTFOLIO The Search and Rescue mission office completed for Space Communications industry partners, ESC began testing Search upgrades to, and is now testing, its Goddard ground Services SATELLITE TELECOMMUNICATIONS station, making it the first station compatible with portable ground stations for integra- Space Network: Four ground terminals to support 10 — Aug. 22, 2018, Space News TDRS spacecraft. Near Earth Network: fifteen ground second-generation distress beacons, which were also tion with the Near Earth Network. terminal locations with 50 percent of services by and developed at Goddard. In an emergency, these beacons Integration would enable increased commercial providers. will provide a significantly more accurate location than NASA to Use Data Lasers network agility and expanded cov- LASER COMMUNICATIONS current beacons, making it easier for rescue teams to to Beam Data From Space Rescue find those in distress. Engineering lead and operations coordinator for to Earth erage for missions up to a million three optical stations. miles from Earth. The Laser Com- — Aug. 30, 2018, Network World munications Relay Demonstration SEARCH AND RESCUE Architecture and engineering support for 93 completed environmental testing. international GEO/LEO/MEO local user terminals. Communications ESC also explored industry col- Infrastructure on Mars laborations for the Next Generation SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT Could Be the Envy of Earth Identification of mission parameters and frequencies Relay project, which will incorporate within radio spectrum allocations for communications — Sept. 6, 2018, Forbes laser communications to increase or data transfer. data rates and reduce size, weight NAVIGATION and power requirements for com- Life cycle trajectory designs, orbit, estimation and associated space/ground system development. HIGHLIGHTS munications systems.

40 41 SUBORBITAL PROGRAMS AND RANGE SERVICES

In fiscal 2018, Wallops Flight Fa- Budget $138.1M MISSIONS IN cility’s suborbital flight platforms GSFC Budget 3% ENABLING were critical to enabling about 40 Percentage DEVELOPMENT science, technology development Suborbital Programs • HaloSat and TROPICS small satellite and Range Services and education missions worldwide. 3% missions SCIENCE AND Two Antares commercial cargo re- • Northrop Grumman missions for Antares and Minotaur launches supply missions to the International • Range support to Rocket Lab’s first flight Space Station delivered nearly 97% Remaining GSFC from Wallops • Scientific balloon missions (18) EXPLORATION 15,000 pounds of cargo and experi- • Sounding rocket missions (25) ments to astronauts. In addition, advances in the facility’s SmallSat OPERATIONAL portfolio, sustained partnerships 3 MISSIONS • Dedication of the new and ongoing facility upgrades all GSFC Mission Operations FACILITIES CSBF MAKING HEADLINES contributed to a highly productive • Airborne Carbon and Transport – PROGRESS Control Center and America (ACT-America) and successful year. • Cloud and Aerosol Monsoonal Processes new Wallops Island Fire White Sands Wallops – Philippines Experiment (CAMPEX) Station • Grand Challenge Initiative Some notable technology advance- • International Space Station Commercial Orbital ATK’s Antares ments included using Wallops’ 6 1,100+ Resupply Services Rocket Sends Cygnus • Observation of Aerosols above Clouds sounding rocket capability to deliv- NASA STAFF Cargo Ship to Space AIRCRAFT and their intEractionS (ORACLES) er a scaled version of a supersonic • Operation IceBridge Station With a ‘Nation’ parachute to a test altitude and — Nov. 12, 2017, GeekWire speed similar to conditions seen NASA Strategic Objective 1.1: Understand the Sun, Earth, Solar System, and Universe. Conduct scientific studies of the Earth and Sun from space, return data and samples from other bodies in the • Continued growth in the facility’s when entering Mars’ atmosphere. solar system, peer out into the vast reaches of the universe, and play a catalyzing role in lunar robotic exploration by supporting innovative approaches to advancing science. These efforts are guided by SmallSat portfolio Students Get an Out of This The successful tests led to the National priorities and recommendations from the National Academies’ decadal surveys and implemented through a balanced portfolio of programs. World Experience at NASA final certification of the parachute NASA Strategic Objective 3.1: Develop and Transfer Revolutionary Technologies to Enable • Upgrades to NASA’s Bermuda Tracking Wallops Flight Facility Exploration Capabilities for NASA and the Nation. Advance revolutionary technologies for NASA and PROGRESS technology for use in the Mars the Nation, involving commercial space products, specifically for utilization of near-Earth space; efficient Station, critical to International Space — Feb. 3, 2018, WMDT.com transportation through space; access to planetary surfaces; enabling human space exploration; next Station missions and future Space 2020 mission. The Scientific Balloon generation science missions; and growth and utilization of the U.S. industrial and academic base. Program conducted two successful NASA Strategic Objective 3.2: Transform Aviation Through Revolutionary Technology Research, Launch System launches Development, and Transfer. Maintain and advance U.S. global leadership in aviation through application Antares Rocket Launches test flights of its 60-million-cubic- of new concepts and technologies pioneered by NASA and developed in partnership with U.S. industry that lead to transformative improvements in mobility, efficiency, and safety. NASA Cargo to Space foot balloon, which is the largest NASA Strategic Objective 4.3: Assure Safety and Mission Success. Assure effective management of Station in Dazzling Predawn heavy-lift scientific balloon the NASA programs and operations to complete the mission safely and successfully. Liftoff agency flies. — May 21, 2018, Space.com PORTFOLIO • 19 sounding rocket launches • 11 balloon missions Key facility upgrades were finalized. NASA Rocket With Student The new Mission Operations Con- SOUNDING ROCKETS FAST • 1,210 aircraft flight hours for 10 different missions Experiments to Launch trol Center serves as the hub for • Dellingr and HaloSat small satellites deployed from Tuesday From Wallops interfacing with rockets, payloads International Space Station SCIENTIFIC BALLOONS — Aug. 13, 2018, Delmarva Now and associated support systems FACTS • Near Earth Network supported: 47,976 passes collecting during launch operations. The 723,173 minutes of data; overall: 2,323,404 minutes RESEARCH AIRCRAFT NASA Successfully new Wallops Island Fire Station of communications services for 59 different spacecraft Launched a Football enhances the facility’s response in LAUNCH RANGE/MISSION Stadium-Sized Scientific support of operations. Continued MANAGEMENT Balloon airfield enhancements continued — Sept. 5, 2018, Aerotech News as well as planning for conducting NEAR EARTH NETWORK a beach nourishment project for Wallops Visitor Center the Wallops Shoreline Protection EARTH SCIENCE FIELD Celebrates NASA 60th program, which is key for protect- SUPPORT OFFICE Anniversary Sept. 22 ing $1.2 billion in assets on Wallops — Sept. 22, 2018, Shore Daily News Island. The facility also supported a SMALL SATELLITES HIGHLIGHTS whole host of education programs.

42 43 Orbital Servicing and Assembly

On June 7, the Goddard Satellite Cross-Cutting Technologies and Capabilities Servicing Projects Division (SSPD) Budget $213.5M MISSIONS IN Pioneering DEVELOPMENT completed a crucial series of tests GSFC Budget 4% for the Robotic Refueling Mission Percentage 3 (RRM3). The mission—scheduled Cross-Cutting • Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) Cross-Cutting Technologies Repair Mission (Tools Support) for launch in late 2018—will test the and Capabilities techniques necessary to transfer 4% • Restore-L and store cryogenic fluid in orbit, • Robotic External Leak Locator 2 (RELL2) Satellite advancing satellite servicing and 96% Remaining GSFC • Robotic Refueling Mission 3 (RRM3) helping enable long-duration travel • Robotics Tool Stowage (RiTS) to such destinations as the Moon Servicing and Mars. OPERATIONAL MISSIONS SSPD also completed important 1 Technologies tests for Restore-L, which will dem- GSFC onstrate the technologies required FACILITY • Raven Greenbelt to robotically refuel satellites not designed for servicing. Using a newly acquired hexapod robot NASA Strategic Objective 2.1: Lay the Foundation for America • Successful inertia simulation with MAKING HEADLINES and a robotic servicing arm, SSPD to Maintain a Constant Human Presence in Low Earth Orbit Enabled by a Commercial Market. Enable space-based low Earth hexapod robot for the autonomous practiced autonomously tracking orbit economy by transitioning ISS operations and maintenance to portion of Restore-L and grasping a satellite. commercial and international partners, while continuing to leverage • Kodiak Lidar completed a successful ISS for research, technology development, and to extend human Successes critical design review. Satellite on the Fritz? The division made advances in spe- presence in space. • NASA issued two licenses and one Space Aerospace Companies Are cialized robotic tools. It provided NASA Strategic Objective 3.1: Develop and Transfer Act agreement for commercial use of Building a Geek Squad of Space Robots a commercial SSPD-designed Ad- Revolutionary Technologies to Enable Exploration Capabilities Cooperative Service Valve, which makes for NASA and the Nation. Advance revolutionary technologies satellites more easily refuelable. — Nov. 20, 2017, Los Angeles Times vanced Tool Drive System for use for NASA and the Nation, involving commercial space products, at NASA’s Langley Research Center specifically for utilization of near-Earth space; efficient transportation through space; access to planetary surfaces; enabling human space Restore-L Satellite-Servicing in Virginia and Northrop Grumman Mission Passes NASA Innovation Systems’ Commercial exploration; next generation science missions; and growth and utilization of the U.S. industrial and academic base. Design Review Infrastructure for Robotic Assem- • RRM3 completed a crucial series of tests, bringing it closer to launch in late 2018. — Dec. 21, 2017, Aerospace bly and Services project. It also NASA Strategic Objective 4.1: Engage in Partnership Strategies. Support cooperative, reimbursable, and funded initiatives through • Raven observed 10 spacecraft rendezvous with the Technology issued two licenses of its Coop- domestic and international partnerships. International Space Station. erative Service Valve (CSV) to two NASA Working on Robots Successes • SSPD hosted its second Satellite Servicing Technology interested companies. The CSV is Industry Day with more than 40 U.S. companies attending. Capable of Fixing Satellites helping pave the way for designing PORTFOLIO • NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine visited SSPD’s in Space satellites with servicing in mind, Robotic Operations Center to witness satellite servicing — July 20, 2018, Autoevolution and the licenses are key to SSPD’s technologies in action. RENDEZVOUS AND PROXIMITY strategy to transfer technologies Next-Generation OPERATIONS to U.S. companies. SSPD has been Photodetector Camera actively transferring its technolo- to Deploy During Demo HIGH-SPEED, HYBRID COMPUTING gies to industry, and more than 20 Mission — July 31, 2018, Science Daily companies have expressed interest. DEXTEROUS ROBOTICS The Robotics Tool Stowage project, which will provide storage for the NASA Plans to Transfer FLUID TRANSFER Robotic External Leak Locator 2 Satellite Servicing outside the International Space Technologies to SPECIALIZED TOOLS Commercial Sector Station, completed a robot design — Aug. 29, 2018, ExecutiveBiz review. COOPERATIVE SERVICING AIDS HIGHLIGHTS

44 45 A Place for SERVICE

THIS IS WHY IT MATTERS Our talented people, driven by a common and worthwhile purpose, have made countless contributions toward enhancing our collective knowledge and way of life. We safeguard the long-term public trust by culti- vating our workforce, ensuring a safe and sustainable workplace, effectively meeting our mission commitments, and applying our scientific breakthroughs to stimu- late economic growth, foster education, inspire the nation and impact the world. We achieve this through a broad spectrum of institutional support efforts, including:

• Legal • Procurement • Information technology • Financial management • Human capital management • Equal opportunity programs • Diversity and inclusion • Conflict management (alter- It is difficult to say what is native dispute resolution, anti-harassment) impossible, for the dream of • Protective services yesterday is the hope of today • Environmental and medical management and the reality of tomorrow. • Facilities management and transportation – Robert H. Goddard • Logistics • Knowledge and information management • Government and community relations • Proposal development • Education and public outreach Our Life @ Goddard • Public communication

46 47 INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT IT AND COMMUNICATIONS

Paving the road to mission success Enhancing Customer Capability to ENABLE GODDARD’S MISSION

Goddard is committed to provid- transforming and preparing the facilities management, protective The past year featured multiple aged Solutions for Enterprise-Wide a configuration management solu- ing comprehensive center sup- center for the missions of tomor- services, medical and environmen- information technology projects Procurement contract had a record tion to enable PIV on native macOS port services for its workforce and row. Overall, institutional support tal management, and information and services to support Goddard’s number of product and service capabilities across NASA. Goddard current missions, as well as to includes procurement operations, and logistics management. mission and its customers across all orders in fiscal 2018. met the Department of Home- locations. The Secure Lab Enclave land Security’s Hypertext Transfer NASA Strategic Goal 4: Optimize Capabilities and Operations network was developed with scien- ONGOING PROJECTS Protocol Secure-only mandate for tific and engineering communities Cloud Services: Goddard has been external facing systems, addressing 2018 HIGHLIGHTS OF CENTER SUPPORT FOR GODDARD’S MISSION: across the center to allow for more implementing a computing strategy more than 1,150 websites. secure operations under a reduced to support programs and projects risk profile. Goddard began imple- through public and private cloud End User Services: The Goddard With more than 1,700 active procurement instruments, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center con- menting Internet Protocol televi- services. This strategy includes a IT and Communications Directorate 1 tinues to maintain one of the agency’s largest and most diverse acquisition portfolios and leads the sion to enable upgraded TV and better account provisioning model. has been working with the agency agency in the number of procurement transactions. To ensure that the center meets its mission needs video services, increase coverage The Goddard Private Cloud is be- to enhance the customer experi- and agency commitments, Goddard completed eight major contract awards with 10 additional com- and enhance information services ing developed to provide in-house ence and provide greater security. petitions in progress. In addition, Goddard exceeded its small business obligations in fiscal 2018, on the Greenbelt campus while cloud capabilities. A cost-reducing service model for achieving 26.8 percent against a goal of 23.3 percent. replacing the current TV systems multifunction devices was devel- at Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. Cybersecurity: Goddard stream- oped and implemented. Mobile de- Goddard completed the transition lined the process for traveling inter- vice management was rolled out to Goddard broke ground on the Instrument Development Facility after clearing the site previously of agency mission-routed data ser- nationally with approved IT devices. NASA-approved devices, providing 2 occupied by the Building 16 warehouse complex. Goddard also completed the relocation of two vices from the legacy network and Goddard’s progress on the fed- the ability to securely access and Landsat Mission Operation Command Centers and finished repairs and improvements for the Hori- established the NASA Communica- eral personal identity verification encrypt emails on phones. God- zontal Integration Facility and airfield runways at Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. Underground tions System mission backbone to (PIV) mandate supported NASA in dard and the agency are moving power feeders were also replaced at the Goddard central plant and Wallops to enhance reliability. significantly improve the manage- achieving 87 percent compliance. toward a new end services contract ment of cybersecurity risk for flight Goddard led the development of to promote seamless collaboration. Consistent with the center’s focus on Earth science, Goddard’s Energy Conservation Performance Plan projects and mission customers. 3 outlines how Goddard will reduce its energy consumption by 25 percent from 2015 through 2025. Goddard completed IT outfitting NASA Strategic Objective 4.5: Ensure Enterprise Protection. We began construction on a 13-megawatt, ground-mounted solar photovoltaic system at Wallops. for Wallops’ Mission Operations Increase the resiliency of NASA’s enterprise systems by assessing risks The system will provide 80 percent of the electrical needs on the main base, reducing greenhouse Control Center, which manages the and implementing comprehensive, economical, and actionable solutions. gas emissions by 19,880 metric tons. facility’s launches. PORTFOLIO The Goddard Institute for Space Acquisitions of electrical, electronic and electromechanical parts for Goddard missions exceeded $22 Studies in New York renovated its 4 million. Goddard also planned and provided mission-critical shipping operations for the James Webb communications infrastructure and MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS Space Telescope; the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System space instrument; the Ice, Cloud, relocated carrier services to enable and land Elevation Satellite 2; and the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation space instrument. employees to work more efficiently. INFORMATION SECURITY Goddard transitioned its mission COMMUNICATIONS support organizations to a common Goddard completed construction and took beneficial occupancy on two new buildings: the Wallops infrastructure, thereby improving IT END USER SERVICES 5 Island Fire Station that houses the personnel and equipment in support of the local fire department, operations. and the Mission Operations Control Center that supports all launch control, mission monitoring and APPLICATIONS launch operations for Wallops. A formal ribbon-cutting ceremony was held for both buildings. God- Goddard provided mission-critical dard leadership, NASA Headquarters personnel, and several local and state dignitaries attended. communications support for more DATA CENTER than 35 events. The Goddard-man-

48 49 PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

the Gateway to Goddard

NASA Strategic Objective 3.3: Inspire and Engage the Public in Aeronautics, Space, and BRINGING Science. Inspire, engage, educate, and employ the next generation of explorers through 201 8 Public Communication Highlights NASA-unique Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics learning opportunities.

NASA TO Social Media • Approximately 75 percent of content posted • Five of the 15 largest agency Facebook • Goddard is an agency leader in using to flagship NASA social media accounts accounts, in terms of followers, are based at existing social media platforms in newer Goddard is an agency leader in maintaining high-profile social media comes from Goddard. The large following of Goddard. ways, organizing more than 20 “live show accounts, whose followings continue to grow. As traditional social me- @NASA on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram • Four of the 10 largest agency Instagram video” broadcasts and spearheading the dia platforms mature, the center is also focusing more on supporting brings Goddard an extended audience. accounts, in terms of followers, are based in agencywide “vertical video” revolution in THE WORLD Goddard content that is embedded in main NASA accounts, which have part at Goddard. which content is developed for Instagram TV. millions of followers.

Goddard’s scientific discoveries The Stories We Tell Top 10 Articles Views Top 10 Articles Views and technological advancements 1 Public Invited to Come Aboard NASA’s First Mission to Touch the Sun 599,139 6 Improved Hubble Yardstick Gives Fresh Evidence for New Physics in the Universe 128,251 have benefitted society in count- Goddard posted 561 articles to www.nasa.gov in fiscal 2018. The 2 Hubble’s Messier Catalog 277,552 7 Hubble Sees Galaxy Cluster Warping Space and Time 125,481 majority span the center’s core focus areas of astrophysics, Earth science, less ways. The center’s commitment 3 Hubble Paints Picture of the Evolving Universe 169,254 8 Hubble Finds an Einstein Ring 123,968 heliophysics, planetary science, and engineering and technology. 4 Saturn and Mars Team Up to Make Their Closest Approaches to Earth in 2018 146,848 9 Sounds of the Sun 114,195 to outreach and communications 5 Traveling to the Sun: Why Won’t Parker Solar Probe Melt? 138,651 10 NASA Finds a Large Amount of Water in an Exoplanet’s Atmosphere 105,245 ensures that the public—our most important stakeholder—is con- stantly informed and engaged in Multimedia and Television Production Top 14 Videos Plays Top 14 Videos Plays our missions and projects. 1 Tour of the Moon in 4K 2,456,229 8 The Unique Orbit of NASA’s Newest Planet Hunter 219,671 A total of 147 videos were posted to Goddard’s YouTube account in 2 Our Living Planet From Space 1,890,703 9 Moonlight (Clair de Lune) 194,094 fiscal 2018, helping present the center’s work in engaging visual formats. 3 Why Won’t It Melt? How NASA’s Solar Probe Will Survive the Sun 1,238,066 10 NASA’s TESS Catches a Comet 179,568 www.nasa.gov/goddard 4 The Birth of a New Island 1,161,961 11 NASA Sees Definitive Evidence of the Montreal Protocol's Success 178,433 5 2018 Hurricanes and Aerosols Simulation 651,572 12 For 15 Years, GRACE Tracked Freshwater Movements Around the World 177,793 6 A New Time-lapse of an Island Forming in Tonga 639,393 13 NASA's Worldview – Two Decades of Earth Data at Your Fingertips 153,654 7 Doomed Neutron Stars Create Blast of Light and Gravitational Waves 508,243 14 It's Surprisingly Hard to Go to the Sun 131,925 @NASAGoddard

• Total attendance from fiscal 2018 was 45,636. • NASA 60th Anniversary Public Event • Insiders’ Guide to Astronauts Visitor Center and Tours • A total of 19,222 attended tailored meetings, • International Space Station Downlink • Insiders’ Guide to the Universe NASA Goddard The Goddard Visitor Center showcases Goddard’s innovative and exciting events and programs. • JPSS-1 Launch Viewing • Lockheed Martin Mars Experience work for space explorers of all ages. • A total of 10,087 participated in 392 group tours. • GOES-S Launch Viewing • International Observe the Moon Night • New exhibits: “TESS: ABCs of Exoplanets” and “Sixty • Parker Solar Probe Friends and Family Day • Children’s Inn at the National Institutes of Health Years of Advancing Humanity’s Future in Space” • ICESat-2 Friends and Family Day • Take Your Child to Work Day NASA Goddard Media Resources 14 Live Shot Campaigns 615 Interviews • Colliding Neutron Stars • Rare Super, Blue Blood Moon • Hubble Celebrates 28 Years • 412 Satellite Interviews Goddard’s media resources provide external news organizations and oth- @nasagoddard • JPSS-1 Prelaunch • TDRS Fleet’s Newest Addition • Hubble Captures Mars at Opposition • 100 Radio Interviews ers direct access to the center’s activities, subject matter experts and prod- • Living Earth: 20 Years of Observations • GOES-S Prepares to Launch • Parker Solar Probe (two campaigns) ucts, further allowing us to communicate our work to the public. These • Hubble Holiday Lights • TESS Planet-Hunting Mission • ICESat-2 Prelaunch • 103 Other (print, in person, etc.) resources include live shot campaigns and live social video programs. • Global Temperature Update

Outreach Events • Conducted 95 VIP facility tours throughout the year, totaling 2,298 participants • Coordinated the 19th annual Goddard Fall Reception and Lecture, presented by The Maryland Space Business Roundtable and Goddard, at the Smithsonian Outreach events, organized by both Goddard and the agency, are held National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. year-round to engage the public with NASA’s missions, programs and • Presented NASA’s missions and technology at Maryland Day 2018, organized by the University of Maryland, College Park achievements. • Celebrated the 48th Earth Day at Union Station in Washington, D.C. Goddard contributed hyperwall presentations, demonstrations and hands-on activities.

50 51 EDUCATION

Educating, Engaging and Inspiring • The IV&V Educator Resource nity College Faculty Case Study ing Center in West Virginia. Stu- Center (ERC), a partnership with Workshop from May 21 to 23. dents and educators were taught TOMORROW’S STEM WORKFORCE Fairmont State University in West Nineteen faculty members rep- how to use the GLOBE Observer Virginia, coordinated 12 com- resenting 16 Virginia community app. Seventy-two high school stu- The Goddard Office of Education of undergraduate research ca- outreach initiative designed to en- petitive robotics programs and colleges focused on the applica- dents and five adults participated. hosted 51 tournaments across tion of modern workplace skills engages and inspires the nation’s pabilities in space weather and hance the knowledge and skills of • The NASA Minority University the state with more than 5,000 through a hands-on case study formal and informal K-12 and higher heliophysics, and advancement future engineers and scientists in Research and Education Project total student participants. The on teamwork, troubleshooting education students and educators of student capabilities in compu- West Virginia by allowing partici- (MUREP) at Goddard engaged ERC also organized more than 60 and real-time decision-making. through NASA’s mission, research, tational sciences for large-scale pants to build scientific payloads six minority-serving institutions workshops on the use of NASA discoveries and innovations. The modeling of Earth. and operate them in space. • The Goddard Astrophysics Edu- through competitive awards. In following are notable highlights and STEM-based educational • The Goddard Institute for Space • Goddard citizen science projects cation Team conducted a two- addition, collaborations among from fiscal 2018. kits, serving 16,672 students. Studies (GISS) successfully com- attracted 250,000 participants day hands-on workshop for 37 the faculty at the four historically pleted the third year of the from 103 countries. The projects informal educators from a variety black colleges and universities in NASA Internships, Fellowships Educator Professional Develop- Climate Change Research Initia- co-hosted an agencywide Citizen of local and national organiza- Maryland and Goddard technical and Scholarships invest in NASA’s ment provides NASA-unique tive (CCRI), a yearlong STEM Science Day in April. In March, tions. The workshop featured staff, along with student intern- workforce of tomorrow. STEM content and hands-on learn- engagement research program Goddard launched a new citizen Afterschool Universe, a growing ships, are building relationships ing experiences for in-service, • More than 500 summer, fall that employs STEM teachers and science project called Landslide curriculum designed to teach that will grow NASA’s STEM capa- preservice and informal educators. and spring interns—from high interns to work with and contrib- Reporter, educating citizen scien- middle school students about bilities and long-term associations. schools to doctoral programs ute to research projects relating what is in the universe and how tists on why NASA and scientists • In collaboration with GISS, 27 • Goddard manages the MUREP for —worked alongside scientists, to climate change. CCRI teams astronomers learn about it. elsewhere study landslides and teachers representing seven American Indian and Alaska Native engineers, technologists and produced a variety of published how to identify types of landslides. schools from across the North Institutional Engagement builds STEM Engagement (MAIANSE) mission support professionals articles in scientific journals. Bergen School District in New • The 11th Wallops Rocket Week academic and research capacity activity on behalf of the agency. across Goddard’s locations. They Jersey participated in the year- • Wallops Flight Facility hosted its attracted more than 300 stu- for increasing the participation of MAIANSE seeks to increase en- represented 45 states, the District long North Bergen STEM Insti- first NASA Community College dents and educators from across underrepresented minorities in gagement of American Indian of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the tute, which provided K-9 teachers Aerospace Scholars program the country. The week provided NASA-related STEM. and Alaska Native students by U.S. Virgin Islands. with beginner engineering and event with 31 scholars from 14 participants with opportunities to • The Goddard Mesoscale Atmo- fostering connections between • Fifteen Goddard undergraduate citizen science training while states and 25 community col- build and launch model rockets spheric Processes Laboratory NASA missions and tribal colleges and graduate student interns introducing a variety of NASA leges. Students developed a and taught them the basics in hosted four workshops at the Na- and universities, as well as with were honored as 2018 Mather educational resources. fictitious aerospace company and building and developing a scien- tive Youth Community Adaptation American Indian and Alaska Na- Nobel Scholars by the John and designed and tested a robotic tific payload for flight aboard a • Wallops organized the fourth and Leadership Congress at the tive-serving institutions. MAIANSE Jane Mather Foundation for Sci- rover that could retrieve rocks suborbital rocket. STEM Takes Flight Commu- National Conservation and Train- directly engaged 2,674 students. ence and the Arts. Scholars were and other rovers from Mars. awarded travel grants to present • With the launch of the Ice, Cloud their research at a professional STEM Engagement connects and land Elevation Satellite-2 NASA Strategic Objective learners of all ages with NASA’s (ICESat-2) on Sept. 15, the mis- 3.3: Inspire and Engage conference. the Public in Aeronautics, unique resources. • The Goddard Sciences and Explo- sion’s outreach and communica- Space, and Science. Inspire, ration Directorate hosted under- • The Greenbelt and Wallops cam- tions team planned, developed engage, educate, and represented undergraduate and puses conducted International and implemented many pre- employ the next generation graduate students throughout the Space Station downlinks with launch programs and activities. of explorers through NASA astronauts Ricky Arnold NASA-unique Science, year. Notable accomplishments • GLOBE Observer, an app-based Technology, Engineering included contributions to optics and Drew Feustel as part of NA- citizen science program that en- and Mathematics learning and instrumentation at Delaware SA’s Year of Education on Station. ables anyone to make Earth science opportunities. State University, establishment of The events drew more than 1,200 observations, continues to grow as a physics undergraduate program participants, including Maryland a citizen science engagement tool at the University of the Virgin Is- Sen. James Mathias. for adults and out-of-school youth lands, development of successful • Students from nine academic in- audiences. As of Sept. 30, nearly underrepresented undergraduate stitutions participated in the Inde- 240,000 people had downloaded researchers at Howard University pendent Verification & Validation the app, which includes options for and the University of Maryland Facility (IV&V) Space Flight Design observing clouds, mosquito breed- Baltimore County, development Challenge program, a student ing sites and land cover.

52 53 OUR PEOPLE BUDGET

Current state of the workforce 2018 BUDGET: $5.2B

GODDARD CIVIL SERVANTS by Age Group GODDARD CIVIL SERVANTS by Gender DIRECT GSFC BUDGET: $3.7B 29 and Under 230 7.0% 37.1% Female 62.9% Male 30-39 655 20.0% Reimbursable GSFC Budget: $1.5B 40-49 662 20.2%

50-59 1,194 36.4% Goddard Program Year 2018 BUDGET Categorized by Lines of Business (as of Sept. 30, 2018) 60-69 465 14.2% GODDARD CIVIL SERVANTS by Duty Location Chart is in $Ms 70 and Over 73 2.2% Greenbelt WFF IV&V GISS WSC TOTAL 2881 289 46 29 8 3279 Reimbursable (Earth Science) Reimbursable (Other) GODDARD CIVIL SERVANTS by Disability $1,277.5 • 24.7% $178.0 • 3.4% Targeted Nontargeted 87.9% 8.8% 1.4% 0.9% 0.2% 100% Disability 2.4% 6.1% Disability 79 201 Other • 26 = 0.8% Heliophysics $206.3 • 4.0% Earth Science $896.1 • 17.3% GODDARD CIVIL SERVANTS by Ethnicity GODDARD CIVIL SERVANTS by Skill Mix African-American • 15.6% AST Engineers • 49.0% Human Exploration Asian • 8.4% and Operations Hawaiian Pacific Islander • 0.1% AST Scientists • 12.6% Cross-Cutting $32.8 • 0.6% Hispanic • 6.3% Technologies Clerical • 1.4% Management Multiracial • 1.5% and Capabilities Non-AST Engineers/ and Operations Native American • 0.3% Scientists • 6.0% $213.5 • 4.1% Professional $559.7 • 10.8% Nonminority • 67.6% Administrative • 31.0%

Planetary and Lunar Science Space Communications $354.6 • 6.8% and Navigation BEST PLACES Rankings and Scores by Category 2017 Rank 2017 2011 2005 $312.9 • 6.0% Overall 2 of 150 83.5 77.1 73.9 Suborbital Programs TO WORK in Teamwork 6 of 148 82.5 77.0 79.6 Astrophysics and Range Services Innovation 2 of 148 83.4 78.3 N/A $1,008.9 • 19.5% $138.1 • 2.7% the Federal Effective Leadership 4 of 147 76.3 69.8 64.6 Support for Diversity 2 of 148 80.7 76.4 76.5 Government Training and Development 8 of 149 80.1 74.7 72.5 Employee Skills-Mission Match 2 of 149 87.3 84.9 80.5 http://bestplacestowork.org Work-Life Balance 12 of 148 74.1 66.1 67.8 Compiled by the Partnership for Public Service. Scores are based on an index Performance-Based Rewards and Advancement 1 of 147 70.5 62.5 60.9 measuring employee engagement. Rankings are in relation to other federal NASA ranked No. 1 in 2017 among all large federal agencies. Goddard ranked highest among all NASA agency subcomponents. centers in overall agency subcomponent rankings.

54 55 ECONOMIC IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Goddard’s success in enabling stimulate and strengthen economic and spinoff activities. A leader in Earth and atmospheric science, Goddard is committed to LOOKING FORWARD NASA missions and applying these activity by: • Broadening small business op- executing its mission without compromising the planet’s resources. scientific achievements to society • Expending goods and services portunities through its robust Sustainability practices have been implemented across all operations and Consistent with the center’s focus is evident. Each of Goddard’s loca- to perform its mission. contracting program. levels of management. The center’s four sustainability objectives, along on Earth science, Goddard’s tions supports the center’s ability to • Generating technology transfer with select accomplishments, are listed below: sustainability efforts continue.

Reduce energy consumption, associated air emissions and These include: other environmental impacts • Improving heating and cooling GODDARD 1 • Decreased fiscal 2017 energy intensity by 21.9 percent systems in several buildings SPACE FLIGHT from 2015 CENTER Greenbelt, • Reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 16.2 percent from Maryland • Constructing a 13-megawatt 2008 to 2017 photovoltaic system at Wallops • Established requirement for low-emission vehicles in service Goddard Budget Flight Facility in Virginia that Direct: $3.7 B contracts ...... will provide 80 percent of the Reimbursable: ...... $1.5 B • Increased use of clean energy by 29.4 percent and renew- Annapolis base’s energy load with on-site Total: ...... $5.2 B able electricity by 11.9 percent Budget received in fiscal 2018 against unexpired funds renewable energy Federal Procurement Data System - Next Generation data exclude all interagency acquisitions and transactions under Increase the number of sustainable buildings the micropurchase threshold ($3,500) such as bank cards, • Initiating a heating and power purchase orders and external procurement transactions. 2 • Constructed two buildings to satisfy the Leadership in En- ergy and Environmental Design’s (LEED) silver status plant optimization project that CONGRESSIONAL FY18 DISTRICTS OBLIGATIONS • One net-zero-capable building is under construction. will increase efficiencies MD-1 $181,775 • Retrocommissioning studies are in progress to meet guid- MD-2 $17,892 ing principle goals. • Goddard Living Laboratory for Coastal Resilience, NASA’s largest MD-3 $955,749 Obligations by WALLOPS Maryland County FLIGHT shoreline protection program, is MD-4 $42,830,384 Reduce potable water consumption and improve stormwater Anne Arundel $182,924 FACILITY Wallops Island, management preparing for its second beach MD-5 $1,352,845,117 Baltimore $3,768,125 Virginia MARYLAND 3 Baltimore City $232,009,846 • Reduced potable water consumption from 2007 by 33 percent renourishing project on Wallops MD-6 $232,093 Carroll $162,118 • Reduced untreated stormwater runoff through construc- Island to protect the agency’s only MD-7 $235,689,239 Frederick $12,500 tion of collection and filtration devices in newly constructed launch range. The Goddard-led MD-8 $1,364,986 Harford $12,545 LEED-certified buildings, increasing use of meadows, Howard $650,691 Mid-Atlantic Coastal Resilience swales and other permeability improvements Montgomery $1,601,146 Institute will continue to study the VA-2 $117,260,025 Prince George’s $1,395,716,037 impacts of storms and rising sea Washington $1,375 Goddard invests over 80 cents of every VIRGINIA ALL DISTRICTS $1,751,377,260 dollar it receives in American businesses, Pollution prevention and waste reduction levels in the area. Total $1,634,117,307 academia and nonprofit organizations. 4 • Diverted 495 tons, or 35.2 percent, of solid waste and 47 Goddard’s Top Contractors tons, or 97.3 percent, of construction and demolition waste 1. ORBITAL ATK $384.7 M 9. SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION $126.1 M from landfills in fiscal 2017 2. NORTHROP GRUMMAN SPACE AND 10. GENERAL DYNAMICS MISSION SYSTEMS, INC. $116.8 M • Established green purchasing requirements in procurement MISSION SYSTEMS CORPORATION $318.0 M 11. ATA AEROSPACE, LLC $106.8 M contracts on center 3. RAYTHEON COMPANY $247.8 M 12. INUTEQ, LLC $94.5 M • Excess electronics are reused or recycled. 4. ASSOC UNIV RESEARCH ASTRONOMY $231.3 M 13. BALL AEROSPACE AND TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION $92.4 M 5. HARRIS CORPORATION $176.8 M 14. KBRWYLE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, LLC $85.8 M 6. PERATON INC. $175.8 M 15. SCIENCE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS, INC. $72.5 M 7. LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION $159.8 M All numbers are based on NASA Procurement Data View and FPDS obligation data 8. AS AND D, INC. $138.2 M for fiscal 2018 as of Oct. 23, 2018.

56 57 A Commitment to Diversity, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity

DIVERSITY DIVERSITY INCLUSION INCLUSION LGBTAC AAAC EAAC NDPAC VAC NAAC WAC APAAC HACE

DIVERSITYGODDARD DIVERSITY DIVERSITYGODDARD DIVERSITY Lesbian,Lesbian, Gay, African Equal New and Veterans Native Women’s Asian Pacific Hispanic DIVERSITY DIVERSITY Bisexual, and American Accessibility Developing Advisory American Advisory American Advisory Transgender Advisory Advisory Professionals Committee Advisory Committee Advisory Committee Advisory Committee Committee Advisory Committee Committee for

INCLUSION INCLUSION INCLUSION INCLUSION DIVERSITY DIVERSITY Committee Committee Employees GODDARD GODDARD DIVERSITY DIVERSITY INCLUSION INCLUSION INCLUSION INCLUSION INCLUSION DIVERSITY INCLUSION DIVERSITY DIVERSITY GODDARD DIVERSITY GODDARD

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Several of their activities and In collaboration with the Na- tion Facility in West Virginia. nize a makeshift memorial on Center values the diversity of achievements are as follows. tional Society of Black Engi- The committee co-sponsored center as part of a Memorial experiences, viewpoints and neers, the committee hosted Chinese New Year and Mid- Day commemoration. During • The Goddard Hispanic Ad- talents that employees bring an African American History Autumn Festival events. Veterans Day in November visory Committee for Em- to work each and every day. Month event in February. 2017, the committee—in ployees (HACE) continued Diversity, inclusion and equal • The Goddard Native Ameri- partnership with the Goddard its recruitment and outreach • The Goddard LGBT Advi- opportunity are not just orga- can Advisory Committee, cel- New and Developing Profes- efforts at several Hispanic- sory Committee conducted a nizational goals. They are vital ebrating its 10th anniversary, sionals Advisory Committee serving institutions across centerwide survey to assess to the center’s mission, helping participated in the American (NDPAC)—hosted veteran the United States. Its con- its impact after a decade in drive innovation, collaboration Indian Science and Engi- Jared Marinos as he spoke tinued partnership with the existence. During LGBT Pride and creativity along the path to neering Society’s national about the transition to civilian University of Puerto Rico Month in June, the commit- mission success. conference career fair. The life for millennial veterans. resulted in a significant in- tee hosted several social committee co-hosted a talk Goddard’s policies and pro- crease in the number of events as well as a panel by renowned environmen- • NDPAC also visited the De- grams are designed to pro- Hispanic interns in the sum- discussion with Goddard talist Winona LaDuke during partment of the Interior for mote and advance this commit- mer of 2018. NASA scientist employees. National Native American an interagency engagement ment. To this end, nine advisory Miguel Roman delivered meeting and hosted a paint- • The Goddard Asian Pacific Heritage Month in Novem- committees on center help the keynote address during ing night with Wallops em- American Advisory Commit- ber 2017. ensure that the interests of em- HACE’s Hispanic Heritage ployees. tee co-sponsored the annual ployees from all backgrounds Luncheon in September. • The Goddard Women’s Ad- Taste of Asia and the Pacific are represented in recruitment, visory Committee co-hosted • The Goddard Equal Acces- • The Goddard African Ameri- Islands during Asian Pacific hiring, retention, outreach and Wendy Morton-Huddleston, sibility Advisory Committee can Advisory Committee co- American Heritage Month professional development. a principal of accounting and co-hosted an event featuring hosted NASA astronaut Alvin in May. Stephen Shih, NASA advisory firm Grant Thornton, Elise Roy—a prominent deaf From hosting speakers during Drew during the center’s associate administrator for di- as the keynote speaker for attorney, artist and human heritage months to organiz- annual Martin Luther King Jr. versity and equal opportunity, a Women’s History Month rights advocate—during ing outreach efforts for future Day commemorative event. It served as the keynote speaker. event in March. National Disability Employ- scientists and engineers, God- supported the Wallops Flight A heritage month event was ment Awareness Month in dard’s advisory committees Facility Office of Education also held at NASA’s Indepen- • The Goddard Veterans Advi- October 2017. were active throughout the year. for several outreach events. dent Verification & Valida- sory Committee helped orga-

58 59 CONNECTIONS IN MEMORIAM

As we celebrate our collective achievements, we also honor all of those Social Media Snapshots who have contributed to Goddard and are no longer with us. Your dedication and talent will never be forgotten.

*Active civil servants who MARION F. FEDERLINE JAMES W. RIDGLEY JR. passed away from October MCLEAN M. GRANT STEVE ROOKER 2017 through September DONALD G. HENRY DOUGLAS H. ROSE JR. 2018 include: TED HERMELING DAVID H. SCHAEFER BERNITA B. JUSTIS PHILIP T. SMITH FELICIA S. DONNELL FLORENCE D. KENNY WILLIAM J. SMITH NICOLE M. RAPHAEL ROBERT A. KICHAK PAUL L. SPADIN JOHN S. KNOLL THEODORE P. STECHER ‡Contractors, former civil YOJI KONDO EDWIN O. STENGARD servants and others whose GEORGE E. KRAFT ROBERT G. STEPP reported passing occurred BRIAN LEM ROBERT L. STILMAR from October 2017 through September 2018 include: GERALD W. LONGANECKER ROBERT E. STREITMATTER CHESLEY H. LOONEY JR. CARLOTTA TEAGUE WILLIAM H. ANONSEN DENNIS K. MCCARTHY VIGDOR L. TEPLITZ MICHAEL J. BERZONSKY ORMOND W. MCDANIEL BETTY F. THOMAS CHRISTOPHER O. BRYAN SR. WYLIE M. MCMILLAN IVA L. VOLKMER JAMES S. BURNESKIS RICHARD G. MULLIGAN CLAUDE WARD WILLIAM J. CAMPBELL ALTON D. PAYNE JR. ARTHUR F. WHITE BRIAN CARNAHAN LLOYD C. PAYNE RICHARD M. WINDSOR RICHARD D. CARPER JACK E. POWNELL WILLIAM R. WITT JR. ROLAND H. CHASE LEONARD RABB FRANK T. WOLF MILTON R. CROMER PAUL M. RALL ANNABELLE G. WRIGHT WILLIAM G. DEWELL KENNETH F. REHMANN GERALD R. YOUSE CLARENCE E. DOLL JR. CHARLES F. RICE JR.

*NASA does not have access to this information for former NASA civil servants. The report authors have been informally notified of such individu- als who have been added to the list under contractors and others.

‡NASA does not have access to this information for contractors and others affiliated with Goddard. An earnest attempt was made to manually collect this information. However, the nature of the process could result in an incomplete list.

Please email omissions to Darrell Dela Rosa at [email protected]. The electronic version of this report will be updated accordingly.

60 61 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER

Set goals, challenge yourself, and achieve them. Live a healthy life... and make every moment count. Rise above the obstacles, and focus on the positive. ANNUAL REPORT – Robert H. Goddard

For more information, please visit our website: www.nasa.gov/goddard

NP-2018-10-280-GSFC this is science

www.nasa.gov