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First Record of Eutonina Indicans (Romanes, 1876) from Kerala Waters, India

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First Record of Eutonina Indicans (Romanes, 1876) from Kerala Waters, India Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 47 (08), August 2018, pp. 1636-1639 First record of Eutonina indicans (Romanes, 1876) from Kerala waters, India Sam Peter1, B. Manojkumar2 & Devika Pillai*1 1School of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Cochin, 682506, Kerala, India 2School of Fisheries Resource Management and Harvest Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Cochin, 682506, Kerala, India *[E-Mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]] Received 04 July 2017; revised 10 August 2017 The occurrence of Eutonina indicans (Romanes, 1876) a hydrozoan gelatinous zooplankton, was recorded for the first time, in the Varapuzha backwaters of Cochin (Kerala) where it has been discovered inhabiting surface waters. Inventorying zooplanktonic diversity and distribution is significant as they form the basis of the pelagic food web. Based on monthly sampling in March 2017, two species of gelatinous zooplankton viz., Eutonina indicans and Acromitus flagellatus were listed in the monitoring stations in the backwaters of Cochin. A brief description of the newly identified species along with ecological remarks is presented. [Keywords: Gelatinous Zooplankton, Hydromedusae, Eirenidae, Eutonina indicans, Backwaters, Kerala] Introduction reviewed the hydrozoans from Maharashtra coast and The Hydromedusae, a subclass within the Class reported the occurrence of Eutonina indicans in Hydrozoa of Phylum Cnidaria, include a mystifying Mumbai suburban11. However, there was little to variety of mostly small, often inconspicuous nothing published about this species from the state of medusae1. Life histories of hydrozoan species can Kerala. vary from those that are dominated by the polyp to Since hydrozoan medusae prey on a variety of that which are exclusively medusoid2. Compared to marine invertebrates, fish eggs and fish larvae12, and the larger and flashier scyphomedusae, medusa within are food competitors of zooplanktivorous fish13, they this subclass typically possesses transparent tissue can significantly affect the trophic ecology of marine that renders them difficult to see in the water1. ecosystems14. Hence, inventorying zooplanktonic Hydromedusae are typically classified into 5 orders: diversity and distribution is important15. The present Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, study of its occurrence in backwaters of Cochin Narcomedusae and Trachymedusae1. Eutonina extends our understanding of its distribution within indicans, commonly known as Umbrella Jelly or India. A brief description of the newly identified Aggregating Jelly is a Leptomedusan under the family species is provided here along with ecological Eirenidae3.Leptomedusae typically have a more remarks. flattened bell, with gonads attached to the radial canals. Most possess statocysts in the bell margin, and Materials and Methods some have light sensitive pigment spots known as A biodiversity survey of gelatinous zooplankton ocelli3. There are 73 described species assigned to 10 was carried out in the month of March 2017 genera in the family Eirenidae4. from surface waters near three monitoring stations There are reports of Eutonina indicans from (Figure 1) in the backwaters of Cochin. Station 1, several localities in the World Oceans. British Aroor Ferry (lat.9°.86’N, long.76°.29’E), Station 2, Isles5,6,Southern North Sea2, Pacific Coast of Canada7, Poothotta Ferry (lat.9°.84’N, long.76°.38’E) and Station California8 and from the Kuril Islands2, Kamtchatka9 3, Varapuzha Ferry (lat.10°.06’N, long.76°.28’E) were and Japan Waters7.Thomas and Chhapgar (1977) the stations chosen. A plankton net (200μm mesh reported the first record of Eutonina indicans from the size) was towed in an oblique haul by a boat for 10 coastal waters of Maharashtra10.Later, Pooja (2012) minutes to collect the specimens. Various physical PETER et al.: EUTONINA INDICANS (ROMANES, 1876) FROM KERALA WATERS 1637 Fig. 3 — Exumbrellar view of Acromitus flagellates. Fig. 1 — Map showing location of sampling stations. Fig. 4 — Subumbrellar view of Acromitus flagellates. Species Identification Portal16. Samples were fixed and preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution. Results and Discussion During the period of study, two species of Fig. 2 — Photomicrograph of subumbrellar view of Eutonina gelatinous zooplankton, Eutonina indicans (Figure 2) indicans. Arrow in black color indicates the position of the and Acromitus flagellatus (Figures 3 & 4) were found peduncle along the radial canal. from the monitoring stations (Table 1). Acromitus parameters such as temperature, pH and salinity were flagellatus, a scyphomedusae of class hydrozoa, has measured in situ using HACHTM multiple parameter already been reported from various locations of portable meter. Morphological characters were Kerala backwaters17,18. Consequently, emphasis is examined under a stereo-zoom microscope and digital given to explain the newly identified species, photographs were taken with Tucsen ISH 500 camera. Eutonina indicans from the Varapuzha backwaters The classification used was according to the Marine of Cochin. 1638 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 47, NO. 08, AUGUST 2018 Table 1 — Collection Information includes: Station No., Collection Date, Collection Locations given as Latitude (Lat °N), Longitude (Long °E), Time of Collection, Voucher Number (V. No.), and Species Name. St. No. Collection Collection Time of Lat° N Long° E V. No Gelatinous zooplankton Date Locations Collection Sp.Observed 1 27 March 2017 Aroor Ferry 8.00 AM 9°.86’ 76°.29’ Nil Nil 2 28 March 2017 Poothotta Ferry 8.05 AM 9°.84’ 76°.38’ 03-03-17-AC/FS-KUFOS Acromitus flagellates 3 30 March 2017 Varapuzha Ferry 8.00 AM 10°.06’ 76°.28’ 04-03-17-EU/IS-KUFOS Eutonina indicans Taxonomic Observation: Table 2 — Physical parameters of surface water collected from Eutonina indicans (Romanes, 1876) the monitoring stations With a transparent bell and relatively small size, Parameter Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 only a careful search revealed its presence in the Aroor Poothotta Varapuzha surface waters; umbrella slightly flatter than a Surface-water 30.0 31.0 30.0 hemisphere and thick jelly. Stomach short, situated temperature (°C) on elongate conical gastric peduncle reaching a Salinity (‰) 25.0 20.0 12.0 little beyond umbrella. Mouth with four folded lips. pH 7.92 8.01 8.11 Radial canals four, extending along gastric pointed out that zooplankton abundance was higher peduncle; both radial and ring canals were during September and October when moderate narrowed. No lateral cirri. Diameter of umbrella salinity prevailed19. Though both Eutonina indicans was 25-35 mm. Large number of marginal tentacles and Acromitus flagellatus are marine organisms, were observed among the collected organisms. Eutonina indicans may be proficient to survive in Stomach, gonads and marginal tentacle bases were lesser saline conditions than the scyphozoan true white or light sepia in color, with dark pigment on jellyfish, Acromitus flagellatus. tentacle bases and along dorsal surfaces of grooves It is suggested that the density of an organism in roof of stomach. depends upon the availability of suitable food Additional information on physical parameters of material22. Here in the present study, a variety of small surface water collected from the monitoring stations prey, including invertebrate eggs and larvae, were is presented in Table 2.The surface water found to prevail in Station 3(Varapuzha), compared to temperature of the stations were in a range of 30 to the other stations monitored. Since the invertebrate’s 31ºC during the time of observation. pH of these eggs and larvae are the foodstuff of this tiny gelatinous stations varied in a range of 7.92 to 8.11.The highest jewel1, this factor might have forced them to stay there value was noticed from the Varapuzha station where though the salinity is found to be less. the occurrence of Eutonina indicans was monitored. In general, estuaries in the State of Kerala are often Salinity of the surface water varied in a range of clogged with heavy swarms of jellyfish (both 12 to 25‰. The highest range of salinity was hydromedusae and scyphomedusae). Global warming recorded from Station 1, Aroor and lowest was from and the decline in the population of predatory fish Varapuzha. Observation of the geographical location species and turtles due to overfishing could lead to the revealed that among the stations studied, Aroor ferry proliferation of jellyfish in Indian waters23. An is closer to the open Arabian Sea. This geographical increase of a few degrees in atmospheric temperature element might have influenced increased salinity of will not only raise the temperature of the oceans, but Aroor water. The low salinity of Varapuzha water also cause major hydrologic changes affecting the may be due to the water current from River Periyar. physical and chemical properties of water and rise in The zooplankton fauna of the backwaters including sea level. These will lead to fish, invertebrate, and the hydromedusae is greatly influenced by salinity plant species changes in marine and estuarine fluctuations19.Earlier studies conducted in Southern communities24. Sea level rise for Cochin (southwest Gujarat waters suggested that the high saline period coast) is estimated as 2 cm in the last one century25. during the pre-monsoon period could accelerate Fishes, which were earlier found only in deep sea, zooplankton abundance20,21. However a study are now
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